See in- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "in-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: in-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: in- (sometimes i-, or im- before p, b and m)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "in-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: in-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: in-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "in-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: in-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: in-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "in-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: in-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: in-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "in-",
"3": "ir-",
"4": "il-",
"5": "im-"
},
"expansion": "English: in-, ir-, il-, im-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: in-, ir-, il-, im-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "in-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: in-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: in- (im- before p or b, i- before l, n, or m, and ir- before r)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "n-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: n-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: n- (m- before p, b or m, il- before l, and ir- before r)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "in-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: in-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: in- (im- before p or b, i- before l, and ir- before r)"
}
],
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"1": "la",
"2": "not"
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{
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"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "itc-pro>*ən->un",
"id": "non"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*ən-"
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"expansion": "Proto-Italic *ən-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-",
"4": "",
"5": "not"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zero-grade"
},
"expansion": "zero-grade",
"name": "glossary"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *ən-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”), zero-grade form of the negative particle *ne (“not”). Akin to ne-, nē, nī.",
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{
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"2": "prefix"
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"expansion": "in-",
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"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "in- -is"
}
],
"glosses": [
"un-, non-, not"
],
"id": "en-in--la-prefix-dwGZKdaM",
"links": [
[
"un-",
"un-"
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[
"non-",
"non-"
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[
"not",
"not"
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],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
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"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɪn]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[in]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
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"word": "in-"
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{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "ãn-",
"3": "n-",
"4": "an-"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: ãn-, n-, an-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: ãn-, n-, an-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "en-"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: en-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: en-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "English: in-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: in-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en-"
},
"expansion": "French: en-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: en-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "in-",
"3": "en-"
},
"expansion": "Italian: in-, en-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: in-, en-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "en-"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: en-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: en-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "în-"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: în-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: în-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "en-"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: en-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: en-"
}
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{
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"2": "in"
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"expansion": "",
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"1": "la",
"2": "la>in>preposition",
"id": "in"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
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{
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"1": "la",
"2": "prefix"
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"expansion": "in-",
"name": "head"
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"pos": "prefix",
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{
"examples": [
{
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"type": "example"
}
],
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"Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.",
"in, within, inside"
],
"id": "en-in--la-prefix-UWIv4sgx",
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[
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"in"
],
[
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"within"
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[
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"inside"
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{
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"word": "ind-"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"word": "indu-"
}
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"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "in- + gradior (“step, go”) → ingredior (“go into, enter”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "in- + nūbō (“marry”) → innūbō (“marry into”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "in- + cadō (“fall”) → incidō (“fall into, fall upon”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "in- + pangō (“set, fix, settle, fasten”) → impingō (“fasten upon, dash against, strike against”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "in- + flīgō (“strike”) → īnflīgō (“strike on, strike against, inflict, impose upon”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "in- + vocō (“call”) → invocō (“call on, call upon, invoke”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.",
"against; into; on, upon; to, towards"
],
"id": "en-in--la-prefix-y3Hp5clE",
"links": [
[
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"against"
],
[
"into",
"into"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"towards",
"towards"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "in- + crepō (“I rattle”) → increpō (“I rattle, rebuke”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.",
"Used as an intensifier."
],
"id": "en-in--la-prefix-pMQ41me~",
"links": [
[
"intensifier",
"Appendix:Glossary#intensifier"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
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{
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{
"_dis": "23 11 7 7 29 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "in- + ārēscō (“I am drying, am growing drier”) → inārēscō (“I start becoming dry, become somewhat dry”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.",
"Attached to inchoative verbs, can express the sense of a change being started or reaching partial completion"
],
"id": "en-in--la-prefix-tjNBc~9X",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɪn]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
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{
"ipa": "[in]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
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"word": "in-"
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{
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"1": "la",
"2": "after"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*énu",
"4": "",
"5": "along, after"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अनु",
"t": "after",
"tr": "ánu-"
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"expansion": "Sanskrit अनु (ánu-, “after”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬥𐬎",
"3": "",
"4": "after; corresponding to"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬎 (anu, “after; corresponding to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎠𐎵𐎺",
"ts": "anuv"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎠𐎵𐎺 (a-nu-v /anuv/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐌽𐌿",
"3": "",
"4": "without"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu, “without”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”). Cognate with Sanskrit अनु (ánu-, “after”), Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬎 (anu, “after; corresponding to”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎵𐎺 (a-nu-v /anuv/), and Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu, “without”) (whose meaning developed “along” > “past” > “without”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix"
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"expansion": "in-",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"after"
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"id": "en-in--la-prefix-85WSOT7w",
"links": [
[
"after",
"after"
]
],
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{
"word": "īn-"
},
{
"word": "ī-"
}
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],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɪn]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
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{
"ipa": "[in]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "in-"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prefixes",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "in- -is"
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],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "in-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: in-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: in- (sometimes i-, or im- before p, b and m)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "in-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: in-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: in-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "in-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: in-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: in-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "in-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: in-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: in-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "in-",
"3": "ir-",
"4": "il-",
"5": "im-"
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"expansion": "English: in-, ir-, il-, im-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: in-, ir-, il-, im-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "in-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: in-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: in- (im- before p or b, i- before l, n, or m, and ir- before r)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "n-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: n-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: n- (m- before p, b or m, il- before l, and ir- before r)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "in-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: in-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: in- (im- before p or b, i- before l, and ir- before r)"
}
],
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"2": "not"
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"name": "etymid"
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"2": "inh",
"3": "itc-pro>*ən->un",
"id": "non"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*ən-"
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"expansion": "Proto-Italic *ən-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-",
"4": "",
"5": "not"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zero-grade"
},
"expansion": "zero-grade",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *ən-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”), zero-grade form of the negative particle *ne (“not”). Akin to ne-, nē, nī.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "in-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"un-, non-, not"
],
"links": [
[
"un-",
"un-"
],
[
"non-",
"non-"
],
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
}
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"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[in]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "in-"
}
{
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"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prefixes",
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"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "ãn-",
"3": "n-",
"4": "an-"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: ãn-, n-, an-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: ãn-, n-, an-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "en-"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: en-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: en-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "English: in-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: in-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en-"
},
"expansion": "French: en-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: en-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "in-",
"3": "en-"
},
"expansion": "Italian: in-, en-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: in-, en-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "en-"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: en-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: en-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "în-"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: în-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: în-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "en-"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: en-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: en-"
}
],
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"1": "la",
"2": "in"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
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"1": "la",
"2": "la>in>preposition",
"id": "in"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
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"pos": "prefix",
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{
"examples": [
{
"text": "in- + hālō (“breathe”) → inhālō (“breathe in, inhale”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.",
"in, within, inside"
],
"links": [
[
"in",
"in"
],
[
"within",
"within"
],
[
"inside",
"inside"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "in- + gradior (“step, go”) → ingredior (“go into, enter”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "in- + nūbō (“marry”) → innūbō (“marry into”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "in- + cadō (“fall”) → incidō (“fall into, fall upon”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "in- + pangō (“set, fix, settle, fasten”) → impingō (“fasten upon, dash against, strike against”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "in- + flīgō (“strike”) → īnflīgō (“strike on, strike against, inflict, impose upon”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "in- + vocō (“call”) → invocō (“call on, call upon, invoke”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.",
"against; into; on, upon; to, towards"
],
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
],
[
"into",
"into"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"towards",
"towards"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "in- + crepō (“I rattle”) → increpō (“I rattle, rebuke”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.",
"Used as an intensifier."
],
"links": [
[
"intensifier",
"Appendix:Glossary#intensifier"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "in- + ārēscō (“I am drying, am growing drier”) → inārēscō (“I start becoming dry, become somewhat dry”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.",
"Attached to inchoative verbs, can express the sense of a change being started or reaching partial completion"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɪn]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[in]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ind-"
},
{
"word": "indu-"
}
],
"word": "in-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prefixes",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "after"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*énu",
"4": "",
"5": "along, after"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अनु",
"t": "after",
"tr": "ánu-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अनु (ánu-, “after”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬥𐬎",
"3": "",
"4": "after; corresponding to"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬎 (anu, “after; corresponding to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎠𐎵𐎺",
"ts": "anuv"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎠𐎵𐎺 (a-nu-v /anuv/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐌽𐌿",
"3": "",
"4": "without"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu, “without”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”). Cognate with Sanskrit अनु (ánu-, “after”), Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬎 (anu, “after; corresponding to”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎵𐎺 (a-nu-v /anuv/), and Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu, “without”) (whose meaning developed “along” > “past” > “without”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "in-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"after"
],
"links": [
[
"after",
"after"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɪn]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/in/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[in]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "īn-"
},
{
"word": "ī-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "in-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for in- meaning in Latin (9.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.