See um- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for um- meaning in All languages combined (18.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "um-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English um-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "umbe-"
},
"expansion": "umbe-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "embe-"
},
"expansion": "embe-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ymb-"
},
"expansion": "Old English ymb-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ymbe-",
"t": "around"
},
"expansion": "ymbe- (“around”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*umbi",
"4": "*umbi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *umbi-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*umbi",
"t": "around, about, by, near"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about, by, near”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂m̥bʰi",
"4": "",
"5": "round about, around"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "om-",
"3": "",
"4": "around"
},
"expansion": "Dutch om- (“around”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "um-",
"3": "",
"4": "around"
},
"expansion": "German um- (“around”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "amb-",
"3": "",
"4": "around, about"
},
"expansion": "Latin amb- (“around, about”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ambi-",
"3": "",
"4": "both"
},
"expansion": "Latin ambi- (“both”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀμφί",
"3": "",
"4": "around, about"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “around, about”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अभि",
"3": "",
"4": "against, about"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अभि (abhi, “against, about”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "umbe"
},
"expansion": "umbe",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English um-, umbe-, embe-, from Old English ymb-, ymbe- (“around”), from Proto-West Germanic *umbi-, from Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about, by, near”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”). Cognate with Dutch om- (“around”), German um- (“around”), Latin amb- (“around, about”), Latin ambi- (“both”), Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “around, about”), Sanskrit अभि (abhi, “against, about”). More at umbe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "umbeclip"
},
{
"word": "umbedo"
},
{
"word": "umbehold"
},
{
"word": "umbelie"
},
{
"word": "umbesiege"
},
{
"word": "umbestount"
},
{
"word": "umbestride"
},
{
"word": "umbeweround"
},
{
"word": "umboth"
},
{
"word": "umbothman"
},
{
"word": "umbworld"
},
{
"word": "umlock"
},
{
"word": "umstart"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Prefix meaning around, about."
],
"id": "en-um--en-prefix-odgVaPTd",
"links": [
[
"around",
"around#English"
],
[
"about",
"about#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, usually no longer productive, primarily in dialects, chiefly Scotland) Prefix meaning around, about."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in dialects"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "umbe-"
},
{
"word": "umb-"
}
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"rare",
"usually"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "um"
},
"expansion": "um",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the preposition um.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"over, about, around"
],
"id": "en-um--fo-prefix-3JXYddJw",
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"around",
"around"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umarbeiten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umarmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umbiegen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umbilden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umbringen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umdeuten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umdrehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umfahren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umfärben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umfassen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umfluten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umgarnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umgeben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umgehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umgrenzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umgürten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umkämpfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umladen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umlagern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umlegen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ummanteln"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ummauern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umnieten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umpacken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umpolen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umpusten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umrennen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umsatteln"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umschalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umschiffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umschlagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umschließen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umschlingen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umsetzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umspinnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umsteigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umstellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umstoßen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umstürzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umtrampeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umtreten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umtüten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umverteilen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umwandeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umwerfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umwickeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umwinden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umzäunen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umziehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umzingeln"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "um-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German um-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "umb-"
},
"expansion": "umb-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "umme-"
},
"expansion": "umme-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "umbe-"
},
"expansion": "umbe-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "umbi-",
"t": "around"
},
"expansion": "Old High German umbi- (“around”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*umbi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *umbi-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*umbi-",
"t": "around"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *umbi- (“around”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂m̥bʰi",
"t": "by, near, around"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“by, near, around”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "um-"
},
"expansion": "English um-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "om-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch om-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "om-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish om-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "um-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic um-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German um-, umb-, umme-, umbe-, from Old High German umbi- (“around”), from Proto-West Germanic *umbi-, from Proto-Germanic *umbi- (“around”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“by, near, around”). Cognate with English um-, Dutch om-, Swedish om-, Icelandic um-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "or inseparable",
"tags": [
"separable"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"round, round about"
],
"id": "en-um--de-prefix-SitYc41r",
"links": [
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"round about",
"round about"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"repeatedly, over again, re-"
],
"id": "en-um--de-prefix-wKmz0N6T",
"links": [
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
],
[
"over again",
"over again"
],
[
"re-",
"re-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in another way"
],
"id": "en-um--de-prefix-w4TVjCCl",
"links": [
[
"way",
"way"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to the ground, down, over"
],
"id": "en-um--de-prefix-io1X4b0A",
"links": [
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"down",
"down"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔʊm]"
},
{
"audio": "De-um-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/De-um-.ogg/De-um-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/De-um-.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nd",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nd",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "umu- used before stems of more than one syllable"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable."
],
"id": "en-um--nd-prefix-Twpg7y~-",
"links": [
[
"umu-",
"umu-#Northern Ndebele"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-1",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nd",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nd",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "umu- used before stems of more than one syllable"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable."
],
"id": "en-um--nd-prefix-V-xiSnsm",
"links": [
[
"umu-",
"umu-#Northern Ndebele"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-3",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nr",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "umu- used before stems of more than one syllable"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable."
],
"id": "en-um--nr-prefix-Twpg7y~-",
"links": [
[
"umu-",
"umu-#Southern Ndebele"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-1",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nr",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "umu- used before stems of more than one syllable"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable."
],
"id": "en-um--nr-prefix-V-xiSnsm",
"links": [
[
"umu-",
"umu-#Southern Ndebele"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-3",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swazi",
"lang_code": "ss",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swazi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "umu- used before stems of more than one syllable"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable."
],
"id": "en-um--ss-prefix-Twpg7y~-",
"links": [
[
"umu-",
"umu-#Swazi"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-1",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swazi",
"lang_code": "ss",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swazi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "umu- used before stems of more than one syllable"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable."
],
"id": "en-um--ss-prefix-V-xiSnsm",
"links": [
[
"umu-",
"umu-#Swazi"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-3",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "-um-"
},
"expansion": "-um-",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See -um-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜂᜋ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"b": "um"
},
"expansion": "um- (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜋ᜔)",
"name": "tl-head"
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms without tl-pr template",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It rained a while ago.",
"text": "Umulan kanina.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I already left.",
"text": "Umalis na ako.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-um- for verbs starting with a vowel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prefix form of -um- for verbs starting with a vowel"
],
"id": "en-um--tl-prefix-3SSsosP2",
"links": [
[
"-um-",
"-um-#Tagalog"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔum/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔʊm]"
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Xhosa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*jʊ̀-mʊ̀-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Class 1 noun prefix."
],
"id": "en-um--xh-prefix-9zL6AqIr",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Xhosa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gʊ́-mʊ̀-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Class 3 noun prefix."
],
"id": "en-um--xh-prefix-LNDt0zJo",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "úm-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes",
"head": "úm-"
},
"expansion": "úm-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "umu- used before stems of more than one syllable"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable."
],
"id": "en-um--zu-prefix-Twpg7y~-",
"links": [
[
"umu-",
"umu-#Zulu"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-1",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "úm-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes",
"head": "úm-"
},
"expansion": "úm-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "umu- used before stems of more than one syllable"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable."
],
"id": "en-um--zu-prefix-V-xiSnsm",
"links": [
[
"umu-",
"umu-#Zulu"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-3",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "umbeclip"
},
{
"word": "umbedo"
},
{
"word": "umbehold"
},
{
"word": "umbelie"
},
{
"word": "umbesiege"
},
{
"word": "umbestount"
},
{
"word": "umbestride"
},
{
"word": "umbeweround"
},
{
"word": "umboth"
},
{
"word": "umbothman"
},
{
"word": "umbworld"
},
{
"word": "umlock"
},
{
"word": "umstart"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "um-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English um-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "umbe-"
},
"expansion": "umbe-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "embe-"
},
"expansion": "embe-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ymb-"
},
"expansion": "Old English ymb-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ymbe-",
"t": "around"
},
"expansion": "ymbe- (“around”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*umbi",
"4": "*umbi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *umbi-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*umbi",
"t": "around, about, by, near"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about, by, near”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂m̥bʰi",
"4": "",
"5": "round about, around"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "om-",
"3": "",
"4": "around"
},
"expansion": "Dutch om- (“around”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "um-",
"3": "",
"4": "around"
},
"expansion": "German um- (“around”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "amb-",
"3": "",
"4": "around, about"
},
"expansion": "Latin amb- (“around, about”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ambi-",
"3": "",
"4": "both"
},
"expansion": "Latin ambi- (“both”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀμφί",
"3": "",
"4": "around, about"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “around, about”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अभि",
"3": "",
"4": "against, about"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अभि (abhi, “against, about”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "umbe"
},
"expansion": "umbe",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English um-, umbe-, embe-, from Old English ymb-, ymbe- (“around”), from Proto-West Germanic *umbi-, from Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about, by, near”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”). Cognate with Dutch om- (“around”), German um- (“around”), Latin amb- (“around, about”), Latin ambi- (“both”), Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “around, about”), Sanskrit अभि (abhi, “against, about”). More at umbe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"English terms with rare senses",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"Prefix meaning around, about."
],
"links": [
[
"around",
"around#English"
],
[
"about",
"about#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, usually no longer productive, primarily in dialects, chiefly Scotland) Prefix meaning around, about."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in dialects"
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"rare",
"usually"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "umbe-"
},
{
"word": "umb-"
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "um"
},
"expansion": "um",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the preposition um.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"Faroese lemmas",
"Faroese prefixes"
],
"glosses": [
"over, about, around"
],
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"around",
"around"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German prefixes",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German terms with audio links"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "umarbeiten"
},
{
"word": "umarmen"
},
{
"word": "umbiegen"
},
{
"word": "umbilden"
},
{
"word": "umbringen"
},
{
"word": "umdeuten"
},
{
"word": "umdrehen"
},
{
"word": "umfahren"
},
{
"word": "umfärben"
},
{
"word": "umfassen"
},
{
"word": "umfluten"
},
{
"word": "umgarnen"
},
{
"word": "umgeben"
},
{
"word": "umgehen"
},
{
"word": "umgrenzen"
},
{
"word": "umgürten"
},
{
"word": "umkämpfen"
},
{
"word": "umladen"
},
{
"word": "umlagern"
},
{
"word": "umlegen"
},
{
"word": "ummanteln"
},
{
"word": "ummauern"
},
{
"word": "umnieten"
},
{
"word": "umpacken"
},
{
"word": "umpolen"
},
{
"word": "umpusten"
},
{
"word": "umrennen"
},
{
"word": "umsatteln"
},
{
"word": "umschalten"
},
{
"word": "umschiffen"
},
{
"word": "umschlagen"
},
{
"word": "umschließen"
},
{
"word": "umschlingen"
},
{
"word": "umsetzen"
},
{
"word": "umspinnen"
},
{
"word": "umsteigen"
},
{
"word": "umstellen"
},
{
"word": "umstoßen"
},
{
"word": "umstürzen"
},
{
"word": "umtrampeln"
},
{
"word": "umtreten"
},
{
"word": "umtüten"
},
{
"word": "umverteilen"
},
{
"word": "umwandeln"
},
{
"word": "umwerfen"
},
{
"word": "umwickeln"
},
{
"word": "umwinden"
},
{
"word": "umzäunen"
},
{
"word": "umziehen"
},
{
"word": "umzingeln"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "um-"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German um-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "umb-"
},
"expansion": "umb-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "umme-"
},
"expansion": "umme-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "umbe-"
},
"expansion": "umbe-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "umbi-",
"t": "around"
},
"expansion": "Old High German umbi- (“around”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*umbi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *umbi-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*umbi-",
"t": "around"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *umbi- (“around”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂m̥bʰi",
"t": "by, near, around"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“by, near, around”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "um-"
},
"expansion": "English um-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "om-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch om-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "om-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish om-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "um-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic um-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German um-, umb-, umme-, umbe-, from Old High German umbi- (“around”), from Proto-West Germanic *umbi-, from Proto-Germanic *umbi- (“around”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“by, near, around”). Cognate with English um-, Dutch om-, Swedish om-, Icelandic um-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "or inseparable",
"tags": [
"separable"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"round, round about"
],
"links": [
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"round about",
"round about"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"repeatedly, over again, re-"
],
"links": [
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
],
[
"over again",
"over again"
],
[
"re-",
"re-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in another way"
],
"links": [
[
"way",
"way"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to the ground, down, over"
],
"links": [
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"down",
"down"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔʊm]"
},
{
"audio": "De-um-.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/De-um-.ogg/De-um-.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/De-um-.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Northern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header",
"Northern Ndebele lemmas",
"Northern Ndebele noun prefixes",
"Northern Ndebele prefixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nd",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nd",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "umu- used before stems of more than one syllable"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable."
],
"links": [
[
"umu-",
"umu-#Northern Ndebele"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-1",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Northern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header",
"Northern Ndebele lemmas",
"Northern Ndebele noun prefixes",
"Northern Ndebele prefixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nd",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nd",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "umu- used before stems of more than one syllable"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable."
],
"links": [
[
"umu-",
"umu-#Northern Ndebele"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-3",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Southern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header",
"Southern Ndebele lemmas",
"Southern Ndebele noun prefixes",
"Southern Ndebele prefixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nr",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "umu- used before stems of more than one syllable"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable."
],
"links": [
[
"umu-",
"umu-#Southern Ndebele"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-1",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Southern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header",
"Southern Ndebele lemmas",
"Southern Ndebele noun prefixes",
"Southern Ndebele prefixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nr",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Ndebele",
"lang_code": "nr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "umu- used before stems of more than one syllable"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable."
],
"links": [
[
"umu-",
"umu-#Southern Ndebele"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-3",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swazi entries with incorrect language header",
"Swazi lemmas",
"Swazi noun prefixes",
"Swazi prefixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swazi",
"lang_code": "ss",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "umu- used before stems of more than one syllable"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable."
],
"links": [
[
"umu-",
"umu-#Swazi"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-1",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swazi entries with incorrect language header",
"Swazi lemmas",
"Swazi noun prefixes",
"Swazi prefixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swazi",
"lang_code": "ss",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "umu- used before stems of more than one syllable"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable."
],
"links": [
[
"umu-",
"umu-#Swazi"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-3",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "-um-"
},
"expansion": "-um-",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See -um-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜂᜋ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"b": "um"
},
"expansion": "um- (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜋ᜔)",
"name": "tl-head"
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Tagalog 1-syllable words",
"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"Tagalog lemmas",
"Tagalog prefixes",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"Tagalog terms with usage examples",
"Tagalog terms without tl-pr template"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It rained a while ago.",
"text": "Umulan kanina.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I already left.",
"text": "Umalis na ako.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-um- for verbs starting with a vowel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prefix form of -um- for verbs starting with a vowel"
],
"links": [
[
"-um-",
"-um-#Tagalog"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔum/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔʊm]"
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Xhosa entries with incorrect language header",
"Xhosa lemmas",
"Xhosa noun prefixes",
"Xhosa prefixes",
"Xhosa terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*jʊ̀-mʊ̀-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Class 1 noun prefix."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Xhosa entries with incorrect language header",
"Xhosa lemmas",
"Xhosa noun prefixes",
"Xhosa prefixes",
"Xhosa terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*gʊ́-mʊ̀-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes"
},
"expansion": "um-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Class 3 noun prefix."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"Zulu lemmas",
"Zulu noun prefixes",
"Zulu prefixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "úm-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes",
"head": "úm-"
},
"expansion": "úm-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "umu- used before stems of more than one syllable"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable."
],
"links": [
[
"umu-",
"umu-#Zulu"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-1",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"Zulu lemmas",
"Zulu noun prefixes",
"Zulu prefixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "úm-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "noun prefixes",
"head": "úm-"
},
"expansion": "úm-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "umu- used before stems of more than one syllable"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable."
],
"links": [
[
"umu-",
"umu-#Zulu"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-3",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"noun",
"prefix"
]
}
],
"word": "um-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.