See a- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"2": "er-"
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"etymology_text": "From Middle English a- (“up, out, away”), from Old English ā-, originally *ar-, *or-, from Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out-”), from Proto-Indo-European *uds- (“up, out”). Cognate with Old Saxon a-, German er-.",
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"text": "arise, await",
"type": "example"
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"Forming verbs with the sense away, up, on, out."
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"(no longer productive) Forming verbs with the sense away, up, on, out."
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"text": "abide, amaze",
"type": "example"
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"Forming verbs with the sense of intensified action."
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"(no longer productive) Forming verbs with the sense of intensified action."
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"text": "aglow, apace, afire, aboil, a-bling, abluster",
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"text": "asunder",
"type": "example"
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"In, into. Also passing into sense 5."
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"(no longer productive) In, into. Also passing into sense 5."
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"text": "astern, abeam",
"type": "example"
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"In the direction of, or toward."
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"text": "Come a-morning we are going hunting.",
"type": "example"
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"At such a time."
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"(archaic or dialectal) At such a time."
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{
"text": "hits a-poppin",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "doins a-transpirin [doings a-transpiring]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1777, Thomas Arne, A-Hunting We Will Go:",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1780, The Twelve Days of Christmas",
"text": "The twelfth day of Christmas,\nMy true love sent to me\nTwelve lords a-leaping,\n…\nEight maids a-milking,\nSeven swans a-swimming,\nSix geese a-laying,"
},
{
"text": "circa 1850, Here We Come A-wassailing/Here We Come A-caroling\nHere we come a-wassailing\nAmong the leaves so green;\nHere we come a-wand’ring\nSo fair to be seen."
},
{
"ref": "1939, Alfred Edward Housman, Additional Poems, XIII, lines 6-7:",
"text": "Oh waste no words a-wooing\nThe soft sleep to your bed;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1964, Bob Dylan, \"The Times They Are a-Changin' \" (recorded 1963, released 1964)",
"text": "The order is rapidly fadin'\nAnd the first one now will later be last\nFor the times they are a-changin'"
},
{
"ref": "circa 1970, bumper sticker",
"text": "If the van’s a-rockin’, don’t come a-knockin’."
}
],
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"In the act or process of. Used in some dialects before a present participle."
],
"id": "en-a--en-prefix-en:doing",
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"(archaic or dialectal) In the act or process of. Used in some dialects before a present participle."
],
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a-, a variant form of y-, from Old English ġe-, from Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”).",
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"text": "aware, alike",
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"text": "I have a-gone.",
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"text": "I have a-seen a bird.",
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"2": "la",
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"text": "abash",
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"Forming words with the sense of wholly, or utterly out."
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"(no longer productive) Forming words with the sense of wholly, or utterly out."
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"examples": [
{
"text": "amoral, asymmetry, atheism, asexual, acyclic, atypical",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1948 (revised 1952), Robert Graves, The White Goddess, Faber & Faber 1999, page 7",
"text": "When invited to believe in the Chimaera, the horse-centaurs, or the winged horse Pegasus, all of them straightforward Pelasgian cult-symbols, a philosopher felt bound to reject them as a-zoölogical improbabilities …."
},
{
"ref": "2012, Faramerz Dabhoiwala, The Origins of Sex, Penguin, published 2013, page 191:",
"text": "If aroused outside the proper outlet of marriage, [female lust] could range out of control, turning its possessor into an a-feminine monster: that is what happened to fallen women.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"Not, without, opposite of."
],
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[
"Not",
"not"
]
],
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"en:not"
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"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "an-"
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{
"sense": "not",
"word": "dys-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "i-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "il-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "im-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "ir-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "non-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "un-"
}
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"tags": [
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"translations": [
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "а-"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "an-"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-a-(2).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/En-us-a-%282%29.ogg/En-us-a-%282%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/En-us-a-%282%29.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French a-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad",
"t": "towards"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad (“towards”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a-, from Middle French a-, from Latin ad (“towards”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ascend, aspire, amass, abandon, avenue",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Towards; Used to indicate direction, reduction to, increase to, change into, or motion."
],
"id": "en-a--en-prefix-en:towards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Towards; Used to indicate direction, reduction to, increase to, change into, or motion."
],
"senseid": [
"en:towards"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab",
"t": "of, off, from, away"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab (“of, off, from, away”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ab (“of, off, from, away”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "avert, aperient, abridge, assoil, assoilzie",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Away from."
],
"id": "en-a--en-prefix-en:away",
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Away from."
],
"senseid": [
"en:away"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 8,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "preposition",
"2": "of"
},
"expansion": "(preposition, of)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a-, o- (“of”). See a (preposition, of).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "anew, afresh, athirst",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, from."
],
"id": "en-a--en-prefix-en:of",
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Of, from."
],
"senseid": [
"en:of"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 9,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "empty syllable added to songs, poetry, verse and other speech",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A-tisket a-tasket,\nA green and yellow basket",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -a (“empty syllable added to songs, poetry, verse and other speech”)"
],
"id": "en-a--en-prefix-en:emptysyllable",
"links": [
[
"-a",
"-a#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:emptysyllable"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 10,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 5 5 2 0 16 9 1 5 17 5 4 4 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a-be, a-going",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Let that choilt a-be, wilt ta. ― Let that child alone, will you.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as a prefix to verbs in the sense of remaining in the same condition. Actively doing something."
],
"id": "en-a--en-prefix-en:unchanged",
"qualifier": "Chester",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Chester) Used as a prefix to verbs in the sense of remaining in the same condition. Actively doing something."
],
"senseid": [
"en:unchanged"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-",
"t": "up, out, away"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a- (“up, out, away”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ā-"
},
"expansion": "Old English ā-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*uʀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-",
"t": "out-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out-”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*uds-",
"t": "up, out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *uds- (“up, out”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon a-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "er-"
},
"expansion": "German er-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a- (“up, out, away”), from Old English ā-, originally *ar-, *or-, from Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out-”), from Proto-Indo-European *uds- (“up, out”). Cognate with Old Saxon a-, German er-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "arise, await",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming verbs with the sense away, up, on, out."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Forming verbs with the sense away, up, on, out."
],
"senseid": [
"en:up"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "abide, amaze",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming verbs with the sense of intensified action."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Forming verbs with the sense of intensified action."
],
"senseid": [
"en:asthough"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-a-(1).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-",
"t": "on"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a- (“on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "an",
"t": "on"
},
"expansion": "Middle English an (“on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "an",
"t": "on"
},
"expansion": "Old English an (“on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "preposition",
"2": "on, to, in, etc."
},
"expansion": "(preposition, on, to, in, etc.)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* From Middle English a- (“on”), derived from unstressed Middle English an (“on”), from Old English an (“on”).\n* See a (preposition, on, to, in, etc.)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "aglow, apace, afire, aboil, a-bling, abluster",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In, on, at; used to show a state, condition, or manner. Also passing into sense 2."
],
"links": [
[
"In",
"in"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare or no longer productive) In, on, at; used to show a state, condition, or manner. Also passing into sense 2."
],
"senseid": [
"en:having"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "asunder",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In, into. Also passing into sense 5."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) In, into. Also passing into sense 5."
],
"senseid": [
"en:into"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "astern, abeam",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the direction of, or toward."
],
"links": [
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:toward"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Come a-morning we are going hunting.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"At such a time."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or dialectal) At such a time."
],
"senseid": [
"en:this"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "hits a-poppin",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "doins a-transpirin [doings a-transpiring]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1777, Thomas Arne, A-Hunting We Will Go:",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1780, The Twelve Days of Christmas",
"text": "The twelfth day of Christmas,\nMy true love sent to me\nTwelve lords a-leaping,\n…\nEight maids a-milking,\nSeven swans a-swimming,\nSix geese a-laying,"
},
{
"text": "circa 1850, Here We Come A-wassailing/Here We Come A-caroling\nHere we come a-wassailing\nAmong the leaves so green;\nHere we come a-wand’ring\nSo fair to be seen."
},
{
"ref": "1939, Alfred Edward Housman, Additional Poems, XIII, lines 6-7:",
"text": "Oh waste no words a-wooing\nThe soft sleep to your bed;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1964, Bob Dylan, \"The Times They Are a-Changin' \" (recorded 1963, released 1964)",
"text": "The order is rapidly fadin'\nAnd the first one now will later be last\nFor the times they are a-changin'"
},
{
"ref": "circa 1970, bumper sticker",
"text": "If the van’s a-rockin’, don’t come a-knockin’."
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the act or process of. Used in some dialects before a present participle."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or dialectal) In the act or process of. Used in some dialects before a present participle."
],
"senseid": [
"en:doing"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-a-(1).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ge"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġe-"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġe-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ga-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm",
"t": "with"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a-, a variant form of y-, from Old English ġe-, from Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(archaic and dialectal) In dialect, it is sometimes conflated with sense 5 of the previous definition, and is used as a general indicator of a participle",
"word": "y-"
}
],
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "aware, alike",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of y- (archaic and dialectal) In dialect, it is sometimes conflated with sense 5 of the previous definition, and is used as a general indicator of a participle."
],
"links": [
[
"y-",
"y-#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:participle"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Devonian English",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I have a-gone.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I have a-seen a bird.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the past participle of a verb."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Devon) Used to form the past participle of a verb."
],
"senseid": [
"en:pastparticiple"
],
"tags": [
"Devon",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-a-(1).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "i-"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman a-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "fro",
"3": "e-"
},
"expansion": "Old French e-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ex-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ex-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman a-, from Old French e-, from Latin ex-.",
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{
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"sort": ""
},
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{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "abash",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming words with the sense of wholly, or utterly out."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Forming words with the sense of wholly, or utterly out."
],
"senseid": [
"en:fully"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ə/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-a-(1).ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-us-a-%281%29.ogg"
}
],
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}
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"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
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"name": "etymid"
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"2": "grc",
"3": "ἀ-"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
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{
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"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
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{
"text": "amoral, asymmetry, atheism, asexual, acyclic, atypical",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1948 (revised 1952), Robert Graves, The White Goddess, Faber & Faber 1999, page 7",
"text": "When invited to believe in the Chimaera, the horse-centaurs, or the winged horse Pegasus, all of them straightforward Pelasgian cult-symbols, a philosopher felt bound to reject them as a-zoölogical improbabilities …."
},
{
"ref": "2012, Faramerz Dabhoiwala, The Origins of Sex, Penguin, published 2013, page 191:",
"text": "If aroused outside the proper outlet of marriage, [female lust] could range out of control, turning its possessor into an a-feminine monster: that is what happened to fallen women.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not, without, opposite of."
],
"links": [
[
"Not",
"not"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:not"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-a-(2).ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/En-us-a-%282%29.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"tags": [
"Philippines"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "an-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "dys-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "i-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "il-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "im-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "in-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "ir-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "non-"
},
{
"sense": "not",
"word": "un-"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "а-"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not, without, opposite of",
"word": "an-"
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French a-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad",
"t": "towards"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad (“towards”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
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{
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"head": "",
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"lang_code": "en",
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],
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{
"text": "ascend, aspire, amass, abandon, avenue",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"Towards; Used to indicate direction, reduction to, increase to, change into, or motion."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Towards; Used to indicate direction, reduction to, increase to, change into, or motion."
],
"senseid": [
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],
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"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
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"English lemmas",
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"etymology_number": 7,
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{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "ab",
"t": "of, off, from, away"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab (“of, off, from, away”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
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{
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"lang_code": "en",
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"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "avert, aperient, abridge, assoil, assoilzie",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Away from."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Away from."
],
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"en:away"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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}
{
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"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 8,
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"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "a-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English a-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "preposition",
"2": "of"
},
"expansion": "(preposition, of)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English a-, o- (“of”). See a (preposition, of).",
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{
"args": {
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"head": "",
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},
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"lang_code": "en",
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"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "anew, afresh, athirst",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"Of, from."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Of, from."
],
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"en:of"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
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"English lemmas",
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"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages with 47 entries",
"Pages with entries"
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"etymology_number": 9,
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"args": {},
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "empty syllable added to songs, poetry, verse and other speech",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A-tisket a-tasket,\nA green and yellow basket",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -a (“empty syllable added to songs, poetry, verse and other speech”)"
],
"links": [
[
"-a",
"-a#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:emptysyllable"
],
"tags": [
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"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
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"English prefixes",
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"Pages with 47 entries",
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],
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "a-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "a-",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a-be, a-going",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Let that choilt a-be, wilt ta. ― Let that child alone, will you.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as a prefix to verbs in the sense of remaining in the same condition. Actively doing something."
],
"qualifier": "Chester",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Chester) Used as a prefix to verbs in the sense of remaining in the same condition. Actively doing something."
],
"senseid": [
"en:unchanged"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "a-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for a- meaning in English (21.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.