See ar- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ar- meaning in All languages combined (13.1kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "aromatic"
},
"expansion": "aromatic",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Extracted from the word aromatic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "ar-",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Organic chemistry",
"orig": "en:Organic chemistry",
"parents": [
"Chemistry",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900, Edgar Fahs Smith (English translator), R. Anschütz (German editor), Victor von Richter's Organic Chemistry: or, Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds, Third American Edition, Volume II, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., page 393",
"text": "Potassium permanganate oxidizes ac-tetrahydronaphtylamine to o-hydrocinnam-carboxylic acid (p. 245); ar-tetrahydronaphthylamine, however, because of the oxidation of its amided benzene nucleus, is changed to adipic acid together with oxalic acid (B. 22, 767): […]"
},
{
"ref": "1919 January 10, C. J. West, abstract of G. Schroeter and K. Thomas, “Transformation of tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin) in the animal body”; in American Chemical Society, Chemical Abstracts, Volume 13, Number 1, page 43",
"text": "ar-Tetrahydro-α-carbamidonaphthalene, C₁₁H₁₄ON₂, crystallized in square plates from alc., soften at 198° and melts at about 206° (quickly heated, at 212°)."
},
{
"ref": "2006, Amit Arora, Aromatic Organic Chemistry, Discovery Publishing House, published 2007, page 173",
"text": "1-Naphthylamine is reduced by sodium and isopentanol to ar-tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine; the prefix ar- is the abbreviation of aromatic and indicates that the four hydrogen atoms are not in the ring containing the amino-group: […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming classification names for classes of organic compounds that contain a carbon skeleton and one or more aromatic rings."
],
"id": "en-ar--en-prefix-H3V60kF1",
"links": [
[
"organic chemistry",
"organic chemistry"
],
[
"classification",
"classification#English"
],
[
"classes",
"classes#English"
],
[
"organic compounds",
"organic compounds#English"
],
[
"aromatic",
"aromatic#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(organic chemistry) Forming classification names for classes of organic compounds that contain a carbon skeleton and one or more aromatic rings."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"organic-chemistry",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "area"
},
"expansion": "area",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "arc-"
},
"expansion": "arc-",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Shortened from area (because the function describes the area under a hyperbola), by analogy with arc-, the corresponding prefix for the circular trigonometric functions.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Trigonometry",
"orig": "en:Trigonometry",
"parents": [
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chemical notation",
"orig": "en:Chemical notation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Functions",
"orig": "en:Functions",
"parents": [
"Algebra",
"Calculus",
"Geometry",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hyperbolic functions",
"orig": "en:Hyperbolic functions",
"parents": [
"Functions",
"Algebra",
"Calculus",
"Geometry",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Trigonometric functions",
"orig": "en:Trigonometric functions",
"parents": [
"Circle",
"Functions",
"Trigonometry",
"Curves",
"Algebra",
"Calculus",
"Geometry",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematics",
"Shapes",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the names of inverse hyperbolic trigonometric functions, and the symbols for these functions."
],
"id": "en-ar--en-prefix-DXR91OZe",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"trigonometry",
"trigonometry"
],
[
"inverse",
"inverse#English"
],
[
"hyperbolic",
"hyperbolic#English"
],
[
"trigonometric",
"trigonometric#English"
],
[
"function",
"function#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics, trigonometry) Used to form the names of inverse hyperbolic trigonometric functions, and the symbols for these functions."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"proscribed",
"sometimes"
],
"word": "arc-"
},
{
"word": "a-"
},
{
"word": "-1"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"trigonometry"
]
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "abj",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Aka-Bea",
"lang_code": "abj",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Aka-Bea entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prefix for limbs or upright things"
],
"id": "en-ar--abj-prefix-rNEUaUQa",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸare-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ar",
"3": "",
"4": "in front of"
},
"expansion": "ar (“in front of”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *ɸare-. Prefix form of ar (“in front of”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}"
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "sga-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for-, fore-"
],
"id": "en-ar--sga-prefix-deEbfYlj",
"links": [
[
"for-",
"for-"
],
[
"fore-",
"fore-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ar/",
"note": "pretonically"
},
{
"ipa": "/œr/",
"note": "in stressed syllables"
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ine-toc-pro",
"3": "*er-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian *er-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B er-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃er-",
"4": "",
"5": "to move, stir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Tocharian *er- (whence also Tocharian B er-), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to evoke, call up"
],
"id": "en-ar--xto-verb-htvyQbXB",
"links": [
[
"evoke",
"evoke"
],
[
"call up",
"call up"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tocharian A entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to produce, yield, bring forth"
],
"id": "en-ar--xto-verb-jvAHtxO-",
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"yield",
"yield"
],
[
"bring forth",
"bring forth"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*ar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *ar-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *ar-, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "har-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"prothesis-h"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ar- + nofio (“to swim”) → arnofio (“to float”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ar- + ysgrif (“writing”) → arysgrif (“inscription, epigraph”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on, above, sur-, super-, epi-"
],
"id": "en-ar--cy-prefix-kxhcEbFx",
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"sur-",
"sur-"
],
[
"super-",
"super-"
],
[
"epi-",
"epi-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ar- + lliw (“colour”) → arlliw (“shade”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ar- + môr (“sea”) → arfor (“coast”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"near"
],
"id": "en-ar--cy-prefix-Rro0dwvM",
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ar/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "with i-affection",
"word": "er-"
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Breton: ar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: ar-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: ar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: ar-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: ar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: ar-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸare-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *ɸare-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ar-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/ar-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Brythonic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before, in front of"
],
"id": "en-ar--cel-bry-pro-prefix-7jZ-SflZ",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Georgian-Zan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Zan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "ორო"
},
"expansion": "Mingrelian: ორო (oro)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mingrelian: ორო (oro)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sva",
"2": "მაჰა̄რა",
"der": "1",
"t": "shaded place"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Svan: მაჰა̄რა (mahāra, “shaded place”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Ushguli"
},
"expansion": "(Ushguli)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sva",
"2": "მაჰუ̂ერა",
"t": "shadow"
},
"expansion": "მაჰუ̂ერა (mahûera, “shadow”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sva",
"2": "მაჰუ̂ე̄რა",
"t": "shadow, ghost"
},
"expansion": "მაჰუ̂ე̄რა (mahûēra, “shadow, ghost”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Upper Bali"
},
"expansion": "(Upper Bali)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Svan: მაჰა̄რა (mahāra, “shaded place”) (Ushguli), მაჰუ̂ერა (mahûera, “shadow”), მაჰუ̂ე̄რა (mahûēra, “shadow, ghost”) (Upper Bali)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*ar-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Kartvelian",
"lang_code": "ccs-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/ar-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Kartvelian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shadow"
],
"id": "en-ar--ccs-pro-noun-C7CdgGAO",
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "abj",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Aka-Bea",
"lang_code": "abj",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Aka-Bea entries with incorrect language header",
"Aka-Bea lemmas",
"Aka-Bea prefixes"
],
"glosses": [
"prefix for limbs or upright things"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"en:Chemical notation",
"en:Functions",
"en:Hyperbolic functions",
"en:Trigonometric functions"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "aromatic"
},
"expansion": "aromatic",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Extracted from the word aromatic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "ar-",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Organic chemistry"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900, Edgar Fahs Smith (English translator), R. Anschütz (German editor), Victor von Richter's Organic Chemistry: or, Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds, Third American Edition, Volume II, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., page 393",
"text": "Potassium permanganate oxidizes ac-tetrahydronaphtylamine to o-hydrocinnam-carboxylic acid (p. 245); ar-tetrahydronaphthylamine, however, because of the oxidation of its amided benzene nucleus, is changed to adipic acid together with oxalic acid (B. 22, 767): […]"
},
{
"ref": "1919 January 10, C. J. West, abstract of G. Schroeter and K. Thomas, “Transformation of tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin) in the animal body”; in American Chemical Society, Chemical Abstracts, Volume 13, Number 1, page 43",
"text": "ar-Tetrahydro-α-carbamidonaphthalene, C₁₁H₁₄ON₂, crystallized in square plates from alc., soften at 198° and melts at about 206° (quickly heated, at 212°)."
},
{
"ref": "2006, Amit Arora, Aromatic Organic Chemistry, Discovery Publishing House, published 2007, page 173",
"text": "1-Naphthylamine is reduced by sodium and isopentanol to ar-tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine; the prefix ar- is the abbreviation of aromatic and indicates that the four hydrogen atoms are not in the ring containing the amino-group: […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming classification names for classes of organic compounds that contain a carbon skeleton and one or more aromatic rings."
],
"links": [
[
"organic chemistry",
"organic chemistry"
],
[
"classification",
"classification#English"
],
[
"classes",
"classes#English"
],
[
"organic compounds",
"organic compounds#English"
],
[
"aromatic",
"aromatic#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(organic chemistry) Forming classification names for classes of organic compounds that contain a carbon skeleton and one or more aromatic rings."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"organic-chemistry",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"en:Chemical notation",
"en:Functions",
"en:Hyperbolic functions",
"en:Trigonometric functions"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "area"
},
"expansion": "area",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "arc-"
},
"expansion": "arc-",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Shortened from area (because the function describes the area under a hyperbola), by analogy with arc-, the corresponding prefix for the circular trigonometric functions.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Mathematics",
"en:Trigonometry"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the names of inverse hyperbolic trigonometric functions, and the symbols for these functions."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"trigonometry",
"trigonometry"
],
[
"inverse",
"inverse#English"
],
[
"hyperbolic",
"hyperbolic#English"
],
[
"trigonometric",
"trigonometric#English"
],
[
"function",
"function#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics, trigonometry) Used to form the names of inverse hyperbolic trigonometric functions, and the symbols for these functions."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"proscribed",
"sometimes"
],
"word": "arc-"
},
{
"word": "a-"
},
{
"word": "-1"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"trigonometry"
]
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸare-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ar",
"3": "",
"4": "in front of"
},
"expansion": "ar (“in front of”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *ɸare-. Prefix form of ar (“in front of”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}"
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "sga-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish prefixes",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"for-, fore-"
],
"links": [
[
"for-",
"for-"
],
[
"fore-",
"fore-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ar/",
"note": "pretonically"
},
{
"ipa": "/œr/",
"note": "in stressed syllables"
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Breton: ar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: ar-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: ar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: ar-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: ar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: ar-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸare-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *ɸare-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ar-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/ar-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Brythonic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Brythonic lemmas",
"Proto-Brythonic prefixes",
"Proto-Brythonic terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Proto-Brythonic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic"
],
"glosses": [
"before, in front of"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Georgian-Zan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Zan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "ორო"
},
"expansion": "Mingrelian: ორო (oro)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mingrelian: ორო (oro)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sva",
"2": "მაჰა̄რა",
"der": "1",
"t": "shaded place"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Svan: მაჰა̄რა (mahāra, “shaded place”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Ushguli"
},
"expansion": "(Ushguli)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sva",
"2": "მაჰუ̂ერა",
"t": "shadow"
},
"expansion": "მაჰუ̂ერა (mahûera, “shadow”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sva",
"2": "მაჰუ̂ე̄რა",
"t": "shadow, ghost"
},
"expansion": "მაჰუ̂ე̄რა (mahûēra, “shadow, ghost”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Upper Bali"
},
"expansion": "(Upper Bali)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Svan: მაჰა̄რა (mahāra, “shaded place”) (Ushguli), მაჰუ̂ერა (mahûera, “shadow”), მაჰუ̂ე̄რა (mahûēra, “shadow, ghost”) (Upper Bali)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*ar-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Kartvelian",
"lang_code": "ccs-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/ar-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Kartvelian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Kartvelian lemmas",
"Proto-Kartvelian nouns",
"ccs-pro:Light"
],
"glosses": [
"shadow"
],
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Tocharian A entries with incorrect language header",
"Tocharian A lemmas",
"Tocharian A terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Tocharian A terms derived from Proto-Tocharian",
"Tocharian A terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Tocharian A terms inherited from Proto-Tocharian",
"Tocharian A verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ine-toc-pro",
"3": "*er-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian *er-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B er-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃er-",
"4": "",
"5": "to move, stir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Tocharian *er- (whence also Tocharian B er-), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to evoke, call up"
],
"links": [
[
"evoke",
"evoke"
],
[
"call up",
"call up"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to produce, yield, bring forth"
],
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"yield",
"yield"
],
[
"bring forth",
"bring forth"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh prefixes",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*ar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *ar-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *ar-, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "har-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"prothesis-h"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ar- + nofio (“to swim”) → arnofio (“to float”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ar- + ysgrif (“writing”) → arysgrif (“inscription, epigraph”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on, above, sur-, super-, epi-"
],
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"sur-",
"sur-"
],
[
"super-",
"super-"
],
[
"epi-",
"epi-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ar- + lliw (“colour”) → arlliw (“shade”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ar- + môr (“sea”) → arfor (“coast”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"near"
],
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ar/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "with i-affection",
"word": "er-"
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.