See ad in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ad absurdum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ad amussim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ad arma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ad astra"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ad hoc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ad hominem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ad infinitum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ad kalendas Graecas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ad libitum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ad nauseam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ad omnia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ad referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ad unguem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ad valorem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ad-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "atque"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "à"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: à",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: à"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "a",
"alt": "a(d)"
},
"expansion": "Italian: a(d)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: a(d) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Romance of N. Italy:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Old French: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "à"
},
"expansion": "French: à",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "French: à (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ole",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Old Leonese: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Leonese: a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ext",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Extremaduran: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Extremaduran: a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-leo",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Leonese: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Leonese: a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwl",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Mirandese: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mirandese: a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: a",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: a (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ad",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: ad",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: ad"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "itc-pro>*ad>to",
"id": "to"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*ad"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *ad",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂éd",
"4": "",
"5": "near, at"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "at"
},
"expansion": "English at",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include English at.\nThe accusative is from the hypothesized pre-PIE allative (or 'directional'), which merged with the accusative case in Proto-Italic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "accusative"
},
"expansion": "ad (+ accusative)",
"name": "la-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship.",
"ref": "c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 4",
"text": "Fugere ad puppim collēs campīque videntur."
},
{
"english": "At noon the shadows fall towards the north, [and] at sunrise, point to the west.",
"ref": "c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 2",
"text": "Meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum."
},
{
"english": "Stretching both hands to the stars.",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.93",
"text": "Duplices tendens ad sidera palmas."
}
],
"glosses": [
"toward, to"
],
"id": "en-ad-la-prep-3eQORcyd",
"links": [
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"qualifier": "direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(direction) toward, to"
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 10 10 6 8 9 7 7 7 10 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"up to (indicating direction upwards)"
],
"id": "en-ad-la-prep-q2iSaIky",
"links": [
[
"up to",
"up to"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 10 10 6 8 9 7 7 7 10 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the residences being given near the Murcia",
"ref": "27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.33",
"text": "ad Murciae datae sedes"
}
],
"glosses": [
"near, by, close by, at, to (indicating location)"
],
"id": "en-ad-la-prep-N4AyIIlA",
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"close by",
"close by"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They are leaning against the trees.",
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.27",
"text": "Sē ad arborēs applicant."
}
],
"glosses": [
"against, on, upon (indicating position)"
],
"id": "en-ad-la-prep-DV~3r-DZ",
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 8 5 4 24 7 4 3 13 5 17 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at, about, around, on, in (indicating a point in time)"
],
"id": "en-ad-la-prep-B9Z~iFCR",
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"around",
"around"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 10 10 6 8 9 7 7 7 10 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"until, to, up to, till (indicating the extent of time)"
],
"id": "en-ad-la-prep-rXPBznE7",
"links": [
[
"until",
"until"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"up to",
"up to"
],
[
"till",
"till"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "For the greater glory of God.",
"text": "Ad maiōrem Deī glōriam.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for, to, toward (indicating purpose or aim)"
],
"id": "en-ad-la-prep-cTAjaOLy",
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "To resort to violence and to fighting.",
"text": "Ad vim atque ad arma confugere.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in order to, to, for (indicating means)"
],
"id": "en-ad-la-prep-Z7ZfcfHI",
"links": [
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in comparison with, in comparison to, in relation to"
],
"id": "en-ad-la-prep-27Qprq1n",
"links": [
[
"comparison",
"comparison"
],
[
"relation",
"relation"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 10 9 6 9 8 6 7 7 13 8 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 10 6 8 9 7 7 7 10 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"according to (indicating conformity)"
],
"id": "en-ad-la-prep-z7qKdZTD",
"links": [
[
"according to",
"according to"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in consequence of"
],
"id": "en-ad-la-prep-sxEqox6f",
"links": [
[
"consequence",
"consequence"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"against, at (indicating movement 'toward' but in a hostile manner)"
],
"id": "en-ad-la-prep-j3GUpDbx",
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
],
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"among, amongst (indicating the sharing of a characteristic)"
],
"id": "en-ad-la-prep-Lz8M-MS9",
"links": [
[
"among",
"among"
],
[
"amongst",
"amongst"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ad/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[äd̪]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ad/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[äd̪]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "at"
}
],
"word": "ad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin accusative prepositions",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prepositions",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 29 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ad absurdum"
},
{
"word": "ad amussim"
},
{
"word": "ad arma"
},
{
"word": "ad astra"
},
{
"word": "ad hoc"
},
{
"word": "ad hominem"
},
{
"word": "ad infinitum"
},
{
"word": "ad kalendas Graecas"
},
{
"word": "ad libitum"
},
{
"word": "ad nauseam"
},
{
"word": "ad omnia"
},
{
"word": "ad referendum"
},
{
"word": "ad unguem"
},
{
"word": "ad valorem"
},
{
"word": "ad-"
},
{
"word": "atque"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "à"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: à",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: à"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "a",
"alt": "a(d)"
},
"expansion": "Italian: a(d)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: a(d) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Romance of N. Italy:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Old French: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "à"
},
"expansion": "French: à",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "French: à (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ole",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Old Leonese: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Leonese: a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ext",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Extremaduran: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Extremaduran: a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-leo",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Leonese: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Leonese: a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwl",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Mirandese: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mirandese: a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: a",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: a (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "a"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ad",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: ad",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: ad"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "itc-pro>*ad>to",
"id": "to"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*ad"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *ad",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂éd",
"4": "",
"5": "near, at"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "at"
},
"expansion": "English at",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include English at.\nThe accusative is from the hypothesized pre-PIE allative (or 'directional'), which merged with the accusative case in Proto-Italic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "accusative"
},
"expansion": "ad (+ accusative)",
"name": "la-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship.",
"ref": "c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 4",
"text": "Fugere ad puppim collēs campīque videntur."
},
{
"english": "At noon the shadows fall towards the north, [and] at sunrise, point to the west.",
"ref": "c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 2",
"text": "Meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum."
},
{
"english": "Stretching both hands to the stars.",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.93",
"text": "Duplices tendens ad sidera palmas."
}
],
"glosses": [
"toward, to"
],
"links": [
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"qualifier": "direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(direction) toward, to"
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"up to (indicating direction upwards)"
],
"links": [
[
"up to",
"up to"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the residences being given near the Murcia",
"ref": "27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.33",
"text": "ad Murciae datae sedes"
}
],
"glosses": [
"near, by, close by, at, to (indicating location)"
],
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"close by",
"close by"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They are leaning against the trees.",
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.27",
"text": "Sē ad arborēs applicant."
}
],
"glosses": [
"against, on, upon (indicating position)"
],
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"at, about, around, on, in (indicating a point in time)"
],
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"around",
"around"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"until, to, up to, till (indicating the extent of time)"
],
"links": [
[
"until",
"until"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"up to",
"up to"
],
[
"till",
"till"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "For the greater glory of God.",
"text": "Ad maiōrem Deī glōriam.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for, to, toward (indicating purpose or aim)"
],
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "To resort to violence and to fighting.",
"text": "Ad vim atque ad arma confugere.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in order to, to, for (indicating means)"
],
"links": [
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in comparison with, in comparison to, in relation to"
],
"links": [
[
"comparison",
"comparison"
],
[
"relation",
"relation"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"according to (indicating conformity)"
],
"links": [
[
"according to",
"according to"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in consequence of"
],
"links": [
[
"consequence",
"consequence"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"against, at (indicating movement 'toward' but in a hostile manner)"
],
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
],
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"among, amongst (indicating the sharing of a characteristic)"
],
"links": [
[
"among",
"among"
],
[
"amongst",
"amongst"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ad/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[äd̪]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ad/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[äd̪]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "at"
}
],
"word": "ad"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ad meaning in Latin (8.9kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "ad/Latin/prep: invalid uppercase tag Classical-Latin not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Latin 1-syllable words\", \"Latin accusative prepositions\", \"Latin entries with incorrect language header\", \"Latin lemmas\", \"Latin prepositions\", \"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic\", \"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European\", \"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic\", \"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Pages with 29 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"ad absurdum\"}, {\"word\": \"ad amussim\"}, {\"word\": \"ad arma\"}, {\"word\": \"ad astra\"}, {\"word\": \"ad hoc\"}, {\"word\": \"ad hominem\"}, {\"word\": \"ad infinitum\"}, {\"word\": \"ad kalendas Graecas\"}, {\"word\": \"ad libitum\"}, {\"word\": \"ad nauseam\"}, {\"word\": \"ad omnia\"}, {\"word\": \"ad referendum\"}, {\"word\": \"ad unguem\"}, {\"word\": \"ad valorem\"}, {\"word\": \"ad-\"}, {\"word\": \"atque\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"Balkan Romance:\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ro\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Romanian: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Romanian: a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"Dalmatian:\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"Italo-Romance:\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"co\", \"2\": \"à\"}, \"expansion\": \"Corsican: à\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Corsican: à\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"it\", \"2\": \"a\", \"alt\": \"a(d)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Italian: a(d)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"(see there for further descendants)\", \"name\": \"see desc\"}], \"text\": \"Italian: a(d) (see there for further descendants)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"scn\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sicilian: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Sicilian: a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"Western Romance of N. Italy:\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fur\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Friulian: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Friulian: a\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lij\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ligurian: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Ligurian: a\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"rgn\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Romagnol: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Romagnol: a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"Gallo-Romance:\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ca\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Catalan: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Catalan: a\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"frp\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Franco-Provençal: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Franco-Provençal: a\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fro\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Old French: a\"}, {\"depth\": 3, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"à\"}, \"expansion\": \"French: à\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"(see there for further descendants)\", \"name\": \"see desc\"}], \"text\": \"French: à (see there for further descendants)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"oc\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Occitan: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Occitan: a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"Ibero-Romance:\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"an\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Aragonese: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Aragonese: a\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"roa-ole\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Leonese: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Old Leonese: a\"}, {\"depth\": 3, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ast\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Asturian: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Asturian: a\"}, {\"depth\": 3, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ext\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Extremaduran: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Extremaduran: a\"}, {\"depth\": 3, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"roa-leo\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Leonese: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Leonese: a\"}, {\"depth\": 3, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mwl\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Mirandese: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Mirandese: a\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"roa-opt\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Galician-Portuguese: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"(see there for further descendants)\", \"name\": \"see desc\"}], \"text\": \"Old Galician-Portuguese: a (see there for further descendants)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Spanish: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Spanish: a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"Borrowings:\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ad\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ English: ad\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ English: ad\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"inh\", \"3\": \"itc-pro>*ad>to\", \"id\": \"to\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"etymon\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"itc-pro\", \"3\": \"*ad\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Italic *ad\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₂éd\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near, at\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"at\"}, \"expansion\": \"English at\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include English at.\\nThe accusative is from the hypothesized pre-PIE allative (or 'directional'), which merged with the accusative case in Proto-Italic.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"accusative\"}, \"expansion\": \"ad (+ accusative)\", \"name\": \"la-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"lang_code\": \"la\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"The hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship.\", \"ref\": \"c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 4\", \"text\": \"Fugere ad puppim collēs campīque videntur.\"}, {\"english\": \"At noon the shadows fall towards the north, [and] at sunrise, point to the west.\", \"ref\": \"c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 2\", \"text\": \"Meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum.\"}, {\"english\": \"Stretching both hands to the stars.\", \"ref\": \"29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.93\", \"text\": \"Duplices tendens ad sidera palmas.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"toward, to\"], \"links\": [[\"toward\", \"toward\"], [\"to\", \"to\"]], \"qualifier\": \"direction\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(direction) toward, to\"], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"up to (indicating direction upwards)\"], \"links\": [[\"up to\", \"up to\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"the residences being given near the Murcia\", \"ref\": \"27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.33\", \"text\": \"ad Murciae datae sedes\"}], \"glosses\": [\"near, by, close by, at, to (indicating location)\"], \"links\": [[\"near\", \"near\"], [\"by\", \"by\"], [\"close by\", \"close by\"], [\"at\", \"at\"], [\"to\", \"to\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"They are leaning against the trees.\", \"ref\": \"c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.27\", \"text\": \"Sē ad arborēs applicant.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"against, on, upon (indicating position)\"], \"links\": [[\"against\", \"against\"], [\"on\", \"on\"], [\"upon\", \"upon\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"at, about, around, on, in (indicating a point in time)\"], \"links\": [[\"at\", \"at\"], [\"about\", \"about\"], [\"around\", \"around\"], [\"on\", \"on\"], [\"in\", \"in\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"until, to, up to, till (indicating the extent of time)\"], \"links\": [[\"until\", \"until\"], [\"to\", \"to\"], [\"up to\", \"up to\"], [\"till\", \"till\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"For the greater glory of God.\", \"text\": \"Ad maiōrem Deī glōriam.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"for, to, toward (indicating purpose or aim)\"], \"links\": [[\"for\", \"for\"], [\"to\", \"to\"], [\"toward\", \"toward\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"To resort to violence and to fighting.\", \"text\": \"Ad vim atque ad arma confugere.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"in order to, to, for (indicating means)\"], \"links\": [[\"in order to\", \"in order to\"], [\"to\", \"to\"], [\"for\", \"for\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"in comparison with, in comparison to, in relation to\"], \"links\": [[\"comparison\", \"comparison\"], [\"relation\", \"relation\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"according to (indicating conformity)\"], \"links\": [[\"according to\", \"according to\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"in consequence of\"], \"links\": [[\"consequence\", \"consequence\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"against, at (indicating movement 'toward' but in a hostile manner)\"], \"links\": [[\"against\", \"against\"], [\"at\", \"at\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"among, amongst (indicating the sharing of a characteristic)\"], \"links\": [[\"among\", \"among\"], [\"amongst\", \"amongst\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ad/\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Latin\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[äd̪]\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Latin\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ad/\", \"note\": \"modern Italianate Ecclesiastical\"}, {\"ipa\": \"[äd̪]\", \"note\": \"modern Italianate Ecclesiastical\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"at\"}], \"word\": \"ad\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "prep",
"title": "ad",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "ad/Latin/prep: invalid uppercase tag Classical-Latin not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Latin 1-syllable words\", \"Latin accusative prepositions\", \"Latin entries with incorrect language header\", \"Latin lemmas\", \"Latin prepositions\", \"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic\", \"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European\", \"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic\", \"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Pages with 29 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"ad absurdum\"}, {\"word\": \"ad amussim\"}, {\"word\": \"ad arma\"}, {\"word\": \"ad astra\"}, {\"word\": \"ad hoc\"}, {\"word\": \"ad hominem\"}, {\"word\": \"ad infinitum\"}, {\"word\": \"ad kalendas Graecas\"}, {\"word\": \"ad libitum\"}, {\"word\": \"ad nauseam\"}, {\"word\": \"ad omnia\"}, {\"word\": \"ad referendum\"}, {\"word\": \"ad unguem\"}, {\"word\": \"ad valorem\"}, {\"word\": \"ad-\"}, {\"word\": \"atque\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"Balkan Romance:\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ro\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Romanian: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Romanian: a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"Dalmatian:\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"Italo-Romance:\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"co\", \"2\": \"à\"}, \"expansion\": \"Corsican: à\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Corsican: à\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"it\", \"2\": \"a\", \"alt\": \"a(d)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Italian: a(d)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"(see there for further descendants)\", \"name\": \"see desc\"}], \"text\": \"Italian: a(d) (see there for further descendants)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"scn\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sicilian: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Sicilian: a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"Western Romance of N. Italy:\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fur\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Friulian: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Friulian: a\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lij\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ligurian: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Ligurian: a\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"rgn\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Romagnol: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Romagnol: a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"Gallo-Romance:\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ca\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Catalan: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Catalan: a\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"frp\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Franco-Provençal: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Franco-Provençal: a\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fro\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Old French: a\"}, {\"depth\": 3, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"à\"}, \"expansion\": \"French: à\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"(see there for further descendants)\", \"name\": \"see desc\"}], \"text\": \"French: à (see there for further descendants)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"oc\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Occitan: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Occitan: a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"Ibero-Romance:\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"an\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Aragonese: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Aragonese: a\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"roa-ole\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Leonese: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Old Leonese: a\"}, {\"depth\": 3, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ast\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Asturian: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Asturian: a\"}, {\"depth\": 3, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ext\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Extremaduran: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Extremaduran: a\"}, {\"depth\": 3, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"roa-leo\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Leonese: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Leonese: a\"}, {\"depth\": 3, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mwl\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Mirandese: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Mirandese: a\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"roa-opt\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Galician-Portuguese: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"(see there for further descendants)\", \"name\": \"see desc\"}], \"text\": \"Old Galician-Portuguese: a (see there for further descendants)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"a\"}, \"expansion\": \"Spanish: a\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Spanish: a\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"Borrowings:\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ad\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ English: ad\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ English: ad\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"inh\", \"3\": \"itc-pro>*ad>to\", \"id\": \"to\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"etymon\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"itc-pro\", \"3\": \"*ad\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Italic *ad\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₂éd\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"near, at\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"at\"}, \"expansion\": \"English at\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include English at.\\nThe accusative is from the hypothesized pre-PIE allative (or 'directional'), which merged with the accusative case in Proto-Italic.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"accusative\"}, \"expansion\": \"ad (+ accusative)\", \"name\": \"la-prep\"}], \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"lang_code\": \"la\", \"pos\": \"prep\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"The hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship.\", \"ref\": \"c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 4\", \"text\": \"Fugere ad puppim collēs campīque videntur.\"}, {\"english\": \"At noon the shadows fall towards the north, [and] at sunrise, point to the west.\", \"ref\": \"c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 2\", \"text\": \"Meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum.\"}, {\"english\": \"Stretching both hands to the stars.\", \"ref\": \"29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.93\", \"text\": \"Duplices tendens ad sidera palmas.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"toward, to\"], \"links\": [[\"toward\", \"toward\"], [\"to\", \"to\"]], \"qualifier\": \"direction\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(direction) toward, to\"], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"up to (indicating direction upwards)\"], \"links\": [[\"up to\", \"up to\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"the residences being given near the Murcia\", \"ref\": \"27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.33\", \"text\": \"ad Murciae datae sedes\"}], \"glosses\": [\"near, by, close by, at, to (indicating location)\"], \"links\": [[\"near\", \"near\"], [\"by\", \"by\"], [\"close by\", \"close by\"], [\"at\", \"at\"], [\"to\", \"to\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"They are leaning against the trees.\", \"ref\": \"c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.27\", \"text\": \"Sē ad arborēs applicant.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"against, on, upon (indicating position)\"], \"links\": [[\"against\", \"against\"], [\"on\", \"on\"], [\"upon\", \"upon\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"at, about, around, on, in (indicating a point in time)\"], \"links\": [[\"at\", \"at\"], [\"about\", \"about\"], [\"around\", \"around\"], [\"on\", \"on\"], [\"in\", \"in\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"until, to, up to, till (indicating the extent of time)\"], \"links\": [[\"until\", \"until\"], [\"to\", \"to\"], [\"up to\", \"up to\"], [\"till\", \"till\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"For the greater glory of God.\", \"text\": \"Ad maiōrem Deī glōriam.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"for, to, toward (indicating purpose or aim)\"], \"links\": [[\"for\", \"for\"], [\"to\", \"to\"], [\"toward\", \"toward\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"To resort to violence and to fighting.\", \"text\": \"Ad vim atque ad arma confugere.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"in order to, to, for (indicating means)\"], \"links\": [[\"in order to\", \"in order to\"], [\"to\", \"to\"], [\"for\", \"for\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"in comparison with, in comparison to, in relation to\"], \"links\": [[\"comparison\", \"comparison\"], [\"relation\", \"relation\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"according to (indicating conformity)\"], \"links\": [[\"according to\", \"according to\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"in consequence of\"], \"links\": [[\"consequence\", \"consequence\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"against, at (indicating movement 'toward' but in a hostile manner)\"], \"links\": [[\"against\", \"against\"], [\"at\", \"at\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"among, amongst (indicating the sharing of a characteristic)\"], \"links\": [[\"among\", \"among\"], [\"amongst\", \"amongst\"]], \"tags\": [\"with-accusative\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ad/\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Latin\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[äd̪]\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Latin\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ad/\", \"note\": \"modern Italianate Ecclesiastical\"}, {\"ipa\": \"[äd̪]\", \"note\": \"modern Italianate Ecclesiastical\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"at\"}], \"word\": \"ad\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "prep",
"title": "ad",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.