See under- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for under- meaning in English (7.1kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "over-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "epi-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "sur-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "hyper-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "supra-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "pleo-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "telo-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "per-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "pur-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “subordinate”",
"word": "arch-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "under-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English under-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "under-"
},
"expansion": "Old English under-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*under"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *under",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥dʰér",
"t": "lower"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér (“lower”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*n̥tér",
"t": "inside"
},
"expansion": "*n̥tér (“inside”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under"
},
"expansion": "under",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English under-, from Old English under-, from Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér (“lower”) and *n̥tér (“inside”). For more, see under.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underground, underneath, underpass"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Beneath, under"
],
"id": "en-under--en-prefix-cWo7ydMq",
"links": [
[
"Beneath",
"beneath"
],
[
"under",
"under"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "67 0 16 16 0",
"sense": "under",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 0 16 16 0",
"sense": "under",
"word": "sub-"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 0 16 16 0",
"sense": "under",
"word": "infra-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. understand, undergo, underbear, undertake"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To go from one side to the other; to progress along a path"
],
"id": "en-under--en-prefix-zWGNwtQC",
"qualifier": "metaphor",
"raw_glosses": [
"(metaphor) To go from one side to the other; to progress along a path"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 3 36 21 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 4 41 20 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 5 33 25 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underadditive, underage, underbound"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Less than, beneath in quantity"
],
"id": "en-under--en-prefix-cDgrjb64",
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "30 5 45 8 12",
"sense": "forming a transitive verb",
"word": "en-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 87 4 2",
"sense": "less than",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 87 4 2",
"sense": "less than",
"word": "olig-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 87 4 2",
"sense": "less than",
"word": "meio-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underapply, underbill, underawe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deficient, below what is correct, insufficient"
],
"id": "en-under--en-prefix-tAtAWPnm",
"links": [
[
"Deficient",
"deficient"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "3 3 6 84 3",
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 6 84 3",
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "dys-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 6 84 3",
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "mal-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. undersecretary, underling, underclass"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Subordinate to"
],
"id": "en-under--en-prefix-xblbBmCB",
"links": [
[
"Subordinate",
"subordinate"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "5 4 9 7 75",
"sense": "subordinate",
"word": "vice-"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 9 7 75",
"sense": "subordinate",
"word": "sub-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tʻer-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "թեր-"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "onder"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "sous-"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "unter-"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "υπο-"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "adu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ⴰⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "tadu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ⵜⴰⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "idu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ⵉⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "tidu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ⵜⵉⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "sub-"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pod-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "под-"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "ru",
"english": "insufficient",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "недо-"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pid-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "під-"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 2 31 39 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nedo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "недо-"
}
],
"word": "under-"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "over-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "epi-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “under”",
"word": "sur-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "hyper-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "supra-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “less than”",
"word": "pleo-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "telo-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "per-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deficient”",
"word": "pur-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “subordinate”",
"word": "arch-"
}
],
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "under-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English under-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "under-"
},
"expansion": "Old English under-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*under"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *under",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥dʰér",
"t": "lower"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér (“lower”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*n̥tér",
"t": "inside"
},
"expansion": "*n̥tér (“inside”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under"
},
"expansion": "under",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English under-, from Old English under-, from Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér (“lower”) and *n̥tér (“inside”). For more, see under.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "under-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underground, underneath, underpass"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Beneath, under"
],
"links": [
[
"Beneath",
"beneath"
],
[
"under",
"under"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. understand, undergo, underbear, undertake"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To go from one side to the other; to progress along a path"
],
"qualifier": "metaphor",
"raw_glosses": [
"(metaphor) To go from one side to the other; to progress along a path"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underadditive, underage, underbound"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Less than, beneath in quantity"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. underapply, underbill, underawe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deficient, below what is correct, insufficient"
],
"links": [
[
"Deficient",
"deficient"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "e.g. undersecretary, underling, underclass"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Subordinate to"
],
"links": [
[
"Subordinate",
"subordinate"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "under",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"sense": "under",
"word": "sub-"
},
{
"sense": "under",
"word": "infra-"
},
{
"sense": "forming a transitive verb",
"word": "en-"
},
{
"sense": "less than",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"sense": "less than",
"word": "olig-"
},
{
"sense": "less than",
"word": "meio-"
},
{
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "hypo-"
},
{
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "dys-"
},
{
"sense": "deficient",
"word": "mal-"
},
{
"sense": "subordinate",
"word": "vice-"
},
{
"sense": "subordinate",
"word": "sub-"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tʻer-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "թեր-"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "onder"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "sous-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "unter-"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "υπο-"
},
{
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "adu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ⴰⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "tadu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ⵜⴰⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "idu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ⵉⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "tidu-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ⵜⵉⴷⵓ-"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "under-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "sub-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pod-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "под-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "insufficient",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "недо-"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pid-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "під-"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nedo-",
"sense": "under (in any sense): insufficient, insufficiently",
"word": "недо-"
}
],
"word": "under-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.