See ab- on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab-",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epo",
"4": "",
"5": "off, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "off"
},
"expansion": "English off",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*apo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *apo-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "apo-",
"3": "off-"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of apo- and off-",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ab-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”) (English off, of). See Proto-Indo-European *apo-. Doublet of apo- and off-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + sorb → absorb",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From."
],
"id": "en-ab--en-prefix-J~6gVo2A",
"links": [
[
"From",
"from"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) From."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + normal → abnormal",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ab- + axial → abaxial",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Away from; outside of."
],
"id": "en-ab--en-prefix-yOb7G9vw",
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) Away from; outside of."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "45 55",
"sense": "away from",
"word": "out-"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 55",
"sense": "away from",
"word": "off-"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 55",
"sense": "away from",
"word": "apo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 55",
"sense": "away from",
"word": "de-"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 55",
"sense": "away from",
"word": "away"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 55",
"sense": "away from",
"word": "off"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "found if the root word started with m, p, or v",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "found if the root word started with c or t",
"word": "abs-"
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of absolute.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Physics",
"orig": "en:Physics",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 11 21 21 22 9 0 0 0 0 2 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A unit of electromagnetic charge in the centimeter-gram-second system: the abcoulomb."
],
"id": "en-ab--en-prefix-YMgDG-jp",
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"centimeter-gram-second",
"centimeter-gram-second"
],
[
"abcoulomb",
"abcoulomb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) A unit of electromagnetic charge in the centimeter-gram-second system: the abcoulomb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “on”",
"word": "an-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “up”",
"word": "auf-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “up”",
"word": "rauf-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “up”",
"word": "hinauf-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “up”",
"word": "herauf-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "abe, ab"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German abe, ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ab(a)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ab(a)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "off-"
},
"expansion": "English off-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ab, from Middle High German abe, ab, from Old High German ab, from Proto-West Germanic *ab(a), from Proto-Germanic *ab. Compare English off-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ab"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 2 23 23 24 10 0 0 0 0 2 4 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 11 21 21 22 9 0 0 0 0 2 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 8 22 22 23 9 0 0 0 0 1 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 31 30 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + fahren (“to drive”) → abfahren (“to depart, drive away”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ab- + spülen (“to rinse, wash”) → abspülen (“to rinse off, wash off”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separable verb prefix that indicates removal or quitting, off, away."
],
"id": "en-ab--de-prefix-B7OoDBnS",
"links": [
[
"off",
"off"
],
[
"away",
"away"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aus-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 2 23 23 24 10 0 0 0 0 2 4 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 11 21 21 22 9 0 0 0 0 2 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 8 22 22 23 9 0 0 0 0 1 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 31 30 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + tauchen (“to dive”) → abtauchen (“to submerge”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separable verb prefix that indicates a downward movement, down."
],
"id": "en-ab--de-prefix-lDfupPjJ",
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hinab-"
},
{
"word": "herab-"
},
{
"word": "runter-"
},
{
"word": "herunter-"
},
{
"word": "hinunter-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 2 23 23 24 10 0 0 0 0 2 4 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 11 21 21 22 9 0 0 0 0 2 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 8 22 22 23 9 0 0 0 0 1 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 31 30 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separable verb prefix that indicates from or of."
],
"id": "en-ab--de-prefix-FYsr4DAp",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 2 23 23 24 10 0 0 0 0 2 4 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 31 30 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + Art (“kind, sort”) → Abart (“variety, variant, anomality”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ab- + Gott (“God”) → Abgott (“idol; god other than the true God”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ab- + Laut (“sound”) → Ablaut (“ablaut; vowel gradation or alternation”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Noun prefix that indicates being different from the source or deviation."
],
"id": "en-ab--de-prefix-hqHWZSJo",
"links": [
[
"deviation",
"deviation"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ap/",
"tags": [
"Standard-German"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔäpʰ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-German"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ab̥/",
"tags": [
"Switzerland"
]
},
{
"audio": "De-ab-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/De-ab-.ogg/De-ab-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/De-ab-.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ab-",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch ab-, from Latin ab-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ab- (from; away from; outside of)"
],
"id": "en-ab--id-prefix-nqrdzu9~",
"links": [
[
"ab-",
"ab-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ap]"
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab",
"4": "",
"5": "from, away from"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab (“from, away from”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ab (“from, away from”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ab- (away from; outside of)"
],
"id": "en-ab--it-prefix-v6Lstyd5",
"links": [
[
"ab-",
"ab-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From the preposition ab (“from, away from”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"from, away, away from"
],
"id": "en-ab--la-prefix-GNubCTDd",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"away",
"away"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"off"
],
"id": "en-ab--la-prefix-tNxm3egG",
"links": [
[
"off",
"off"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"at a distance"
],
"id": "en-ab--la-prefix-YfXUx1an",
"links": [
[
"distance",
"distance"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"completely, thoroughly"
],
"id": "en-ab--la-prefix-kDSanOam",
"links": [
[
"completely",
"completely"
],
[
"thoroughly",
"thoroughly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"absence of"
],
"id": "en-ab--la-prefix-Pr4oGJ~H",
"links": [
[
"absence",
"absence"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"more remote"
],
"id": "en-ab--la-prefix-wrspM49D",
"links": [
[
"remote",
"remote"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 2 23 23 24 10 0 0 0 0 2 4 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 11 21 21 22 9 0 0 0 0 2 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 8 22 22 23 9 0 0 0 0 1 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 0 0 0 19 20 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "abamita (“great-great-grandaunt”)"
},
{
"text": "abavia (“great-great-grandmother”)"
},
{
"text": "abavunculus (“great-great-granduncle”)"
},
{
"text": "abavus (“great-great-grandfather”)"
},
{
"text": "abmātertera (“great-great-grandaunt”)"
},
{
"text": "abnepōs (“great-great-grandson”)"
},
{
"text": "abneptis (“great-great-granddaughter”)"
},
{
"text": "absocer (“great-great-grandfather-in-law”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"removed by three generations"
],
"id": "en-ab--la-prefix-B1spZTaS",
"links": [
[
"generation",
"generation"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "used before /k/, /t/",
"word": "abs-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "used before /b/, /m/, /w/",
"word": "ā-"
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "اب-",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "Jawi spelling",
"4": "اب-"
},
"expansion": "ab- (Jawi spelling اب-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ab-"
],
"id": "en-ab--ms-prefix-L9GGS1GF",
"links": [
[
"ab-",
"ab-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "to give",
"word": "ög-"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng"
},
"expansion": "Middle Mongol:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Mongol:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠢ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian script: ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠢ (abqui)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian script: ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠢ (abqui)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "ꡝꡎ",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾb-"
},
"expansion": "Phags-pa script: ꡝꡎ (ʾb-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phags-pa script: ꡝꡎ (ʾb-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "اب",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Arabic script: اب (ab-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arabic script: اب (ab-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"sc": "Hani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Han script: [Han needed] (ab-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Han script: [Han needed] (ab-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mongolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Classical: ᠠᠪᠬᠤ (abqu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn-kha",
"2": "авах"
},
"expansion": "Khalkha Mongolian: авах (avax)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalkha Mongolian: авах (avax)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ordos: /ab-/"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xal",
"2": "авх"
},
"expansion": "Kalmyk: авх (avx)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kalmyk: авх (avx)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bua",
"2": "абаха"
},
"expansion": "Buryat: абаха (abaxa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Buryat: абаха (abaxa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ykh",
"2": "abaxu"
},
"expansion": "Khamnigan Mongol: abaxu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khamnigan Mongol: abaxu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dta",
"2": "augw"
},
"expansion": "Daur: augw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Daur: augw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yuy",
"2": "abqi"
},
"expansion": "East Yugur: abqi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "East Yugur: abqi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Monguor:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjg-mgr",
"2": "hegh",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Mangghuer: hegh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Mangghuer: hegh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjg-mgl",
"2": "awu"
},
"expansion": "Mongghul: awu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongghul: awu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bonan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gansu: ap, ape"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Qinghai: ab, abe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kxs",
"2": "abi"
},
"expansion": "Kangjia: abi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kangjia: abi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "?Dongxiang: agi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhj",
"2": "abku",
"3": "obku"
},
"expansion": "Mogholi: abku, obku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mogholi: abku, obku"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkt",
"2": "𘲓",
"tr": "aû"
},
"expansion": "Khitan 𘲓 (aû)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Tentatively connected with Khitan 𘲓 (aû), a hapax legomenon, by Yingzhe and Janhunen.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/ab-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Khitan terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to wrestle",
"word": "? *abaldu-"
},
{
"english": "to bring",
"word": "abcïra-"
},
{
"english": "handful",
"word": "abuca"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to take"
],
"id": "en-ab--xgn-pro-verb-TuaAS407",
"links": [
[
"take",
"take"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab-",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epo",
"4": "",
"5": "off, away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "off"
},
"expansion": "English off",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*apo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *apo-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "apo-",
"3": "off-"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of apo- and off-",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ab-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”) (English off, of). See Proto-Indo-European *apo-. Doublet of apo- and off-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + sorb → absorb",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From."
],
"links": [
[
"From",
"from"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) From."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + normal → abnormal",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ab- + axial → abaxial",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Away from; outside of."
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) Away from; outside of."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "away from",
"word": "out-"
},
{
"sense": "away from",
"word": "off-"
},
{
"sense": "away from",
"word": "apo-"
},
{
"sense": "away from",
"word": "de-"
},
{
"sense": "away from",
"word": "away"
},
{
"sense": "away from",
"word": "off"
},
{
"english": "found if the root word started with m, p, or v",
"word": "a-"
},
{
"english": "found if the root word started with c or t",
"word": "abs-"
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of absolute.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Physics"
],
"glosses": [
"A unit of electromagnetic charge in the centimeter-gram-second system: the abcoulomb."
],
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"centimeter-gram-second",
"centimeter-gram-second"
],
[
"abcoulomb",
"abcoulomb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) A unit of electromagnetic charge in the centimeter-gram-second system: the abcoulomb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “on”",
"word": "an-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “up”",
"word": "auf-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “up”",
"word": "rauf-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “up”",
"word": "hinauf-"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “up”",
"word": "herauf-"
}
],
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German prefixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "abe, ab"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German abe, ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ab"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ab(a)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ab(a)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ab",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "off-"
},
"expansion": "English off-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ab, from Middle High German abe, ab, from Old High German ab, from Proto-West Germanic *ab(a), from Proto-Germanic *ab. Compare English off-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "ab"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + fahren (“to drive”) → abfahren (“to depart, drive away”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ab- + spülen (“to rinse, wash”) → abspülen (“to rinse off, wash off”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separable verb prefix that indicates removal or quitting, off, away."
],
"links": [
[
"off",
"off"
],
[
"away",
"away"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aus-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + tauchen (“to dive”) → abtauchen (“to submerge”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separable verb prefix that indicates a downward movement, down."
],
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hinab-"
},
{
"word": "herab-"
},
{
"word": "runter-"
},
{
"word": "herunter-"
},
{
"word": "hinunter-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Separable verb prefix that indicates from or of."
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ab- + Art (“kind, sort”) → Abart (“variety, variant, anomality”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ab- + Gott (“God”) → Abgott (“idol; god other than the true God”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ab- + Laut (“sound”) → Ablaut (“ablaut; vowel gradation or alternation”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Noun prefix that indicates being different from the source or deviation."
],
"links": [
[
"deviation",
"deviation"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ap/",
"tags": [
"Standard-German"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔäpʰ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-German"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ab̥/",
"tags": [
"Switzerland"
]
},
{
"audio": "De-ab-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/De-ab-.ogg/De-ab-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/De-ab-.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ab-",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch ab-, from Latin ab-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian prefixes",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Latin",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"ab- (from; away from; outside of)"
],
"links": [
[
"ab-",
"ab-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ap]"
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "ab",
"4": "",
"5": "from, away from"
},
"expansion": "Latin ab (“from, away from”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin ab (“from, away from”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian prefixes",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"ab- (away from; outside of)"
],
"links": [
[
"ab-",
"ab-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_text": "From the preposition ab (“from, away from”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"from, away, away from"
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"away",
"away"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"off"
],
"links": [
[
"off",
"off"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"at a distance"
],
"links": [
[
"distance",
"distance"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"completely, thoroughly"
],
"links": [
[
"completely",
"completely"
],
[
"thoroughly",
"thoroughly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"absence of"
],
"links": [
[
"absence",
"absence"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"more remote"
],
"links": [
[
"remote",
"remote"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "abamita (“great-great-grandaunt”)"
},
{
"text": "abavia (“great-great-grandmother”)"
},
{
"text": "abavunculus (“great-great-granduncle”)"
},
{
"text": "abavus (“great-great-grandfather”)"
},
{
"text": "abmātertera (“great-great-grandaunt”)"
},
{
"text": "abnepōs (“great-great-grandson”)"
},
{
"text": "abneptis (“great-great-granddaughter”)"
},
{
"text": "absocer (“great-great-grandfather-in-law”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"removed by three generations"
],
"links": [
[
"generation",
"generation"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "used before /k/, /t/",
"word": "abs-"
},
{
"english": "used before /b/, /m/, /w/",
"word": "ā-"
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "اب-",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "Jawi spelling",
"4": "اب-"
},
"expansion": "ab- (Jawi spelling اب-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"ab-"
],
"links": [
[
"ab-",
"ab-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "to give",
"word": "ög-"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to wrestle",
"word": "? *abaldu-"
},
{
"english": "to bring",
"word": "abcïra-"
},
{
"english": "handful",
"word": "abuca"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng"
},
"expansion": "Middle Mongol:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Mongol:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠢ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian script: ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠢ (abqui)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian script: ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠢ (abqui)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "ꡝꡎ",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾb-"
},
"expansion": "Phags-pa script: ꡝꡎ (ʾb-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phags-pa script: ꡝꡎ (ʾb-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "اب",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Arabic script: اب (ab-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arabic script: اب (ab-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"sc": "Hani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ab-"
},
"expansion": "Han script: [Han needed] (ab-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Han script: [Han needed] (ab-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mongolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Classical: ᠠᠪᠬᠤ (abqu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn-kha",
"2": "авах"
},
"expansion": "Khalkha Mongolian: авах (avax)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalkha Mongolian: авах (avax)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ordos: /ab-/"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xal",
"2": "авх"
},
"expansion": "Kalmyk: авх (avx)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kalmyk: авх (avx)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bua",
"2": "абаха"
},
"expansion": "Buryat: абаха (abaxa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Buryat: абаха (abaxa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ykh",
"2": "abaxu"
},
"expansion": "Khamnigan Mongol: abaxu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khamnigan Mongol: abaxu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dta",
"2": "augw"
},
"expansion": "Daur: augw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Daur: augw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yuy",
"2": "abqi"
},
"expansion": "East Yugur: abqi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "East Yugur: abqi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Monguor:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjg-mgr",
"2": "hegh",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Mangghuer: hegh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Mangghuer: hegh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjg-mgl",
"2": "awu"
},
"expansion": "Mongghul: awu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongghul: awu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bonan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gansu: ap, ape"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Qinghai: ab, abe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kxs",
"2": "abi"
},
"expansion": "Kangjia: abi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kangjia: abi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "?Dongxiang: agi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhj",
"2": "abku",
"3": "obku"
},
"expansion": "Mogholi: abku, obku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mogholi: abku, obku"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkt",
"2": "𘲓",
"tr": "aû"
},
"expansion": "Khitan 𘲓 (aû)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Tentatively connected with Khitan 𘲓 (aû), a hapax legomenon, by Yingzhe and Janhunen.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*ab-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/ab-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Khitan terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Mongolic lemmas",
"Proto-Mongolic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to take"
],
"links": [
[
"take",
"take"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ab-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ab- meaning in All languages combined (14.1kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "ab-/German/prefix: invalid uppercase tag Standard-German not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “on”\", \"word\": \"an-\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “up”\", \"word\": \"auf-\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “up”\", \"word\": \"rauf-\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “up”\", \"word\": \"hinauf-\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “up”\", \"word\": \"herauf-\"}], \"categories\": [\"German entries with incorrect language header\", \"German lemmas\", \"German prefixes\", \"German terms derived from Middle High German\", \"German terms derived from Old High German\", \"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages using catfix\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"gmh\", \"3\": \"abe, ab\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle High German abe, ab\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"goh\", \"3\": \"ab\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old High German ab\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*ab(a)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *ab(a)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*ab\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *ab\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"off-\"}, \"expansion\": \"English off-\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From ab, from Middle High German abe, ab, from Old High German ab, from Proto-West Germanic *ab(a), from Proto-Germanic *ab. Compare English off-.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"prefix\"}, \"expansion\": \"ab-\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"German\", \"lang_code\": \"de\", \"pos\": \"prefix\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"ab\"}], \"senses\": [{\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"ab- + fahren (“to drive”) → abfahren (“to depart, drive away”)\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"ab- + spülen (“to rinse, wash”) → abspülen (“to rinse off, wash off”)\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Separable verb prefix that indicates removal or quitting, off, away.\"], \"links\": [[\"off\", \"off\"], [\"away\", \"away\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"aus-\"}], \"tags\": [\"morpheme\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"ab- + tauchen (“to dive”) → abtauchen (“to submerge”)\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Separable verb prefix that indicates a downward movement, down.\"], \"links\": [[\"down\", \"down\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"hinab-\"}, {\"word\": \"herab-\"}, {\"word\": \"runter-\"}, {\"word\": \"herunter-\"}, {\"word\": \"hinunter-\"}], \"tags\": [\"morpheme\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"Separable verb prefix that indicates from or of.\"], \"links\": [[\"from\", \"from\"], [\"of\", \"of\"]], \"tags\": [\"morpheme\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"ab- + Art (“kind, sort”) → Abart (“variety, variant, anomality”)\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"ab- + Gott (“God”) → Abgott (“idol; god other than the true God”)\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"ab- + Laut (“sound”) → Ablaut (“ablaut; vowel gradation or alternation”)\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Noun prefix that indicates being different from the source or deviation.\"], \"links\": [[\"deviation\", \"deviation\"]], \"tags\": [\"morpheme\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ap/\", \"tags\": [\"Standard-German\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[ʔäpʰ]\", \"tags\": [\"Standard-German\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ab̥/\", \"tags\": [\"Switzerland\"]}, {\"audio\": \"De-ab-.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/De-ab-.ogg/De-ab-.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/De-ab-.ogg\"}], \"word\": \"ab-\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "German",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ab-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "ab-/German/prefix: invalid uppercase tag Standard-German not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “on”\", \"word\": \"an-\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “up”\", \"word\": \"auf-\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “up”\", \"word\": \"rauf-\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “up”\", \"word\": \"hinauf-\"}, {\"sense\": \"antonym(s) of “up”\", \"word\": \"herauf-\"}], \"categories\": [\"German entries with incorrect language header\", \"German lemmas\", \"German prefixes\", \"German terms derived from Middle High German\", \"German terms derived from Old High German\", \"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages using catfix\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"gmh\", \"3\": \"abe, ab\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle High German abe, ab\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"goh\", \"3\": \"ab\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old High German ab\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*ab(a)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *ab(a)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*ab\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *ab\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"off-\"}, \"expansion\": \"English off-\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From ab, from Middle High German abe, ab, from Old High German ab, from Proto-West Germanic *ab(a), from Proto-Germanic *ab. Compare English off-.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"prefix\"}, \"expansion\": \"ab-\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"German\", \"lang_code\": \"de\", \"pos\": \"prefix\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"ab\"}], \"senses\": [{\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"ab- + fahren (“to drive”) → abfahren (“to depart, drive away”)\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"ab- + spülen (“to rinse, wash”) → abspülen (“to rinse off, wash off”)\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Separable verb prefix that indicates removal or quitting, off, away.\"], \"links\": [[\"off\", \"off\"], [\"away\", \"away\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"aus-\"}], \"tags\": [\"morpheme\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"ab- + tauchen (“to dive”) → abtauchen (“to submerge”)\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Separable verb prefix that indicates a downward movement, down.\"], \"links\": [[\"down\", \"down\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"hinab-\"}, {\"word\": \"herab-\"}, {\"word\": \"runter-\"}, {\"word\": \"herunter-\"}, {\"word\": \"hinunter-\"}], \"tags\": [\"morpheme\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"Separable verb prefix that indicates from or of.\"], \"links\": [[\"from\", \"from\"], [\"of\", \"of\"]], \"tags\": [\"morpheme\"]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"ab- + Art (“kind, sort”) → Abart (“variety, variant, anomality”)\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"ab- + Gott (“God”) → Abgott (“idol; god other than the true God”)\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"ab- + Laut (“sound”) → Ablaut (“ablaut; vowel gradation or alternation”)\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Noun prefix that indicates being different from the source or deviation.\"], \"links\": [[\"deviation\", \"deviation\"]], \"tags\": [\"morpheme\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ap/\", \"tags\": [\"Standard-German\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[ʔäpʰ]\", \"tags\": [\"Standard-German\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ab̥/\", \"tags\": [\"Switzerland\"]}, {\"audio\": \"De-ab-.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/De-ab-.ogg/De-ab-.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/De-ab-.ogg\"}], \"word\": \"ab-\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "German",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ab-",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.