See ἀ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "α-",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "> Greek: α- (a-) (inherited)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "> Greek: α- (a-) (inherited)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "a-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: a-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: a-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pnt",
"2": "α-"
},
"expansion": "Pontic Greek: α- (a-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pontic Greek: α- (a-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "ა- -ე",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Laz: ა- -ე (a- -e)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Laz: ა- -ე (a- -e)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*ə-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *ə-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "English un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Latin in-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अ-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अ- (a-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish in-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "ան-"
},
"expansion": "Armenian ան- (an-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "e-"
},
"expansion": "Albanian e-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *ə-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-. The form ἀν- (an-) appears when followed by a laryngeal and a vowel: that is, in an open syllable of the n̥HV- form. Akin to νη- (nē-), νᾱ- (nā-) and νω- (nō-), which are closed-syllable reflexes of the n̥h₁C-, n̥h₂C-, n̥h₃C- forms, respectively.\nCognate with Old English and English un-, Latin in-, Sanskrit अ- (a-), Old Irish in-, an-, Armenian ան- (an-), and Albanian e-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᾰ̓-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "ᾰ̓-"
},
"expansion": "ᾰ̓- • (a-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 11 10 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 8 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 3 6 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The alpha privativum, used to make words that have a sense opposite to the word (or stem) to which the prefix is attached. It is also known as privative a and alpha privative; a-, ab-, an-, anti-, contra-, de-, dis-, ex-, il-, im-, in-, ob-, ne-, non-, not, un-"
],
"id": "en-ἀ--grc-prefix-jR9vcNcB",
"links": [
[
"alpha privativum",
"alpha privativum#English"
],
[
"opposite",
"opposite#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
],
[
"privative a",
"privative a#English"
],
[
"alpha privative",
"alpha privative#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "an-",
"tags": [
"before-vowel"
],
"word": "ἀν-"
},
{
"roman": "nē-",
"word": "νη-"
},
{
"roman": "nā-",
"word": "νᾱ-"
},
{
"roman": "nō-",
"word": "νω- — before a Proto-Indo-European laryngeal and consonant"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "ἀ-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᾰ̓-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "ᾰ̓-"
},
"expansion": "ᾰ̓- • (a-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ha-",
"word": "ἁ-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ἁ- (ha-)"
],
"id": "en-ἀ--grc-prefix-FSu62Bpa",
"links": [
[
"ἁ-",
"ἁ-#Ancient_Greek"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "ἀ-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᾰ̓-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "ᾰ̓-"
},
"expansion": "ᾰ̓- • (a-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The alpha intensivum, used to strengthen the force of compounds."
],
"id": "en-ἀ--grc-prefix--3kgC0zk",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "ἀ-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᾰ̓-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "ᾰ̓-"
},
"expansion": "ᾰ̓- • (a-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The alpha euphonicum, used to soften pronunciation before two consonants."
],
"id": "en-ἀ--grc-prefix-5HyHxAcS",
"links": [
[
"alpha euphonicum",
"alpha euphonicum#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "ἀ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 1-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek links with redundant target parameters",
"Ancient Greek prefixes",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "α-",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "> Greek: α- (a-) (inherited)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "> Greek: α- (a-) (inherited)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "a-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: a-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: a-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pnt",
"2": "α-"
},
"expansion": "Pontic Greek: α- (a-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pontic Greek: α- (a-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "ა- -ე",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Laz: ა- -ე (a- -e)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Laz: ა- -ე (a- -e)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*ə-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *ə-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "un-"
},
"expansion": "English un-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Latin in-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अ-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अ- (a-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "in-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish in-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "ան-"
},
"expansion": "Armenian ան- (an-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "e-"
},
"expansion": "Albanian e-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *ə-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-. The form ἀν- (an-) appears when followed by a laryngeal and a vowel: that is, in an open syllable of the n̥HV- form. Akin to νη- (nē-), νᾱ- (nā-) and νω- (nō-), which are closed-syllable reflexes of the n̥h₁C-, n̥h₂C-, n̥h₃C- forms, respectively.\nCognate with Old English and English un-, Latin in-, Sanskrit अ- (a-), Old Irish in-, an-, Armenian ան- (an-), and Albanian e-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᾰ̓-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "ᾰ̓-"
},
"expansion": "ᾰ̓- • (a-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The alpha privativum, used to make words that have a sense opposite to the word (or stem) to which the prefix is attached. It is also known as privative a and alpha privative; a-, ab-, an-, anti-, contra-, de-, dis-, ex-, il-, im-, in-, ob-, ne-, non-, not, un-"
],
"links": [
[
"alpha privativum",
"alpha privativum#English"
],
[
"opposite",
"opposite#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
],
[
"privative a",
"privative a#English"
],
[
"alpha privative",
"alpha privative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "an-",
"tags": [
"before-vowel"
],
"word": "ἀν-"
},
{
"roman": "nē-",
"word": "νη-"
},
{
"roman": "nā-",
"word": "νᾱ-"
},
{
"roman": "nō-",
"word": "νω- — before a Proto-Indo-European laryngeal and consonant"
}
],
"word": "ἀ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 1-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek prefixes",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᾰ̓-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "ᾰ̓-"
},
"expansion": "ᾰ̓- • (a-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ha-",
"word": "ἁ-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ἁ- (ha-)"
],
"links": [
[
"ἁ-",
"ἁ-#Ancient_Greek"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "ἀ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 1-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek prefixes",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᾰ̓-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "ᾰ̓-"
},
"expansion": "ᾰ̓- • (a-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The alpha intensivum, used to strengthen the force of compounds."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "ἀ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 1-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek prefixes",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᾰ̓-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "a-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "ᾰ̓-"
},
"expansion": "ᾰ̓- • (a-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The alpha euphonicum, used to soften pronunciation before two consonants."
],
"links": [
[
"alpha euphonicum",
"alpha euphonicum#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "ἀ-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ἀ- meaning in Ancient Greek (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.