See ab- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ab- meaning in All languages combined (17.0kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab-",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epo",
"4": "",
"5": "off, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "off"
},
"expansion": "English off",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "of"
},
"expansion": "of",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*apo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *apo-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "apo-",
"3": "off-"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of apo- and off-",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ab-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”) (English off, of). See Proto-Indo-European *apo-. Doublet of apo- and off-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + sorb → absorb",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From."
],
"id": "en-ab--en-prefix-J~6gVo2A",
"links": [
[
"From",
"from"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) From."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 57 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 57 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 61 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + normal → abnormal",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ab- + axial → abaxial",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Away from; outside of."
],
"id": "en-ab--en-prefix-yOb7G9vw",
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) Away from; outside of."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "44 56",
"sense": "away from",
"word": "out-"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 56",
"sense": "away from",
"word": "off-"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 56",
"sense": "away from",
"word": "apo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 56",
"sense": "away from",
"word": "de-"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 56",
"sense": "away from",
"word": "away"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 56",
"sense": "away from",
"word": "off"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "found if the root word started with m, p, or v",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "found if the root word started with c or t",
"word": "abs-"
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "absolute"
},
"expansion": "absolute",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of absolute.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Physics",
"orig": "en:Physics",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A unit of electromagnetic charge in the centimeter-gram-second system: the abcoulomb."
],
"id": "en-ab--en-prefix-YMgDG-jp",
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"centimeter-gram-second",
"centimeter-gram-second"
],
[
"abcoulomb",
"abcoulomb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) A unit of electromagnetic charge in the centimeter-gram-second system: the abcoulomb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"on\"",
"word": "an-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"up\"",
"word": "auf-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"up\"",
"word": "rauf-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"up\"",
"word": "hinauf-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"up\"",
"word": "herauf-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ab"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "abe, ab"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German abe, ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ab(a)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ab(a)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "off-"
},
"expansion": "English off-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ab, from Middle High German abe, ab, from Old High German ab, from Proto-West Germanic *ab(a), from Proto-Germanic *ab. Compare English off-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ab"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 31 29 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + fahren (“to drive”) → abfahren (“to depart, drive away”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ab- + spülen (“to rinse, wash”) → abspülen (“to rinse off, wash off”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separable verb prefix that indicates removal or quitting, off, away."
],
"id": "en-ab--de-prefix-B7OoDBnS",
"links": [
[
"off",
"off"
],
[
"away",
"away"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aus-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 31 29 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + tauchen (“to dive”) → abtauchen (“to submerge”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separable verb prefix that indicates a downward movement, down."
],
"id": "en-ab--de-prefix-lDfupPjJ",
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hinab-"
},
{
"word": "herab-"
},
{
"word": "runter-"
},
{
"word": "herunter-"
},
{
"word": "hinunter-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 31 29 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separable verb prefix that indicates from or of."
],
"id": "en-ab--de-prefix-FYsr4DAp",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 31 29 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + Art (“kind, sort”) → Abart (“variety, variant, anomality”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ab- + Gott (“God”) → Abgott (“idol; god other than the true God”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ab- + Laut (“sound”) → Ablaut (“ablaut; vowel gradation or alternation”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Noun prefix that indicates being different from the source or deviation."
],
"id": "en-ab--de-prefix-hqHWZSJo",
"links": [
[
"deviation",
"deviation"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ap/",
"tags": [
"Standard-German"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔäpʰ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-German"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ab̥/",
"tags": [
"Switzerland"
]
},
{
"audio": "De-ab-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/De-ab-.ogg/De-ab-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/De-ab-.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ab-",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epo",
"4": "",
"5": "off, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch ab-, from Latin ab-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ab-: from; away from; outside of."
],
"id": "en-ab--id-prefix-mLu1pXRs",
"links": [
[
"ab-",
"ab-#English"
],
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ap]"
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab",
"4": "",
"5": "from, away from"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab (“from, away from”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ab (“from, away from”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ab- (away from; outside of)"
],
"id": "en-ab--it-prefix-v6Lstyd5",
"links": [
[
"ab-",
"ab-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ab",
"3": "",
"4": "from, away from"
},
"expansion": "ab (“from, away from”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the preposition ab (“from, away from”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"from, away, away from"
],
"id": "en-ab--la-prefix-GNubCTDd",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"away",
"away"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"off"
],
"id": "en-ab--la-prefix-tNxm3egG",
"links": [
[
"off",
"off"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"at a distance"
],
"id": "en-ab--la-prefix-YfXUx1an",
"links": [
[
"distance",
"distance"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 0 4 36 4 14 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"completely, thoroughly"
],
"id": "en-ab--la-prefix-kDSanOam",
"links": [
[
"completely",
"completely"
],
[
"thoroughly",
"thoroughly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"absence of"
],
"id": "en-ab--la-prefix-Pr4oGJ~H",
"links": [
[
"absence",
"absence"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 0 4 36 4 14 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"more remote"
],
"id": "en-ab--la-prefix-wrspM49D",
"links": [
[
"remote",
"remote"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 4 36 4 14 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "abamita (“great-great-grandaunt”)"
},
{
"text": "abavia (“great-great-grandmother”)"
},
{
"text": "abavunculus (“great-great-granduncle”)"
},
{
"text": "abavus (“great-great-grandfather”)"
},
{
"text": "abmātertera (“great-great-grandaunt”)"
},
{
"text": "abnepōs (“great-great-grandson”)"
},
{
"text": "abneptis (“great-great-granddaughter”)"
},
{
"text": "absocer (“great-great-grandfather-in-law”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"removed by three generations"
],
"id": "en-ab--la-prefix-B1spZTaS",
"links": [
[
"generation",
"generation"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "used before /k/, /t/",
"word": "abs-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "used before /b/, /m/, /w/",
"word": "ā-"
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "اب-",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "Jawi spelling",
"4": "اب-"
},
"expansion": "ab- (Jawi spelling اب-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ab-"
],
"id": "en-ab--ms-prefix-L9GGS1GF",
"links": [
[
"ab-",
"ab-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "to give",
"word": "ög-"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng"
},
"expansion": "Middle Mongol:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Mongol:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠢ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian script: ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠢ (abqui)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian script: ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠢ (abqui)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "ꡝꡎ",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾb-"
},
"expansion": "Phags-pa script: ꡝꡎ (ʾb-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phags-pa script: ꡝꡎ (ʾb-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "اب",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Arabic script: اب (ab-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arabic script: اب (ab-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"sc": "Hani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Han script: [Han needed] (ab-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Han script: [Han needed] (ab-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mongolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "ᠠᠪᠬᠤ"
},
"expansion": "ᠠᠪᠬᠤ (abqu)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Classical: ᠠᠪᠬᠤ (abqu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn-kha",
"2": "авах"
},
"expansion": "Khalkha Mongolian: авах (avax)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalkha Mongolian: авах (avax)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ordos: /ab-/"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xal",
"2": "авх"
},
"expansion": "Kalmyk: авх (avx)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kalmyk: авх (avx)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bua",
"2": "абаха"
},
"expansion": "Buryat: абаха (abaxa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Buryat: абаха (abaxa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ykh",
"2": "abaxu"
},
"expansion": "Khamnigan Mongol: abaxu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khamnigan Mongol: abaxu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dta",
"2": "augw"
},
"expansion": "Daur: augw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Daur: augw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yuy",
"2": "abqi"
},
"expansion": "East Yugur: abqi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "East Yugur: abqi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Monguor:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-mgl",
"2": "awu"
},
"expansion": "Mongghul: awu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongghul: awu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-mgr",
"2": "hegh",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Mangghuer: hegh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Mangghuer: hegh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bonan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peh",
"2": "ap"
},
"expansion": "ap",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peh",
"2": "ape"
},
"expansion": "ape",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Gansu: ap, ape"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peh",
"2": "ab"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peh",
"2": "abe"
},
"expansion": "abe",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Qinghai: ab, abe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kxs",
"2": "abi"
},
"expansion": "Kangjia: abi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kangjia: abi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "agi"
},
"expansion": "agi",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "?Dongxiang: agi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhj",
"2": "abku",
"3": "obku"
},
"expansion": "Mogholi: abku, obku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mogholi: abku, obku"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkt",
"sc": "Kits",
"tr": "aû"
},
"expansion": "Khitan [Khitan Small needed] (aû)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Tentatively connected with Khitan [Khitan Small needed] (aû), a hapax legomena, by Yingzhe and Janhunen.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/ab-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to wrestle",
"word": "? *abaldu-"
},
{
"english": "to bring",
"word": "abcïra-"
},
{
"english": "handful",
"word": "abuca"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to take"
],
"id": "en-ab--xgn-pro-verb-TuaAS407",
"links": [
[
"take",
"take"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"English unproductive prefixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab-",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epo",
"4": "",
"5": "off, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "off"
},
"expansion": "English off",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "of"
},
"expansion": "of",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*apo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *apo-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "apo-",
"3": "off-"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of apo- and off-",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ab-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”) (English off, of). See Proto-Indo-European *apo-. Doublet of apo- and off-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + sorb → absorb",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From."
],
"links": [
[
"From",
"from"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) From."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + normal → abnormal",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ab- + axial → abaxial",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Away from; outside of."
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) Away from; outside of."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "away from",
"word": "out-"
},
{
"sense": "away from",
"word": "off-"
},
{
"sense": "away from",
"word": "apo-"
},
{
"sense": "away from",
"word": "de-"
},
{
"sense": "away from",
"word": "away"
},
{
"sense": "away from",
"word": "off"
},
{
"english": "found if the root word started with m, p, or v",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"english": "found if the root word started with c or t",
"word": "abs-"
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"English unproductive prefixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "absolute"
},
"expansion": "absolute",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of absolute.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Physics"
],
"glosses": [
"A unit of electromagnetic charge in the centimeter-gram-second system: the abcoulomb."
],
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"centimeter-gram-second",
"centimeter-gram-second"
],
[
"abcoulomb",
"abcoulomb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) A unit of electromagnetic charge in the centimeter-gram-second system: the abcoulomb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"on\"",
"word": "an-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"up\"",
"word": "auf-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"up\"",
"word": "rauf-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"up\"",
"word": "hinauf-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"up\"",
"word": "herauf-"
}
],
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German prefixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ab"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "abe, ab"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German abe, ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ab(a)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ab(a)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "off-"
},
"expansion": "English off-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ab, from Middle High German abe, ab, from Old High German ab, from Proto-West Germanic *ab(a), from Proto-Germanic *ab. Compare English off-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "ab"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + fahren (“to drive”) → abfahren (“to depart, drive away”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ab- + spülen (“to rinse, wash”) → abspülen (“to rinse off, wash off”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separable verb prefix that indicates removal or quitting, off, away."
],
"links": [
[
"off",
"off"
],
[
"away",
"away"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aus-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + tauchen (“to dive”) → abtauchen (“to submerge”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separable verb prefix that indicates a downward movement, down."
],
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hinab-"
},
{
"word": "herab-"
},
{
"word": "runter-"
},
{
"word": "herunter-"
},
{
"word": "hinunter-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Separable verb prefix that indicates from or of."
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + Art (“kind, sort”) → Abart (“variety, variant, anomality”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ab- + Gott (“God”) → Abgott (“idol; god other than the true God”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ab- + Laut (“sound”) → Ablaut (“ablaut; vowel gradation or alternation”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Noun prefix that indicates being different from the source or deviation."
],
"links": [
[
"deviation",
"deviation"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ap/",
"tags": [
"Standard-German"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔäpʰ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-German"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ab̥/",
"tags": [
"Switzerland"
]
},
{
"audio": "De-ab-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/De-ab-.ogg/De-ab-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/De-ab-.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ab-",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epo",
"4": "",
"5": "off, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch ab-, from Latin ab-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian prefixes",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Latin",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"ab-: from; away from; outside of."
],
"links": [
[
"ab-",
"ab-#English"
],
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ap]"
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab",
"4": "",
"5": "from, away from"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab (“from, away from”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ab (“from, away from”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian prefixes",
"Italian terms derived from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"ab- (away from; outside of)"
],
"links": [
[
"ab-",
"ab-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prefixes"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ab",
"3": "",
"4": "from, away from"
},
"expansion": "ab (“from, away from”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the preposition ab (“from, away from”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"from, away, away from"
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"away",
"away"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"off"
],
"links": [
[
"off",
"off"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"at a distance"
],
"links": [
[
"distance",
"distance"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"completely, thoroughly"
],
"links": [
[
"completely",
"completely"
],
[
"thoroughly",
"thoroughly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"absence of"
],
"links": [
[
"absence",
"absence"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"more remote"
],
"links": [
[
"remote",
"remote"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "abamita (“great-great-grandaunt”)"
},
{
"text": "abavia (“great-great-grandmother”)"
},
{
"text": "abavunculus (“great-great-granduncle”)"
},
{
"text": "abavus (“great-great-grandfather”)"
},
{
"text": "abmātertera (“great-great-grandaunt”)"
},
{
"text": "abnepōs (“great-great-grandson”)"
},
{
"text": "abneptis (“great-great-granddaughter”)"
},
{
"text": "absocer (“great-great-grandfather-in-law”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"removed by three generations"
],
"links": [
[
"generation",
"generation"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "used before /k/, /t/",
"word": "abs-"
},
{
"english": "used before /b/, /m/, /w/",
"word": "ā-"
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "اب-",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "Jawi spelling",
"4": "اب-"
},
"expansion": "ab- (Jawi spelling اب-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay prefixes"
],
"glosses": [
"ab-"
],
"links": [
[
"ab-",
"ab-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "to give",
"word": "ög-"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to wrestle",
"word": "? *abaldu-"
},
{
"english": "to bring",
"word": "abcïra-"
},
{
"english": "handful",
"word": "abuca"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng"
},
"expansion": "Middle Mongol:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Mongol:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠢ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian script: ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠢ (abqui)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian script: ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠢ (abqui)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "ꡝꡎ",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾb-"
},
"expansion": "Phags-pa script: ꡝꡎ (ʾb-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phags-pa script: ꡝꡎ (ʾb-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "اب",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Arabic script: اب (ab-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arabic script: اب (ab-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"sc": "Hani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Han script: [Han needed] (ab-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Han script: [Han needed] (ab-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mongolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "ᠠᠪᠬᠤ"
},
"expansion": "ᠠᠪᠬᠤ (abqu)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Classical: ᠠᠪᠬᠤ (abqu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn-kha",
"2": "авах"
},
"expansion": "Khalkha Mongolian: авах (avax)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalkha Mongolian: авах (avax)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ordos: /ab-/"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xal",
"2": "авх"
},
"expansion": "Kalmyk: авх (avx)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kalmyk: авх (avx)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bua",
"2": "абаха"
},
"expansion": "Buryat: абаха (abaxa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Buryat: абаха (abaxa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ykh",
"2": "abaxu"
},
"expansion": "Khamnigan Mongol: abaxu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khamnigan Mongol: abaxu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dta",
"2": "augw"
},
"expansion": "Daur: augw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Daur: augw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yuy",
"2": "abqi"
},
"expansion": "East Yugur: abqi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "East Yugur: abqi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Monguor:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-mgl",
"2": "awu"
},
"expansion": "Mongghul: awu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongghul: awu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-mgr",
"2": "hegh",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Mangghuer: hegh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Mangghuer: hegh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bonan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peh",
"2": "ap"
},
"expansion": "ap",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peh",
"2": "ape"
},
"expansion": "ape",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Gansu: ap, ape"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peh",
"2": "ab"
},
"expansion": "ab",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peh",
"2": "abe"
},
"expansion": "abe",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Qinghai: ab, abe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kxs",
"2": "abi"
},
"expansion": "Kangjia: abi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kangjia: abi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "agi"
},
"expansion": "agi",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "?Dongxiang: agi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhj",
"2": "abku",
"3": "obku"
},
"expansion": "Mogholi: abku, obku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mogholi: abku, obku"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkt",
"sc": "Kits",
"tr": "aû"
},
"expansion": "Khitan [Khitan Small needed] (aû)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Tentatively connected with Khitan [Khitan Small needed] (aû), a hapax legomena, by Yingzhe and Janhunen.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/ab-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Mongolic lemmas",
"Proto-Mongolic verbs",
"Requests for Khitan Small script for Khitan terms"
],
"glosses": [
"to take"
],
"links": [
[
"take",
"take"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.