See under- on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "over-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "epi-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "sur-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "hyper-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "supra-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "pleo-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "telo-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "per-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "pur-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “subordinate”",
"word": "arch-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "under-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English under-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "under-"
},
"expansion": "Old English under-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*undar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *undar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*under"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *under",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥dʰér",
"t": "lower"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér (“lower”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English under-, from Old English under-, from Proto-West Germanic *undar, from Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér (“lower”) and *n̥tér (“inside”). For more, see under.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 3 32 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 1 32 26 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 0",
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"name": "Pages using catfix",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 2 36 23 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 3 32 16 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 4 37 20 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 3 33 19 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 5 36 18 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 4 31 23 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 4 33 23 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 3 35 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 3 40 17 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underground, underneath, underpass"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Beneath, under"
],
"id": "en-under--en-prefix-cWo7ydMq",
"links": [
[
"Beneath",
"beneath"
],
[
"under",
"under"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "67 0 16 16 0",
"sense": "under",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 0 16 16 0",
"sense": "under",
"word": "sub-"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 0 16 16 0",
"sense": "under",
"word": "infra-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. understand, undergo, underbear, undertake"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To go from one side to the other; to progress along a path"
],
"id": "en-under--en-prefix-zWGNwtQC",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To go from one side to the other; to progress along a path"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 3 39 22 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 1 32 26 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 2 36 23 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 0",
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"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
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},
{
"_dis": "27 1 43 21 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 5 34 24 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 4 37 20 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 3 33 19 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 5 36 18 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 4 31 23 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 5 34 24 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Moroccan Amazigh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 6 37 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 2 48 17 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 4 33 23 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 3 35 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 3 40 17 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 5 38 18 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underadditive, underage, underbound"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Less than, beneath in quantity"
],
"id": "en-under--en-prefix-cDgrjb64",
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "20 13 30 14 22",
"sense": "forming a transitive verb",
"word": "en-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 87 3 2",
"sense": "less than",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 87 3 2",
"sense": "less than",
"word": "olig-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 87 3 2",
"sense": "less than",
"word": "meio-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 1 32 26 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 2 36 23 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 0",
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"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 4 37 20 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 3 33 19 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 5 36 18 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 4 31 23 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 4 33 23 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 3 35 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 3 40 17 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underapply, underbill, underawe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deficient, below what is correct, insufficient"
],
"id": "en-under--en-prefix-tAtAWPnm",
"links": [
[
"Deficient",
"deficient"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "3 3 6 85 3",
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 6 85 3",
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "dys-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 6 85 3",
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "mal-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 4 33 23 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. undersecretary, underling, underclass"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Subordinate to"
],
"id": "en-under--en-prefix-xblbBmCB",
"links": [
[
"Subordinate",
"subordinate"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "7 3 11 8 71",
"sense": "subordinate",
"word": "vice-"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 3 11 8 71",
"sense": "subordinate",
"word": "sub-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tʻer-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "թեր-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "onder"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "sous-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "unter-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "υπο-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "adu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ⴰⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "tadu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ⵜⴰⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "idu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ⵉⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "tidu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ⵜⵉⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "sub-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pod-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "под-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "ru",
"english": "insufficient",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "недо-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "sub-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "infra-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "so-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "sota-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "soto-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pid-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "під-"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 2 35 34 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nedo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "недо-"
}
],
"word": "under-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
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"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "under-",
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],
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"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"under-"
],
"id": "en-under--nb-prefix-13FEGJfF",
"links": [
[
"under-",
"under-#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"word": "under"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sub-"
],
"id": "en-under--nb-prefix-TpKaUKvR",
"links": [
[
"sub-",
"sub-"
]
],
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]
}
],
"word": "under-"
}
{
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{
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"1": "nn",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "under-",
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],
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"pos": "prefix",
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{
"glosses": [
"under-"
],
"id": "en-under--nn-prefix-13FEGJfF",
"links": [
[
"under-",
"under-#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"word": "under"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"word": "undervass-"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "poinn-"
}
],
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
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"id": "en-under--nn-prefix-TpKaUKvR",
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[
"sub-",
"sub-"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*undar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *undar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
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"3": "*under"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *under",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*nter-",
"4": "",
"5": "between, among"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nter- (“between, among”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "under",
"3": "",
"4": "under, beneath"
},
"expansion": "Old English under (“under, beneath”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
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"3": "",
"4": "between, among"
},
"expansion": "Old High German untar (“between, among”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inter",
"3": "",
"4": "between, among"
},
"expansion": "Latin inter (“between, among”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *undar, from Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *nter- (“between, among”), akin to Old English under (“under, beneath”), Old High German untar (“between, among”), Latin inter (“between, among”). More at inter-.",
"head_templates": [
{
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"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
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{
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"expansion": "under-",
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],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to understand (originally 'to stand between', 'be near to both sides')",
"text": "understandan",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to intercept",
"text": "underscēotan",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"between, among"
],
"id": "en-under--ang-prefix-29HWkNKf",
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"between"
],
[
"among",
"among"
]
],
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈun.der/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌun.der/"
}
],
"word": "under-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*undar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *undar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*under"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *under",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ndhero-",
"4": "",
"5": "lower"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ndhero- (“lower”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "under",
"3": "",
"4": "between, among, in the presence of"
},
"expansion": "Old English under (“between, among, in the presence of”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "untar",
"3": "",
"4": "under"
},
"expansion": "Old High German untar (“under”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "infra",
"3": "",
"4": "below, beneath"
},
"expansion": "Latin infra (“below, beneath”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *undar, from Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *ndhero- (“lower”), akin to Old English under (“between, among, in the presence of”), Old High German untar (“under”), Latin infra (“below, beneath”).",
"head_templates": [
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"head": "",
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "under-",
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}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beneath"
],
"id": "en-under--ang-prefix-LzymHH6O",
"links": [
[
"beneath",
"beneath"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 0 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "underling, subordinate",
"text": "underling",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"subordinate to"
],
"id": "en-under--ang-prefix-iaOhfeNf",
"links": [
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "under-"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See under",
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{
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"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"under-"
],
"id": "en-under--sv-prefix-13FEGJfF",
"links": [
[
"under-",
"under-#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"word": "under"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"word": "undervattens-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sub-"
],
"id": "en-under--sv-prefix-TpKaUKvR",
"links": [
[
"sub-",
"sub-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "under-"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "over-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "epi-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "sur-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "hyper-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "supra-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "pleo-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "telo-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "per-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "pur-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “subordinate”",
"word": "arch-"
}
],
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Moroccan Amazigh translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "under-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English under-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "under-"
},
"expansion": "Old English under-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*undar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *undar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*under"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *under",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥dʰér",
"t": "lower"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér (“lower”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English under-, from Old English under-, from Proto-West Germanic *undar, from Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér (“lower”) and *n̥tér (“inside”). For more, see under.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underground, underneath, underpass"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Beneath, under"
],
"links": [
[
"Beneath",
"beneath"
],
[
"under",
"under"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. understand, undergo, underbear, undertake"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To go from one side to the other; to progress along a path"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To go from one side to the other; to progress along a path"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underadditive, underage, underbound"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Less than, beneath in quantity"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underapply, underbill, underawe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deficient, below what is correct, insufficient"
],
"links": [
[
"Deficient",
"deficient"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. undersecretary, underling, underclass"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Subordinate to"
],
"links": [
[
"Subordinate",
"subordinate"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "under",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"sense": "under",
"word": "sub-"
},
{
"sense": "under",
"word": "infra-"
},
{
"sense": "forming a transitive verb",
"word": "en-"
},
{
"sense": "less than",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"sense": "less than",
"word": "olig-"
},
{
"sense": "less than",
"word": "meio-"
},
{
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "dys-"
},
{
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"sense": "subordinate",
"word": "vice-"
},
{
"sense": "subordinate",
"word": "sub-"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tʻer-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "թեր-"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "onder"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "sous-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "unter-"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "υπο-"
},
{
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "adu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ⴰⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "tadu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ⵜⴰⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "idu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ⵉⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "tidu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ⵜⵉⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "sub-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pod-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "под-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "insufficient",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "недо-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "sub-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "infra-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "so-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "sota-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "soto-"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pid-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "під-"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nedo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "недо-"
}
],
"word": "under-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "under"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"under-"
],
"links": [
[
"under-",
"under-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sub-"
],
"links": [
[
"sub-",
"sub-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "under-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "under"
},
{
"word": "undervass-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"under-"
],
"links": [
[
"under-",
"under-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sub-"
],
"links": [
[
"sub-",
"sub-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "poinn-"
}
],
"word": "under-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English prefixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*undar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *undar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*under"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *under",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*nter-",
"4": "",
"5": "between, among"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nter- (“between, among”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "under",
"3": "",
"4": "under, beneath"
},
"expansion": "Old English under (“under, beneath”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "untar",
"3": "",
"4": "between, among"
},
"expansion": "Old High German untar (“between, among”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inter",
"3": "",
"4": "between, among"
},
"expansion": "Latin inter (“between, among”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *undar, from Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *nter- (“between, among”), akin to Old English under (“under, beneath”), Old High German untar (“between, among”), Latin inter (“between, among”). More at inter-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to understand (originally 'to stand between', 'be near to both sides')",
"text": "understandan",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to intercept",
"text": "underscēotan",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"between, among"
],
"links": [
[
"between",
"between"
],
[
"among",
"among"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈun.der/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌun.der/"
}
],
"word": "under-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English prefixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*undar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *undar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*under"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *under",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ndhero-",
"4": "",
"5": "lower"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ndhero- (“lower”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "under",
"3": "",
"4": "between, among, in the presence of"
},
"expansion": "Old English under (“between, among, in the presence of”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "untar",
"3": "",
"4": "under"
},
"expansion": "Old High German untar (“under”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "infra",
"3": "",
"4": "below, beneath"
},
"expansion": "Latin infra (“below, beneath”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *undar, from Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *ndhero- (“lower”), akin to Old English under (“between, among, in the presence of”), Old High German untar (“under”), Latin infra (“below, beneath”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beneath"
],
"links": [
[
"beneath",
"beneath"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "underling, subordinate",
"text": "underling",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"subordinate to"
],
"links": [
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "under-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish prefixes"
],
"etymology_text": "See under",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "under"
},
{
"word": "undervattens-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"under-"
],
"links": [
[
"under-",
"under-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sub-"
],
"links": [
[
"sub-",
"sub-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "under-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for under- meaning in All languages combined (13.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.