See toward on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for toward meaning in All languages combined (41.7kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "away from"
},
{
"word": "froward"
},
{
"word": "fromward"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "regression toward the mean"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "theretoward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wheretoward"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "toward"
},
"expansion": "Middle English toward",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tōward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tōward",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to",
"3": "ward"
},
"expansion": "to + -ward",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "tôwart"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German tôwart",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "toewaert"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch toewaert",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "toewaarts"
},
"expansion": "Dutch toewaarts",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zuowart"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German zuowart",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zūwart"
},
"expansion": "zūwart",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zuwärts"
},
"expansion": "German zuwärts",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "tilward"
},
"expansion": "Middle English tilward",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "tillward",
"t": "toward"
},
"expansion": "tillward (“toward”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English toward, from Old English tōweard, from Proto-West Germanic *tōward, equivalent to to + -ward. Cognate with Middle Low German tôwart, Middle Dutch toewaert (Modern Dutch toewaarts), Middle High German zuowart, zūwart (Modern German zuwärts). Compare also Middle English tilward, tillward (“toward”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prepositions",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "toward",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "toward",
"name": "en-prep"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧ward"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She moved toward the door.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Voice of America, Learning English (public domain), archived from the original on 2019-03-11",
"text": "Audio (US) (file)\nChina has claimed that South Korea's dust flies toward Shanghai.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the direction of."
],
"id": "en-toward-en-prep-JCjldYFc",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "naḥwa",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "نَحْوَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣawba",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "صَوْبَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "naḥyet",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "ناحية"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "depi",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "դեպի"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "pasiring"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kǎm",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "към"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "cap a"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "didla",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ᏗᏜ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "hoeng³",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "向"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiàng",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "向"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cháo",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "朝"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wǎng",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "往"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "k"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "směrem k"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "henimod"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "naar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "naartoe"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "al"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "poole"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "suunas"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "kohti"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "päin"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "vers"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mimartulebit",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "მიმართულებით"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mimart",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "მიმართ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "zu"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "in Richtung"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "nach"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "with zu, postpositively used",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "auf"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "du",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "𐌳𐌿"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pros",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "προς"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "prós",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
],
"word": "πρός"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "el",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "אל"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "l'-",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ל־"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-ah",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"idiomatic",
"mainly"
],
"word": "־ה"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "... kī taraf",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "... की तरफ़"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "... kī or",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "... की ओर"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "felé"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "til"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "vers"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "verso"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "chuig"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "chun"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "go dtí"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ionsar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "verso"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "incontro"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "no hō ni",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "の方に"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ni mukatte",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "に向かって"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "chpŭəhtɨw",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ឆ្ពោះទៅ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ro",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "로"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hyanghaeseo",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "향해서"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "berew",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "بەرەو"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "berev"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"roman": "werew",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "وەرەو"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
],
"word": "ergā"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ad"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "pretī"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "pretim"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "virzienā"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
],
"word": "pie"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "liv",
"lang": "Livonian",
"note": "pūolõ (postposition)",
"sense": "in the direction of"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kon",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "кон"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ke"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "mai"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ki"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "mot"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "beh samt",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "به سمت"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ku"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "do"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "w stronę"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "w kierunku"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "a"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "rumo a"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "até"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "spre"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "către"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "k",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "к"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "v napravlénii",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"tags": [
"with-dative"
],
"word": "в направле́нии"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "navstréču",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"tags": [
"with-dative"
],
"word": "навстре́чу"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "v stóronu",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
],
"word": "в сто́рону"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "prema"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "k"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ka"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "k"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "v ústrety"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "hacia"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "mot"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "till"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "patungo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sùu",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "สู่"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "long"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "do",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "до"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "v náprjamku",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "в на́прямку"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "... kī taraf",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "... کی طرف"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "về phía"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "về hướng"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "lü"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0 0",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "nei"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "What are your feelings toward him?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In relation to (someone or something)."
],
"id": "en-toward-en-prep-JqSHvjhZ",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "naḥū",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "نَحُو"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "naḥyet",
"sense": "in relation to",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "ناحية"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "nkatmamb",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "նկատմամբ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "za",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "за"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otnosno",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "относно"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "en relació a"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "envers"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "vers"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "關於"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "guaan¹ jy¹",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "关于"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "關於"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guānyú",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "关于"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "vůči"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "kohtaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "envers"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mimart",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "მიმართ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "zu"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"raw_tags": [
"used postpositively"
],
"sense": "in relation to",
"tags": [
"sometimes"
],
"word": "gegenüber"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "bezüglich"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "hinsichtlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pros",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "προς"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "benogéa le-",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "בנוגע ל־"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "iránt"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "terhadap"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "maidir le"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "verso"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ni",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "に"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ni taishite",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "に対して"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...e gwanhayeo",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "...에 관하여"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "angående"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "o"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "odnośnie"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "para com"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "o",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "о"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otnositelʹno",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "относительно"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "hacia"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "angående"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "rörande"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "om"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gàp",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "กับ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščódo",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "що́до"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 0 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "về"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I'm saving money toward retirement.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"For the purpose of attaining (an aim)."
],
"id": "en-toward-en-prep-GWI~6a1G",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "li-ʔajl",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "لِأَجْل"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕašān",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "عشان"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hamar",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "համար"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "za",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "за"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "per"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "per a"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "為了"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "wai⁶ liu⁵",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "为了"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "為了"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wèile",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "为了"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "na"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "henimod"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "varten"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "pour"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "für"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "um"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "zwecks"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gia",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "για"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lemáan",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "למען"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "-ra"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "-re"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "céljából"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "le haghaidh"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "per"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "ja",
"english": "no tame ni",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "のために"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...eul wihae",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "...을 위해"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "på grunn av"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "na"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "para"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "na",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "на"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "para"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "för"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "till"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "pʉ̂ʉa",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "เพื่อ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "cho"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 95 3",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "để"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Our place is over toward the station.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Located close to; near (a time or place)."
],
"id": "en-toward-en-prep-BCT1IR2c",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "biqurb",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "بِقُرْب"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔurāyeb men",
"sense": "located near",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "قريب من"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mot",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "մոտ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "okolo",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "около"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "對"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "doey³",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "对"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "對"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duì",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "对"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "poblíž"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "blízko"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "lähellä"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "päin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "près de"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "so um"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "gegen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "[in] Richtung"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pros",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "προς"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "bekirvát",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "בקרבת"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "leyád",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "ליד"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "felé"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "környékén"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "közelében"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "ag tarraingt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "presso"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "no chikaku ni",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "の近くに"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jjok",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "쪽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "koło"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "por"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "okolo",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "около"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "hacia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "vid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "glâi",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "ใกล้"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gʉ̀ʉap",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "เกือบ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 5 5 90",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "gần"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/to(ː)ɹd/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwo(ː)ɹd/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔɹd/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/toəd/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwoəd/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔɹd/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɘˈwoːd/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)d"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-toward.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/En-us-toward.ogg/En-us-toward.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/En-us-toward.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "towards"
}
],
"word": "toward"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "untoward"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "towardly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "towardness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "untoward"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "toward"
},
"expansion": "Middle English toward",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tōward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tōward",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to",
"3": "ward"
},
"expansion": "to + -ward",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "tôwart"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German tôwart",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "toewaert"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch toewaert",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "toewaarts"
},
"expansion": "Dutch toewaarts",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zuowart"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German zuowart",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zūwart"
},
"expansion": "zūwart",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zuwärts"
},
"expansion": "German zuwärts",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "tilward"
},
"expansion": "Middle English tilward",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "tillward",
"t": "toward"
},
"expansion": "tillward (“toward”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English toward, from Old English tōweard, from Proto-West Germanic *tōward, equivalent to to + -ward. Cognate with Middle Low German tôwart, Middle Dutch toewaert (Modern Dutch toewaarts), Middle High German zuowart, zūwart (Modern German zuwärts). Compare also Middle English tilward, tillward (“toward”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "toward (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧ward"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Yielding, pliant; docile; ready or apt to learn; not froward."
],
"id": "en-toward-en-adj-p7tgnZ8x",
"links": [
[
"Yielding",
"yielding"
],
[
"pliant",
"pliant"
],
[
"docile",
"docile"
],
[
"apt",
"apt"
],
[
"froward",
"froward"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 27 11 1 8 4 9 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 37 3 0 1 3 17 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 29 15 7 2 10 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 43 9 1 2 2 10 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ward",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 22 1 0 0 1 6 6 17 8 1 2 1 3 0 1 8 0 1 1 1 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 25 2 1 0 1 5 6 14 7 2 3 3 3 1 2 7 0 1 0 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 29 2 0 0 0 6 5 14 7 1 2 2 3 0 1 8 0 1 0 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ward",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Approaching, coming near; impending; present, at hand."
],
"id": "en-toward-en-adj-toJnOx~P",
"links": [
[
"Approaching",
"approaching"
],
[
"coming",
"coming"
],
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"impending",
"impending"
],
[
"present",
"present"
],
[
"at hand",
"at hand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Approaching, coming near; impending; present, at hand."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "6 83 10 1",
"sense": "approaching",
"word": "imminent"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Promising, likely."
],
"id": "en-toward-en-adj-tMdhBTbE",
"links": [
[
"Promising",
"promising"
],
[
"likely",
"likely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or archaic) Promising, likely."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Future; to-come."
],
"id": "en-toward-en-adj-PsWsvHuR",
"links": [
[
"Future",
"future"
],
[
"to-come",
"to-come"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Future; to-come."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/to(ː)ɹd/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwo(ː)ɹd/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔɹd/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/toəd/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwoəd/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔɹd/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɘˈwoːd/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)d"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-toward.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/En-us-toward.ogg/En-us-toward.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/En-us-toward.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"future"
],
"word": "coming"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "future"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "in the offing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "proximate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "impending"
}
],
"word": "toward"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "as toward"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "toward"
},
"expansion": "English: toward",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: toward"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tōwærd"
},
"expansion": "tōwærd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to",
"3": "-ward"
},
"expansion": "to + -ward",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tōweard, tōwærd; equivalent to to + -ward.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "toward",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"In the direction of; toward."
],
"id": "en-toward-enm-prep-mqYabiae",
"links": [
[
"toward",
"toward#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Into the presence of."
],
"id": "en-toward-enm-prep-Qo4SRumL"
},
{
"glosses": [
"In proximity to; near, by."
],
"id": "en-toward-enm-prep-B9sq-UFb",
"links": [
[
"proximity",
"proximity"
],
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"by",
"by"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "c. 1190 - 1215, Layamon, Laȝamon's Brut\nÞe while þe he spac touward Goden.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In an exchange or communication with; to."
],
"id": "en-toward-enm-prep-FN8VQ1b5",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Having a wont or tendency towards."
],
"id": "en-toward-enm-prep-ahQKwItk",
"links": [
[
"wont",
"wont"
],
[
"tendency",
"tendency"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Similar to."
],
"id": "en-toward-enm-prep-Y~cY9wI6"
},
{
"glosses": [
"Subject to; under the control of."
],
"id": "en-toward-enm-prep-xbUMuHDv"
},
{
"glosses": [
"Useful for; prepared for."
],
"id": "en-toward-enm-prep-5DITBxLI"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towarde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towart"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touarde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touwar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touwarde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towerd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towert"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "taward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tawarde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tawart"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "twoward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tort"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toweard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towearde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towarð"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towweard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touwward"
}
],
"word": "toward"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "toward"
},
"expansion": "English: toward",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: toward"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tōwærd"
},
"expansion": "tōwærd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to",
"3": "-ward"
},
"expansion": "to + -ward",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tōweard, tōwærd; equivalent to to + -ward.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "toward",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "toward",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "towardnesse"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Future, forthcoming; to come."
],
"id": "en-toward-enm-adj-3ZZPOppZ",
"links": [
[
"Future",
"future"
],
[
"forthcoming",
"forthcoming"
],
[
"to come",
"to come"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Near at hand; imminent, nigh."
],
"id": "en-toward-enm-adj-Sw2Pb~aH",
"links": [
[
"at hand",
"at hand"
],
[
"imminent",
"imminent"
],
[
"nigh",
"nigh"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Moving forth."
],
"id": "en-toward-enm-adj-P0hqAcuF",
"links": [
[
"forth",
"forth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"of goodwill, benevolent; well-tempered, gentle."
],
"id": "en-toward-enm-adj-hgxxqm6L",
"links": [
[
"goodwill",
"goodwill"
],
[
"benevolent",
"benevolent"
],
[
"well-tempered",
"well-tempered"
],
[
"gentle",
"gentle"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towarde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towart"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touarde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touwar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touwarde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towerd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towert"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "taward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tawarde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tawart"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "twoward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tort"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toweard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towearde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towarð"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towweard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touwward"
}
],
"word": "toward"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "as toward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "toward and froward"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tōwærd"
},
"expansion": "tōwærd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to",
"3": "-ward"
},
"expansion": "to + -ward",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tōweard, tōwærd; equivalent to to + -ward.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "toward",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "towardes"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"In a given direction, typically toward something specific."
],
"id": "en-toward-enm-adv-xgCMuJHm"
},
{
"glosses": [
"Nearly, almost."
],
"id": "en-toward-enm-adv-FPLoGURZ",
"links": [
[
"Nearly",
"nearly"
],
[
"almost",
"almost"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towarde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towart"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touarde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touwar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touwarde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towerd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towert"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "taward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tawarde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tawart"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "twoward"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tort"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toweard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towearde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towarð"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towweard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "touwward"
}
],
"word": "toward"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "away from"
},
{
"word": "froward"
},
{
"word": "fromward"
}
],
"categories": [
"American English",
"English 1-syllable words",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prepositions",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -ward",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English prepositions",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -ward",
"Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations",
"Requests for review of Malagasy translations",
"Requests for review of Mongolian translations",
"Requests for review of Romanian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "regression toward the mean"
},
{
"word": "theretoward"
},
{
"word": "wheretoward"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "toward"
},
"expansion": "Middle English toward",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tōward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tōward",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to",
"3": "ward"
},
"expansion": "to + -ward",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "tôwart"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German tôwart",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "toewaert"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch toewaert",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "toewaarts"
},
"expansion": "Dutch toewaarts",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zuowart"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German zuowart",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zūwart"
},
"expansion": "zūwart",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zuwärts"
},
"expansion": "German zuwärts",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "tilward"
},
"expansion": "Middle English tilward",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "tillward",
"t": "toward"
},
"expansion": "tillward (“toward”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English toward, from Old English tōweard, from Proto-West Germanic *tōward, equivalent to to + -ward. Cognate with Middle Low German tôwart, Middle Dutch toewaert (Modern Dutch toewaarts), Middle High German zuowart, zūwart (Modern German zuwärts). Compare also Middle English tilward, tillward (“toward”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prepositions",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "toward",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "toward",
"name": "en-prep"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧ward"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She moved toward the door.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Voice of America, Learning English (public domain), archived from the original on 2019-03-11",
"text": "Audio (US) (file)\nChina has claimed that South Korea's dust flies toward Shanghai.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the direction of."
],
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "What are your feelings toward him?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In relation to (someone or something)."
],
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I'm saving money toward retirement.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"For the purpose of attaining (an aim)."
],
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Our place is over toward the station.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Located close to; near (a time or place)."
],
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/to(ː)ɹd/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwo(ː)ɹd/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔɹd/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/toəd/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwoəd/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔɹd/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɘˈwoːd/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)d"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-toward.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/En-us-toward.ogg/En-us-toward.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/En-us-toward.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "towards"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "naḥwa",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "نَحْوَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣawba",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "صَوْبَ"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "naḥyet",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "ناحية"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "depi",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "դեպի"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "pasiring"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kǎm",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "към"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "cap a"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "didla",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ᏗᏜ"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "hoeng³",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "向"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiàng",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "向"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cháo",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "朝"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wǎng",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "往"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "k"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "směrem k"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "henimod"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "naar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "naartoe"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "al"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "poole"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "suunas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "kohti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "päin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "vers"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mimartulebit",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "მიმართულებით"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mimart",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "მიმართ"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "zu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "in Richtung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "nach"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "with zu, postpositively used",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "auf"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "du",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "𐌳𐌿"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pros",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "προς"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "prós",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
],
"word": "πρός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "el",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "אל"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "l'-",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ל־"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-ah",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"idiomatic",
"mainly"
],
"word": "־ה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "... kī taraf",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "... की तरफ़"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "... kī or",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "... की ओर"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "felé"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "til"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "vers"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "verso"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "chuig"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "chun"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "go dtí"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ionsar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "verso"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "incontro"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "no hō ni",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "の方に"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ni mukatte",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "に向かって"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "chpŭəhtɨw",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ឆ្ពោះទៅ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ro",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "로"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hyanghaeseo",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "향해서"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "berew",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "بەرەو"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "berev"
},
{
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"roman": "werew",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "وەرەو"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
],
"word": "ergā"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ad"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "pretī"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "pretim"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "virzienā"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
],
"word": "pie"
},
{
"code": "liv",
"lang": "Livonian",
"note": "pūolõ (postposition)",
"sense": "in the direction of"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kon",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "кон"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "mai"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ki"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "mot"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "beh samt",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "به سمت"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ku"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "do"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "w stronę"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "w kierunku"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "a"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "rumo a"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "até"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "spre"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "către"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "k",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "v napravlénii",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"tags": [
"with-dative"
],
"word": "в направле́нии"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "navstréču",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"tags": [
"with-dative"
],
"word": "навстре́чу"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "v stóronu",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
],
"word": "в сто́рону"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "prema"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "k"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "ka"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "k"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "v ústrety"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "hacia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "mot"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "till"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "patungo"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sùu",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "สู่"
},
{
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "long"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "do",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "до"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "v náprjamku",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "в на́прямку"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "... kī taraf",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "... کی طرف"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "về phía"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "về hướng"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "lü"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "in the direction of",
"word": "nei"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "naḥū",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "نَحُو"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "naḥyet",
"sense": "in relation to",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "ناحية"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "nkatmamb",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "նկատմամբ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "za",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "за"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otnosno",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "относно"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "en relació a"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "envers"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "vers"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "關於"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "guaan¹ jy¹",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "关于"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "關於"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guānyú",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "关于"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "vůči"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "kohtaan"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "envers"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mimart",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "მიმართ"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "zu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"raw_tags": [
"used postpositively"
],
"sense": "in relation to",
"tags": [
"sometimes"
],
"word": "gegenüber"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "bezüglich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "hinsichtlich"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pros",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "προς"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "benogéa le-",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "בנוגע ל־"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "iránt"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "terhadap"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "maidir le"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "verso"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ni",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "に"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ni taishite",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "に対して"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...e gwanhayeo",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "...에 관하여"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "angående"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "o"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "odnośnie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "para com"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "o",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "о"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otnositelʹno",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "относительно"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "sobre"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "hacia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "angående"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "rörande"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "om"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gàp",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "กับ"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščódo",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "що́до"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "in relation to",
"word": "về"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "li-ʔajl",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "لِأَجْل"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕašān",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "عشان"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hamar",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "համար"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "za",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "за"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "per"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "per a"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "為了"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "wai⁶ liu⁵",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "为了"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "為了"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wèile",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "为了"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "na"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "henimod"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "varten"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "pour"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "für"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "um"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "zwecks"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gia",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "για"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lemáan",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "למען"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "-ra"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "-re"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "céljából"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "le haghaidh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "per"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "no tame ni",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "のために"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "...eul wihae",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "...을 위해"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "på grunn av"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "na"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "para"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "na",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "на"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "para"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "för"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "till"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "pʉ̂ʉa",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "เพื่อ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "cho"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "for the purpose of",
"word": "để"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "biqurb",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "بِقُرْب"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔurāyeb men",
"sense": "located near",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "قريب من"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mot",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "մոտ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "okolo",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "около"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "對"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "doey³",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "对"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "對"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duì",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "对"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "poblíž"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "blízko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "lähellä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "päin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "près de"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "so um"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "gegen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "[in] Richtung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pros",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "προς"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "bekirvát",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "בקרבת"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "leyád",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "ליד"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "felé"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "környékén"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "közelében"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "ag tarraingt"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "presso"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "no chikaku ni",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "の近くに"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jjok",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "쪽"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "koło"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "por"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "okolo",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "около"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "hacia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "vid"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "glâi",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "ใกล้"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gʉ̀ʉap",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "เกือบ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "located near",
"word": "gần"
}
],
"word": "toward"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "untoward"
}
],
"categories": [
"American English",
"English 1-syllable words",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prepositions",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -ward",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English prepositions",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -ward",
"Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations",
"Requests for review of Malagasy translations",
"Requests for review of Mongolian translations",
"Requests for review of Romanian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)d/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "towardly"
},
{
"word": "towardness"
},
{
"word": "untoward"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "toward"
},
"expansion": "Middle English toward",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tōward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tōward",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to",
"3": "ward"
},
"expansion": "to + -ward",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "tôwart"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German tôwart",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "toewaert"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch toewaert",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "toewaarts"
},
"expansion": "Dutch toewaarts",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zuowart"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German zuowart",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zūwart"
},
"expansion": "zūwart",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zuwärts"
},
"expansion": "German zuwärts",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "tilward"
},
"expansion": "Middle English tilward",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "tillward",
"t": "toward"
},
"expansion": "tillward (“toward”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English toward, from Old English tōweard, from Proto-West Germanic *tōward, equivalent to to + -ward. Cognate with Middle Low German tôwart, Middle Dutch toewaert (Modern Dutch toewaarts), Middle High German zuowart, zūwart (Modern German zuwärts). Compare also Middle English tilward, tillward (“toward”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "toward (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧ward"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Yielding, pliant; docile; ready or apt to learn; not froward."
],
"links": [
[
"Yielding",
"yielding"
],
[
"pliant",
"pliant"
],
[
"docile",
"docile"
],
[
"apt",
"apt"
],
[
"froward",
"froward"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Approaching, coming near; impending; present, at hand."
],
"links": [
[
"Approaching",
"approaching"
],
[
"coming",
"coming"
],
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"impending",
"impending"
],
[
"present",
"present"
],
[
"at hand",
"at hand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Approaching, coming near; impending; present, at hand."
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Promising, likely."
],
"links": [
[
"Promising",
"promising"
],
[
"likely",
"likely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or archaic) Promising, likely."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Future; to-come."
],
"links": [
[
"Future",
"future"
],
[
"to-come",
"to-come"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Future; to-come."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔːd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔɹd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/to(ː)ɹd/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwo(ː)ɹd/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔɹd/",
"note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/toəd/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtwoəd/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/təˈwɔɹd/",
"note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɘˈwoːd/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)d"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-toward.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/En-us-toward.ogg/En-us-toward.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/En-us-toward.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"future"
],
"word": "coming"
},
{
"word": "future"
},
{
"sense": "approaching",
"word": "imminent"
},
{
"word": "in the offing"
},
{
"word": "proximate"
},
{
"word": "impending"
}
],
"word": "toward"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English prepositions",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -ward"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "as toward"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "toward"
},
"expansion": "English: toward",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: toward"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tōwærd"
},
"expansion": "tōwærd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to",
"3": "-ward"
},
"expansion": "to + -ward",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tōweard, tōwærd; equivalent to to + -ward.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "toward",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"In the direction of; toward."
],
"links": [
[
"toward",
"toward#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Into the presence of."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"In proximity to; near, by."
],
"links": [
[
"proximity",
"proximity"
],
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"by",
"by"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "c. 1190 - 1215, Layamon, Laȝamon's Brut\nÞe while þe he spac touward Goden.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In an exchange or communication with; to."
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Having a wont or tendency towards."
],
"links": [
[
"wont",
"wont"
],
[
"tendency",
"tendency"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Similar to."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Subject to; under the control of."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Useful for; prepared for."
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "towarde"
},
{
"word": "towar"
},
{
"word": "towart"
},
{
"word": "touard"
},
{
"word": "touarde"
},
{
"word": "touwar"
},
{
"word": "touward"
},
{
"word": "touwarde"
},
{
"word": "towerd"
},
{
"word": "towert"
},
{
"word": "taward"
},
{
"word": "tawarde"
},
{
"word": "tawart"
},
{
"word": "twoward"
},
{
"word": "tort"
},
{
"word": "toweard"
},
{
"word": "towearde"
},
{
"word": "towarð"
},
{
"word": "towweard"
},
{
"word": "touwward"
}
],
"word": "toward"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English prepositions",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -ward"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "toward"
},
"expansion": "English: toward",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: toward"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tōwærd"
},
"expansion": "tōwærd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to",
"3": "-ward"
},
"expansion": "to + -ward",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tōweard, tōwærd; equivalent to to + -ward.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "toward",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "toward",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "towardnesse"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Future, forthcoming; to come."
],
"links": [
[
"Future",
"future"
],
[
"forthcoming",
"forthcoming"
],
[
"to come",
"to come"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Near at hand; imminent, nigh."
],
"links": [
[
"at hand",
"at hand"
],
[
"imminent",
"imminent"
],
[
"nigh",
"nigh"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Moving forth."
],
"links": [
[
"forth",
"forth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"of goodwill, benevolent; well-tempered, gentle."
],
"links": [
[
"goodwill",
"goodwill"
],
[
"benevolent",
"benevolent"
],
[
"well-tempered",
"well-tempered"
],
[
"gentle",
"gentle"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "towarde"
},
{
"word": "towar"
},
{
"word": "towart"
},
{
"word": "touard"
},
{
"word": "touarde"
},
{
"word": "touwar"
},
{
"word": "touward"
},
{
"word": "touwarde"
},
{
"word": "towerd"
},
{
"word": "towert"
},
{
"word": "taward"
},
{
"word": "tawarde"
},
{
"word": "tawart"
},
{
"word": "twoward"
},
{
"word": "tort"
},
{
"word": "toweard"
},
{
"word": "towearde"
},
{
"word": "towarð"
},
{
"word": "towweard"
},
{
"word": "touwward"
}
],
"word": "toward"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English prepositions",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -ward"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "toward and froward"
},
{
"word": "as toward"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tōweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English tōweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tōwærd"
},
"expansion": "tōwærd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to",
"3": "-ward"
},
"expansion": "to + -ward",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tōweard, tōwærd; equivalent to to + -ward.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "toward",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"word": "towardes"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"In a given direction, typically toward something specific."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Nearly, almost."
],
"links": [
[
"Nearly",
"nearly"
],
[
"almost",
"almost"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "towarde"
},
{
"word": "towar"
},
{
"word": "towart"
},
{
"word": "touard"
},
{
"word": "touarde"
},
{
"word": "touwar"
},
{
"word": "touward"
},
{
"word": "touwarde"
},
{
"word": "towerd"
},
{
"word": "towert"
},
{
"word": "taward"
},
{
"word": "tawarde"
},
{
"word": "tawart"
},
{
"word": "twoward"
},
{
"word": "tort"
},
{
"word": "toweard"
},
{
"word": "towearde"
},
{
"word": "towarð"
},
{
"word": "towweard"
},
{
"word": "touwward"
}
],
"word": "toward"
}
{
"called_from": "translations/611",
"msg": "suspicious translation with '[': {'lang': 'German', 'code': 'de', 'sense': 'located near', 'word': '[in] Richtung'}",
"path": [
"toward"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "toward",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.