"a-" meaning in Portuguese

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "roa-opt",
        "3": "a-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese a-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ad-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ad-",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese a-, from Latin ad-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "a-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "47 52 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a- + vermelho (“red”) + -ar → avermelhar (“to redden”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "a- + baixo (“low”) + -ar → abaixar (“to lower”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "added to adjective X, forms verbs meaning to make/turn X"
      ],
      "id": "en-a--pt-prefix-C5J-nkfM",
      "links": [
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "47 52 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a- + pavor (“dread”) + -ar → apavorar (“to frighten”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "a- + fama (“fame”) + -ar → afamar (“to make famous”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "added to noun X, forms verbs meaning to cause or make X or to cause something to have X"
      ],
      "id": "en-a--pt-prefix-8MlcBGow",
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌa/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Portugal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "A"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "a"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "à"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "há"
    }
  ],
  "word": "a-"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ἀ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ἀ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*n̥-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "a-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a- (not; without)"
      ],
      "id": "en-a--pt-prefix-IxorGdE2",
      "links": [
        [
          "a-",
          "a-#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "in-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌa/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Portugal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "A"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "a"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "à"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "há"
    }
  ],
  "word": "a-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Portuguese 1-syllable words",
    "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Portuguese lemmas",
    "Portuguese prefixes",
    "Portuguese terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
    "Portuguese terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
    "Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
    "Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
    "Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
    "Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Portuguese terms with homophones"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "roa-opt",
        "3": "a-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese a-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ad-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ad-",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese a-, from Latin ad-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "a-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a- + vermelho (“red”) + -ar → avermelhar (“to redden”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "a- + baixo (“low”) + -ar → abaixar (“to lower”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "added to adjective X, forms verbs meaning to make/turn X"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a- + pavor (“dread”) + -ar → apavorar (“to frighten”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "a- + fama (“fame”) + -ar → afamar (“to make famous”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "added to noun X, forms verbs meaning to cause or make X or to cause something to have X"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌa/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Portugal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "A"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "a"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "à"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "há"
    }
  ],
  "word": "a-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Portuguese 1-syllable words",
    "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Portuguese lemmas",
    "Portuguese prefixes",
    "Portuguese terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
    "Portuguese terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Portuguese terms with homophones"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ἀ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ἀ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*n̥-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "a-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a- (not; without)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "a-",
          "a-#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "in-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌa/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Portugal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "A"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "a"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "à"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "há"
    }
  ],
  "word": "a-"
}