See -um- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -um- meaning in All languages combined (12.1kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"um"
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto 1894 Universala Vortaro",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto BRO1",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Words approved by the Akademio de Esperanto",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 16 11 11 8 18 2 5 1 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "brako (“arm”) + -um- → brakumi (“to hug”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dekstra (“right”) + -um- → dekstruma (“clockwise”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "komuna (“common”) + -um- → komunumo (“community”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mondo (“world”) + -um- → mondumo (“high society”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "proksima (“near”) + -um- → proksimume (“approximately”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kruco (“cross”) + -um- → krucumi (“to crucify”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kolo (“neck”) + -um- → kolumo (“collar”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"related in an unspecific way. A lexical suffix with no fixed meaning or part of speech."
],
"id": "en--um--eo-suffix-XwFXi7eb",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[um]"
}
],
"word": "-um-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-, from Proto-Austronesian *-um-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hiligaynon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hiligaynon infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 16 11 11 8 18 2 5 1 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an agent trigger infix"
],
"id": "en--um--hil-infix-27FN6OA7",
"links": [
[
"infix",
"infix#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "eo",
"3": "-um-"
},
"expansion": "Esperanto -um-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Esperanto -um-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 16 11 11 8 18 2 5 1 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "honoro (“honor”) → honorumala (“honorary”)"
},
{
"text": "kruco (“cross”) → krucumar (“to cross (another road etc.)”)"
},
{
"text": "orelo (“ear”) → orelumo (“ear-covering, earlap”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix to be used only in specific cases where the meaning is also specified"
],
"id": "en--um--io-suffix-APEbHdMG",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nia",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nia",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-, from Proto-Austronesian *-um-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nia",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Nias",
"lang_code": "nia",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 16 11 11 8 18 2 5 1 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Nias entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Nias infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"intransitive verb affix"
],
"id": "en--um--nia-infix-oM4zTaHC",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Nias entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Nias infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflectional affix marking irrealis mood with transitive verbs"
],
"id": "en--um--nia-infix-J9YoxK16",
"raw_glosses": [
"(southern) inflectional affix marking irrealis mood with transitive verbs"
],
"tags": [
"Southern",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-, from Proto-Austronesian *-um-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"lang_code": "kaw",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Javanese infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 16 11 11 8 18 2 5 1 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"active verb"
],
"id": "en--um--kaw-infix-1ykHe5yr",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "a-"
},
{
"word": "ma-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-, from Proto-Austronesian *-um-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜓᜋ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "infix",
"b": "+",
"nosuffix": "1"
},
"expansion": "-um- (Baybayin spelling ᜓᜋ᜔)",
"name": "tl-head"
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "infix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-ingm-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-ungm-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I ate. (I is focused.)",
"text": "Kumain ako.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"actor trigger: to do something"
],
"id": "en--um--tl-infix-i0680alZ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "An earthquake occurred a while ago. (Nothing is focused.)",
"text": "Lumindol kanina.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"no trigger: expresses natural phenomena"
],
"id": "en--um--tl-infix-CREYqUtQ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It looks like Gloria got thinner. (Gloria is focused.)",
"text": "Parang pumayat si Gloria.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"actor trigger: to become or get"
],
"id": "en--um--tl-infix-0DAIT5NI",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 27 9 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 17 20 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 23 9 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 23 10 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I eat a little bit when I have nothing to do. (I is focused.)",
"text": "Kumakain-kain ako pag wala akong magagawa.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"actor trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there"
],
"id": "en--um--tl-infix-Phs5mnt4",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/um/"
},
{
"other": "[ʊm]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "um-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "when first vowel is /i/",
"word": "-im-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "obsolete"
}
],
"word": "-um-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Philippines"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "mo-",
"3": "-um-"
},
"expansion": "Cebuano: mo-, -um-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cebuano: mo-, -um-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "-um-"
},
"expansion": "Hiligaynon: -um-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hiligaynon: -um-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "-um-"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog: -um-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tagalog: -um-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nia",
"2": "-um-"
},
"expansion": "Nias: -um-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nias: -um-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celebic"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "blz",
"2": "-um-"
},
"expansion": "Balantak: -um-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Balantak: -um-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "-um-"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese: -um-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Javanese: -um-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *-um-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "*-um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/-um-",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflectional affix marking actor voice"
],
"id": "en--um--poz-pro-infix-qrDBlAct",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-um-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "map-pro",
"2": "infix",
"head": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "*-um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Austronesian",
"lang_code": "map-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/-um-",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Austronesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Austronesian infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflectional infix marking actor voice"
],
"id": "en--um--map-pro-infix-OmkSaLH7",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"um"
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto 1894 Universala Vortaro",
"Esperanto BRO1",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Esperanto lemmas",
"Esperanto suffixes",
"Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Esperanto terms with audio links",
"Esperanto terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Words approved by the Akademio de Esperanto"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "brako (“arm”) + -um- → brakumi (“to hug”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dekstra (“right”) + -um- → dekstruma (“clockwise”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "komuna (“common”) + -um- → komunumo (“community”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mondo (“world”) + -um- → mondumo (“high society”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "proksima (“near”) + -um- → proksimume (“approximately”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kruco (“cross”) + -um- → krucumi (“to crucify”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kolo (“neck”) + -um- → kolumo (“collar”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"related in an unspecific way. A lexical suffix with no fixed meaning or part of speech."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[um]"
}
],
"word": "-um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-, from Proto-Austronesian *-um-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hiligaynon entries with incorrect language header",
"Hiligaynon infixes",
"Hiligaynon lemmas",
"Hiligaynon terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Hiligaynon terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Hiligaynon terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Hiligaynon terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"an agent trigger infix"
],
"links": [
[
"infix",
"infix#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "eo",
"3": "-um-"
},
"expansion": "Esperanto -um-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Esperanto -um-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"Ido lemmas",
"Ido suffixes",
"Ido terms derived from Esperanto",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "honoro (“honor”) → honorumala (“honorary”)"
},
{
"text": "kruco (“cross”) → krucumar (“to cross (another road etc.)”)"
},
{
"text": "orelo (“ear”) → orelumo (“ear-covering, earlap”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix to be used only in specific cases where the meaning is also specified"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Nias entries with incorrect language header",
"Nias infixes",
"Nias lemmas",
"Nias terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Nias terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Nias terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Nias terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nia",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nia",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-, from Proto-Austronesian *-um-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nia",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Nias",
"lang_code": "nia",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"intransitive verb affix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflectional affix marking irrealis mood with transitive verbs"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(southern) inflectional affix marking irrealis mood with transitive verbs"
],
"tags": [
"Southern",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-, from Proto-Austronesian *-um-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"lang_code": "kaw",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Javanese infixes",
"Old Javanese lemmas",
"Old Javanese terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Old Javanese terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Old Javanese terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Old Javanese terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"active verb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "a-"
},
{
"word": "ma-"
}
],
"word": "-um-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "map-pro",
"2": "infix",
"head": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "*-um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Austronesian",
"lang_code": "map-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/-um-",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Austronesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Austronesian infixes",
"Proto-Austronesian lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"inflectional infix marking actor voice"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-um-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Philippines"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "mo-",
"3": "-um-"
},
"expansion": "Cebuano: mo-, -um-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cebuano: mo-, -um-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "-um-"
},
"expansion": "Hiligaynon: -um-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hiligaynon: -um-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "-um-"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog: -um-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tagalog: -um-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nia",
"2": "-um-"
},
"expansion": "Nias: -um-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nias: -um-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celebic"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "blz",
"2": "-um-"
},
"expansion": "Balantak: -um-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Balantak: -um-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "-um-"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese: -um-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Javanese: -um-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *-um-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "*-um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/-um-",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian infixes",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian lemmas",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian"
],
"glosses": [
"inflectional affix marking actor voice"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Tagalog 1-syllable words",
"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"Tagalog infixes",
"Tagalog lemmas",
"Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*-um-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *-um-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-, from Proto-Austronesian *-um-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜓᜋ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "infix",
"b": "+",
"nosuffix": "1"
},
"expansion": "-um- (Baybayin spelling ᜓᜋ᜔)",
"name": "tl-head"
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "infix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ingm-"
},
{
"word": "-ungm-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Tagalog terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I ate. (I is focused.)",
"text": "Kumain ako.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"actor trigger: to do something"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Tagalog terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "An earthquake occurred a while ago. (Nothing is focused.)",
"text": "Lumindol kanina.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"no trigger: expresses natural phenomena"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Tagalog terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It looks like Gloria got thinner. (Gloria is focused.)",
"text": "Parang pumayat si Gloria.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"actor trigger: to become or get"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Tagalog terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I eat a little bit when I have nothing to do. (I is focused.)",
"text": "Kumakain-kain ako pag wala akong magagawa.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"actor trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/um/"
},
{
"other": "[ʊm]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "um-"
},
{
"english": "when first vowel is /i/",
"word": "-im-"
},
{
"word": "obsolete"
}
],
"word": "-um-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.