See un- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for un- meaning in English (27.9kB)
{ "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "negative" }, "expansion": "table", "name": "etymid" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*ne" }, "expansion": "*ne", "name": "l" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ne" }, "expansion": "", "name": "catlangname" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ne" }, "expansion": "PIE word\n *ne", "name": "PIE word" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "un-" }, "expansion": "Middle English un-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "un-" }, "expansion": "Old English un-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*un-" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *un-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*un-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *un-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*n̥-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "un-" }, "expansion": "Scots un-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "on-", "3": "", "4": "un-" }, "expansion": "on- (“un-”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "frr", "2": "ün-" }, "expansion": "North Frisian ün-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "stq", "2": "uun-" }, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian uun-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "fy", "2": "ûn-" }, "expansion": "West Frisian ûn-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "fy", "2": "on-" }, "expansion": "on-", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "on-" }, "expansion": "Dutch on-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nds", "2": "un-" }, "expansion": "Low German un-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nds", "2": "on-" }, "expansion": "on-", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "un-" }, "expansion": "German un-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "da", "2": "u-" }, "expansion": "Danish u-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sv", "2": "o-" }, "expansion": "Swedish o-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "no", "2": "u-" }, "expansion": "Norwegian u-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "is", "2": "ó-" }, "expansion": "Icelandic ó-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "in-" }, "expansion": "Latin in-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "ἀ-" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "a-" }, "expansion": "English a-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "el", "2": "α-" }, "expansion": "Greek α- (a-)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sa", "2": "अ-" }, "expansion": "Sanskrit अ- (a-)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "in-", "3": "a-" }, "expansion": "Doublet of in- and a-", "name": "doublet" } ], "etymology_text": "table\n PIE word\n *ne\nFrom Middle English un-, from Old English un-, from Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-. Cognate with Scots un-, on- (“un-”), North Frisian ün-, Saterland Frisian uun-, West Frisian ûn-, on-, Dutch on-, Low German un-, on-, German un-, Danish u-, Swedish o-, Norwegian u-, Icelandic ó-. More distant cognate with Latin in-, Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (whence English a-, modern Greek α- (a-)) and Sanskrit अ- (a-).\nDoublet of in- and a-.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "prefix", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "un-", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "un-", "name": "en-prefix" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prefix", "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "un- + educated → uneducated (“not educated”)" } ], "glosses": [ "not" ], "id": "en-un--en-prefix-JUu5e1fx", "raw_glosses": [ "(added to adjectives or past participles) not" ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "98 0 2", "sense": "not", "word": "a-" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 2", "sense": "not", "word": "an-" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 2", "sense": "not", "word": "dys-" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 2", "sense": "not", "word": "i-" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 2", "sense": "not", "word": "il-" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 2", "sense": "not", "word": "im-" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 2", "sense": "not", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 2", "sense": "not", "word": "ir-" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 2", "sense": "not", "word": "mal-" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 2", "sense": "not", "word": "non-" } ], "tags": [ "added to adjectives or past participles", "morpheme" ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "un- + conformity → unconformity (“lack of conformity”)" } ], "glosses": [ "lack of" ], "id": "en-un--en-prefix-1KyOad00", "raw_glosses": [ "(added to nouns) lack of" ], "tags": [ "added to nouns", "morpheme" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "on-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "nuk ka" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "an-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ան-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʿ-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "չ-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "dž-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "դժ-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "t-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "տ-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mala-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "мала-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "malko", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "малко" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "bù-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "不-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "on-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "mal-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ne-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "sen-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ó-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "-ton" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "mal" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "non-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "ara-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "არა-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "u- -o", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "უ- -ო" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "u-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "უ-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "un-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "a-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "α-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "a-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ἀ-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ó-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "pam", "lang": "Kapampangan", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "e-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "on-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "u-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ú-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ó-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "nie-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ne-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "i-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ne-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "не-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ao-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "mì-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "neo-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "eu-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "do-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "an-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "nje-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "o-" }, { "_dis1": "10 63 26", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "van-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "an-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "ան-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʿ-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "չ-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "dž-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "դժ-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "t-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "տ-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "mal-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "ne-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "sen-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "ó-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "-ton" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "epä-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "non-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "u-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "უ-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "un-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "a-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "α-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "-talan" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "-telen" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "-atlan" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "-etlen" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "-tlan" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "-tlen" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "ó-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "pam", "lang": "Kapampangan", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "emika-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "pam", "lang": "Kapampangan", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "emiki-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "pam", "lang": "Kapampangan", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "emi-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "mu-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "무" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "bez-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "nie-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "des-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bez-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "без-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bes-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "бес-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ne-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "не-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "ao-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "mì-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "neo-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "eu-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "do-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "nje-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "1 97 2", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "o-" } ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "un- + conference → unconference" } ], "glosses": [ "contrary to traditional norms; unconventional" ], "id": "en-un--en-prefix-alA-j2br", "links": [ [ "traditional", "traditional" ], [ "unconventional", "unconventional" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(added to nouns) contrary to traditional norms; unconventional" ], "tags": [ "added to nouns", "morpheme" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "on-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "pa-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "haka-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "հակա-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "na-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "-a" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nje-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "не-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "o-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "অ-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ne-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "не-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "bù", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "不" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "無" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "wú", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "无" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "ne-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "u-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "on-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "mal-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "epä-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "anti-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "non-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "anti-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "un-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "anti-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "αντι-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "ó-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "alt": "ふ", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "fu", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "不-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "alt": "はん", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "han", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "反-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "alt": "む", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "mu", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "無-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "ora" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "pam", "lang": "Kapampangan", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "e-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "bul-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "불" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ban-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "반" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "bǭ-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "ບໍ່-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "ne-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "не-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "nie-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "anti-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "não-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ne-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "не-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "an-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "mì-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "tags": [ "Cyrillic" ], "word": "не-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "tags": [ "Roman" ], "word": "ne-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "ne-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "ne-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "nje-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "o-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "anti-" }, { "_dis1": "4 2 95", "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ne-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "не-" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ʌn/", "tags": [ "Canada", "General-American", "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/an/", "tags": [ "General-Australian" ] }, { "audio": "en-us-un-.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg/En-us-un-.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" } ], "word": "un-" } { "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "reversal prefix" }, "expansion": "table", "name": "etymid" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*h₂énti" }, "expansion": "*h₂énti", "name": "l" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂énti" }, "expansion": "", "name": "catlangname" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "h₂énti" }, "expansion": "PIE word\n *h₂énti", "name": "PIE word" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂en-" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "on-" }, "expansion": "Middle English on-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ond-" }, "expansion": "Old English ond-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "and-", "3": "", "4": "against, facing, toward; in return, back, without" }, "expansion": "and- (“against, facing, toward; in return, back, without”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*anda-" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *anda-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*anda-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *anda-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "*andi-", "3": "", "4": "against" }, "expansion": "*andi- (“against”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂énti", "4": "", "5": "across, forth, forward, ahead" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth, forward, ahead”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*h₂énts", "3": "", "4": "end, limit, forehead" }, "expansion": "*h₂énts (“end, limit, forehead”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "and-" }, "expansion": "and-", "name": "l" } ], "etymology_text": "table\n PIE word\n *h₂énti\nFrom Middle English on-, from Old English ond-, and- (“against, facing, toward; in return, back, without”), from Proto-West Germanic *anda-, from Proto-Germanic *anda-, *andi- (“against”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth, forward, ahead”), from *h₂énts (“end, limit, forehead”). More at and-.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "prefix", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "un-", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "un-", "name": "en-prefix" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prefix", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "text": "un- + dress → undress (“to take one's clothes off”)" }, { "text": "un- + lock → unlock (“to undo the locking of”)" }, { "ref": "1996, “Un-Break My Heart”, in Secrets, performed by Toni Braxton", "text": "Un-cry these tears I cried so many nights\nUn-break my heart", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "the inverse of a specified action" ], "id": "en-un--en-prefix-KAMrNat8", "links": [ [ "inverse", "inverse" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(added to verbs) the inverse of a specified action" ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "75 7 18", "sense": "opposite", "word": "anti-" }, { "_dis1": "75 7 18", "sense": "opposite", "word": "in-" }, { "_dis1": "75 7 18", "sense": "opposite", "word": "non-" } ], "tags": [ "added to verbs", "morpheme" ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "un- + cage → uncage (“to release from a cage”)" }, { "text": "un- + tangle → untangle (“to remove the tangling of”)" } ], "glosses": [ "deprive of, release from, free from, remove from, extract from" ], "id": "en-un--en-prefix-a2UzAT-V", "links": [ [ "deprive", "deprive" ], [ "release", "release" ], [ "free", "free" ], [ "remove", "remove" ], [ "extract", "extract" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(added to nouns to form verbs) deprive of, release from, free from, remove from, extract from" ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 100 0", "sense": "release", "word": "de-" }, { "_dis1": "0 100 0", "sense": "release", "word": "dis-" }, { "_dis1": "0 100 0", "sense": "release", "word": "off-" } ], "tags": [ "added to nouns to form verbs", "morpheme" ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "text": "un- + decipher → undecipher" }, { "text": "un- + thaw → unthaw" } ], "glosses": [ "intensifying a verb that already suggests opposition or removal" ], "id": "en-un--en-prefix-en:intensifier", "raw_glosses": [ "(rare) intensifying a verb that already suggests opposition or removal" ], "senseid": [ "en:intensifier" ], "tags": [ "morpheme", "rare" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ʌn/", "tags": [ "Canada", "General-American", "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/an/", "tags": [ "General-Australian" ] }, { "audio": "en-us-un-.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg/En-us-un-.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" } ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "36 36 28", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "ap-", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "ապ-" }, { "_dis1": "36 36 28", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "ont-" }, { "_dis1": "36 36 28", "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "mal-" }, { "_dis1": "36 36 28", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "dé-" }, { "_dis1": "36 36 28", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "dés-" }, { "_dis1": "36 36 28", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "des-" }, { "_dis1": "36 36 28", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "ent-" }, { "_dis1": "36 36 28", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apo-", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "απο-" }, { "_dis1": "36 36 28", "code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "af-" }, { "_dis1": "36 36 28", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "s-" }, { "_dis1": "36 36 28", "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "av-" }, { "_dis1": "36 36 28", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "des-" }, { "_dis1": "36 36 28", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "des-" }, { "_dis1": "36 36 28", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "av-" } ], "word": "un-" } { "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "ūnus" }, "expansion": "Latin ūnus", "name": "bor" } ], "etymology_text": "From Latin ūnus.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "prefix", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "un-", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "un-", "name": "en-prefix" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prefix", "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "un- (“1”) + bi- (“2”) + un- (“1”) + -ium (element suffix) → unbiunium (“element 121”)", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Used for the digit one to form temporary names of elements whose existence has been predicted, and which have not yet been given a trivial name." ], "id": "en-un--en-prefix-F1Cfb5vS", "links": [ [ "element", "element" ] ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "un- + decillion (“10³³”) → undecillion (“10³⁶”)" }, { "text": "un- + vigintillion (“10⁶³”) → unvigintillion (“10⁶⁶”)" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form large numbers as the first in the sequence." ], "id": "en-un--en-prefix-j~g0YlY~", "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ʌn/", "tags": [ "Canada", "General-American", "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/an/", "tags": [ "General-Australian" ] }, { "audio": "en-us-un-.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg/En-us-un-.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "-un-" } ], "word": "un-" }
{ "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "negative" }, "expansion": "table", "name": "etymid" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*ne" }, "expansion": "*ne", "name": "l" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ne" }, "expansion": "", "name": "catlangname" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ne" }, "expansion": "PIE word\n *ne", "name": "PIE word" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "un-" }, "expansion": "Middle English un-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "un-" }, "expansion": "Old English un-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*un-" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *un-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*un-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *un-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*n̥-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "un-" }, "expansion": "Scots un-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "on-", "3": "", "4": "un-" }, "expansion": "on- (“un-”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "frr", "2": "ün-" }, "expansion": "North Frisian ün-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "stq", "2": "uun-" }, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian uun-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "fy", "2": "ûn-" }, "expansion": "West Frisian ûn-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "fy", "2": "on-" }, "expansion": "on-", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "on-" }, "expansion": "Dutch on-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nds", "2": "un-" }, "expansion": "Low German un-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nds", "2": "on-" }, "expansion": "on-", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "un-" }, "expansion": "German un-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "da", "2": "u-" }, "expansion": "Danish u-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sv", "2": "o-" }, "expansion": "Swedish o-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "no", "2": "u-" }, "expansion": "Norwegian u-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "is", "2": "ó-" }, "expansion": "Icelandic ó-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "in-" }, "expansion": "Latin in-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "ἀ-" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "a-" }, "expansion": "English a-", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "el", "2": "α-" }, "expansion": "Greek α- (a-)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sa", "2": "अ-" }, "expansion": "Sanskrit अ- (a-)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "in-", "3": "a-" }, "expansion": "Doublet of in- and a-", "name": "doublet" } ], "etymology_text": "table\n PIE word\n *ne\nFrom Middle English un-, from Old English un-, from Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-. Cognate with Scots un-, on- (“un-”), North Frisian ün-, Saterland Frisian uun-, West Frisian ûn-, on-, Dutch on-, Low German un-, on-, German un-, Danish u-, Swedish o-, Norwegian u-, Icelandic ó-. More distant cognate with Latin in-, Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (whence English a-, modern Greek α- (a-)) and Sanskrit अ- (a-).\nDoublet of in- and a-.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "prefix", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "un-", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "un-", "name": "en-prefix" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prefix", "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "un- + educated → uneducated (“not educated”)" } ], "glosses": [ "not" ], "raw_glosses": [ "(added to adjectives or past participles) not" ], "tags": [ "added to adjectives or past participles", "morpheme" ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "un- + conformity → unconformity (“lack of conformity”)" } ], "glosses": [ "lack of" ], "raw_glosses": [ "(added to nouns) lack of" ], "tags": [ "added to nouns", "morpheme" ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "un- + conference → unconference" } ], "glosses": [ "contrary to traditional norms; unconventional" ], "links": [ [ "traditional", "traditional" ], [ "unconventional", "unconventional" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(added to nouns) contrary to traditional norms; unconventional" ], "tags": [ "added to nouns", "morpheme" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ʌn/", "tags": [ "Canada", "General-American", "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/an/", "tags": [ "General-Australian" ] }, { "audio": "en-us-un-.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg/En-us-un-.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "sense": "not", "word": "a-" }, { "sense": "not", "word": "an-" }, { "sense": "not", "word": "dys-" }, { "sense": "not", "word": "i-" }, { "sense": "not", "word": "il-" }, { "sense": "not", "word": "im-" }, { "sense": "not", "word": "in-" }, { "sense": "not", "word": "ir-" }, { "sense": "not", "word": "mal-" }, { "sense": "not", "word": "non-" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "on-" }, { "code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "nuk ka" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "an-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ան-" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʿ-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "չ-" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "dž-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "դժ-" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "t-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "տ-" }, { "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "mala-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "мала-" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "malko", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "малко" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "in-" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "bù-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "不-" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "on-" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "mal-" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ne-" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "sen-" }, { "code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ó-" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "-ton" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "in-" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "mal" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "non-" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "in-" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "ara-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "არა-" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "u- -o", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "უ- -ო" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "u-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "უ-" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "un-" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "a-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "α-" }, { "code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "a-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ἀ-" }, { "code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ó-" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "in-" }, { "code": "pam", "lang": "Kapampangan", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "e-" }, { "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "in-" }, { "code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "on-" }, { "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "u-" }, { "code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ú-" }, { "code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ó-" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "nie-" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "in-" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ne-" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "i-" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ne-", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "не-" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "ao-" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "mì-" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "neo-" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "eu-" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "do-" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "an-" }, { "code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "nje-" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "in-" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "o-" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "denoting absence", "word": "van-" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "an-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "ան-" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "čʿ-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "չ-" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "dž-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "դժ-" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "t-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "տ-" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "in-" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "mal-" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "ne-" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "sen-" }, { "code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "ó-" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "-ton" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "epä-" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "in-" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "non-" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "in-" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "u-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "უ-" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "un-" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "a-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "α-" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "-talan" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "-telen" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "-atlan" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "-etlen" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "-tlan" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "-tlen" }, { "code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "ó-" }, { "code": "pam", "lang": "Kapampangan", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "emika-" }, { "code": "pam", "lang": "Kapampangan", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "emiki-" }, { "code": "pam", "lang": "Kapampangan", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "emi-" }, { "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "mu-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "무" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "bez-" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "nie-" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "in-" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "des-" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bez-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "без-" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bes-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "бес-" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ne-", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "не-" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "ao-" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "mì-" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "neo-" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "eu-" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "do-" }, { "code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "nje-" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "in-" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "denoting a lack of", "word": "o-" }, { "code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "on-" }, { "code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "pa-" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "haka-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "հակա-" }, { "code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "na-" }, { "code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "-a" }, { "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nje-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "не-" }, { "code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "o-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "অ-" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ne-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "не-" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "in-" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "bù", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "不" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "無" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "wú", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "无" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "ne-" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "u-" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "on-" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "mal-" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "epä-" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "anti-" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "in-" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "non-" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "anti-" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "un-" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "anti-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "αντι-" }, { "code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "ó-" }, { "alt": "ふ", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "fu", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "不-" }, { "alt": "はん", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "han", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "反-" }, { "alt": "む", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "mu", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "無-" }, { "code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "ora" }, { "code": "pam", "lang": "Kapampangan", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "e-" }, { "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "bul-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "불" }, { "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ban-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "반" }, { "code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "bǭ-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "ບໍ່-" }, { "code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "ne-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "не-" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "nie-" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "in-" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "anti-" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "não-" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ne-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "не-" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "an-" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "mì-" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "tags": [ "Cyrillic" ], "word": "не-" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "tags": [ "Roman" ], "word": "ne-" }, { "code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "ne-" }, { "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "ne-" }, { "code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "nje-" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "in-" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "o-" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "anti-" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ne-", "sense": "violative of; contrary to", "word": "не-" } ], "word": "un-" } { "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "reversal prefix" }, "expansion": "table", "name": "etymid" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*h₂énti" }, "expansion": "*h₂énti", "name": "l" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂énti" }, "expansion": "", "name": "catlangname" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "h₂énti" }, "expansion": "PIE word\n *h₂énti", "name": "PIE word" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂en-" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "on-" }, "expansion": "Middle English on-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ond-" }, "expansion": "Old English ond-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "and-", "3": "", "4": "against, facing, toward; in return, back, without" }, "expansion": "and- (“against, facing, toward; in return, back, without”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*anda-" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *anda-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*anda-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *anda-", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "*andi-", "3": "", "4": "against" }, "expansion": "*andi- (“against”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂énti", "4": "", "5": "across, forth, forward, ahead" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth, forward, ahead”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*h₂énts", "3": "", "4": "end, limit, forehead" }, "expansion": "*h₂énts (“end, limit, forehead”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "and-" }, "expansion": "and-", "name": "l" } ], "etymology_text": "table\n PIE word\n *h₂énti\nFrom Middle English on-, from Old English ond-, and- (“against, facing, toward; in return, back, without”), from Proto-West Germanic *anda-, from Proto-Germanic *anda-, *andi- (“against”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth, forward, ahead”), from *h₂énts (“end, limit, forehead”). More at and-.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "prefix", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "un-", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "un-", "name": "en-prefix" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prefix", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "text": "un- + dress → undress (“to take one's clothes off”)" }, { "text": "un- + lock → unlock (“to undo the locking of”)" }, { "ref": "1996, “Un-Break My Heart”, in Secrets, performed by Toni Braxton", "text": "Un-cry these tears I cried so many nights\nUn-break my heart", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "the inverse of a specified action" ], "links": [ [ "inverse", "inverse" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(added to verbs) the inverse of a specified action" ], "tags": [ "added to verbs", "morpheme" ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "un- + cage → uncage (“to release from a cage”)" }, { "text": "un- + tangle → untangle (“to remove the tangling of”)" } ], "glosses": [ "deprive of, release from, free from, remove from, extract from" ], "links": [ [ "deprive", "deprive" ], [ "release", "release" ], [ "free", "free" ], [ "remove", "remove" ], [ "extract", "extract" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(added to nouns to form verbs) deprive of, release from, free from, remove from, extract from" ], "tags": [ "added to nouns to form verbs", "morpheme" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with rare senses" ], "examples": [ { "text": "un- + decipher → undecipher" }, { "text": "un- + thaw → unthaw" } ], "glosses": [ "intensifying a verb that already suggests opposition or removal" ], "raw_glosses": [ "(rare) intensifying a verb that already suggests opposition or removal" ], "senseid": [ "en:intensifier" ], "tags": [ "morpheme", "rare" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ʌn/", "tags": [ "Canada", "General-American", "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/an/", "tags": [ "General-Australian" ] }, { "audio": "en-us-un-.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg/En-us-un-.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "sense": "opposite", "word": "anti-" }, { "sense": "opposite", "word": "in-" }, { "sense": "opposite", "word": "non-" }, { "sense": "release", "word": "de-" }, { "sense": "release", "word": "dis-" }, { "sense": "release", "word": "off-" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "ap-", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "ապ-" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "ont-" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "mal-" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "dé-" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "dés-" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "des-" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "ent-" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apo-", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "απο-" }, { "code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "af-" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "s-" }, { "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "av-" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "des-" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "des-" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "reversal or cancellation", "word": "av-" } ], "word": "un-" } { "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "ūnus" }, "expansion": "Latin ūnus", "name": "bor" } ], "etymology_text": "From Latin ūnus.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "prefix", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "un-", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "un-", "name": "en-prefix" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prefix", "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "un- (“1”) + bi- (“2”) + un- (“1”) + -ium (element suffix) → unbiunium (“element 121”)", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Used for the digit one to form temporary names of elements whose existence has been predicted, and which have not yet been given a trivial name." ], "links": [ [ "element", "element" ] ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "un- + decillion (“10³³”) → undecillion (“10³⁶”)" }, { "text": "un- + vigintillion (“10⁶³”) → unvigintillion (“10⁶⁶”)" } ], "glosses": [ "Used to form large numbers as the first in the sequence." ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ʌn/", "tags": [ "Canada", "General-American", "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/an/", "tags": [ "General-Australian" ] }, { "audio": "en-us-un-.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg/En-us-un-.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/En-us-un-.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "-un-" } ], "word": "un-" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.