See er- on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "gmw-pro",
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},
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"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
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"3": "*uz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"2": "dum",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch er-",
"name": "inh"
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{
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},
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"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German er-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- in unstressed positions.\nThe Middle Dutch er- prefix mostly merged with ver- and her- in Modern Dutch.\nThe current prefix is therefore either a direct continuation of this prefix or loaned from Old High German ir-, Middle High German er-.\nA prefix with the same origin but in stressed positions is oor-.",
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{
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"Entry maintenance"
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}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "erachten"
},
{
"word": "erbarmen"
},
{
"word": "erbieden"
},
{
"word": "erdenken"
},
{
"word": "erdichten"
},
{
"word": "erduchten"
},
{
"word": "erkennen"
},
{
"word": "erlangen"
},
{
"word": "ervaren"
}
],
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"inseparable verbal prefix that indicates the cause or beginning of an action"
],
"id": "en-er--nl-prefix-VSkD3rc8",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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{
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},
{
"ipa": "/ɛr/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-er-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/Nl-er-.ogg/Nl-er-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Nl-er-.ogg"
}
],
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}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbarmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbeben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbeten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbetteln"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbeuten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbieten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbitten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbohren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erborgen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbrausen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbrechen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbrüten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erdichten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfahren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfassen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfechten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfeilschen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfinden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfliegen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfochten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfolgen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erforschen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfreuen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfrieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfüllen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ergeben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ergründen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhängen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erheben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhitzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhoffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhöhen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erholen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erinnern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erkälten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erkaufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erkennen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erklären"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erkranken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erlauben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erleben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erledigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erleichtern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erleuchten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ernähren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "eröffnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erpressen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erreichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erschallen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erscheinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erschießen"
},
{
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"word": "erschöpfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erschrecken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erschweren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
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"word": "ersparen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
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"word": "ertragen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ertüfteln"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erwarten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erwecken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erweisen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erweitern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erwerben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erzählen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erzeugen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erziehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erzielen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erzittern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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}
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{
"text": "er- + drücken (“to push, squeeze”) → erdrücken (“to squeeze dead”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "er- + frieren (“to freeze”) → erfrieren (“to freeze to death”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates killing or dying."
],
"id": "en-er--de-prefix-PyUzNguQ",
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},
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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],
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{
"text": "er- + arbeiten (“to work”) → erarbeiten (“to gain something by means of working for it”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Prefix signifying a notion of getting something by some means, usually through conscious effort."
],
"id": "en-er--de-prefix-w4UqPlxl",
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],
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"ipa": "/ɛɐ̯/",
"tags": [
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]
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{
"ipa": "/ɛ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɐ/",
"note": "common speech"
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{
"audio": "De-er-.ogg",
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{
"word": "erbjuda"
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{
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{
"word": "erhålla"
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{
"word": "oerhörd"
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{
"word": "erkänna"
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{
"word": "erlägga"
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{
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{
"word": "ersätta"
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{
"word": "ertappa"
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{
"word": "erövra"
}
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],
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"name": "inh"
}
],
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[
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[
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}
{
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{
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
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{
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{
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"type": "example"
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[
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[
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[
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{
"derived": [
{
"word": "erachten"
},
{
"word": "erbarmen"
},
{
"word": "erbieden"
},
{
"word": "erdenken"
},
{
"word": "erdichten"
},
{
"word": "erduchten"
},
{
"word": "erkennen"
},
{
"word": "erlangen"
},
{
"word": "ervaren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*uʀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch er-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ir-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ir-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German er-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- in unstressed positions.\nThe Middle Dutch er- prefix mostly merged with ver- and her- in Modern Dutch.\nThe current prefix is therefore either a direct continuation of this prefix or loaned from Old High German ir-, Middle High German er-.\nA prefix with the same origin but in stressed positions is oor-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch prefixes",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle High German",
"Dutch terms derived from Old High German",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"inseparable verbal prefix that indicates the cause or beginning of an action"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ər/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛr/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-er-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/Nl-er-.ogg/Nl-er-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Nl-er-.ogg"
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German prefixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "erbarmen"
},
{
"word": "erbauen"
},
{
"word": "erbeben"
},
{
"word": "erbeten"
},
{
"word": "erbetteln"
},
{
"word": "erbeuten"
},
{
"word": "erbieten"
},
{
"word": "erbitten"
},
{
"word": "erbohren"
},
{
"word": "erborgen"
},
{
"word": "erbrausen"
},
{
"word": "erbrechen"
},
{
"word": "erbrüten"
},
{
"word": "erdichten"
},
{
"word": "ereignen"
},
{
"word": "erfahren"
},
{
"word": "erfassen"
},
{
"word": "erfechten"
},
{
"word": "erfeilschen"
},
{
"word": "erfinden"
},
{
"word": "erfliegen"
},
{
"word": "erfochten"
},
{
"word": "erfolgen"
},
{
"word": "erforschen"
},
{
"word": "erfreuen"
},
{
"word": "erfrieren"
},
{
"word": "erfüllen"
},
{
"word": "ergänzen"
},
{
"word": "ergeben"
},
{
"word": "ergehen"
},
{
"word": "ergründen"
},
{
"word": "erhalten"
},
{
"word": "erhängen"
},
{
"word": "erheben"
},
{
"word": "erhellen"
},
{
"word": "erhitzen"
},
{
"word": "erhoffen"
},
{
"word": "erhöhen"
},
{
"word": "erholen"
},
{
"word": "erinnern"
},
{
"word": "erkälten"
},
{
"word": "erkaufen"
},
{
"word": "erkennen"
},
{
"word": "erklären"
},
{
"word": "erkranken"
},
{
"word": "erlauben"
},
{
"word": "erleben"
},
{
"word": "erledigen"
},
{
"word": "erleichtern"
},
{
"word": "erleuchten"
},
{
"word": "erlösen"
},
{
"word": "ernähren"
},
{
"word": "eröffnen"
},
{
"word": "erpressen"
},
{
"word": "erreichen"
},
{
"word": "erschallen"
},
{
"word": "erscheinen"
},
{
"word": "erschießen"
},
{
"word": "erschöpfen"
},
{
"word": "erschrecken"
},
{
"word": "erschweren"
},
{
"word": "ersehnen"
},
{
"word": "ersparen"
},
{
"word": "erstaunen"
},
{
"word": "ertragen"
},
{
"word": "ertrinken"
},
{
"word": "ertüfteln"
},
{
"word": "erwähnen"
},
{
"word": "erwarten"
},
{
"word": "erwecken"
},
{
"word": "erweisen"
},
{
"word": "erweitern"
},
{
"word": "erwerben"
},
{
"word": "erzählen"
},
{
"word": "erzeugen"
},
{
"word": "erziehen"
},
{
"word": "erzielen"
},
{
"word": "erzittern"
},
{
"word": "erzwingen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German er-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ir-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ir-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*uʀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ā-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon ā-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "English a-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German er-, from Old High German ir-, from Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz-. Cognate with Old Saxon ā-, English a-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates a successful conclusion, leads to the wanted result."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + drücken (“to push, squeeze”) → erdrücken (“to squeeze dead”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "er- + frieren (“to freeze”) → erfrieren (“to freeze to death”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates killing or dying."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + arbeiten (“to work”) → erarbeiten (“to gain something by means of working for it”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Prefix signifying a notion of getting something by some means, usually through conscious effort."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛɐ̯/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɐ/",
"note": "common speech"
},
{
"audio": "De-er-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/De-er-.ogg/De-er-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/De-er-.ogg"
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Tocharian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Tocharian lemmas",
"Proto-Tocharian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Tocharian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Tocharian verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: ar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: ar-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: er-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: er-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃er-",
"4": "",
"5": "to move, stir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Tocharian/er-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to evoke, call up"
],
"links": [
[
"evoke",
"evoke"
],
[
"call up",
"call up"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to produce, yield, bring forth"
],
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"yield",
"yield"
],
[
"bring forth",
"bring forth"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "erbarmlig"
},
{
"word": "erbjuda"
},
{
"word": "erfara"
},
{
"word": "erhålla"
},
{
"word": "oerhörd"
},
{
"word": "erkänna"
},
{
"word": "erlägga"
},
{
"word": "ernå"
},
{
"word": "ersätta"
},
{
"word": "ertappa"
},
{
"word": "erövra"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "de",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "German er-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ir-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ir-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gml",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German er-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "osx",
"3": "ā-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon ā-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German er-, from Old High German ir-, and/or from Middle Low German er-, from Old Saxon ā-, both from Proto-Germanic *uz-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish prefixes",
"Swedish terms derived from German",
"Swedish terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Swedish terms derived from Old High German",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates an emphasizing meaning"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tocharian B entries with incorrect language header",
"Tocharian B lemmas",
"Tocharian B terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Tocharian B terms derived from Proto-Tocharian",
"Tocharian B terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Tocharian B terms inherited from Proto-Tocharian",
"Tocharian B verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ine-toc-pro",
"3": "*er-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian *er-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A ar-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃er-",
"4": "",
"5": "to move, stir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Tocharian *er- (whence also Tocharian A ar-), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to evoke, call up"
],
"links": [
[
"evoke",
"evoke"
],
[
"call up",
"call up"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to produce, yield, bring forth"
],
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"yield",
"yield"
],
[
"bring forth",
"bring forth"
]
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"etymology_text": "i-affected form of ar-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "er-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "her-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"prothesis-h"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh prefixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + glynu (“to attach”) → erlyn (“to pursue, prosecute”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on, above, sur-, super-, epi-"
],
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"sur-",
"sur-"
],
[
"super-",
"super-"
],
[
"epi-",
"epi-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Affection (linguistics)"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for er- meaning in All languages combined (11.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: er-/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"er-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "er-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: er-/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"er-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "er-",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.