See under- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "over-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "epi-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "sur-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "hyper-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "supra-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "pleo-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "telo-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "per-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "pur-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “subordinate”",
"word": "arch-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "under-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English under-",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "under-"
},
"expansion": "Old English under-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*under"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *under",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥dʰér",
"t": "lower"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér (“lower”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English under-, from Old English under-, from Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér (“lower”) and *n̥tér (“inside”). For more, see under.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "head"
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "under-",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 3 32 14 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 2 37 24 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0",
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{
"_dis": "42 3 33 16 6",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 4 37 20 5",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 3 34 19 5",
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},
{
"_dis": "35 5 37 18 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "36 4 32 23 5",
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"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 4 33 23 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 3 36 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underground, underneath, underpass"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Beneath, under"
],
"id": "en-under--en-prefix-cWo7ydMq",
"links": [
[
"Beneath",
"beneath"
],
[
"under",
"under"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "67 0 16 16 0",
"sense": "under",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 0 16 16 0",
"sense": "under",
"word": "sub-"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 0 16 16 0",
"sense": "under",
"word": "infra-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. understand, undergo, underbear, undertake"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To go from one side to the other; to progress along a path"
],
"id": "en-under--en-prefix-zWGNwtQC",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To go from one side to the other; to progress along a path"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 3 40 23 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "31 2 37 24 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0",
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"_dis": "28 1 44 21 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0",
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{
"_dis": "26 5 35 25 10",
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"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 4 37 20 5",
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{
"_dis": "39 3 34 19 5",
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{
"_dis": "35 5 37 18 4",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "36 4 32 23 5",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 5 34 25 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Moroccan Amazigh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 6 37 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 2 49 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 4 33 23 9",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "40 3 36 18 3",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 5 38 19 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underadditive, underage, underbound"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Less than, beneath in quantity"
],
"id": "en-under--en-prefix-cDgrjb64",
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "20 13 30 14 22",
"sense": "forming a transitive verb",
"word": "en-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 87 3 2",
"sense": "less than",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 87 3 2",
"sense": "less than",
"word": "olig-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 87 3 2",
"sense": "less than",
"word": "meio-"
}
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 2 37 24 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "33 4 37 20 5",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "39 3 34 19 5",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 5 37 18 4",
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"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 4 32 23 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 4 33 23 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 3 36 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underapply, underbill, underawe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deficient, below what is correct, insufficient"
],
"id": "en-under--en-prefix-tAtAWPnm",
"links": [
[
"Deficient",
"deficient"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "3 3 6 84 3",
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 6 84 3",
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "dys-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 6 84 3",
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "mal-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. undersecretary, underling, underclass"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Subordinate to"
],
"id": "en-under--en-prefix-xblbBmCB",
"links": [
[
"Subordinate",
"subordinate"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "5 3 9 7 76",
"sense": "subordinate",
"word": "vice-"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 3 9 7 76",
"sense": "subordinate",
"word": "sub-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tʻer-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "թեր-"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "onder"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "sous-"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "unter-"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "υπο-"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "adu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ⴰⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "tadu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ⵜⴰⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "idu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ⵉⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "tidu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ⵜⵉⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "sub-"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pod-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "под-"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "ru",
"english": "insufficient",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "недо-"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pid-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "під-"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 36 36 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nedo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "недо-"
}
],
"word": "under-"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "over-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "epi-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "sur-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "hyper-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "supra-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "pleo-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "telo-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "per-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "pur-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “subordinate”",
"word": "arch-"
}
],
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Moroccan Amazigh translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "under-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English under-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "under-"
},
"expansion": "Old English under-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*under"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *under",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥dʰér",
"t": "lower"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér (“lower”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English under-, from Old English under-, from Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér (“lower”) and *n̥tér (“inside”). For more, see under.",
"head_templates": [
{
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "under-",
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underground, underneath, underpass"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Beneath, under"
],
"links": [
[
"Beneath",
"beneath"
],
[
"under",
"under"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. understand, undergo, underbear, undertake"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To go from one side to the other; to progress along a path"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To go from one side to the other; to progress along a path"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underadditive, underage, underbound"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Less than, beneath in quantity"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underapply, underbill, underawe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deficient, below what is correct, insufficient"
],
"links": [
[
"Deficient",
"deficient"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. undersecretary, underling, underclass"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Subordinate to"
],
"links": [
[
"Subordinate",
"subordinate"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "under",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"sense": "under",
"word": "sub-"
},
{
"sense": "under",
"word": "infra-"
},
{
"sense": "forming a transitive verb",
"word": "en-"
},
{
"sense": "less than",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"sense": "less than",
"word": "olig-"
},
{
"sense": "less than",
"word": "meio-"
},
{
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "dys-"
},
{
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"sense": "subordinate",
"word": "vice-"
},
{
"sense": "subordinate",
"word": "sub-"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tʻer-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "թեր-"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "onder"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "sous-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "unter-"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "υπο-"
},
{
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "adu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ⴰⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "tadu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ⵜⴰⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "idu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ⵉⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "tidu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ⵜⵉⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "sub-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pod-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "под-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "insufficient",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "недо-"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pid-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "під-"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nedo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "недо-"
}
],
"word": "under-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for under- meaning in English (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.