See ad- on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "5 11 8 10 10 21 11 24",
"sense": "terms derived from atop",
"word": "adatom"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 11 8 10 10 21 11 24",
"sense": "terms derived from atop",
"word": "adcumulate"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 11 8 10 10 21 11 24",
"sense": "terms derived from atop",
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}
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"2": "la",
"3": "ad-"
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "at-"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of at-",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin ad-. Doublet of at-.",
"head_templates": [
{
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"name": "en-prefix"
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
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{
"categories": [],
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],
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"Doing, enacting, forming a verb."
],
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[
"Doing",
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],
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"(no longer productive) Doing, enacting, forming a verb."
],
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],
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"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adambulacral"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adanal"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adaxial"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adaxonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adcloacal"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "addental"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adepithelial"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adessive"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "admaxillary"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "admedial"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "admedially"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "admedian"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "admesal"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adneural"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adoral"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adrectal"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adrenal"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adrostral"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adsymphysial"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 37 5 11 2 24 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "appropinquity"
}
],
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"type": "example"
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"type": "example"
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],
"text": "admedial",
"type": "example"
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"glosses": [
"Near, close to, adjacent."
],
"id": "en-ad--en-prefix-en:near",
"links": [
[
"Near",
"near"
],
[
"adjacent",
"adjacent"
]
],
"senseid": [
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "near; at",
"word": "ad-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "near; at",
"word": "a-"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "5 11 33 9 7 21 8 7",
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adapical"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 11 33 9 7 21 8 7",
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adaxial"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 11 33 9 7 21 8 7",
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adbasal"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 11 33 9 7 21 8 7",
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adcauline"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 11 33 9 7 21 8 7",
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adfluvial"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 11 33 9 7 21 8 7",
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adfreeze"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 11 33 9 7 21 8 7",
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adgerminal"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 11 33 9 7 21 8 7",
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adluminal"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 11 33 9 7 21 8 7",
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adluminally"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 11 33 9 7 21 8 7",
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "admesial"
}
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"type": "example"
}
],
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"Towards in direction or movement. (anatomy) Towards the midline of the body."
],
"id": "en-ad--en-prefix-en:towards",
"links": [
[
"Towards",
"towards"
],
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
]
],
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"en:towards"
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"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 53 1 19 8 4",
"sense": "terms derived from intensifying",
"word": "accend"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 53 1 19 8 4",
"sense": "terms derived from intensifying",
"word": "acclaim"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 53 1 19 8 4",
"sense": "terms derived from intensifying",
"word": "adsignification"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 53 1 19 8 4",
"sense": "terms derived from intensifying",
"word": "adspection"
}
],
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],
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"type": "example"
},
{
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0,
2
]
],
"text": "adspection",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Intensifying, additionally."
],
"id": "en-ad--en-prefix-en:intensifying",
"links": [
[
"Intensifying",
"intensifying"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Intensifying, additionally."
],
"senseid": [
"en:intensifying"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "2 6 4 6 63 11 4 4",
"sense": "terms derived from along",
"word": "admarginal"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 4 6 63 11 4 4",
"sense": "terms derived from along",
"word": "adnervular"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 4 6 63 11 4 4",
"sense": "terms derived from along",
"word": "adstratal"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 4 6 63 11 4 4",
"sense": "terms derived from along",
"word": "adstratum"
}
],
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],
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"Along, alongside."
],
"id": "en-ad--en-prefix-en:along",
"links": [
[
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"along"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:along"
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"tags": [
"morpheme"
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},
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "9 6 8 17 3 35 15 8",
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "accident"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 8 17 3 35 15 8",
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "acclaim"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 8 17 3 35 15 8",
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "accouple"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 8 17 3 35 15 8",
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "accrue"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 8 17 3 35 15 8",
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "acculturation"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 8 17 3 35 15 8",
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "adjust"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 8 17 3 35 15 8",
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "admarginate"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 8 17 3 35 15 8",
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "admix"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 8 17 3 35 15 8",
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "admixture"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 8 17 3 35 15 8",
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "adopt"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 8 17 3 35 15 8",
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "affix"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 8 17 3 35 15 8",
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "append"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 8 17 3 35 15 8",
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "arrest"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 8 17 3 35 15 8",
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "attrap"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 8 17 3 35 15 8",
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "attune"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 7 14 6 46 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from appending",
"word": "adfix"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 7 14 6 46 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from appending",
"word": "adposition"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 7 14 6 46 10 5",
"sense": "terms derived from appending",
"word": "affix"
}
],
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"type": "example"
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{
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]
],
"text": "adposition",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "affix",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appending and/or prepending. Adding from either side."
],
"id": "en-ad--en-prefix-en:appending",
"links": [
[
"Appending",
"appending"
],
[
"prepending",
"prepending"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:appending"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 19 9 12 15 10 31 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 3 10 5 4 28 1 0 5 0 3 7 0 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 14 3 10 6 4 30 1 0 4 0 2 5 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 3 9 6 4 29 0 0 2 0 1 5 4 0 8 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 16 10 12 10 8 35 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "3 8 4 9 5 13 57 2",
"sense": "terms derived from modifying",
"word": "adnominal"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 8 4 9 5 13 57 2",
"sense": "terms derived from modifying",
"word": "adverb"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 8 4 9 5 13 57 2",
"sense": "terms derived from modifying",
"word": "assoil"
}
],
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],
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},
{
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],
"text": "assoil",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Modifying."
],
"id": "en-ad--en-prefix-en:modifying",
"links": [
[
"Modifying",
"modifying"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:modifying"
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"morpheme"
]
},
{
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"text": "adatom",
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],
"text": "adcumulate",
"type": "example"
},
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4,
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],
"text": "aggrade",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Atop or above in position."
],
"id": "en-ad--en-prefix-en:atop",
"links": [
[
"Atop",
"atop"
],
[
"above",
"above"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:atop"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "prefix",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"ad-"
],
"id": "en-ad--ca-prefix-PWAUMUuL",
"links": [
[
"ad-",
"ad-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad-",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Prefix form of ad. Also based on Latin ad-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "prefix",
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{
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{
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"name": "Ido entries with incorrect language header",
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{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "portar (“carry, bear”) → adportar (“bring, carry (to a person or place)”)"
},
{
"text": "ube (“where”) → adube (“where to (with motion), whither”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to (indicating that to which there is movement, tendency or position, with or without arrival)"
],
"id": "en-ad--io-prefix-cvLrQqOA",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*ad-<id:to>",
"id": "to"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine",
"3": "h₂éd"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*ad-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *ad-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Prefixed form of the preposition ad (“to, towards”). This prefix also appears in other Italic languages, entailing the reconstruction of Proto-Italic *ad- as a prefix.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ap-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "at-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ac-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "al-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ag-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "as-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "af-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "am-",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"form": "an-",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"form": "ab-",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"rare"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to"
],
"id": "en-ad--la-prefix-Zj6hv~~l",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"usually prefixed to verbs, in which cases it often has the effect of intensifying the verbal action"
],
"id": "en-ad--la-prefix-qe0jZWdg",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lut",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"lang_code": "lut",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lushootseed entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"your (singular)"
],
"id": "en-ad--lut-prefix-4ge1y-jL",
"links": [
[
"your",
"your"
],
[
"singular",
"singular"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "ine-ana-pro",
"3": "*h₁(é)d-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian *h₁(é)d-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ed-",
"t": "to eat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Anatolian *h₁(é)d-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luwian",
"lang_code": "xlu",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luwian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luwian roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luwian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to eat"
],
"id": "en-ad--xlu-root-Unr3wQmn",
"links": [
[
"eat",
"eat"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "a-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ad-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ad-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂éd",
"4": "",
"5": "near, at"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ad"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "at"
},
"expansion": "English at",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *ad-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include Latin ad and English at.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ad-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "n-ad-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "sga-prefix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to, towards"
],
"id": "en-ad--sga-prefix-8Z5Bjywf",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"towards",
"towards"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in many compounds, it has a purely intensive sense"
],
"id": "en-ad--sga-prefix-wfOHhEpK",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 24 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "con·birt (“you conceived”) + ad- → con·abairt (“you have conceived”) (forms of con·beir)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "con·melt (“(s)he rubbed”) + ad- → con·amailt (“(s)he had rubbed”) (forms of con·meil)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "·coscrad (“not destroyed”) + ad- → ·comscarad (“had not destroyed”) (past subjunctive prototonic forms of con·scara)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "con·gab (“it contained”) + ad- → con·acab (“it had contained”) (forms of con·gaib)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "·cotla + ad- → ·comthala (subjunctive forms of con·tuili (“to sleep”))",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"augment infix used instead of ro- on verbs whose first prefix is com- and the stressed syllable starts with a consonant"
],
"id": "en-ad--sga-prefix-Ib8l~tng",
"links": [
[
"ro-",
"ro-#Old_Irish"
],
[
"com-",
"com-#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "a-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ad- (near; at)"
],
"id": "en-ad--pt-prefix-MfaP52Uu",
"links": [
[
"ad-",
"ad-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*ate-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *ate-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ati-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ati-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*éti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *éti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "as-"
},
"expansion": "Cornish as-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ed-"
},
"expansion": "English ed-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "et",
"3": "",
"4": "and"
},
"expansion": "Latin et (“and”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अति",
"3": "",
"4": "over-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अति (ati, “over-”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *ate-, from Proto-Celtic *ati-. from Proto-Indo-European *éti. Cognate with Cornish as-, English ed-, Latin et (“and”), Sanskrit अति (ati, “over-”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ad-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "had-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"prothesis-h"
]
},
{
"form": "at-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ad- + llais (“voice”) → adlais (“echo”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ad- + talu (“to pay”) → ad-dalu (“to refund”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ad- + blas (“taste”) → adflas (“aftertaste”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"again, back, re-"
],
"id": "en-ad--cy-prefix-N3aqVBtI",
"links": [
[
"again",
"again"
],
[
"back",
"back"
],
[
"re-",
"re-"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ail-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ad- + cas (“hated, nasty”) → atgas (“hateful, detestable”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word"
],
"id": "en-ad--cy-prefix-QF~w6svS",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ad/"
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mch",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ye'kwana",
"lang_code": "mch",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "adh-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cunucunuma River Ye'kwana",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of adh-"
],
"id": "en-ad--mch-prefix-Q9v8bpof",
"links": [
[
"adh-",
"adh-#Ye'kwana"
]
],
"qualifier": "Cunucunuma River dialect",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Cunucunuma River dialect) alternative form of adh-"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ethnos360"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ad-]"
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂éd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ad-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ad-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to, at, towards"
],
"id": "en-ad--cel-pro-prefix-g7FHkwQF",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"towards",
"towards"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"sense": "law, custom",
"word": "ad"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "law"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "arsier",
"pos": "gen. sg."
},
"expansion": "Umbrian arsier (gen. sg.)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "This word's only known cognates exist in Italic, namely Umbrian arsier (gen. sg.) and arsmor (nom. pl.).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*ad- n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ad-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "adastos"
},
{
"word": "komadastos"
},
{
"word": "ėddɨl"
},
{
"word": "ad-ilos"
},
{
"word": "diastus"
},
{
"word": "dī-ad-tus"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Welsh",
"word": "eddyl"
}
],
"glosses": [
"law, custom"
],
"id": "en-ad--cel-pro-noun-Fzgm~qB-",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law"
],
[
"custom",
"custom"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "ad-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"raw_tags": [
"base form"
],
"roman": "ad-",
"word": "𐌀𐌃-"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"raw_tags": [
"before /s/"
],
"word": "a-"
},
{
"lang": "South Picene",
"lang_code": "spx",
"roman": "ad-",
"word": "𐌀𐌃-"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"roman": "ař-",
"word": "𐌀𐌛-"
},
{
"lang": "Volscian",
"lang_code": "xvo",
"word": "ar-"
}
],
"lang": "Sabellic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ":from",
"3": "*ad<id:to>",
"id": "to"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Effectively the preposition *ad (“to”) used as a prefix.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ad-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ad-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ad-"
],
"id": "en-ad--itc-pro-prefix-PWAUMUuL",
"links": [
[
"ad-",
"ad-#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan prefixes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"ad-"
],
"links": [
[
"ad-",
"ad-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Portuguese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "accident"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "acclaim"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "accouple"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "accrue"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "acculturation"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "adjust"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "admarginate"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "admix"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "admixture"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "adopt"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "affix"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "append"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "arrest"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "attrap"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from doing",
"word": "attune"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adambulacral"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adanal"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adaxial"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adaxonal"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adcloacal"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "addental"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adepithelial"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adessive"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "admaxillary"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "admedial"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "admedially"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "admedian"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "admesal"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adneural"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adoral"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adrectal"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adrenal"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adrostral"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "adsymphysial"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from near",
"word": "appropinquity"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adapical"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adaxial"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adbasal"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adcauline"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adfluvial"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adfreeze"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adgerminal"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adluminal"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "adluminally"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from towards",
"word": "admesial"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from intensifying",
"word": "accend"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from intensifying",
"word": "acclaim"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from intensifying",
"word": "adsignification"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from intensifying",
"word": "adspection"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from along",
"word": "admarginal"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from along",
"word": "adnervular"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from along",
"word": "adstratal"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from along",
"word": "adstratum"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from appending",
"word": "adfix"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from appending",
"word": "adposition"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from appending",
"word": "affix"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from modifying",
"word": "adnominal"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from modifying",
"word": "adverb"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from modifying",
"word": "assoil"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from atop",
"word": "adatom"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from atop",
"word": "adcumulate"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from atop",
"word": "aggrade"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad-",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "at-"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of at-",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin ad-. Doublet of at-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "accouple",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "admarginate",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "admixture",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "attune",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Doing, enacting, forming a verb."
],
"links": [
[
"Doing",
"doing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Doing, enacting, forming a verb."
],
"senseid": [
"en:doing"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "adaxonal",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "addental",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "admedial",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Near, close to, adjacent."
],
"links": [
[
"Near",
"near"
],
[
"adjacent",
"adjacent"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:near"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Anatomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "adapical",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "adfluvial",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "adgerminal",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Towards in direction or movement. (anatomy) Towards the midline of the body."
],
"links": [
[
"Towards",
"towards"
],
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:towards"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "acclaim",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "adsignification",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "adspection",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Intensifying, additionally."
],
"links": [
[
"Intensifying",
"intensifying"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) Intensifying, additionally."
],
"senseid": [
"en:intensifying"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "admarginal",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "adnervular",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "adstratum",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Along, alongside."
],
"links": [
[
"Along",
"along"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:along"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "adfix",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "adposition",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "affix",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appending and/or prepending. Adding from either side."
],
"links": [
[
"Appending",
"appending"
],
[
"prepending",
"prepending"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:appending"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "adnominal",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "adverb",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "assoil",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Modifying."
],
"links": [
[
"Modifying",
"modifying"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:modifying"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "adatom",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "adcumulate",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
1
],
[
4,
5
]
],
"text": "aggrade",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Atop or above in position."
],
"links": [
[
"Atop",
"atop"
],
[
"above",
"above"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:atop"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "near; at",
"word": "ad-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "near; at",
"word": "a-"
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "la",
"3": "ad-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad-",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Prefix form of ad. Also based on Latin ad-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"Ido lemmas",
"Ido prefixes",
"Ido terms borrowed from Latin",
"Ido terms derived from Latin",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "portar (“carry, bear”) → adportar (“bring, carry (to a person or place)”)"
},
{
"text": "ube (“where”) → adube (“where to (with motion), whither”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to (indicating that to which there is movement, tendency or position, with or without arrival)"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prefixes",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂éd",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*ad-<id:to>",
"id": "to"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine",
"3": "h₂éd"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*ad-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *ad-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Prefixed form of the preposition ad (“to, towards”). This prefix also appears in other Italic languages, entailing the reconstruction of Proto-Italic *ad- as a prefix.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ap-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "at-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ac-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "al-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ag-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "as-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "af-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "am-",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"form": "an-",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"form": "ab-",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"usually prefixed to verbs, in which cases it often has the effect of intensifying the verbal action"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lut",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"lang_code": "lut",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lushootseed entries with incorrect language header",
"Lushootseed lemmas",
"Lushootseed prefixes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"your (singular)"
],
"links": [
[
"your",
"your"
],
[
"singular",
"singular"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "ine-ana-pro",
"3": "*h₁(é)d-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian *h₁(é)d-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ed-",
"t": "to eat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Anatolian *h₁(é)d-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luwian",
"lang_code": "xlu",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Luwian entries with incorrect language header",
"Luwian lemmas",
"Luwian roots",
"Luwian terms derived from Proto-Anatolian",
"Luwian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Luwian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Luwian terms inherited from Proto-Anatolian",
"Luwian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to eat"
],
"links": [
[
"eat",
"eat"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish prefixes",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "a-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ad-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ad-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂éd",
"4": "",
"5": "near, at"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ad"
},
"expansion": "Latin ad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "at"
},
"expansion": "English at",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *ad-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include Latin ad and English at.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ad-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "n-ad-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "sga-prefix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to, towards"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"towards",
"towards"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in many compounds, it has a purely intensive sense"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "con·birt (“you conceived”) + ad- → con·abairt (“you have conceived”) (forms of con·beir)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "con·melt (“(s)he rubbed”) + ad- → con·amailt (“(s)he had rubbed”) (forms of con·meil)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "·coscrad (“not destroyed”) + ad- → ·comscarad (“had not destroyed”) (past subjunctive prototonic forms of con·scara)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "con·gab (“it contained”) + ad- → con·acab (“it had contained”) (forms of con·gaib)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "·cotla + ad- → ·comthala (subjunctive forms of con·tuili (“to sleep”))",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"augment infix used instead of ro- on verbs whose first prefix is com- and the stressed syllable starts with a consonant"
],
"links": [
[
"ro-",
"ro-#Old_Irish"
],
[
"com-",
"com-#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "a-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese prefixes"
],
"glosses": [
"ad- (near; at)"
],
"links": [
[
"ad-",
"ad-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic prefixes",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂éd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ad-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ad-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to, at, towards"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"towards",
"towards"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Celtic nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "adastos"
},
{
"word": "komadastos"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Welsh",
"word": "eddyl"
},
{
"word": "ėddɨl"
},
{
"word": "ad-ilos"
},
{
"word": "diastus"
},
{
"word": "dī-ad-tus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"sense": "law, custom",
"word": "ad"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "law"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "arsier",
"pos": "gen. sg."
},
"expansion": "Umbrian arsier (gen. sg.)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "This word's only known cognates exist in Italic, namely Umbrian arsier (gen. sg.) and arsmor (nom. pl.).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*ad- n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ad-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"law, custom"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law"
],
[
"custom",
"custom"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "ad-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"raw_tags": [
"base form"
],
"roman": "ad-",
"word": "𐌀𐌃-"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"raw_tags": [
"before /s/"
],
"word": "a-"
},
{
"lang": "South Picene",
"lang_code": "spx",
"roman": "ad-",
"word": "𐌀𐌃-"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"roman": "ař-",
"word": "𐌀𐌛-"
},
{
"lang": "Volscian",
"lang_code": "xvo",
"word": "ar-"
}
],
"lang": "Sabellic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ":from",
"3": "*ad<id:to>",
"id": "to"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Effectively the preposition *ad (“to”) used as a prefix.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*ad-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ad-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Italic lemmas",
"Proto-Italic prefixes",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Italic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"ad-"
],
"links": [
[
"ad-",
"ad-#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh prefixes",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*ate-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *ate-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ati-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ati-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*éti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *éti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "as-"
},
"expansion": "Cornish as-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ed-"
},
"expansion": "English ed-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "et",
"3": "",
"4": "and"
},
"expansion": "Latin et (“and”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अति",
"3": "",
"4": "over-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अति (ati, “over-”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *ate-, from Proto-Celtic *ati-. from Proto-Indo-European *éti. Cognate with Cornish as-, English ed-, Latin et (“and”), Sanskrit अति (ati, “over-”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ad-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "had-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"prothesis-h"
]
},
{
"form": "at-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ad- + llais (“voice”) → adlais (“echo”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ad- + talu (“to pay”) → ad-dalu (“to refund”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ad- + blas (“taste”) → adflas (“aftertaste”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"again, back, re-"
],
"links": [
[
"again",
"again"
],
[
"back",
"back"
],
[
"re-",
"re-"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ail-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ad- + cas (“hated, nasty”) → atgas (“hateful, detestable”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ad/"
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mch",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ad-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ye'kwana",
"lang_code": "mch",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "adh-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Cunucunuma River Ye'kwana",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
"Ye'kwana lemmas",
"Ye'kwana prefixes",
"Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of adh-"
],
"links": [
[
"adh-",
"adh-#Ye'kwana"
]
],
"qualifier": "Cunucunuma River dialect",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Cunucunuma River dialect) alternative form of adh-"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ethnos360"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ad-]"
}
],
"word": "ad-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ad- meaning in All languages combined (22.9kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ad-/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"ad-"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ad-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"ad-"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ad-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"ad-"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ad-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ad-/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"ad-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ad-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ad-/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"ad-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ad-",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.