See towar on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
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"args": {
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},
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],
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},
{
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{
"args": {
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{
"args": {
"1": "15th century"
},
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],
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{
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"tags": [
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"pos": "noun",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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{
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{
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"categories": [
{
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{
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{
"ref": "1936 [End of the 15th century], Stanisław Estreicher, editor, Najstarszy zbiór przywilejów i wilkierzy miasta Krakowa, Krakow, page 47:",
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"type": "quote"
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{
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"text": "Obligatus est statuere pecora, pecudes et alia quamplura vlg. thowaru pro viginti marcis",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"merchandise, commodity, goods"
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"id": "en-towar-zlw-opl-noun-32f10iyx",
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[
"commodity",
"commodity"
],
[
"goods",
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],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) merchandise, commodity, goods"
]
},
{
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"text": "Habebunt conservacionem... cum omni ipsorum thesauro et cum omnibus ipsorum bonis et cum omnibus, quecunque habebunt, et cum servitoribus ipsorum al. s towarem venire in nostram terram, et venire et manere",
"type": "quote"
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],
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"merchandise, commodity, goods",
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],
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"merchandise",
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],
[
"commodity",
"commodity"
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[
"goods",
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[
"movable",
"movable"
],
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"service",
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]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) merchandise, commodity, goods",
"movable property and service"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔvaːr/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔvɒr/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "towar"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gorący towar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish towar.",
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"form": "towarek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
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},
{
"form": "towarowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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},
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"form": "towar",
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"tags": [
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},
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"form": "towary",
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},
{
"form": "towaru",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarów",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarom",
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"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towar",
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"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towary",
"source": "declension",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarach",
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"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
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},
{
"form": "towarze",
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{
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"to‧war"
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"_dis": "10 2 41 4 2 34 7",
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],
"tags": [
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"masculine"
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},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-towar-pl-noun-GrNzHicj",
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[
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"(colloquial) young, sexually attractive woman"
],
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 2 67 4 2 5 8",
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{
"_dis": "10 2 41 4 2 34 7",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cargo train, freight train, goods train"
],
"id": "en-towar-pl-noun-dTwmwIS-",
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"cargo train",
"cargo train"
],
[
"freight train",
"freight train"
],
[
"goods train",
"goods train"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) cargo train, freight train, goods train"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brutto"
},
{
"word": "pociąg towarowy"
},
{
"word": "towarowiec"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"rawhide or leather of a shoe"
],
"id": "en-towar-pl-noun-Ec7Zy9XQ",
"links": [
[
"rawhide",
"rawhide"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
],
[
"shoe",
"shoe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) rawhide or leather of a shoe"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"cattle"
],
"id": "en-towar-pl-noun-rdC4hzlX",
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) cattle"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bydło"
}
],
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"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Forestry",
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{
"_dis": "12 4 12 6 2 43 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
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{
"_dis": "10 4 8 5 2 53 19",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "10 2 41 4 2 34 7",
"kind": "topical",
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"Transport",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"framed wood with a sharp edge"
],
"id": "en-towar-pl-noun-byU28aAO",
"links": [
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"forestry"
],
[
"framed",
"framed"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"edge",
"edge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(forestry) framed wood with a sharp edge"
],
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{
"word": "bydło"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
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"forestry"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 16 0 23 0 1 60",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female people",
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"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
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"Sociology",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"illegal drugs"
],
"id": "en-towar-pl-noun-pl:slang",
"links": [
[
"illegal",
"illegal"
],
[
"drugs",
"drugs"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) illegal drugs"
],
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"masculine",
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔ.var/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔ.vɒr/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvar"
}
],
"word": "towar"
}
{
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"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
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"Old Polish terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Female people",
"pl:Rail transportation",
"pl:Vehicles"
],
"descendants": [
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},
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"2": "tŏwŏr"
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{
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"1": "15th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 15th century",
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],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "towar m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
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}
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"expansion": "towar m animacy unattested",
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"pos": "noun",
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"word": "towarzyski"
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{
"word": "towarzyszny"
},
{
"word": "towarzyskość"
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{
"word": "towarzystwo"
},
{
"word": "towarzysz"
},
{
"word": "towarzyszka"
}
],
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"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
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{
"ref": "1936 [End of the 15th century], Stanisław Estreicher, editor, Najstarszy zbiór przywilejów i wilkierzy miasta Krakowa, Krakow, page 47:",
"text": "Pilnosczom doglendacz chczemy, sze wselky thowar... po latwem, rownem, *sprawietlywem targu przedano, myerzono, wazono",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1868 [1440], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XII, page 79:",
"text": "Obligatus est statuere pecora, pecudes et alia quamplura vlg. thowaru pro viginti marcis",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"merchandise, commodity, goods"
],
"links": [
[
"merchandise",
"merchandise"
],
[
"commodity",
"commodity"
],
[
"goods",
"goods"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) merchandise, commodity, goods"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1874 [1485], Monumenta Medii Aevi Historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. Pomniki Dziejowe Wieków Średnich do objaśnienia rzeczy polskich służące, volume XIV, page 334:",
"text": "Habebunt conservacionem... cum omni ipsorum thesauro et cum omnibus ipsorum bonis et cum omnibus, quecunque habebunt, et cum servitoribus ipsorum al. s towarem venire in nostram terram, et venire et manere",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"merchandise, commodity, goods",
"movable property and service"
],
"links": [
[
"merchandise",
"merchandise"
],
[
"commodity",
"commodity"
],
[
"goods",
"goods"
],
[
"movable",
"movable"
],
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"service",
"service"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) merchandise, commodity, goods",
"movable property and service"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔvaːr/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔvɒr/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "towar"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Polish terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvar",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvar/2 syllables",
"pl:Female people",
"pl:Rail transportation",
"pl:Vehicles"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gorący towar"
},
{
"word": "towarowiec"
},
{
"word": "żywy towar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "trk",
"4": "trk-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "towar",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish towar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "towar"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish towar",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish towar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "towarek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "towarowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "towar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towary",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towary",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towary",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "towarowy",
"dim": "towarek"
},
"expansion": "towar m inan (diminutive towarek, related adjective towarowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧war"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "towarowo"
},
{
"word": "towarowość"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"merchandise, commodity, goods"
],
"links": [
[
"merchandise",
"merchandise"
],
[
"commodity",
"commodity"
],
[
"goods",
"goods"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"young, sexually attractive woman"
],
"links": [
[
"young",
"young"
],
[
"attractive",
"attractive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) young, sexually attractive woman"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"cargo train, freight train, goods train"
],
"links": [
[
"cargo train",
"cargo train"
],
[
"freight train",
"freight train"
],
[
"goods train",
"goods train"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) cargo train, freight train, goods train"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brutto"
},
{
"word": "pociąg towarowy"
},
{
"word": "towarowiec"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"rawhide or leather of a shoe"
],
"links": [
[
"rawhide",
"rawhide"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
],
[
"shoe",
"shoe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) rawhide or leather of a shoe"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"cattle"
],
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) cattle"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bydło"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Forestry"
],
"glosses": [
"framed wood with a sharp edge"
],
"links": [
[
"forestry",
"forestry"
],
[
"framed",
"framed"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"edge",
"edge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(forestry) framed wood with a sharp edge"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bydło"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"forestry"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish slang"
],
"glosses": [
"illegal drugs"
],
"links": [
[
"illegal",
"illegal"
],
[
"drugs",
"drugs"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) illegal drugs"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:slang"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔ.var/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔ.vɒr/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvar"
}
],
"word": "towar"
}
Download raw JSONL data for towar meaning in All languages combined (9.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'towar m animacy unattested' in 'towar m animacy unattested'",
"path": [
"towar"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "towar",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.