See hu- on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "A lenited, fused form of ni ku- (“is [verb]ing”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "hu-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The sun rises in the east.",
"text": "Jua huchomoza mashariki.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It is obvious that this system is popular due to how easy it is to run it, as it has one central authority with one leadership network all the way to the bottom through a system of decentralization.",
"ref": "2022, Muungano wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar: Chimbuko, Misingi na Maendeleo, Serikali ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, →ISBN:",
"text": "Ni dhahiri kuwa huu ni mfumo unaopendwa kutokana na urahisi katika kuuendesha kwa kuwa huwa na mamlaka moja kuu yenye mtandao mmoja wa uongozi mpaka chini kupitia mfumo wa ugatuzi wa madaraka.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"habitual aspect marker; indicates an action is routine or characteristic"
],
"id": "en-hu--sw-prefix-9I7cJZuU",
"related": [
{
"word": "Positive infinitive"
},
{
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"word": "kw-1"
},
{
"word": "Negative infinitive"
},
{
"word": "kuto-"
},
{
"word": "Habitual"
},
{
"word": "hu-1"
},
{
"word": "Telegrammic"
},
{
"word": "ka-1"
},
{
"tags": [
"indicative",
"positive"
],
"word": "General"
},
{
"word": "-a"
},
{
"word": "Positive subjunctive"
},
{
"word": "-e"
},
{
"word": "Negative present"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "Second person plural"
},
{
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"word": "Positive past"
},
{
"word": "-li-"
},
{
"word": "Positive present"
},
{
"word": "-na-"
},
{
"word": "Positive future"
},
{
"word": "-ta-"
},
{
"word": "Negative subjunctive"
},
{
"word": "-si-1"
},
{
"word": "Positive present conditional"
},
{
"word": "-nge-"
},
{
"word": "Negative present conditional"
},
{
"word": "-singe-"
},
{
"word": "Positive past conditional"
},
{
"word": "-ngali-"
},
{
"word": "Negative past conditional"
},
{
"word": "-singali-"
},
{
"word": "Gnomic"
},
{
"word": "-a-1"
},
{
"word": "Perfect"
},
{
"word": "-me-"
},
{
"english": "Already",
"word": "past"
},
{
"word": "-lisha-"
},
{
"english": "Already",
"word": "present"
},
{
"word": "-mesha-"
},
{
"word": "-sha-"
},
{
"word": "-ki-1"
},
{
"word": "-sipo-"
},
{
"word": "Consecutive"
},
{
"word": "-ka-1"
},
{
"word": "Negative past"
},
{
"word": "-ku-1"
},
{
"word": "Negative future"
},
{
"word": "-ja-1"
},
{
"word": "Past"
},
{
"word": "Present"
},
{
"word": "Future"
},
{
"word": "-taka-"
},
{
"word": "Negative"
},
{
"word": "-si-"
},
{
"word": "1 Can take stress and therefore does not require -ku-"
},
{
"word": "-kw- in monosyllabic verbs"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "hu-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From the same source as ha-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "hu-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "u-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Soul, why not awake? Hi! what is it that cheats you?",
"ref": "R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249",
"roman": "Moyo wangu nini huzundukani, likughuriyelo hela ni-n'ni?",
"text": "مُيُ وَاغُ نِنِ هُزُدُكَانِ ، لِكُغُرِيِلُ هِيْلَ نِنْنِ ،",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you do not, 2nd person singular negative subject concord"
],
"id": "en-hu--sw-prefix-CYFnbFJS",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "mimi"
},
{
"word": "ni-"
},
{
"word": "si-"
},
{
"word": "-ni-"
},
{
"word": "nami"
},
{
"word": "na mimi"
},
{
"word": "ndimi"
},
{
"word": "ndiye"
},
{
"word": "simi"
},
{
"word": "siye"
},
{
"word": "-angu"
},
{
"word": "wewe"
},
{
"word": "u-"
},
{
"word": "-ku-"
},
{
"word": "nawe"
},
{
"word": "na wewe"
},
{
"word": "ndiwe"
},
{
"word": "siwe"
},
{
"word": "-ako"
},
{
"word": "yeye"
},
{
"word": "a-"
},
{
"word": "yu-"
},
{
"word": "ha-"
},
{
"word": "hayu-"
},
{
"word": "-m-"
},
{
"word": "-mw-"
},
{
"word": "-mu-"
},
{
"word": "naye"
},
{
"word": "na yeye"
},
{
"word": "-ake"
},
{
"word": "sisi"
},
{
"word": "tu-"
},
{
"word": "hatu-"
},
{
"word": "-tu-"
},
{
"word": "nasi"
},
{
"word": "na sisi"
},
{
"word": "ndisi"
},
{
"word": "ndio"
},
{
"word": "sio"
},
{
"word": "-etu"
},
{
"word": "ninyi"
},
{
"word": "m-"
},
{
"word": "mw-"
},
{
"word": "mu-"
},
{
"word": "ham-"
},
{
"word": "hamw-"
},
{
"word": "hamu-"
},
{
"word": "-wa-"
},
{
"word": "nanyi"
},
{
"word": "na ninyi"
},
{
"word": "ndinyi"
},
{
"word": "sinyi"
},
{
"word": "-enu"
},
{
"word": "wao"
},
{
"word": "wa-"
},
{
"word": "hawa-"
},
{
"word": "nao"
},
{
"word": "-ao"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "-ji-"
},
{
"word": "For a full table including other classes"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "hu-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*su-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *su-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *su-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "hu-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word"
],
"id": "en-hu--cy-prefix-QF~w6svS",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hy-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɨː/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɨ̞/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hiː/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɪ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "hu-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "ho-",
"3": "hu-"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: ho-, hu-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: ho-, hu-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "he-"
},
"expansion": "Breton: he-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: he-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnx",
"2": "he-",
"3": "hy-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish: he-, hy-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Cornish: he-, hy-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "hi-",
"3": "hu-"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh: hi-, hu-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Welsh: hi-, hu-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "hy-",
"3": "hu-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: hy-, hu-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: hy-, hu-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "hy-"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: hy-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: hy-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁es-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*su-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *su-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *su-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*hu-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/hu-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Brythonic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"good"
],
"id": "en-hu--cel-bry-pro-prefix-dw5gdiTW",
"links": [
[
"good",
"good"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hu-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "ho-",
"3": "hu-"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: ho-, hu-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: ho-, hu-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "he-"
},
"expansion": "Breton: he-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: he-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnx",
"2": "he-",
"3": "hy-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish: he-, hy-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Cornish: he-, hy-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "hi-",
"3": "hu-"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh: hi-, hu-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Welsh: hi-, hu-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "hy-",
"3": "hu-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: hy-, hu-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: hy-, hu-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "hy-"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: hy-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: hy-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁es-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*su-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *su-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *su-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*hu-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/hu-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Brythonic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Brythonic lemmas",
"Proto-Brythonic prefixes",
"Proto-Brythonic terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Proto-Brythonic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Brythonic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-",
"Proto-Brythonic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic"
],
"glosses": [
"good"
],
"links": [
[
"good",
"good"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hu-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"Swahili lemmas",
"Swahili prefixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "A lenited, fused form of ni ku- (“is [verb]ing”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "hu-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "Positive infinitive"
},
{
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"word": "kw-1"
},
{
"word": "Negative infinitive"
},
{
"word": "kuto-"
},
{
"word": "Habitual"
},
{
"word": "hu-1"
},
{
"word": "Telegrammic"
},
{
"word": "ka-1"
},
{
"tags": [
"indicative",
"positive"
],
"word": "General"
},
{
"word": "-a"
},
{
"word": "Positive subjunctive"
},
{
"word": "-e"
},
{
"word": "Negative present"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "Second person plural"
},
{
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"word": "Positive past"
},
{
"word": "-li-"
},
{
"word": "Positive present"
},
{
"word": "-na-"
},
{
"word": "Positive future"
},
{
"word": "-ta-"
},
{
"word": "Negative subjunctive"
},
{
"word": "-si-1"
},
{
"word": "Positive present conditional"
},
{
"word": "-nge-"
},
{
"word": "Negative present conditional"
},
{
"word": "-singe-"
},
{
"word": "Positive past conditional"
},
{
"word": "-ngali-"
},
{
"word": "Negative past conditional"
},
{
"word": "-singali-"
},
{
"word": "Gnomic"
},
{
"word": "-a-1"
},
{
"word": "Perfect"
},
{
"word": "-me-"
},
{
"english": "Already",
"word": "past"
},
{
"word": "-lisha-"
},
{
"english": "Already",
"word": "present"
},
{
"word": "-mesha-"
},
{
"word": "-sha-"
},
{
"word": "-ki-1"
},
{
"word": "-sipo-"
},
{
"word": "Consecutive"
},
{
"word": "-ka-1"
},
{
"word": "Negative past"
},
{
"word": "-ku-1"
},
{
"word": "Negative future"
},
{
"word": "-ja-1"
},
{
"word": "Past"
},
{
"word": "Present"
},
{
"word": "Future"
},
{
"word": "-taka-"
},
{
"word": "Negative"
},
{
"word": "-si-"
},
{
"word": "1 Can take stress and therefore does not require -ku-"
},
{
"word": "-kw- in monosyllabic verbs"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swahili terms with quotations",
"Swahili terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The sun rises in the east.",
"text": "Jua huchomoza mashariki.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It is obvious that this system is popular due to how easy it is to run it, as it has one central authority with one leadership network all the way to the bottom through a system of decentralization.",
"ref": "2022, Muungano wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar: Chimbuko, Misingi na Maendeleo, Serikali ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, →ISBN:",
"text": "Ni dhahiri kuwa huu ni mfumo unaopendwa kutokana na urahisi katika kuuendesha kwa kuwa huwa na mamlaka moja kuu yenye mtandao mmoja wa uongozi mpaka chini kupitia mfumo wa ugatuzi wa madaraka.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"habitual aspect marker; indicates an action is routine or characteristic"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "hu-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"Swahili lemmas",
"Swahili prefixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From the same source as ha-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "hu-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "mimi"
},
{
"word": "ni-"
},
{
"word": "si-"
},
{
"word": "-ni-"
},
{
"word": "nami"
},
{
"word": "na mimi"
},
{
"word": "ndimi"
},
{
"word": "ndiye"
},
{
"word": "simi"
},
{
"word": "siye"
},
{
"word": "-angu"
},
{
"word": "wewe"
},
{
"word": "u-"
},
{
"word": "-ku-"
},
{
"word": "nawe"
},
{
"word": "na wewe"
},
{
"word": "ndiwe"
},
{
"word": "siwe"
},
{
"word": "-ako"
},
{
"word": "yeye"
},
{
"word": "a-"
},
{
"word": "yu-"
},
{
"word": "ha-"
},
{
"word": "hayu-"
},
{
"word": "-m-"
},
{
"word": "-mw-"
},
{
"word": "-mu-"
},
{
"word": "naye"
},
{
"word": "na yeye"
},
{
"word": "-ake"
},
{
"word": "sisi"
},
{
"word": "tu-"
},
{
"word": "hatu-"
},
{
"word": "-tu-"
},
{
"word": "nasi"
},
{
"word": "na sisi"
},
{
"word": "ndisi"
},
{
"word": "ndio"
},
{
"word": "sio"
},
{
"word": "-etu"
},
{
"word": "ninyi"
},
{
"word": "m-"
},
{
"word": "mw-"
},
{
"word": "mu-"
},
{
"word": "ham-"
},
{
"word": "hamw-"
},
{
"word": "hamu-"
},
{
"word": "-wa-"
},
{
"word": "nanyi"
},
{
"word": "na ninyi"
},
{
"word": "ndinyi"
},
{
"word": "sinyi"
},
{
"word": "-enu"
},
{
"word": "wao"
},
{
"word": "wa-"
},
{
"word": "hawa-"
},
{
"word": "nao"
},
{
"word": "-ao"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "-ji-"
},
{
"word": "For a full table including other classes"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "u-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Swahili terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Soul, why not awake? Hi! what is it that cheats you?",
"ref": "R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249",
"roman": "Moyo wangu nini huzundukani, likughuriyelo hela ni-n'ni?",
"text": "مُيُ وَاغُ نِنِ هُزُدُكَانِ ، لِكُغُرِيِلُ هِيْلَ نِنْنِ ،",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you do not, 2nd person singular negative subject concord"
],
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "hu-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*su-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *su-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *su-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "hu-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh prefixes",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic"
],
"glosses": [
"affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɨː/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɨ̞/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hiː/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hɪ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hy-"
}
],
"word": "hu-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hu- meaning in All languages combined (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d6bf104 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.