"in-" meaning in Latin

See in- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Prefix

IPA: /in/ [Classical], [ɪn] [Classical], /in/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [in] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: table From Proto-Italic *ən-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”), zero-grade form of the negative particle *ne (“not”). Akin to ne-, nē, nī. Etymology templates: {{etymid|la|not}} table, {{inh|la|itc-pro|*ən-}} Proto-Italic *ən-, {{inh|la|ine-pro|*n̥-||not}} Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”), {{glossary|zero-grade}} zero-grade, {{m|ine-pro|*ne||not}} *ne (“not”), {{m|la|ne-}} ne-, {{m|la|nē}} nē, {{m|la|nī}} nī Head templates: {{head|la|prefix}} in-
  1. un-, non-, not Tags: morpheme Derived forms: in- -is
    Sense id: en-in--la-prefix-dwGZKdaM
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Prefix

IPA: /in/ [Classical], [ɪn] [Classical], /in/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [in] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: table Prefixation of the preposition in. Etymology templates: {{etymid|la|in}} table, {{m|la|in}} in Head templates: {{head|la|prefix}} in-
  1. Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.
    in, within, inside
    Tags: morpheme Synonyms: ind-, indu-
    Sense id: en-in--la-prefix-UWIv4sgx
  2. Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.
    into, upon, on, against
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-in--la-prefix-e5k0wNtK
  3. Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.
    Used as an intensifier.
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-in--la-prefix-pMQ41me~
  4. Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.
    Attached to inchoative verbs, can express the sense of a change being started or reaching partial completion
    Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-in--la-prefix-tjNBc~9X Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 16 21 13 13 35 2
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Prefix

IPA: /in/ [Classical], [ɪn] [Classical], /in/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [in] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: table From Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”). Cognate with Sanskrit अनु (ánu-, “after”), Avestan ⁧𐬀𐬥𐬎⁩ (anu, “after; corresponding to”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎵𐎺 (a-nu-v /⁠anuv⁠/), and Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu, “without”) (whose meaning developed “along” > “past” > “without”). Etymology templates: {{etymid|la|after}} table, {{inh|la|ine-pro|*énu||along, after}} Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”), {{cog|sa|अनु|t=after|tr=ánu-}} Sanskrit अनु (ánu-, “after”), {{cog|ae|𐬀𐬥𐬎||after; corresponding to}} Avestan ⁧𐬀𐬥𐬎⁩ (anu, “after; corresponding to”), {{cog|peo|𐎠𐎵𐎺|ts=anuv}} Old Persian 𐎠𐎵𐎺 (a-nu-v /⁠anuv⁠/), {{,}} ,, {{cog|got|𐌹𐌽𐌿||without}} Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu, “without”) Head templates: {{head|la|prefix}} in-
  1. after Tags: morpheme Synonyms: īn-, ī-
    Sense id: en-in--la-prefix-85WSOT7w
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for in- meaning in Latin (9.7kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "in-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: in-",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "i-"
          },
          "expansion": "i-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "im-"
          },
          "expansion": "im-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: in- (sometimes i-, or im- before p, b and m)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "in-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: in-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: in-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "in-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: in-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: in-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "in-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: in-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: in-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "in-",
            "3": "ir-",
            "4": "il-",
            "5": "im-"
          },
          "expansion": "English: in-, ir-, il-, im-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: in-, ir-, il-, im-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "in-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: in-",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "im-"
          },
          "expansion": "im-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "i-"
          },
          "expansion": "i-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "ir-"
          },
          "expansion": "ir-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: in- (im- before p or b, i- before l, n, or m, and ir- before r)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "n-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Sicilian: n-",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "m-"
          },
          "expansion": "m-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "il-"
          },
          "expansion": "il-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "ir-"
          },
          "expansion": "ir-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Sicilian: n- (m- before p, b or m, il- before l, and ir- before r)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "in-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: in-",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "im-"
          },
          "expansion": "im-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "i-"
          },
          "expansion": "i-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "ir-"
          },
          "expansion": "ir-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: in- (im- before p or b, i- before l, and ir- before r)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "not"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*ən-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *ən-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*n̥-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "not"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zero-grade"
      },
      "expansion": "zero-grade",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ne",
        "3": "",
        "4": "not"
      },
      "expansion": "*ne (“not”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ne-"
      },
      "expansion": "ne-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "nē"
      },
      "expansion": "nē",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "nī"
      },
      "expansion": "nī",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nFrom Proto-Italic *ən-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”), zero-grade form of the negative particle *ne (“not”). Akin to ne-, nē, nī.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "in-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "in- -is"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "un-, non-, not"
      ],
      "id": "en-in--la-prefix-dwGZKdaM",
      "links": [
        [
          "un-",
          "un-"
        ],
        [
          "non-",
          "non-"
        ],
        [
          "not",
          "not"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/in/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɪn]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/in/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[in]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "in-"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "ãn-",
            "3": "n-",
            "4": "an-"
          },
          "expansion": "Aromanian: ãn-, n-, an-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aromanian: ãn-, n-, an-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "en-"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: en-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: en-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "in-"
          },
          "expansion": "English: in-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: in-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "en-"
          },
          "expansion": "French: en-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: en-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "in-",
            "3": "en-"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: in-, en-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: in-, en-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "en-"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: en-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: en-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "în-"
          },
          "expansion": "Romanian: în-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romanian: în-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "en-"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: en-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: en-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "in"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "in"
      },
      "expansion": "in",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nPrefixation of the preposition in.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "in-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "in- + hālō (“breathe”) → inhālō (“breathe in, inhale”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.",
        "in, within, inside"
      ],
      "id": "en-in--la-prefix-UWIv4sgx",
      "links": [
        [
          "in",
          "in"
        ],
        [
          "within",
          "within"
        ],
        [
          "inside",
          "inside"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "word": "ind-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "word": "indu-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "in- + gradior (“step, go”) → ingredior (“go into, enter”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "in- + nūbō (“marry”) → innūbō (“marry into”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "in- + cadō (“fall”) → incidō (“fall into, fall upon”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "in- + pangō (“set, fix, settle, fasten”) → impingō (“fasten upon, dash against, strike against”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "in- + flīgō (“strike”) → īnflīgō (“strike on, strike against, inflict, impose upon”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "in- + vocō (“call”) → invocō (“call on, call upon, invoke”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.",
        "into, upon, on, against"
      ],
      "id": "en-in--la-prefix-e5k0wNtK",
      "links": [
        [
          "into",
          "into"
        ],
        [
          "upon",
          "upon"
        ],
        [
          "on",
          "on"
        ],
        [
          "against",
          "against"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "in- + crepō (“I rattle”) → increpō (“I rattle, rebuke”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.",
        "Used as an intensifier."
      ],
      "id": "en-in--la-prefix-pMQ41me~",
      "links": [
        [
          "intensifier",
          "Appendix:Glossary#intensifier"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 21 13 13 35 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "in- + ārēscō (“I am drying, am growing drier”) → inārēscō (“I start becoming dry, become somewhat dry”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.",
        "Attached to inchoative verbs, can express the sense of a change being started or reaching partial completion"
      ],
      "id": "en-in--la-prefix-tjNBc~9X",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/in/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɪn]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/in/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[in]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "in-"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "after"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*énu",
        "4": "",
        "5": "along, after"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "अनु",
        "t": "after",
        "tr": "ánu-"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit अनु (ánu-, “after”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬀𐬥𐬎",
        "3": "",
        "4": "after; corresponding to"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan ⁧𐬀𐬥𐬎⁩ (anu, “after; corresponding to”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "2": "𐎠𐎵𐎺",
        "ts": "anuv"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian 𐎠𐎵𐎺 (a-nu-v /⁠anuv⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": ",",
      "name": ","
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌹𐌽𐌿",
        "3": "",
        "4": "without"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu, “without”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nFrom Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”). Cognate with Sanskrit अनु (ánu-, “after”), Avestan ⁧𐬀𐬥𐬎⁩ (anu, “after; corresponding to”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎵𐎺 (a-nu-v /⁠anuv⁠/), and Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu, “without”) (whose meaning developed “along” > “past” > “without”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "in-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "after"
      ],
      "id": "en-in--la-prefix-85WSOT7w",
      "links": [
        [
          "after",
          "after"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "īn-"
        },
        {
          "word": "ī-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/in/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɪn]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/in/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[in]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "in-"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 1-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin prefixes",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "in- -is"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "in-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: in-",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "i-"
          },
          "expansion": "i-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "im-"
          },
          "expansion": "im-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: in- (sometimes i-, or im- before p, b and m)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "in-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: in-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: in-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "in-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: in-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: in-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "in-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: in-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: in-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "in-",
            "3": "ir-",
            "4": "il-",
            "5": "im-"
          },
          "expansion": "English: in-, ir-, il-, im-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: in-, ir-, il-, im-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "in-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: in-",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "im-"
          },
          "expansion": "im-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "i-"
          },
          "expansion": "i-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "ir-"
          },
          "expansion": "ir-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: in- (im- before p or b, i- before l, n, or m, and ir- before r)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "n-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Sicilian: n-",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "m-"
          },
          "expansion": "m-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "il-"
          },
          "expansion": "il-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "ir-"
          },
          "expansion": "ir-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Sicilian: n- (m- before p, b or m, il- before l, and ir- before r)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "in-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: in-",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "im-"
          },
          "expansion": "im-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "i-"
          },
          "expansion": "i-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "ir-"
          },
          "expansion": "ir-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: in- (im- before p or b, i- before l, and ir- before r)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "not"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*ən-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *ən-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*n̥-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "not"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zero-grade"
      },
      "expansion": "zero-grade",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ne",
        "3": "",
        "4": "not"
      },
      "expansion": "*ne (“not”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ne-"
      },
      "expansion": "ne-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "nē"
      },
      "expansion": "nē",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "nī"
      },
      "expansion": "nī",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nFrom Proto-Italic *ən-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”), zero-grade form of the negative particle *ne (“not”). Akin to ne-, nē, nī.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "in-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "un-, non-, not"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "un-",
          "un-"
        ],
        [
          "non-",
          "non-"
        ],
        [
          "not",
          "not"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/in/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɪn]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/in/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[in]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "in-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 1-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin prefixes",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "ãn-",
            "3": "n-",
            "4": "an-"
          },
          "expansion": "Aromanian: ãn-, n-, an-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aromanian: ãn-, n-, an-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "en-"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: en-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: en-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "in-"
          },
          "expansion": "English: in-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: in-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "en-"
          },
          "expansion": "French: en-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: en-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "in-",
            "3": "en-"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: in-, en-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: in-, en-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "en-"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: en-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: en-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "în-"
          },
          "expansion": "Romanian: în-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romanian: în-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "en-"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: en-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: en-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "in"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "in"
      },
      "expansion": "in",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nPrefixation of the preposition in.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "in-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "in- + hālō (“breathe”) → inhālō (“breathe in, inhale”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.",
        "in, within, inside"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in",
          "in"
        ],
        [
          "within",
          "within"
        ],
        [
          "inside",
          "inside"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "in- + gradior (“step, go”) → ingredior (“go into, enter”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "in- + nūbō (“marry”) → innūbō (“marry into”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "in- + cadō (“fall”) → incidō (“fall into, fall upon”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "in- + pangō (“set, fix, settle, fasten”) → impingō (“fasten upon, dash against, strike against”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "in- + flīgō (“strike”) → īnflīgō (“strike on, strike against, inflict, impose upon”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "in- + vocō (“call”) → invocō (“call on, call upon, invoke”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.",
        "into, upon, on, against"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "into",
          "into"
        ],
        [
          "upon",
          "upon"
        ],
        [
          "on",
          "on"
        ],
        [
          "against",
          "against"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "in- + crepō (“I rattle”) → increpō (“I rattle, rebuke”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.",
        "Used as an intensifier."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "intensifier",
          "Appendix:Glossary#intensifier"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "in- + ārēscō (“I am drying, am growing drier”) → inārēscō (“I start becoming dry, become somewhat dry”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Prepositional prefix, generally attached to verbs to derive new verbs with a range of meanings.",
        "Attached to inchoative verbs, can express the sense of a change being started or reaching partial completion"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/in/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɪn]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/in/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[in]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ind-"
    },
    {
      "word": "indu-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "in-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 1-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin prefixes",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "after"
      },
      "expansion": "table",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*énu",
        "4": "",
        "5": "along, after"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "अनु",
        "t": "after",
        "tr": "ánu-"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit अनु (ánu-, “after”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬀𐬥𐬎",
        "3": "",
        "4": "after; corresponding to"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan ⁧𐬀𐬥𐬎⁩ (anu, “after; corresponding to”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "2": "𐎠𐎵𐎺",
        "ts": "anuv"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian 𐎠𐎵𐎺 (a-nu-v /⁠anuv⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": ",",
      "name": ","
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌹𐌽𐌿",
        "3": "",
        "4": "without"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu, “without”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "table\nFrom Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”). Cognate with Sanskrit अनु (ánu-, “after”), Avestan ⁧𐬀𐬥𐬎⁩ (anu, “after; corresponding to”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎵𐎺 (a-nu-v /⁠anuv⁠/), and Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu, “without”) (whose meaning developed “along” > “past” > “without”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "in-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "after"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "after",
          "after"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/in/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɪn]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/in/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[in]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "īn-"
    },
    {
      "word": "ī-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "in-"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.