See adposition on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ad",
"3": "position"
},
"expansion": "ad- + position",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "adpositio"
},
"expansion": "Latin adpositio",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ad- + position, from Latin adpositio, from adpositum, past participle of adponere, an alternative form of apponere (“to put near”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "adpositions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "adposition (plural adpositions)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with ad-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Georgian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "en:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "adpositional"
},
{
"word": "adpositionhood"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Mark C. Baker, Lexical Categories: Verbs, Nouns and Adjectives, Cambridge University Press, page 303:",
"text": "Throughout this book, I have assumed that adpositions (prepositions and postpositions) are not lexical categories, but rather functional categories.[…]While this view of adpositions is far from unprecedented, it runs contrary to the more standard generative treatment, championed by Jackendoff (1977: 31-33), in which adpositions constitute a fourth lexical category, filling out the logical space of possibilities defined by the two binary-valued features #x2B;#x5C;#x21;#x2F;#x5C;#x21;#x5C;#x21;-#x5C;#x21;#x5C;#x21;#x5C;mathsfN and #x2B;#x5C;#x21;#x2F;#x5C;#x21;#x5C;#x21;-#x5C;#x21;#x5C;#x21;#x5C;mathsfV.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "2008, Amani Bohoussou, Stavros Skopeteas, Grammaticalization of spatial adpositions in Nànáfwê, Elisabeth Verhoeven, Stavros Skopeteas, Yong-Min Shin, Yoko Nishina, Johannes Helmbrecht (editors), Studies on Grammaticalization, Walter de Gruyter (Mouton), page 77,\nIt is well known in West African linguistics that languages in this broad sense display adpositions that emerge out of these two sources, namely nouns and verbs."
},
{
"ref": "2010, Claude Hagège, Adpositions, Oxford University Press, page 332:",
"text": "By establishing adpositions as a constantly referred to but never really demonstrated language category, this book has provided a basis for the theory of the linguistic category.[…]Adpositions could be considered a clear-cut category if one relied on syntax only, for one simple reason: the are specialized in function-marking.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An element that combines syntactically with a phrase and indicates how that phrase should be interpreted in the surrounding context; a preposition or postposition."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "narrow sense",
"word": "preposition"
},
{
"word": "postposition"
},
{
"word": "circumposition"
}
],
"id": "en-adposition-en-noun-YaYESYSA",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"element",
"element"
],
[
"combine",
"combine"
],
[
"syntactical",
"syntactical"
],
[
"phrase",
"phrase"
],
[
"interpret",
"interpret"
],
[
"surround",
"surround"
],
[
"context",
"context"
],
[
"preposition",
"preposition"
],
[
"postposition",
"postposition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) An element that combines syntactically with a phrase and indicates how that phrase should be interpreted in the surrounding context; a preposition or postposition."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"word": "preposition"
}
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kap",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "կապ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "介詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiècí",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "介词"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "前置詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "前置词 (qiánzhìcí) (preposition)",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "後置詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "后置词 (hòuzhìcí) (postposition)",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "adpositie"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "kaassõna"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "adpositio"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "suhdesana"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "adposition"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "tandebuli",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "თანდებული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Adposition"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"tags": [
"broadly",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Präposition"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "Verhältniswort"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "Lagewort"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "apusana"
},
{
"alt": "せっちし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "setchishi",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "接置詞"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przyimek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "adposição"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "adpoziție"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "предло́г m (predlóg) (preposition)",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "послело́г m (poslelóg) (postposition)",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "adposición"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Preposition and postposition"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæd.pəˌzɪ.ʃən/"
}
],
"word": "adposition"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "adposition",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "adpositio"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of adpositio"
],
"id": "en-adposition-fi-noun-7aWPqGdb",
"links": [
[
"adpositio",
"adpositio#Finnish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "adposition"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "adpositional"
},
{
"word": "adpositionhood"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ad",
"3": "position"
},
"expansion": "ad- + position",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "adpositio"
},
"expansion": "Latin adpositio",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ad- + position, from Latin adpositio, from adpositum, past participle of adponere, an alternative form of apponere (“to put near”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "adpositions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "adposition (plural adpositions)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "narrow sense",
"word": "preposition"
},
{
"word": "postposition"
},
{
"word": "circumposition"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms prefixed with ad-",
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Georgian terms with redundant script codes",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Grammar"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Mark C. Baker, Lexical Categories: Verbs, Nouns and Adjectives, Cambridge University Press, page 303:",
"text": "Throughout this book, I have assumed that adpositions (prepositions and postpositions) are not lexical categories, but rather functional categories.[…]While this view of adpositions is far from unprecedented, it runs contrary to the more standard generative treatment, championed by Jackendoff (1977: 31-33), in which adpositions constitute a fourth lexical category, filling out the logical space of possibilities defined by the two binary-valued features #x2B;#x5C;#x21;#x2F;#x5C;#x21;#x5C;#x21;-#x5C;#x21;#x5C;#x21;#x5C;mathsfN and #x2B;#x5C;#x21;#x2F;#x5C;#x21;#x5C;#x21;-#x5C;#x21;#x5C;#x21;#x5C;mathsfV.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "2008, Amani Bohoussou, Stavros Skopeteas, Grammaticalization of spatial adpositions in Nànáfwê, Elisabeth Verhoeven, Stavros Skopeteas, Yong-Min Shin, Yoko Nishina, Johannes Helmbrecht (editors), Studies on Grammaticalization, Walter de Gruyter (Mouton), page 77,\nIt is well known in West African linguistics that languages in this broad sense display adpositions that emerge out of these two sources, namely nouns and verbs."
},
{
"ref": "2010, Claude Hagège, Adpositions, Oxford University Press, page 332:",
"text": "By establishing adpositions as a constantly referred to but never really demonstrated language category, this book has provided a basis for the theory of the linguistic category.[…]Adpositions could be considered a clear-cut category if one relied on syntax only, for one simple reason: the are specialized in function-marking.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An element that combines syntactically with a phrase and indicates how that phrase should be interpreted in the surrounding context; a preposition or postposition."
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"element",
"element"
],
[
"combine",
"combine"
],
[
"syntactical",
"syntactical"
],
[
"phrase",
"phrase"
],
[
"interpret",
"interpret"
],
[
"surround",
"surround"
],
[
"context",
"context"
],
[
"preposition",
"preposition"
],
[
"postposition",
"postposition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) An element that combines syntactically with a phrase and indicates how that phrase should be interpreted in the surrounding context; a preposition or postposition."
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Preposition and postposition"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæd.pəˌzɪ.ʃən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"word": "preposition"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kap",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "կապ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "介詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiècí",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "介词"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "前置詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "前置词 (qiánzhìcí) (preposition)",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "後置詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "后置词 (hòuzhìcí) (postposition)",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "adpositie"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "kaassõna"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "adpositio"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "suhdesana"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "adposition"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "tandebuli",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "თანდებული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Adposition"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"tags": [
"broadly",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Präposition"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "Verhältniswort"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "Lagewort"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "apusana"
},
{
"alt": "せっちし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "setchishi",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"word": "接置詞"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przyimek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "adposição"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "adpoziție"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "предло́г m (predlóg) (preposition)",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "послело́г m (poslelóg) (postposition)",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "element combining with a phrase and indicating how to interpret the phrase in the context",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "adposición"
}
],
"word": "adposition"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "adposition",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish non-lemma forms",
"Finnish noun forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "adpositio"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of adpositio"
],
"links": [
[
"adpositio",
"adpositio#Finnish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "adposition"
}
Download raw JSONL data for adposition meaning in All languages combined (9.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.