See er- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbarmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbeben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbeten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbetteln"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbeuten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbieten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbitten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbohren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erborgen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbrausen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbrechen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erbrüten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erdichten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ereignen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfahren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfassen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfechten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfeilschen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfinden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfliegen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfochten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfolgen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erforschen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfreuen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfrieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erfüllen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ergänzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ergeben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ergehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ergründen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhängen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erheben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhitzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhoffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhöhen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erholen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erinnern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erkälten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erkaufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erkennen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erklären"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erkranken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erlauben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erleben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erledigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erleichtern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erleuchten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erlösen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ernähren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "eröffnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erpressen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erreichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erschallen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erscheinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erschießen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erschöpfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erschrecken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erschweren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ersehnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ersparen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erstaunen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ertragen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ertrinken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ertüfteln"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erwähnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erwarten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erwecken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erweisen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erweitern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erwerben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erzählen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erzeugen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erziehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erzielen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erzittern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erzwingen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gmh:er-<ety:inh<goh:ir-<ety:inh<gmw-pro:*uʀ->>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ud-s-?\nProto-Indo-European *h₂u-s-?\nProto-Germanic *uz-\nProto-West Germanic *uʀ-\nOld High German ir-\nMiddle High German er-\nGerman er-\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*uz-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*uʀ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old High German\", \"term\" : \"ir-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"goh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"er-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"er-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" }\" data-lang=\"de\" data-title=\"er-\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German er-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ir-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ir-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*uʀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-",
"4": "",
"5": "up, out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz- (“up, out”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ā-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon ā-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "English a-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ur-"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of ur-",
"name": "dbt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "up"
},
"expansion": "English up",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ud-s-?\nProto-Indo-European *h₂u-s-?\nProto-Germanic *uz-\nProto-West Germanic *uʀ-\nOld High German ir-\nMiddle High German er-\nGerman er-\nFrom Middle High German er-, from Old High German ir-, from Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“up, out”). Cognate with Old Saxon ā-, English a-. Doublet of ur-. Compare the use of English up in various verb constructions to emphasize a result, such as rustle up, work up, etc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "verbal prefixes"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 24 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 24 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 18 18 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 16 16 3 3 4 6 6 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + wachsen (“to grow”) → erwachsen (“to arise”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix emphasizing a result of the action of the verb:",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates a successful conclusion, leads to the wanted result."
],
"id": "en-er--de-prefix-yrdXIKmX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + drücken (“to push, squeeze”) → erdrücken (“to squeeze dead”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "er- + frieren (“to freeze”) → erfrieren (“to freeze to death”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix emphasizing a result of the action of the verb:",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates killing or dying."
],
"id": "en-er--de-prefix-IzPKaW1W",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + arbeiten (“to work”) → erarbeiten (“to gain something by means of working for it”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix emphasizing a result of the action of the verb:",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates getting something by some means, usually through conscious effort."
],
"id": "en-er--de-prefix-xIDOGbzw",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛɐ̯/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɐ/",
"note": "common speech"
},
{
"audio": "De-er-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/De-er-.ogg/De-er-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/De-er-.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
{
"categories": [
"German doublets",
"German entries with etymology trees",
"German entries with etymon",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German prefixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂ew",
"German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *úd",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"German verbal prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "erbarmen"
},
{
"word": "erbauen"
},
{
"word": "erbeben"
},
{
"word": "erbeten"
},
{
"word": "erbetteln"
},
{
"word": "erbeuten"
},
{
"word": "erbieten"
},
{
"word": "erbitten"
},
{
"word": "erbohren"
},
{
"word": "erborgen"
},
{
"word": "erbrausen"
},
{
"word": "erbrechen"
},
{
"word": "erbrüten"
},
{
"word": "erdichten"
},
{
"word": "ereignen"
},
{
"word": "erfahren"
},
{
"word": "erfassen"
},
{
"word": "erfechten"
},
{
"word": "erfeilschen"
},
{
"word": "erfinden"
},
{
"word": "erfliegen"
},
{
"word": "erfochten"
},
{
"word": "erfolgen"
},
{
"word": "erforschen"
},
{
"word": "erfreuen"
},
{
"word": "erfrieren"
},
{
"word": "erfüllen"
},
{
"word": "ergänzen"
},
{
"word": "ergeben"
},
{
"word": "ergehen"
},
{
"word": "ergründen"
},
{
"word": "erhalten"
},
{
"word": "erhängen"
},
{
"word": "erheben"
},
{
"word": "erhellen"
},
{
"word": "erhitzen"
},
{
"word": "erhoffen"
},
{
"word": "erhöhen"
},
{
"word": "erholen"
},
{
"word": "erinnern"
},
{
"word": "erkälten"
},
{
"word": "erkaufen"
},
{
"word": "erkennen"
},
{
"word": "erklären"
},
{
"word": "erkranken"
},
{
"word": "erlauben"
},
{
"word": "erleben"
},
{
"word": "erledigen"
},
{
"word": "erleichtern"
},
{
"word": "erleuchten"
},
{
"word": "erlösen"
},
{
"word": "ernähren"
},
{
"word": "eröffnen"
},
{
"word": "erpressen"
},
{
"word": "erreichen"
},
{
"word": "erschallen"
},
{
"word": "erscheinen"
},
{
"word": "erschießen"
},
{
"word": "erschöpfen"
},
{
"word": "erschrecken"
},
{
"word": "erschweren"
},
{
"word": "ersehnen"
},
{
"word": "ersparen"
},
{
"word": "erstaunen"
},
{
"word": "ertragen"
},
{
"word": "ertrinken"
},
{
"word": "ertüfteln"
},
{
"word": "erwähnen"
},
{
"word": "erwarten"
},
{
"word": "erwecken"
},
{
"word": "erweisen"
},
{
"word": "erweitern"
},
{
"word": "erwerben"
},
{
"word": "erzählen"
},
{
"word": "erzeugen"
},
{
"word": "erziehen"
},
{
"word": "erzielen"
},
{
"word": "erzittern"
},
{
"word": "erzwingen"
}
],
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{
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "gmh:er-<ety:inh<goh:ir-<ety:inh<gmw-pro:*uʀ->>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ud-s-?\nProto-Indo-European *h₂u-s-?\nProto-Germanic *uz-\nProto-West Germanic *uʀ-\nOld High German ir-\nMiddle High German er-\nGerman er-\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*uz-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*uʀ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old High German\", \"term\" : \"ir-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"goh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"er-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"er-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" }\" data-lang=\"de\" data-title=\"er-\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German er-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ir-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ir-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*uʀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-",
"4": "",
"5": "up, out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz- (“up, out”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ā-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon ā-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-"
},
"expansion": "English a-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ur-"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of ur-",
"name": "dbt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "up"
},
"expansion": "English up",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ud-s-?\nProto-Indo-European *h₂u-s-?\nProto-Germanic *uz-\nProto-West Germanic *uʀ-\nOld High German ir-\nMiddle High German er-\nGerman er-\nFrom Middle High German er-, from Old High German ir-, from Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“up, out”). Cognate with Old Saxon ā-, English a-. Doublet of ur-. Compare the use of English up in various verb constructions to emphasize a result, such as rustle up, work up, etc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "verbal prefixes"
},
"expansion": "er-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + wachsen (“to grow”) → erwachsen (“to arise”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix emphasizing a result of the action of the verb:",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates a successful conclusion, leads to the wanted result."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + drücken (“to push, squeeze”) → erdrücken (“to squeeze dead”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "er- + frieren (“to freeze”) → erfrieren (“to freeze to death”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix emphasizing a result of the action of the verb:",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates killing or dying."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "er- + arbeiten (“to work”) → erarbeiten (“to gain something by means of working for it”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inseparable verbal prefix emphasizing a result of the action of the verb:",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates getting something by some means, usually through conscious effort."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛɐ̯/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɐ/",
"note": "common speech"
},
{
"audio": "De-er-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/De-er-.ogg/De-er-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/De-er-.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "er-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for er- meaning in German (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.