See mal- on Wiktionary
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{
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{
"word": "in-"
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{
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{
"word": "un-"
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{
"english": "opposite",
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{
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],
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"text": "mal- + alta (“high”) → malalta (“low”)",
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{
"text": "mal- + ami (“to love”) → malami (“to hate”)",
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},
{
"text": "mal- + dekstra (“right”) → maldekstra (“left”)",
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{
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{
"descendants": [
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}
],
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},
{
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{
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],
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},
{
"depth": 1,
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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},
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}
],
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],
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"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/mal-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"eyebrow"
],
"id": "en-mal--cel-pro-noun-D-d6WQ89",
"links": [
[
"eyebrow",
"eyebrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "mal-"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From mal.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "mal-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan prefixes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"poorly, badly"
],
"links": [
[
"poorly",
"poorly"
],
[
"badly",
"badly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "mal-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English undefined derivations",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "mal-"
},
"expansion": "Old French mal-",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French mal- from the Latin adverb male, from malus.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "mal-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mal-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "malism, malinfluence",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, badly",
"evil"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"badly",
"badly"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mis-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "maleffect",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, badly",
"unhealthy, harmful"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"badly",
"badly"
],
[
"unhealthy",
"unhealthy"
],
[
"harmful",
"harmful"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mis-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "malodor",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, badly",
"unpleasant"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"badly",
"badly"
],
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mis-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "maldifferentiation",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, badly",
"incorrect"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"badly",
"badly"
],
[
"incorrect",
"incorrect"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mis-"
},
{
"word": "para-"
},
{
"word": "dis-"
},
{
"word": "dys-"
},
{
"word": "mis-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "maldescent",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, badly",
"incomplete, unfinished"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"badly",
"badly"
],
[
"incomplete",
"incomplete"
],
[
"unfinished",
"unfinished"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mis-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "malfed, malnourished, malcirculation",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, badly",
"poorly, deficiently"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"badly",
"badly"
],
[
"poorly",
"poorly"
],
[
"deficiently",
"deficiently"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mis-"
},
{
"word": "under-"
},
{
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"word": "dys-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "malcommunication",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"unintentional, mistaken, accidental"
],
"links": [
[
"unintentional",
"unintentional"
],
[
"mistaken",
"mistaken"
],
[
"accidental",
"accidental"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mis-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "maladherence, malcontent",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"not"
],
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "a-"
},
{
"word": "an-"
},
{
"word": "dys-"
},
{
"word": "in-"
},
{
"word": "non-"
},
{
"word": "un-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "mal-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "opposite",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "mala"
},
{
"english": "opposite",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "malo"
},
{
"english": "on the contrary",
"word": "male"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "fr",
"3": "mal-"
},
"expansion": "French mal-",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French mal- in its secondary sense of denoting the opposite.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "mal-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "ne-"
},
{
"word": "sen-"
},
{
"word": "kontraŭ-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto 1894 Universala Vortaro",
"Esperanto BRO1",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto lemmas",
"Esperanto prefixes",
"Esperanto terms borrowed from French",
"Esperanto terms derived from French",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Words approved by the Akademio de Esperanto"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "mal- + alta (“high”) → malalta (“low”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mal- + ami (“to love”) → malami (“to hate”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mal- + dekstra (“right”) → maldekstra (“left”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes opposites"
],
"links": [
[
"opposite",
"opposite#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mal/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7-mal-.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-mal-.wav/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-mal-.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-mal-.wav/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-mal-.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "mal-"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French prefixes",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "mal-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French mal-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "mal-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French mal-",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "mal-"
},
"expansion": "Old French mal-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French mal-, from Old French mal-, from mal (“bad; badly”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mal-",
"name": "fr-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "mal- + faisant → malfaisant (“harmful”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"badly; wrongly"
],
"links": [
[
"badly",
"badly"
],
[
"wrongly",
"wrongly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"denotes the opposite of the unprefixed form"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mal/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-mal-.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-mal-.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-mal-.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-mal-.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-mal-.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "mal-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "male",
"4": "",
"5": "badly"
},
"expansion": "Latin male (“badly”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin male (“badly”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "mal-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian prefixes",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"bad; badly"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"badly",
"badly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "mal-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "preposition form"
},
"expansion": "mal-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"Maltese non-lemma forms",
"Maltese preposition forms",
"Maltese terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "with the woman",
"text": "mal-mara"
},
{
"english": "with the idea",
"text": "mal-idea"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ma’ used before vowels or qamri consonants"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite form of ma’ used before vowels or qamri consonants."
],
"links": [
[
"ma’",
"ma'#Maltese"
],
[
"qamri",
"qamri#Maltese"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mal/"
}
],
"word": "mal-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "male",
"4": "",
"5": "badly"
},
"expansion": "Latin male (“badly”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin male (“badly”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "mal-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French prefixes",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"bad; badly"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"badly",
"badly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mes-"
},
{
"word": "mau-"
}
],
"word": "mal-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese prefixes",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "male",
"4": "",
"5": "badly"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin male (“badly”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin male (“badly”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "mal-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bad; badly"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"badly",
"badly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"poorly"
],
"links": [
[
"poorly",
"poorly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"barely, hardly"
],
"links": [
[
"barely",
"barely"
],
[
"hardly",
"hardly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "mal-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "maluen",
"der": "1",
"t": "eyelid"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Breton: maluen (“eyelid”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Breton: maluen (“eyelid”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "malvenn"
},
"expansion": "Breton: malvenn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: malvenn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "malgudenn",
"der": "1",
"t": "eyelash"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Breton: malgudenn (“eyelash”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Breton: malgudenn (“eyelash”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "malae"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: malae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: malae"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "mala"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: mala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: mala"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "mala"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: mala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: mala"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*mal- f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/mal-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"cel-pro:Hair"
],
"glosses": [
"eyebrow"
],
"links": [
[
"eyebrow",
"eyebrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "mal-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "male",
"4": "",
"5": "badly"
},
"expansion": "Latin male (“badly”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin male (“badly”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "mal-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish prefixes",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"bad; badly"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"badly",
"badly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "mal-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mal- meaning in All languages combined (12.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.