See race in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "arms race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "caucus race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "data race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dog in the race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "elephant race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "have a dog in the race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "headrace"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "head-race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "head race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "loudness race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mill-race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nearly never won the race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "no horse in that race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "no horse in this race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "off to the races"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "one's race is run"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pawn race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race against the clock"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race against time"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "racecar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race car"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race cloth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race condition"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race cycling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "raceday"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race day"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race game"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race glass"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "racegoer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race hazard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race meeting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race out of the traps"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race queen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race rotation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race to the bottom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race to the top"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "racetrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race track"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race walk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race-walk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race walker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race walking"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "racing car"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rat-race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rat race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scratch race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "slow and steady wins the race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "slow but sure wins the race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "space race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "the race that stops a nation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "water race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wheel-race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race knife"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "racemate"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "race"
},
"expansion": "Middle English race",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rǣs",
"t": "a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset"
},
"expansion": "Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rās",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rás",
"t": "a running, race"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rás (“a running, race”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rēsō",
"t": "a course"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reh₁s-",
"t": "to flow, rush"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "râs"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German râs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Raas",
"t": "mad rush, rage, fury"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"a strong current\"; whence German Low German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nds-de\">Raas</i> (“mad rush, rage, fury”)"
},
"expansion": "(\"a strong current\"; whence German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”))",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ras",
"t": "a strong whirling current"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ræs"
},
"expansion": "Danish ræs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ras"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ras",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rås"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rås",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English race, partially from Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”), from Proto-West Germanic *rās; and partially from Old Norse rás (“a running, race”); both from Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”). Cognate with Middle Low German râs (\"a strong current\"; whence German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”)), Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”), Danish ræs, Norwegian and Swedish ras, Norwegian rås.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "races",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "race (countable and uncountable, plural races)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "banger race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barrel race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beanbag race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "boat race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bracket race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bumps race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "circuit race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "claiming race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "conditions race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Dongola race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "drag race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "duck race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "egg and spoon race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "flat race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fleet race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foot race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "harness race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "horse-race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "horse race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "match race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "motor race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obstacle race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "one-horse race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "points race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "potato race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "produce race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race of truth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rag race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "relay race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "road-race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "road race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sack race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stage race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "street race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "three-legged race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wheelbarrow race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wok race"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
34
]
],
"text": "Several horses ran in a horse race: the first one to reach the finishing post won.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"text": "The race to cure cancer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"text": "The race around the park was won by Johnny, who ran faster than the others.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"text": "We had a race to see who could finish the book the quickest.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
50
]
],
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ecclesiastes 9:11:",
"text": "I returned, and saw vnder the Sunne, That the race is not to the swift, nor the battell to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of vnderstanding, nor yet fauour to men of skil; but time and chance happeneth to them all.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
36
]
],
"ref": "1743, Alexander Pope, The Dunciad, London: M. Cooper, book 2, page 82, lines 58–60:",
"text": "\"Behold that rival here! / \"The race by vigour, not by vaunts is won; / \"So take the hindmost, Hell.\"—He said, and run.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
237,
241
]
],
"ref": "2012 November 2, Ken Belson, “After Days of Pressure, Marathon Is Off”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "After days of intensifying pressure from runners, politicians and the general public to call off the New York City Marathon in the wake of Hurricane Sandy, city officials and the event’s organizers decided Friday afternoon to cancel the race.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A contest between people, animals, vehicles, etc. where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective."
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-o1AdNeP7",
"links": [
[
"contest",
"contest"
],
[
"between",
"between"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"vehicle",
"vehicle"
],
[
"goal",
"goal"
],
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"reach",
"reach"
],
[
"objective",
"objective"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "wedren"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "wedloop"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "reisies"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "resies"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "garë"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sibāq",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سِبَاق"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "musābaqa",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مُسَابَقَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sibāg",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "سِباق"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mrcʻavazkʻ",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "մրցավազք"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carrera"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "yarış"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "müsabiqə"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "yarış",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "ярыш"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "arineketa"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "lasterketa"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hónka",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "го́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nadbjágvane",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "надбя́гване"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cursa"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǐsài",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "比賽 /比赛"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jìngsài",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "競賽 /竞赛"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "závod"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "soutěž"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "løb"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wedloop"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "vetkuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "võistlus"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "kilpailu"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "kilpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "kisa"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "course"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carreira"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "rbola",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "რბოლა"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rennen"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Wettrennen"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agónas",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αγώνας"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "drómos",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "δρόμος"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ha",
"lang": "Hausa",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "gudùù"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "merots",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מֵרוֹץ"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dauṛ",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "दौड़"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "verseny"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rás"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gara"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"alt": "きょうそう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōsō",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "競走"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rēsu",
"sense": "contest",
"topics": [
"vehicles",
"transport"
],
"word": "レース"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "jarys",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "жарыс"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "bäige",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "бәйге"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "prɑɑnang",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "ប្រណាំង"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaa rŭət prɑɑnang",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "ការរត់ប្រណាំង"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"alt": "競走",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gyeongju",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "경주"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "jarış",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "жарыш"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cursus"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "curriculum"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "sacīkstes"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "lenktynės"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trka",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "трка"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "perlumbaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "purei hoiho"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "tauwhāinga"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "uraldaan",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "уралдаан"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "nah",
"lang": "Nahuatl",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "mimalacatl"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "løp"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "koşu",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "قوشی"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "mosābeqa",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مسابقه"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mosâbeqe",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "مسابقه"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wyścig"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gonitwa"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corrida"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cursă (sportivă)"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gónka",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "го́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gónki",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"usually"
],
"word": "го́нки"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rèis"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "тр̏ка"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine",
"rare"
],
"word": "гонка"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "tȑka"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine",
"rare"
],
"word": "gonka"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "preteky"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "súťaž"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dirka"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carrera"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "resi"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kapplöpning"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lopp"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "karera"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "musobiqa",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "мусобиқа"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "kwìawíne"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "yarış",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "ярыш"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan-kɛ̀ng-kǎn",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "การแข่งขัน"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "'gran sdur",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "འགྲན་སྡུར"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "resis"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "yarış"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "müsabaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "ýaryş"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hónka",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "го́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perehóny",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "перего́ни"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zabíh",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "забі́г"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "musabiqe",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "مۇسابىقە"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "poyga"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "musobaqa"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "cuộc đua"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ras"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 5 7 3 0 2 7 7 4 4",
"code": "xh",
"lang": "Xhosa",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "uhlanga"
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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45,
49
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"ref": "1631, Francis [Bacon], “VII. Century. [Experiments Solitary touching the Quicknesse of Motion in Birds.]”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC, page 166:",
"text": "The flight of many birds is swifter than the race of any beasts.",
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16,
20
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"ref": "1805, Good, John Mason, transl., The Nature of Things, volume 2, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, translation of De rerum natura by Titus Lucretius Carus, book 4, page 33, lines 190–191:",
"text": "Hence the rapid race / Of light, and lustre from th' effusive sun",
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{
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199,
203
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"ref": "1847 December, “The Literature of Humbug”, in The Young American's Magazine, volume 1, page 318:",
"text": "And above all, it is an age of activity and enterprise, an age of new discoveries and new deviltries, an age of magnetic telegraphs and Mississippi bonds, and it would be indeed odd if, in the swift race of progress, the rogue did not keep his natural station in the van of the movement.",
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[
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[
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{
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{
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"tags": [
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"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 19 3 2 6 12 12 8 6 3 2 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hokkien translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 10 3 1 2 3 2 5 3 4 4 3 4 5 4 3 4 3 1 4 7 2 3 1 3 1 0 3 2 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 20 2 2 6 13 9 9 6 3 2 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 5 4 4 2 5 4 3 4 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 20 3 2 6 13 12 10 6 2 2 4 5",
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"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 7 1 1 2 4 5 3 2 5 5 5 5 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 3",
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"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 9 2 1 2 5 5 3 2 4 4 4 4 6 5 4 4 4 1 5 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 4 4 4 2 6 5 4 5 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 4 4 4 2 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 4 7 1 1 2 5 5 3 2 5 5 4 5 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 4 7 1 1 2 5 5 3 2 5 5 4 5 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 4 7 1 1 2 5 4 3 2 5 5 5 5 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 3 8 1 1 2 5 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 7 5 4 6 5 2 5 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 5 3 4 2 5 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 5 4 4 2 5 4 3 4 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 5 4 4 2 5 4 3 4 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 4 7 2 1 2 5 4 4 2 6 5 4 5 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 1 1 2 4 3 3 2 4 3 3 4 7 5 3 6 4 1 5 6 2 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 19 3 2 6 12 12 9 6 3 2 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 7 2 1 2 4 3 4 2 6 7 3 5 5 4 4 4 4 2 4 5 1 4 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 20 3 2 6 13 12 9 6 3 2 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Nahuatl translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 18 3 2 6 12 13 9 6 2 2 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 1 1 2 5 4 3 2 4 3 3 4 8 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 6 2 1 2 4 7 3 2 7 6 5 7 4 3 3 4 3 2 4 5 1 3 1 1 1 0 3 2 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 3 8 1 1 2 5 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 7 5 4 6 5 2 5 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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"name": "Terms with Pashto translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 4 4 4 2 5 5 4 5 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 5 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 1 1 2 5 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 4 3 5 4 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 3 8 2 1 2 5 4 4 2 6 5 5 5 6 4 3 4 3 2 4 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 3 8 1 1 2 5 4 4 2 4 3 3 4 6 5 4 5 4 2 5 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 3 8 1 1 3 5 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 7 5 4 5 4 2 5 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "5 10 19 3 2 6 12 12 8 6 3 2 6 6",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 4 7 2 1 2 5 4 4 2 6 5 4 5 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 5 3 4 2 5 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 4 7 2 1 2 5 4 4 2 6 5 4 5 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 9 1 0 2 6 5 4 2 4 3 3 5 7 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "5 9 20 3 2 6 13 12 9 6 3 2 4 5",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 4 7 1 1 3 5 5 3 2 5 4 4 5 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
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"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 7 1 1 2 5 5 3 2 5 4 4 5 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 4 4 4 2 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 19 3 2 6 13 12 9 6 2 2 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Taos translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 18 4 2 5 12 13 10 5 2 2 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 5 4 4 2 5 4 3 4 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 20 3 2 6 13 10 9 6 2 2 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tibetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 20 1 0 3 4 4 3 2 4 3 3 3 9 4 4 4 4 1 4 6 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 2 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tok Pisin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 7 1 1 2 5 5 3 2 6 5 5 5 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "6 9 18 4 2 6 12 11 10 6 2 2 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 7 1 1 2 5 5 3 2 5 4 4 5 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 7 1 1 2 5 4 3 2 5 5 5 5 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uyghur translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 4 4 4 2 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 7 2 1 2 5 4 4 2 6 5 4 5 6 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 6 1 1 2 4 5 3 2 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 3",
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"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 21 4 2 6 13 9 10 6 3 2 4 6",
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"parents": [],
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}
],
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"ref": "1989, R. Raghuram, Computer Simulation of Electronic Circuits, New Delhi: Wiley Eastern, →ISBN, page 181:",
"text": "Many problems of oscillations and races are solved by this arrangement.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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268,
272
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],
"ref": "1999, Max Hailperin, Barbara Kaiser, Karl Knight, “Java, Applets, and Concurrency”, in Concrete Abstractions, Brooks/Cole Publishing, →ISBN, page 622:",
"text": "Because a race by definition depends on the timing being just wrong, you could test your program any number of times, never observe any misbehavior, and still have a user run into the problem.¶ This occurrence is not just a theoretical possibility: Real programs have race bugs and real users have encountered them, sometimes with consequences that have literally been fatal.",
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},
{
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23,
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120
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"ref": "2012, Charles P. Pfleeger, Shari Lawrence Pfleeger, Analyzing Computer Security, Prentice Hall, page 79:",
"text": "As the name implies, a race condition means that two processes are competing within the same time interval, and the race affects the integrity or correctness of the computing tasks.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A race condition; a bug or problem that occurs when two or more components attempt to use the same resource at the same time."
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-Gh0ucUtC",
"links": [
[
"electronics",
"electronics"
],
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"race condition",
"race condition"
],
[
"bug",
"bug"
],
[
"problem",
"problem"
],
[
"component",
"component"
],
[
"resource",
"resource"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(electronics, computing) A race condition; a bug or problem that occurs when two or more components attempt to use the same resource at the same time."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "race condition"
},
{
"word": "race hazard"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"computing",
"electrical-engineering",
"electricity",
"electromagnetism",
"electronics",
"energy",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics",
"sciences"
]
},
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"ref": "1603, Ben Jonson, Sejanus His Fall, act 2, scene 2:",
"text": "A race of wicked acts / Shall flow out of my anger, and o’erspread / The world’s wide face[.]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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"ref": "1624, Francis Bacon, “Considerations Touching a War with Spain”, in Basil Montagu, editor, The Works of Francis Bacon, volume 5, William Pickering, published 1826, page 240:",
"text": "An offensive war is made, which is unjust in the aggressor; the prosecution and race of the war carrieth the defendant to invade the ancient patrimony of the first aggressor, who is now turned defendant; shall he sit down, and not put himself in defence?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sequence of events; a progressive movement toward a goal."
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-xFz3vIPC",
"links": [
[
"sequence",
"sequence"
],
[
"event",
"event"
],
[
"progressive",
"progressive"
],
[
"movement",
"movement"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "course"
},
{
"word": "procedure"
},
{
"word": "process"
},
{
"word": "train"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sequence",
"word": "array"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sequence",
"word": "chain"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sequence",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "consecution"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sequence",
"word": "sequence"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sequence",
"word": "series"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sequence",
"word": "string"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sequence",
"word": "succession"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sequence",
"word": "train"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 82 0 1 4 3 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "eteneminen (+ kohti + partitive)",
"sense": "sequence of events"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 82 0 1 4 3 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "kulku (+ kohti + partitive)",
"sense": "sequence of events"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 82 0 1 4 3 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sequence of events",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "course"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 82 0 1 4 3 2 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agónas",
"sense": "sequence of events",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αγώνας"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 82 0 1 4 3 2 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "merots",
"sense": "sequence of events",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מֵרוֹץ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 82 0 1 4 3 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sequence of events",
"word": "verseny"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 82 0 1 4 3 2 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sequence of events",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rás"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 82 0 1 4 3 2 2",
"alt": "しんこう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shinkō",
"sense": "sequence of events",
"word": "進行"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 82 0 1 4 3 2 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "sequence of events",
"word": "karerahan"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 3 82 0 1 4 3 2 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "sequence of events",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ras"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
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"ref": "1893, “Remarks upon the Way from Abingdon to Southamption, and other Places”, in The Manuscripts of His Grace the Duke of Portland, volume 2, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, page 288:",
"text": "Here are in these seas two dangerous races, the one called St. Alban's, the other Portland Race.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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],
"ref": "1980, Pauline H. Gurewitz, Hydraulic Research in the United States and Canada, 1978, page 120:",
"text": "The existing analysis and program for the propeller-rudder interaction has been updated incorporating all the improvements concerned with the propeller loading distribution, including that associated with the fact that the rudder is immersed in the race of the propeller.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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"ref": "2003 December, Jonathan Raban, “Julia and the Whirlpools”, in Cruising World, volume 29, number 12, page 40:",
"text": "This is an area of spectacular tidal races, rips, swirls, boils, whirlpools, overfalls, currents, and countercurrents. Scylla and Charybdis pale by comparison with the great maelstroms where the sea is trapped between Vancouver Island and the Canadian mainland.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fast-moving current of water."
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-nsWAxKXl",
"links": [
[
"fast-moving",
"fast-moving"
],
[
"current",
"current"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rip"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 3 0 0 93 3 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bǎ́rzej",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бъ́рзей"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 0 0 93 3 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"word": "voimakas virta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 0 0 93 3 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"word": "koski"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 0 0 93 3 0 0 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "révma",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ρεύμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 0 0 93 3 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"word": "zuhatag"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 0 0 93 3 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"word": "zúgó"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 0 0 93 3 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caise"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 0 0 93 3 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sruth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 0 0 93 3 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"masculine"
],
"word": "raz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 0 0 93 3 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "curent de apă"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 0 0 93 3 0 0 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "llif"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 0 0 93 3 0 0 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cerrynt"
}
]
},
{
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"ref": "1885, James Leal Greenleaf, “Report on the Water-Powers of the Drainage Basins of Lakes Huron and Erie, in the United States”, in Reports on the Water-Power of the United States, Washington: Department of the Interior, part 1, pages 504–505:",
"text": "Evidently the future manufacturing development depends upon the hydraulic canal, so far as existing works are concerned, rather than upon the two races, which can never be enlarged to embrace a comprehensive improvement of the river, while the capabilities at th hydraulic basin are unrivaled. So far as can be learned there is no expectation of ever increasing materially the capacity of the races.",
"type": "quote"
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"ref": "1888, “Water Rights”, in Gold Mining Regulations, 1888, Parliament of South Australia, section 48, page 4:",
"text": "Any miners intending to divert and use water for mining or general purposes, or to cut a race or construct dams or reservoirs in connection therewith, shall give notice in writing thereof to the Warden […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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168,
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"ref": "1957 December 16, A. H. Mouat, R. C. Stuart, G. Mason, “Farming in Ida Valley, Central Otago”, in The New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, volume 95, number 6, page 587:",
"text": "Water for irrigation is stored in the high country behind the Upper Manorburn Dam. Two parallel races at different levels run along the west side of the valley and one race flowing along the east side is supplemented by water stored at the Poolburn Dam.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A water channel, especially one built to lead water to or from a point where it is utilised, such as that which powers a millwheel."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "headrace"
},
{
"word": "mill race"
},
{
"word": "wheel-race"
},
{
"word": "tailrace"
}
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-u7uly7l6",
"links": [
[
"channel",
"channel"
],
[
"powers",
"powers"
],
[
"millwheel",
"millwheel"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 27 35 0 19 19 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "úlej",
"sense": "a channel for water",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "у́лей"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 27 35 0 19 19 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a channel for water",
"word": "kanava"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 27 35 0 19 19 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a channel for water",
"word": "uoma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 27 35 0 19 19 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a channel for water",
"word": "csatorna"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
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"ref": "1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 40, line 598:",
"text": "My race of glory run, and race of ſhame,",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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238,
242
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],
"ref": "1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin, volume 2, Boston: John P. Jewett & Company, page 242:",
"text": "There were all the marked passages, which had thrilled his soul so often,—words of patriarchs and seers, poets and sages, who from early time had spoken courage to man,—voices from the great cloud of witnesses who ever surround us in the race of life.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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94,
98
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],
"ref": "2008, Chad Taylor, The Cry of the Harvest, page 115:",
"text": "Don't let fear be a factor for you as the finish line of harvest calls out to you to join the race of eternity. Clear the table of excuses and go!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A path that something or someone moves along."
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-zKVLa5B1",
"links": [
[
"path",
"path"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"along",
"along"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "career"
},
{
"word": "course"
},
{
"word": "progress"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sewing",
"orig": "en:Sewing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weaving",
"orig": "en:Weaving",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 6 2 1 2 4 7 3 2 7 6 5 7 4 3 3 4 3 2 4 5 1 3 1 1 1 0 3 2 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
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124,
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"ref": "1860, Charles Cole, The Sewing Machine, and its Capabilities, page 53:",
"text": "I have lately seen a shuttle machine of Messrs. Grover Baker's construction, in which the shuttle worked in a semi-circular race and produced two stitches at each revolution of the wheel.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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183,
187
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],
"ref": "1872 November 29, “Improved Loom for Weaving Fabrics of Any Width”, in The English Mechanic and Word of Science, volume 16, number 401, page 259:",
"text": "Meanwhile another lug on the shuttle-band engages another carrier at the other end of the loom, and the belt, continuing to move in the same direction, conveys the carrier across the race in a similar manner as above described.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A guide or channel that a component of a machine moves along:",
"A groove on a sewing machine or a loom along which the shuttle moves."
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-Rfj4ngXw",
"links": [
[
"guide",
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[
"component",
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[
"machine",
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[
"sewing",
"sewing#Noun"
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[
"weaving",
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],
[
"groove",
"groove"
],
[
"sewing machine",
"sewing machine"
],
[
"loom",
"loom"
],
[
"shuttle",
"shuttle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A guide or channel that a component of a machine moves along:",
"(sewing, weaving) A groove on a sewing machine or a loom along which the shuttle moves."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "shuttle race"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"sewing",
"textiles",
"weaving"
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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319,
323
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"ref": "1965 August 15, Maintenance of Aeronautical Antifriction Bearings, NAVWEPS 01-1A-503, United States Bureau of Naval Weapons, section 2, page 5:",
"text": "These bearings do not employ a loading groove or filling slot but utilize an uninterrupted race groove containing the maximum number of balls that can be introduced by eccentric displacement of the races. Due to the relatively large size of the balls and the fact that the ball curvature is only slightly less than the race curvature, the bearings have comparatively high load carrying capacity in both axial and radial directions.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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"ref": "1999, Steve Goldman, Vibration Spectrum Analysis, 2nd edition, New York: Industrial Press, →ISBN, page 90:",
"text": "The chances of picking up an inner race fault are small unless the load direction of the bearing coincides with the location of the accelerometer.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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59,
63
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"ref": "2017, Tian Ran Lin, Kun Yu, Jiwen Tan, “Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Roller Element Bearing”, in Pranav H. Darji, editor, Bearing Technology, Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, →DOI, →ISBN, page 40:",
"text": "The bearing comprises four mechanical components: an outer race, an inner race, rollers (balls), and a cage that holds the rollers (balls) in place.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A guide or channel that a component of a machine moves along:",
"A ring with a groove in which rolling elements (such as balls) ride, forming part of a rolling-element bearing (for example, a ball bearing)."
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-18EidG8t",
"links": [
[
"guide",
"guide"
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[
"component",
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[
"machine",
"machine"
],
[
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],
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"bearing",
"bearing"
],
[
"ball bearing",
"ball bearing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A guide or channel that a component of a machine moves along:",
"(engineering) A ring with a groove in which rolling elements (such as balls) ride, forming part of a rolling-element bearing (for example, a ball bearing)."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "kehä"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "csatorna"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "akna"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "gyűrű"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "futógyűrű"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "láncakna"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "lakatcsatorna"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gránlann"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "sebangsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "arʹsny öngö",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "арьсны єнгє"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bieżnia"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ambalare (turație)"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "supraturare"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povérxnostʹ kačénija",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "пове́рхность каче́ния"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corredera"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lagerbana"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 13 2 1 4 12 9 42 4",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "karerahan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Gambling",
"orig": "en:Gambling",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
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],
"ref": "2022, Kevin Blackwood, Swain Scheps, “Striking the Mother Lode: Keno and Bingo”, in Casino Gambling For Dummies, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons:",
"text": "Your odds are sometimes significantly better with video keno […] But because video keno plays so much faster, you're likely to lose more money over a given period. Live keno races start every 10 minutes, but you can make 100 bets on a video version in the same amount of time.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A keno gambling session."
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-TYD5iggf",
"links": [
[
"gambling",
"gambling#Noun"
],
[
"keno",
"keno"
],
[
"gambling",
"gambling"
],
[
"session",
"session"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(gambling) A keno gambling session."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"gambling",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "rās"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹeɪs/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-race.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/En-us-race.ogg/En-us-race.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-us-race.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"word": "race"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "race off"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "race"
},
"expansion": "Middle English race",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rǣs",
"t": "a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset"
},
"expansion": "Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rās",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rás",
"t": "a running, race"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rás (“a running, race”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rēsō",
"t": "a course"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reh₁s-",
"t": "to flow, rush"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "râs"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German râs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Raas",
"t": "mad rush, rage, fury"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"a strong current\"; whence German Low German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nds-de\">Raas</i> (“mad rush, rage, fury”)"
},
"expansion": "(\"a strong current\"; whence German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”))",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ras",
"t": "a strong whirling current"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ræs"
},
"expansion": "Danish ræs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ras"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ras",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rås"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rås",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English race, partially from Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”), from Proto-West Germanic *rās; and partially from Old Norse rás (“a running, race”); both from Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”). Cognate with Middle Low German râs (\"a strong current\"; whence German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”)), Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”), Danish ræs, Norwegian and Swedish ras, Norwegian rås.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "races",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "racing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"expansion": "race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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],
"text": "The drivers were racing around the track.",
"type": "example"
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"ref": "1875, “Lichfield Open Meeting”, in John Henry Walsh, editor, Coursing Calendar for the Autumn Season 1874, page 187:",
"text": "Honesty raced up six lengths in front of Wandering Minstrel, turned, then raced past for the second, and lost his place at the hedge; some work followed to the plantation, but Honesty was always the faster in the racing stretches, and won easily.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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"ref": "2023 May 10, “Athletics: Dina Asher-Smith set to race at London Stadium in July”, in BBC News:",
"text": "\"I cannot wait to race in front of the amazing home crowd,\" she added.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take part in a race (in the sense of a contest)."
],
"id": "en-race-en-verb-YB2vTjJX",
"links": [
[
"take part",
"take part"
],
[
"race",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To take part in a race (in the sense of a contest)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sābaqa",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "سَابَقَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sābag",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "سَابَق"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "ötüşmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "kemer perzh en ur redadeg"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "kilpailla"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "kisailla"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "versenyez"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "lomba"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "berpacu"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "currer"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "correre"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"alt": "きそう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kisō",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "競う"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"alt": "きょうそうする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōsō suru",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "競争する"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "se trka",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "се трка"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "uraldax",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "уралдах"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "ścigać się"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "biegać"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "correr"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "dirkati"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "correr"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"tags": [
"Puerto-Rico"
],
"topics": [
"automotive",
"vehicles",
"transport"
],
"word": "rolear"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "mbio"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "yarışmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 15 4 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "rasio"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
7
]
],
"text": "I raced him to the car, but he was there first, so he got to ride shotgun.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
50
]
],
"ref": "1871 March, “Our Van”, in Baily's Magazine of Sports & Pastimes, volume 21, page 306:",
"text": "[…]a fresh fox popped out of a pit, and they raced him to Cherrington, where hounds were stopped at dark[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
98,
103
]
],
"ref": "1928 November, Paschal N. Strong, “Signals”, in Boys' Life, volume 18, number 11, page 61:",
"text": "He pulled it down and saw Tech's full-back closing in. Counting on his own fresh condition, Jimmy raced him toward the sidelines, and got around him just in time to prevent being forced out. The goal was waiting for him twenty yards away, and to the accompaniment of a deafening shout from the stands he placed the pigskin across the goal line.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To compete against in a race (contest)."
],
"id": "en-race-en-verb-Xquaf7bZ",
"links": [
[
"compete",
"compete"
],
[
"against",
"against"
],
[
"race",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To compete against in a race (contest)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 3 4 1 1 4 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 4 2 3 3 1 1 3 1 5 4 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "en:Gaits",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
38,
43
]
],
"text": "As soon as it was time to go home, he raced for the door.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
20
]
],
"text": "Her heart was racing as she peered into the dimly lit room.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"text": "The horse raced past the barn fell.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
40,
46
]
],
"ref": "1988, Lee Mavers, “There She Goes”, in Sixpence None the Richer, performed by Sixpence None the Richer, published 1997:",
"text": "There she goes / There she goes again / Racing through my brain / And I just can't contain / This feeling that remains",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
67
]
],
"ref": "2013 June 21, Chico Harlan, “Japan pockets the subsidy …”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 30:",
"text": "Across Japan, technology companies and private investors are racing to install devices that until recently they had little interest in: solar panels. Massive solar parks are popping up as part of a rapid build-up that one developer likened to an \"explosion.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 66:",
"text": "Racing on, we parallel the M5 doing 95mph, according to the app on my smartphone.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move or drive at high speed; to hurry or speed."
],
"id": "en-race-en-verb-wQxz3ZXe",
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"high",
"high"
],
[
"speed",
"speed#Noun"
],
[
"hurry",
"hurry"
],
[
"speed",
"speed#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To move or drive at high speed; to hurry or speed."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rush"
},
{
"word": "shift"
},
{
"word": "zip"
},
{
"word": "zoom"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dviža se bǎrzo",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "движа се бързо"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "phe (phe)"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēichí",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "飛馳 /飞驰"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jíchí",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "疾馳 /疾驰"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "pádit"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "razen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "kuregi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "vetkuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "kiitää"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "porhaltaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "rynnätä"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "syöksyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "s’élancer"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "rasen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "száguld"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "berpacu"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "melaju"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "currer"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "correre"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"alt": "とっしんする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tosshin suru",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "突進する"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "se trka",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "се трка"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "pędzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "biec"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "correr"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mčátʹsja",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "мча́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nestísʹ",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "нести́сь"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "sl",
"english": "to move",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "dirjati"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "sl",
"english": "to drive",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "dirkati"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "usually a heart does this",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "acelerarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "es",
"english": "cars, engines, and cheetahs do this",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "embalarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "carrerear"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "carrucar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "mbio"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "rasio"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 96 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "gwibio"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"ref": "1891 December, Arthur Conan Doyle, “The Man with the Twisted Lip”, in The Strand:",
"text": "\"My mind is like a racing engine, tearing itself to pieces because it is not connected up with the work for which it was built.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
67,
72
]
],
"ref": "2005 June, James Faucett, “Snowbirds”, in Atlanta Magazine, volume 45, number 2, page 79:",
"text": "He put the transmission into drive and pressed the gas. The engine raced and the motor home rocked, gently, but did not move forward.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To run rapidly when not engaged to a transmission."
],
"id": "en-race-en-verb-4YzrIbkR",
"links": [
[
"run",
"run"
],
[
"rapidly",
"rapidly"
],
[
"engaged",
"engaged"
],
[
"transmission",
"transmission"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, of a motor) To run rapidly when not engaged to a transmission."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a motor"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 4 94",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "of a motor, to run rapidly when not engaged to a transmission",
"word": "mbio"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "rās"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹeɪs/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-race.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/En-us-race.ogg/En-us-race.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-us-race.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"word": "race"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "racemate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bronze race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chosen race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "critical race theory"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cross-race effect"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gay race communism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "human race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "landrace"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "master race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mixed-race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mixed race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "play the race card"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "proto-race"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race-bait"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race-baiter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race baiting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race-bending"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race-blind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race-blindness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race card"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race detractor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race feeling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race-fellow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race film"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race hatred"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race lift"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race memory"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race mixer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race mixing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race-monger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race movie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race music"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race-norming"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race realism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race realist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race record"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race relations"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race riot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race suicide"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race traitor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "racy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ur-race"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "race"
},
"expansion": "Middle French race",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "razza"
},
"expansion": "Italian razza",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "kinde",
"3": "",
"4": "kind, type, sort, race, nature"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kinde (“kind, type, sort, race, nature”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kind"
},
"expansion": "English kind",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "theories"
},
"expansion": "theories",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raitō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raitō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "reiza",
"t": "line"
},
"expansion": "Old High German reiza (“line”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ríta",
"t": "to score, log, outline"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse ríta (“to score, log, outline”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lng",
"3": "*raiza",
"t": "line"
},
"expansion": "Lombardic *raiza (“line”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "linea sanguinis",
"t": "bloodline of descent"
},
"expansion": "Latin linea sanguinis (“bloodline of descent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "raza"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish raza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رَأْس",
"t": "head"
},
"expansion": "Arabic رَأْس (raʔs, “head”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "razza"
},
"expansion": "Italian razza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "generatio"
},
"expansion": "Latin generatio",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "haraz",
"t": "troop of horses"
},
"expansion": "Old French haraz (“troop of horses”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "haras",
"t": "breeding farm for horses; stud farm"
},
"expansion": "French haras (“breeding farm for horses; stud farm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hárr",
"t": "grey-haired; hoary"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hárr (“grey-haired; hoary”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*radia"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *radia",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1560s, via Middle French race from Italian razza (early 14th century), of uncertain origin. Partially displaced native Middle English kinde (“kind, type, sort, race, nature”), whence English kind.\ntheories\n* Diez and some other scholars suggest derivation from Proto-Germanic *raitō (whence Old High German reiza (“line”) and Old Norse ríta (“to score, log, outline”)), perhaps via Lombardic *raiza (“line”), which Körting notes is a literal rendering of Latin linea sanguinis (“bloodline of descent”). Anatoly Liberman says \"the semantic fit is good\" but the chronology falters; he says the Germanic word went out of use before the Italian word arose, and he says the intermediary is not attested.\n* Some scholars suggest derivation from Old Spanish raza, rasa, from earlier ras, res (“head of cattle”), from Arabic رَأْس (raʔs, “head”), but Italian razza predates the Spanish word according to Diez and Meyer-Lübke.\n* Meyer-Lübke suggested Latin generatio as the root; Körting says \"the disappearance of two initial syllables hardly seems credible\", but Meyer-Lübke notes the Venetian form narazza and the Old Bellunesian form naraccia, positing that after the first syllable ge- was lost, the remaining (una) narazza came to be reanalysed as una razza.\n* Gianfranco Contini suggests the Italian word comes from Old French haraz (“troop of horses”), whence Modern French haras (“breeding farm for horses; stud farm”), from Old Norse hárr (“grey-haired; hoary”). Liberman considers this derivation the most likely.\n* Other suggested Latin etyma:\n** radius (perhaps via Vulgar Latin *radia) (per Baist).\n** radix (“root”) (per Ulrich); Liberman says \"the semantic match is excellent\", and race (“rhizome of ginger”) (which definitely derives from radix) shows that the phonology is plausible.\n** *raptiare (“breed falcons”) (per Körting).\n** The nominative of ratio (perhaps via an unattested intermediate form *razzo), as opposed to ragione which derives from the accusative rationem.\n* Other implausible suggestions include Slavic raz and Basque arraca, supposedly meaning \"stud animal\" (Basque arrazza, \"race\", derives from Spanish).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "races",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "race (countable and uncountable, plural races)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "racial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "racism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "racist"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 4 4 4 2 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 4 4 4 2 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 4 4 4 2 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 4 4 4 2 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 4 4 4 2 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 7 2 1 2 4 3 4 2 6 7 3 5 5 4 4 4 4 2 4 5 1 4 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 6 2 1 2 4 7 3 2 7 6 5 7 4 3 3 4 3 2 4 5 1 3 1 1 1 0 3 2 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 4 4 4 2 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 2 1 2 4 4 4 2 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 5 0 0 1 4 3 3 2 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 3 2 1 3 0 3 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 4 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 7 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 4 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Racism",
"orig": "en:Racism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 7 8 10 8 5 8 5 2 6 7 2 5 2 3 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 9 7 6 5 6 5 3 6 7 3 4 2 3 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 8 10 7 6 8 6 3 7 7 2 3 2 3 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Friulian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 7 11 8 7 6 7 6 3 7 9 2 2 2 3 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 8 10 7 6 8 6 3 7 7 2 3 2 3 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 8 10 7 7 8 7 3 7 6 2 3 2 3 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Iban translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 7 8 9 7 6 8 6 3 7 6 2 3 2 3 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 8 10 7 6 8 7 3 7 7 2 3 2 3 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"text": "The Canadian race is one of the most vigorous on the globe.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
84,
88
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500–1510, “Hycke-Scorner. A Morality.”, in Thomas Hawkins, editor, The Origin of the English Drama, […], volume I, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon-Press, for S. Leacroft, […]; [a]nd sold by D[aniel] Prince […], and J[ohn] Woodyer […], published 1773, →OCLC, page 89:",
"text": "Felovves, they ſhall never more us vvithſtonde, / For I ſe them all drovvned in the raſe of Irlonde.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
160,
164
]
],
"ref": "1838, Abraham Lincoln, Young Men's Lyceum address:",
"text": "We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them—they are a legacy bequeathed us, by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed race of ancestors.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
31
],
[
65,
69
],
[
65,
70
]
],
"ref": "1895 November 11, Joseph Chamberlain, Speech given to the Imperial Institute:",
"text": "I believe that the British race is the greatest of the governing races that the world has ever seen.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
36
],
[
53,
57
],
[
78,
82
]
],
"ref": "1917 February, Will Irwin, “War and the Race”, in The Advocate of Peace, volume 79, number 2, page 50:",
"text": "What is to become of the French race and the British race—yes, and the German race—if this thing keeps up?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A group of sentient beings, particularly people, distinguished by common ancestry, heritage or characteristics (see Wikipedia's article on historical definitions of race):",
"A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage."
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-en:Q3254959",
"links": [
[
"distinguish",
"distinguish"
],
[
"heritage",
"heritage"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q3254959"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "breed"
},
{
"word": "strain"
},
{
"word": "kind"
},
{
"word": "lineage"
},
{
"word": "people"
},
{
"word": "variety"
},
{
"word": "clan"
},
{
"word": "ethnicity"
},
{
"word": "ethnic group"
},
{
"word": "ethnie"
},
{
"word": "nationality"
},
{
"word": "tribe"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "racë"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕirq",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عِرْق"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "azg",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ազգ"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "cʻeġ",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ցեղ"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raza"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "irq"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "arraza"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rása",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́са"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rása",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́са"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "lu-myui:",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "လူမျိုး"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "wamsa.",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ဝံသ"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "rása",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́са"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "種 /种"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhǒngzú",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "種族 /种族"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ras"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afkomst"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "raso"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "rass"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "rotu"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raze"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raza"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "rasa",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "რასა"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rasse"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Geschlecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "knōþs",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fylí",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φυλή"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "lāhui"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "géza'",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גֶּזַע"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "zéra'",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "זֶרַע"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "vañś",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "वंश"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jāti",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "जाति"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nasla",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "नस्ल"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "zāt",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ज़ात"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "birādrī",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "बिरादरी"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jinas",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "जिनस"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jins",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "जिंस"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kul",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कुल"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bans",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "बंस"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "faj"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "iba",
"lang": "Iban",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "bansa"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ras"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cine"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "razza"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"alt": "じんしゅ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jinshu",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "人種"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
"alt": "しゅぞく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shuzoku",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
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"word": "인종"
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"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
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{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
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],
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},
{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
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"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
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{
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{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
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{
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{
"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
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{
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"_dis1": "32 16 16 15 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 0",
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"text": "Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept?",
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"text": "His opinion is founded on the alleged fact that there are scarely any drunkards in the wine-producing regions, where people drink wine with their food as freely as we do tea or coffee. \"Give us what good wine we need,\" says the professor, \"and the temperance crusade will be wellnigh ended when the present race of drunkards have passed away.",
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"text": "There's a race of men that don't fit in, / A race that can't stay still; / So they break the hearts of kith and kin, / And they roam the world at will.",
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"text": "Indeed, all of us are called to join the race of faith. Our identity as Christians is not a burden or an obstacle for our lives, but is rather a gift, […]",
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"fantasy"
],
[
"science fiction",
"science fiction"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"nonhuman",
"nonhuman"
],
[
"distinguish",
"distinguish"
],
[
"heritage",
"heritage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A group of sentient beings, particularly people, distinguished by common ancestry, heritage or characteristics (see Wikipedia's article on historical definitions of race):",
"(fantasy, science fiction, mythology) A large group of nonhumans distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q3254959"
],
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{
"word": "breed"
},
{
"word": "strain"
},
{
"word": "kind"
},
{
"word": "lineage"
},
{
"word": "people"
},
{
"word": "variety"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"fantasy",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"publishing",
"science-fiction",
"sciences"
],
"wikidata": [
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]
},
{
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"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 1 1 2 4 4 3 2 5 4 4 5 6 5 4 5 4 2 5 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 1 1 2 4 3 3 2 4 3 3 4 7 5 3 6 4 1 5 6 2 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 1 1 2 5 4 3 2 4 3 3 4 8 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 7 1 1 2 5 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 4 3 5 4 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "2 4 6 1 1 2 4 5 3 2 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 2 4 4 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 7 8 10 8 5 8 5 2 6 7 2 5 2 3 2 4",
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"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 7 7 15 7 7 8 7 3 8 4 1 1 1 3 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 8 10 7 6 8 6 3 7 7 2 3 2 3 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Friulian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 6 6 7 10 7 7 7 7 3 7 7 3 4 2 4 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 8 10 7 6 8 6 3 7 7 2 3 2 3 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 8 10 7 7 8 7 3 7 6 2 3 2 3 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Iban translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 7 12 7 6 8 6 3 7 6 2 3 2 3 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 7 8 9 7 6 8 6 3 7 6 2 3 2 3 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 7 7 12 8 7 9 8 3 7 4 1 1 1 3 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 6 10 8 7 9 7 3 8 7 2 3 2 3 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 6 10 8 7 9 7 3 8 7 2 3 2 3 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sinhalese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 8 10 7 6 8 7 3 7 7 2 3 2 3 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
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"ref": "1968 December, Dale W. Rice, Victor B. Scheffer, A List of the Marine Mammals of the World, Special Scientific Report—Fisheries number 579, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Phoca vitulina, page 6:",
"text": "Two races are certainly valid. The Atlantic race (P. v. vitulina) is distinguishable from the Pacific race (P. v. richardi Gray, 1864) by skull characters.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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125
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"ref": "2000, Edward O[sborne] Wilson, Sociobiology: The New Synthesis, 25th anniversary edition, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 9:",
"text": "A population that differs signicatly from other populations belonging to the same species is referred to as a geographic race or subspecies. Subspecies are separated from other subspecies by distance and geographic barriers that prevent the exchange of individuals, as opposed to the genetically based \"intrinsic isolating mechanisms\" that hold species apart.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics; often an informal infraspecific rank in taxonomy, below species:",
"A population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics; a mating group."
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-u1KwSRcQ",
"links": [
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"organism"
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[
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"informal"
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"infraspecific",
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[
"rank",
"rank"
],
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"biology",
"biology"
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[
"population",
"population"
],
[
"geographically",
"geographically"
],
[
"mating",
"mating"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics; often an informal infraspecific rank in taxonomy, below species:",
"(biology) A population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics; a mating group."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kind"
},
{
"word": "strain"
},
{
"word": "variety"
},
{
"word": "ecospecies"
},
{
"word": "ecotype"
},
{
"word": "subspecies"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
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"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"word": "rotu"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rasse"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "kuni",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌹"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fylí",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φυλή"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "génos",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γένος"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"word": "lāhui"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"word": "rassz"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Raaß"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rooß"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rasa",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "раса"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "subespécie"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ras"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"word": "resis"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 4 3 49 6 5 6 5 2 3 5 1 1 1 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hil"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [],
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}
],
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"ref": "1859, Charles Darwin, “Variation under Domestication”, in On the Origin of Species:",
"text": "Nevertheless, as our varieties certainly do occasionally revert in some of their characters to ancestral forms, it seems to me not improbable, that if we could succeed in naturalising, or were to cultivate, during many generations, the several races, for instance, of the cabbage, in very poor soil (in which case, however, some effect would have to be attributed to the direct action of the poor soil), that they would to a large extent, or even wholly, revert to the wild aboriginal stock.",
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"ref": "1948 June, “Development of Races”, in Woody-Plant Seed Manual, Miscellaneous Publication no. 654, Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, page 15:",
"text": "Tree races develop not only in different latitudes, but also at different altitudes and within mountainous regions. Since climate changes markedly with altitude as well as latitude, both kinds of development are included in the term climatic races. In addition, soil or site races may develop in areas similar climatically but characterized by different soil or site conditions.",
"type": "quote"
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{
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"ref": "1995 September 11–14, Loreen Allphin, Michael D[ennis] Windham, Kimball T[aylor] Harper, “A Genetic Evaluation of Three Potential Races of the Rare Kachina Daisy”, in Southwestern Rare and Endangered Plants: Proceedings of the Second Conference, Flagstaff, Arizona, page 75:",
"text": "Our genetic evaluation suggests that the morphologically distinct race (Dolores River) is more closely related to the type materials than the ecologically distinct, high-elevation race.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics; often an informal infraspecific rank in taxonomy, below species:",
"A strain of plant with characteristics causing it to differ from other plants of the same species."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "cultigen"
},
{
"word": "cultivar"
},
{
"word": "indigen"
}
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-CNFYFS4M",
"links": [
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"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"informal",
"informal"
],
[
"infraspecific",
"infraspecific"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
],
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics; often an informal infraspecific rank in taxonomy, below species:",
"(botany) A strain of plant with characteristics causing it to differ from other plants of the same species."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kind"
},
{
"word": "strain"
},
{
"word": "variety"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
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"ref": "c. 1596–1599, William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, act 5, scene 1:",
"text": "For do but note a wild and wanton herd, / Or race of youthful and unhandled colts, / Fetching mad bounds.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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82,
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],
"ref": "1799, Joshua Rowlin, The Complete Cow-Doctor; Or, Farmer's Companion, 2nd edition, London, page 42:",
"text": "They have another breed, called the Dunlop cows, which are allowed to be the best race for yielding milk in Great Britain or Ireland, not only for large quantities, but also for richness in quality.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "1875, Augustus C. L. Arnold, The Living World, volume 1, Boston: Samuel Walker & Co, page 88:",
"text": "Great St. Bernard Dog—This race is nearly allied to the Newfoundland Dog in form, stature, hair, and colors; but the head and ears are like that of a Water Spaniel.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics; often an informal infraspecific rank in taxonomy, below species:",
"A breed or strain of domesticated animal."
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-jS0uISgg",
"links": [
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"informal",
"informal"
],
[
"infraspecific",
"infraspecific"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
],
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"breed",
"breed"
],
[
"strain",
"strain"
],
[
"domesticate",
"domesticate"
]
],
"qualifier": "animal husbandry",
"raw_glosses": [
"A group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics; often an informal infraspecific rank in taxonomy, below species:",
"(animal husbandry) A breed or strain of domesticated animal."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kind"
},
{
"word": "strain"
},
{
"word": "variety"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poróda",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поро́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"word": "ras"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"word": "rotu"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raza"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rasse"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "rátsa",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ράτσα"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"word": "fajta"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"alt": "ひんしゅ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hinshu",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"word": "品種"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "suga"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "veislė"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Raaß"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rooß"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rasa",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "раса"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"word": "baka"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poroda",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "порода"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"word": "nòi"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 2 2 35 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brid"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Bacteriology",
"orig": "en:Bacteriology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mycology",
"orig": "en:Mycology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 7 8 10 8 5 8 5 2 6 7 2 5 2 3 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"text": "Now Mary MacDonald of the Plant Breeding Institute at Maris Lane, Cambridge, has made an interesting study which has duplicated the conditions under which new races arise. And she has produced at least one new fungal race.",
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"text": "The type of microorganisms is a very important factor influencing the quality of cider. Yeast of various producers and races result in different taste and flavor.",
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{
"word": "pathovar"
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"ref": "1555, Peter Martyr of Angleria [i.e., Peter Martyr d’Anghiera], “The Nynth Booke of the Seconde Decade, of the Supposed Continent”, in Rycharde Eden [i.e., Richard Eden], transl., The Decades of the Newe Worlde or West India, […], London: […] [Rycharde Jug for] Guilhelmi Powell, →OCLC, 2nd decade, folio 83, recto:",
"text": "[I]nnumerable popingayes of ſundry kindes are found chattering in the groues of thoſe fenny places. […] For in the raſe of this large lande, Colonus [Christopher Columbus] him ſelfe brought and ſent to the courte a greate number of euery kynde, the which it was lawfull for all the people to beholde, and are yet dayly browght in like manner.",
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"ref": "1783 November 20, Samuel Johnson, “From the Letters of Dr. Samuel Johnson”, in Vicesimus Knox, editor, Elegant Epistles, Dublin: Messrs H. Chamberlaine and Rice, published 1790, section 3, letter 79, Dr. Johnson to Mrs. Thrale, page 785:",
"text": "You do not tell me her diſeaſe; and perhaps have not been able yourself fully to underſtand it. I hope it is not of the cephalic race.",
"type": "quote"
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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67,
71
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"ref": "1786, Robert Burns, Address to the Haggis:",
"text": "Fair fa' your honest, sonsie face, / Great chieftain o the puddin'-race!",
"type": "quote"
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "1887 March, Anna Barrows, “Rhubarb Pies”, in The Cottage Hearth, volume 13, number 3, page 69:",
"text": "Who does not like rhubarb pies? Not sour, soggy articles, such as have brought reproach upon the whole race of pies, but sweet, juicy pies, with light, flaky crust, a compound that has no rival.",
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}
],
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"A category or kind of thing distinguished by common characteristics."
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"kind",
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"(by extension) A category or kind of thing distinguished by common characteristics."
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"word": "class"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "class"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "division"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "family"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "genre"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "ilk"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "kind"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "likes"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "race"
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{
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"word": "rubric"
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{
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{
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"word": "sort"
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"ref": "c. 1625, Philip Massinger, A New Way to Pay Old Debts, act 1, scene 3:",
"text": "Is it [the wine] of the right race?",
"type": "quote"
},
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "1827, Christian Isobel Johnstone, “A Country Sunday Evening”, in Elizabeth de Bruce, volume 1, New York: W. Blackwood, page 130:",
"text": "On the day following Elizabeth's interview with Gideon, this innocent relish—the olives which gave zest, or the walnuts which gave race and richness, to Monkshaugh's moderate hebdomadal glass of old claret—was not forgotten.",
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"ref": "1875, Sebastian Evans, “The Eve of Morte Arthur”, in In the Studio, London: Macmillan & Co, pages 164–165:",
"text": "So sang the poet in his pride of place, / And Arthur bade the pages plenish well / The cups of all the kings with wine of race, / Osaye or Algarde, Rhenish or Rochell, / Vernage of Venice, Rhodes or Famagust, / Sweet Malvoisie or Cretan Muscadel,—",
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}
],
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"Peculiar flavour, taste, or strength, as of wine; that quality, or assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin or kind, as in wine; hence, characteristic flavour."
],
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],
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],
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{
"word": "typicity"
}
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{
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{
"_dis": "2 3 7 1 1 2 4 3 3 2 4 3 3 4 7 5 3 6 4 1 5 6 2 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 3",
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"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
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{
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"ref": "c. 1603–1604, William Shakespeare, Measure for Measure, act 2, scene 4:",
"text": "And now I give my sensual race the rein.",
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{
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"ref": "1685, Sir William Temple, Upon the Gardens of Epicurus; or, Of Gardening:",
"text": "[…]some great race of fancy or judgment in the contrivance[…]",
"type": "quote"
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "1807, Alexander Fraser Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee, Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Honourable Henry Home of Kames, volume 1, book 2, chapter 1, Edinburgh: William Creech, page 181:",
"text": "His conversation, too, had a race and flavour peculiarly its own: it was nervous, sententious, and tinctured with genuine wit.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Characteristic quality or disposition."
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"disposition",
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"(obsolete) Characteristic quality or disposition."
],
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{
"word": "attribute"
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{
"word": "idiosyncrasy"
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{
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{
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "designation"
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{
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"word": "distinction"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "distinctiveness"
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{
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"word": "feature"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "trait"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "property"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "attribute"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "hallmark"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "quality"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "parameter"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "race"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "touch"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "whatness"
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"ref": "1658, Edward Topsell, “Of the horse”, in The History of Four-Footed Beasts and Serpents, page 234:",
"text": "It behooveth therefore that the Mares appointed for race, be well compacted, of a decent quality, being fair and beautiful to look upon, the belly and loins being great, in age not under three nor above ten years old.",
"type": "quote"
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, book 7:",
"text": "Male he created thee, but thy consort / Femal for Race; then bless’d Mankinde, and said, / Be fruitful, multiplie, and fill the Earth[.]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The sexual activity of conceiving and bearing biological offspring."
],
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"links": [
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"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The sexual activity of conceiving and bearing biological offspring."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "breeding"
},
{
"word": "procreation"
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{
"word": "progenation"
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{
"word": "propagation"
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{
"word": "reproduction"
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],
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},
{
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"examples": [
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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87,
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"ref": "1609, Ben Jonson, Epicœne, or The Silent Woman, act 3, scene 2:",
"text": "Yes, madam, believe it, she is a gentlewoman of very absolute behaviour, and of a good race.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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166,
170
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],
"ref": "1785, Nathaniel William Wraxall, “Henry the Second”, in The History of France Under the Kings of the Race of Valois, 2nd edition, volume 2, London: C. Dilly, pages 52–53:",
"text": "Wars of religion, more sanguinary, cruel, and ruinous than even those of Henry the fifth and Edward the third, rise in succession under the three last princes of the race of Valois.",
"type": "quote"
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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90
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],
"ref": "1844 January–December, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, “My Pedigree and Family.—Undergo the Influence of the Tender Passion.”, in “The Memoirs of Barry Lyndon, Esq. [The Luck of Barry Lyndon.]”, in Miscellanies: Prose and Verse, volume III, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1856, →OCLC:",
"text": "That very estate which the Lyndons now possess in Ireland was once the property of my race.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ancestry, lineage."
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-D4jcJJvV",
"links": [
[
"Ancestry",
"ancestry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, uncountable) Ancestry, lineage."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "extraction"
},
{
"word": "family"
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{
"word": "house"
},
{
"word": "line"
},
{
"word": "pedigree"
},
{
"word": "stirp"
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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103,
108
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"ref": "1738 [1728], Ephraim Chambers, “Race”, in Cyclopaedia: Or, An Universal Dictionary Of Arts and Sciences, 2nd edition, London: D. Midwinter:",
"text": "In ſeveral orders of knighthood, as in that of Malta, &c. the candidates muſt prove a nobility of four races or deſcents.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
160,
164
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],
"ref": "1838, Abraham Lincoln, Young Men's Lyceum address:",
"text": "We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them—they are a legacy bequeathed us, by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed race of ancestors.",
"type": "quote"
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
93,
97
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[
101,
105
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],
"ref": "1870, Charles Dickens, “The Nun's House”, in The Mystery of Edwin Drood:",
"text": "Perhaps this is the reason why it is an article of faith with the servants, handed down from race to race, that the departed Tisher was a hairdresser.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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59,
63
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],
"ref": "1929 December, Johnny Burke, “No Short Skirts To Their Knees”, in Burke's Popular Songs, St. John's, Newfoundland: Long Brothers:",
"text": "For the old stock is fast dying out, Jennie, / And a young race is taking their place, / In our grandmothers' day they had sense, Jennie, / No powder or paints on their face.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A step in a lineage or succession; a generation."
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-qHxstNvZ",
"links": [
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"raw_glosses": [
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],
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"word": "age group"
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{
"word": "cohort"
}
],
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]
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{
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76,
80
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"ref": "c. 1606–1607, William Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra, act 3, scene 13:",
"text": "Have I my pillow left unpressed in Rome, / Forborne the getting of a lawful race, / And by a gem of women, to be abused / By one that looks on feeders?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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290,
294
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],
"ref": "1737, Richard Glover, Leonidas, book 2, Baltimore: Neal, Wills & Cole, published 1814, page 35:",
"text": "The good man besought him. Let the king / Propitious hear a parent. In thy train / I have five sons. Ah! leave my eldest born, / Thy future vassal, to sustain my age!' / The tyrant fell reply'd. 'Presumptuous man, / Who art my slave, in this tremendous war, / Is not my person hazarded, my race, / My consort?[']",
"type": "quote"
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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132,
136
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],
"ref": "1842, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “Locksley Hall”, in Poems, volume 2, London: Edward Moxon, page 109:",
"text": "There the passions cramp’d no longer shall have scope and breathing-space; / I will take some savage woman, she shall rear my dusky race. / Iron-jointed, supple-sinew’d, they shall dive, and they shall run, / Catch the wild goat by the hair, and hurl their lances in the sun[.]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Progeny, offspring, descendants."
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-lgTRUQlZ",
"links": [
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[
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"offspring"
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, uncountable) Progeny, offspring, descendants."
],
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{
"word": "get"
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{
"word": "issue"
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{
"word": "seed"
}
],
"tags": [
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "rās"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹeɪs/",
"tags": [
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"Received-Pronunciation"
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{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
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],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "ras"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "afkomst"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "rotu"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raza"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fylí",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φυλή"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "lāhui"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "rassz"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "ras"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "razza"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rasa",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "раса"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "raça"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ras"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 11 12 8 8 8 8 8 5 2 4 0 1 0 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hil"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕirq",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عِرْق"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ṙasa",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "ռասա"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rása",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́са"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rása",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́са"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "lu-myui:",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "လူမျိုး"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhǒngzú",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "種族 /种族"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "ras"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "rotu"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raza"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "knōþs",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fylí",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φυλή"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "génos",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γένος"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "lāhui"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "rassz"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "fajta"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kynþáttur"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cine"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "razza"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"alt": "じんしゅ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jinshu",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "人種"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"alt": "人種",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "injong",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "인종"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "regez",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "ڕەگەز"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rasa",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "раса"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "arʹstan",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "арьстан"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rase"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rase"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "soy",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "صوی"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "nesl",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "نسل"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "nežâd",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "نژاد"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasă"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rása",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́са"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ras"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rása",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́са"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 19 18 15 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 0 0 1 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hil"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 3 3 16 16 16 16 16 3 1 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 3 3 16 16 16 16 16 3 1 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "soort"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 3 3 16 16 16 16 16 3 1 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "geneá",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "γενεά"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 3 3 16 16 16 16 16 3 1 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "geniá",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
],
"word": "γενιά"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 3 3 16 16 16 16 16 3 1 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "fajta"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 3 3 16 16 16 16 16 3 1 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "típus"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 3 3 16 16 16 16 16 3 1 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "csoport"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 3 3 16 16 16 16 16 3 1 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "kategória"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 3 3 16 16 16 16 16 3 1 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "üülder",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "үүлдэр"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 3 3 16 16 16 16 16 3 1 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "categoria"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 3 3 16 16 16 16 16 3 1 2 0 0 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poroda",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "порода"
}
],
"word": "race"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "race"
},
"expansion": "Middle French race",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "razza"
},
"expansion": "Italian razza",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "kinde",
"3": "",
"4": "kind, type, sort, race, nature"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kinde (“kind, type, sort, race, nature”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kind"
},
"expansion": "English kind",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "theories"
},
"expansion": "theories",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raitō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raitō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "reiza",
"t": "line"
},
"expansion": "Old High German reiza (“line”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ríta",
"t": "to score, log, outline"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse ríta (“to score, log, outline”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lng",
"3": "*raiza",
"t": "line"
},
"expansion": "Lombardic *raiza (“line”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "linea sanguinis",
"t": "bloodline of descent"
},
"expansion": "Latin linea sanguinis (“bloodline of descent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "raza"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish raza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رَأْس",
"t": "head"
},
"expansion": "Arabic رَأْس (raʔs, “head”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "razza"
},
"expansion": "Italian razza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "generatio"
},
"expansion": "Latin generatio",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "haraz",
"t": "troop of horses"
},
"expansion": "Old French haraz (“troop of horses”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "haras",
"t": "breeding farm for horses; stud farm"
},
"expansion": "French haras (“breeding farm for horses; stud farm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hárr",
"t": "grey-haired; hoary"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hárr (“grey-haired; hoary”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*radia"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *radia",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1560s, via Middle French race from Italian razza (early 14th century), of uncertain origin. Partially displaced native Middle English kinde (“kind, type, sort, race, nature”), whence English kind.\ntheories\n* Diez and some other scholars suggest derivation from Proto-Germanic *raitō (whence Old High German reiza (“line”) and Old Norse ríta (“to score, log, outline”)), perhaps via Lombardic *raiza (“line”), which Körting notes is a literal rendering of Latin linea sanguinis (“bloodline of descent”). Anatoly Liberman says \"the semantic fit is good\" but the chronology falters; he says the Germanic word went out of use before the Italian word arose, and he says the intermediary is not attested.\n* Some scholars suggest derivation from Old Spanish raza, rasa, from earlier ras, res (“head of cattle”), from Arabic رَأْس (raʔs, “head”), but Italian razza predates the Spanish word according to Diez and Meyer-Lübke.\n* Meyer-Lübke suggested Latin generatio as the root; Körting says \"the disappearance of two initial syllables hardly seems credible\", but Meyer-Lübke notes the Venetian form narazza and the Old Bellunesian form naraccia, positing that after the first syllable ge- was lost, the remaining (una) narazza came to be reanalysed as una razza.\n* Gianfranco Contini suggests the Italian word comes from Old French haraz (“troop of horses”), whence Modern French haras (“breeding farm for horses; stud farm”), from Old Norse hárr (“grey-haired; hoary”). Liberman considers this derivation the most likely.\n* Other suggested Latin etyma:\n** radius (perhaps via Vulgar Latin *radia) (per Baist).\n** radix (“root”) (per Ulrich); Liberman says \"the semantic match is excellent\", and race (“rhizome of ginger”) (which definitely derives from radix) shows that the phonology is plausible.\n** *raptiare (“breed falcons”) (per Körting).\n** The nominative of ratio (perhaps via an unattested intermediate form *razzo), as opposed to ragione which derives from the accusative rationem.\n* Other implausible suggestions include Slavic raz and Basque arraca, supposedly meaning \"stud animal\" (Basque arrazza, \"race\", derives from Spanish).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "races",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "racing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"ref": "1996, Philosophical Studies in Education, page 151:",
"text": "To be raced as black in the U.S. translates symbolically into being considered inferior to whites, lazy, immoral, boisterous, violent, and sexually promiscuous.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
189,
194
]
],
"ref": "2006, Athena D. Mutua, Progressive Black Masculinities?, Routledge, →ISBN, page 30:",
"text": "From this perspective, the project of progressive blackness entails the edification of black people and the elimination of all forms of domination that limit this edification for all those raced as black.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
23
]
],
"ref": "2008, George Yancy, Black Bodies, White Gazes: The Continuing Significance of Race, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 46:",
"text": "By avoiding being raced as white, whites are able to maintain the illusion that they have always been individuals, that they have always accomplished their achievements through merit alone.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
105,
110
]
],
"ref": "2020 March 24, Sophie Lewis, “The coronavirus crisis shows it's time to abolish the family”, in opendemocracy.net:",
"text": "[T]he private family qua mode of social reproduction still, frankly, sucks. It genders, nationalizes and races us. It norms us for productive work.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To assign a race to; to perceive as having a (usually specified) race."
],
"id": "en-race-en-verb-IOubO9fE",
"links": [
[
"assign",
"assign"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
245,
250
]
],
"ref": "1738 [1728], Ephraim Chambers, “Race”, in Cyclopaedia: Or, An Universal Dictionary Of Arts and Sciences, 2nd edition, London: D. Midwinter:",
"text": "D'Hervieux obſerves that it is uſual to put the female canary bird to the male goldfinch, linnet, or the like, to breed; but for his part, he ſhould chuſe to put the male canary-bird to the female goldfinch, linnet, &c. becauſe the male uſually races more than the female, i. e. the young ones take more after the male than after the female.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pass down certain phenotypic traits to offspring."
],
"id": "en-race-en-verb-zlbpr0LR",
"links": [
[
"phenotypic",
"phenotypic"
],
[
"offspring",
"offspring"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To pass down certain phenotypic traits to offspring."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "come true"
},
{
"word": "breed true"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "rās"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹeɪs/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-race.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/En-us-race.ogg/En-us-race.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-us-race.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"word": "race"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "raïz"
},
"expansion": "Middle French raïz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "radix",
"4": "",
"5": "root"
},
"expansion": "Latin radix (“root”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*wrādīks"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wrādīks",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wréh₂ds"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Mid 16th century. From Middle French raïz, raiz, rais (“root”), from Latin radix (“root”), from Proto-Italic *wrādīks, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "races",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "race (plural races)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "race ginger"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
105,
109
]
],
"ref": "1610, William Shakespeare, The Winter's Tale, act IV, scene III, line 45:",
"text": "I must have saffron to color the warden pies; mace; dates, none—that's out of my note; nutmegs, seven; a race or two of ginger, but that I may beg; four pounds of prunes, and as many of raisins o' th' sun.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
153,
158
]
],
"ref": "1777, Edward Terry, A Voyage to East-India, page 62:",
"text": "They have onions and garlick, and some herbs and small roots for sallads; and in the southernmoft parts, ginger growing almost in every place; the large races whereof are there very excellently well preserved, as we may know by our tasting them in England.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
83,
88
]
],
"ref": "1842, Gibbons Merle, The Domestic Dictionary and Housekeeper's Manual, page 433:",
"text": "On the third day after this second boiling, pour all the syrup into a pan, put the races of ginger with it, and boil it up until the syrup adheres to the spoon.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rhizome or root, especially of ginger."
],
"id": "en-race-en-noun-raOvuTYX",
"links": [
[
"rhizome",
"rhizome"
],
[
"root",
"root"
],
[
"ginger",
"ginger"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "rhizome",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arrel"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ríza",
"sense": "rhizome",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ρίζα"
},
{
"alt": "ちかけい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chikakei",
"sense": "rhizome",
"word": "地下茎"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rhizome",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raíz"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "rhizome",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gwreiddyn"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "rās"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹeɪs/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-race.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/En-us-race.ogg/En-us-race.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-us-race.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"word": "race"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "race knife"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "raced"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "grasscutting implement",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "racer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "racing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to cut, scratch, or tear, especially deeply",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ranch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to hack, slash, or slice (something); to scrape or scratch (something)",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rash"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "alternative spelling of unrazed",
"word": "unraced"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A variant of raze.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "races",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "racing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "glossary",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "race",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "race",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "race",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "racest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "racedst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "races",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raceth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "race",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "race",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "race",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "racing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced)",
"name": "en-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "transitive"
},
"expansion": "(transitive)",
"name": "term-label"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To sharpen (a grindstone) by scraping its surface."
],
"id": "en-race-en-verb-98qE27oK",
"links": [
[
"sharpen",
"sharpen"
],
[
"grindstone",
"grindstone"
],
[
"scraping",
"scrape#Verb"
],
[
"surface",
"surface#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) To sharpen (a grindstone) by scraping its surface."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 33 10 10 10 10 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
40,
44
]
],
"ref": "1545, Roger Ascham, “The Seconde Booke”, in Toxophilus, the Schole, or Partitions of Shooting […], [new] edition, London: […] Thomas Marshe, published 1571, →OCLC, folio 38, recto:",
"text": "Buckles and agglettes at vnwares, ſhall race his bowe, a thinge both euill for the fight, ⁊ perillous for freatinge.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
140,
144
]
],
"ref": "1607, Gervase Markham, “Of Paine in the Teeth, and of the Woolfes”, in Cauelarice, or The English Horseman: […], London: […] [Edward Allde and W[illiam] Jaggard] for Edward White, […], →OCLC, 7th book, page 54:",
"text": "Paine in a horſſes teeth commeth either from pride and corruption of blood, or els from cold rhums, […] the cure is, vvith a ſharp knife to race him alongſt his gummes, cloſe vnder his teeth, both of the inſide and outſide: and then to rubbe them all ouer, either vvith pepper & ſalt vvel mingled together, or vvith claret vvine and pepper heated vpon the fire, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
105,
112
]
],
"ref": "1678 January 11 – February 11 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Moxon, “Numb[er] II. Applied to the Making of Hinges, Locks, Keys, Screws and Nuts Small and Great. Of Locks and Keys.”, in Mechanick Exercises, or The Doctrine of Handy-Works, […], volume I, London: […] Joseph Moxon, published 1683, →OCLC, page 19:",
"text": "Then File one edge very ſtraight by laying a ſtraight Ruler juſt vvithin the edge of it, and dravving or raceing vvith a point of hardned Steel a bright line by the ſide of the Ruler: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"To cut, scratch, or tear (someone or something) with a sharp object; to lacerate, to slash; specifically (nautical), to make marks on (something, such as a piece of wood) using a race knife."
],
"id": "en-race-en-verb-r6WLRxVv",
"links": [
[
"raze",
"raze#English"
],
[
"cut",
"cut#Verb"
],
[
"scratch",
"scratch#Verb"
],
[
"tear",
"tear#Verb"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp#Adjective"
],
[
"object",
"object#Noun"
],
[
"lacerate",
"lacerate#Verb"
],
[
"slash",
"slash#Verb"
],
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"marks",
"mark#Noun"
],
[
"piece",
"piece#Noun"
],
[
"wood",
"wood#Noun"
],
[
"using",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"race knife",
"race knife"
]
],
"qualifier": "southwest England",
"raw_glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"(southwest England) To cut, scratch, or tear (someone or something) with a sharp object; to lacerate, to slash; specifically (nautical), to make marks on (something, such as a piece of wood) using a race knife."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
23
]
],
"ref": "1530 July 28 (Gregorian calendar), Iohan Palsgraue [i.e., John Palsgrave], “The Table of Verbes”, in Lesclarcissement de la langue francoyse⸝ […], [London]: […] [Richard Pynson] fynnysshed by Iohan Haukyns, →OCLC, 3rd boke, folio cccxxxii, recto, column 1; reprinted Geneva: Slatkine Reprints, October 1972, →OCLC:",
"text": "This indenture is raced all the worlde may ſe it: Ceſte indenture eſt faulcée tout le monde le peult veoyr.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
47
]
],
"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Thomas Nash[e], The Tragedie of Dido Queene of Carthage: […], London: […] Widdowe Orwin, for Thomas Woodcocke, […], →OCLC, Act III, signature A3, recto:",
"text": "But I vvill take another order novv, / And race th'eternall Regiſter of time: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"To alter (a document) by erasing parts of it."
],
"id": "en-race-en-verb-pPfnuWmz",
"links": [
[
"raze",
"raze#English"
],
[
"alter",
"alter#Verb"
],
[
"document",
"document#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"(obsolete)",
"To alter (a document) by erasing parts of it."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
123,
128
]
],
"ref": "a. 1619 (date written), Walter Raleigh, The Life and Death of Mahomet, the Conquest of Spaine together with the Rysing and Ruine of the Sarazen Empire, London: […] R[alph] H[odgkinson] for Daniel Frere, […], published 1637, →OCLC, page 50:",
"text": "For his further ſecuritie he [Don Roderigo] diſarmed his ſubjects; ſuch Caſtles and ſtrengths as hee vvas jealous of vvere raced, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
116,
121
]
],
"ref": "1701, [Jonathan Swift], “[A Discourse of the Contests and Dissensions between the Nobles and the Commons in Athens and Rome, with the Consequences They Had upon Both Those States.] Chapter Of the Dissensions in Athens, between the Few and the Many.”, in Miscellanies in Prose and Verse, London: […] John Morphew […], published 1711, →OCLC, page 29:",
"text": "[…] Lyſander the General of the Lacedemonians, […] novv reduces all the Dominions of the Athenians, takes the City, races their VValls, ruins their VVorks, and changes the Form of their Government; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
50,
54
]
],
"ref": "1774, Francis Grose, “Leeds Castle, Kent”, in The Antiquities of England and Wales, volume II, London: […] S. Hooper, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "[Edward I of England] cauſed Henry Cobham, […] to race the caſtle that Robert de Crevequer had erected, becauſe Crevequer (that vvas the ovvner of it, and heire to Robert) vvas of the number of the nobles that moved and mainteined vvare againſt him; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"To level or tear down (a building, a town, etc.) to the ground; to demolish."
],
"id": "en-race-en-verb-CfNUVDdu",
"links": [
[
"raze",
"raze#English"
],
[
"level",
"level#Verb"
],
[
"tear down",
"tear down"
],
[
"building",
"building#Noun"
],
[
"town",
"town"
],
[
"ground",
"ground#Noun"
],
[
"demolish",
"demolish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"(obsolete)",
"To level or tear down (a building, a town, etc.) to the ground; to demolish."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
140,
144
]
],
"ref": "[1611?], Homer, “The Eleventh Booke of Homers Iliads”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., The Iliads of Homer Prince of Poets. […], London: […] Nathaniell Butter, →OCLC, page 148:",
"text": "[T]he king purſude / And furrovved through the thickned troopes. As vvhen tvvo chaced Bores / Turne head gainſt kennels of bold hounds, and race vvay through their gores: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"To make (a path or way) through something by cutting or tearing."
],
"id": "en-race-en-verb-7PyeHD30",
"links": [
[
"raze",
"raze#English"
],
[
"path",
"path#Noun"
],
[
"way",
"way#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"(obsolete)",
"(rare) To make (a path or way) through something by cutting or tearing."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
83,
87
]
],
"ref": "c. 1528–1541 (date written), Thomas Wyatt, “[Sonnets] Sonnet 31”, in A[gnes] K[ate] Foxwell, editor, The Poems of Sir Thomas Wiat […], volume I, London: Hodder and Stoughton [for the] University of London Press, published 1913, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 43, lines 13–14:",
"text": "The wound alas happe in some other place, / From whence no toole away the skar can race.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
203,
208
]
],
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 26, page 303:",
"text": "Thus there he ſtood, vvhyleſt high ouer his head, / There vvritten vvas the purport of his ſin, / In cyphers ſtrange, that fevv could rightly read, / BON FONS: but bon that once had vvritten bin, / VVas raced out, and Mal vvas novv put in.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
92,
96
]
],
"ref": "c. 1597–1603 (date written), Thomas Heywood, The Fair Maid of the West. Or, A Girle Worth Gold. The First Part. […], London: […] [Miles Flesher] for Richard Royston, […], published 1631, →OCLC, Act III, page 38:",
"text": "Goodl[ack]. My name is Captaine Thomas Good—— / Beſſ[e Bridges]. I can ſee no good in thee, Race that ſyllable / Out of thy name.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"To erase (a record, text, etc.), originally by scraping; to rub out, to scratch out."
],
"id": "en-race-en-verb-j9GUoRhg",
"links": [
[
"raze",
"raze#English"
],
[
"erase",
"erase#Verb"
],
[
"record",
"record#Noun"
],
[
"text",
"text#Noun"
],
[
"rub out",
"rub out"
],
[
"scratch out",
"scratch out"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"(obsolete)",
"(also figurative) To erase (a record, text, etc.), originally by scraping; to rub out, to scratch out."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
51
]
],
"ref": "c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act IIII, scene i:",
"text": "VVithout reſpect of ſex, degree or age. / He raceth all his foes vvith fire and ſvvord.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
47
]
],
"ref": "c. 1588–1593 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The Most Lamentable Romaine Tragedie of Titus Andronicus: […] (First Quarto), London: […] Iohn Danter, and are to be sold by Edward White & Thomas Millington, […], published 1594, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], signature C2, recto:",
"text": "Ile find a day to maſſacre them all, / And race their faction and their familie, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"To completely remove (someone or something), especially from a place, a situation, etc.; also, to remove from existence; to destroy, to obliterate."
],
"id": "en-race-en-verb-68is~NkV",
"links": [
[
"raze",
"raze#English"
],
[
"completely",
"completely"
],
[
"remove",
"remove#Verb"
],
[
"place",
"place#Noun"
],
[
"situation",
"situation#Noun"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"destroy",
"destroy"
],
[
"obliterate",
"obliterate#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"(obsolete)",
"(figurative) To completely remove (someone or something), especially from a place, a situation, etc.; also, to remove from existence; to destroy, to obliterate."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "en:Clothing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Footwear",
"orig": "en:Footwear",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"To make a cut or slash in (an item of clothing or footwear) as a decoration."
],
"id": "en-race-en-verb-eSEwWpgY",
"links": [
[
"raze",
"raze#English"
],
[
"clothing",
"clothing#Noun"
],
[
"footwear",
"footwear"
],
[
"cut",
"cut#Noun"
],
[
"slash",
"slash#Noun"
],
[
"item",
"item#Noun"
],
[
"decoration",
"decoration"
]
],
"qualifier": "footwear",
"raw_glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"(obsolete)",
"(clothing, footwear) To make a cut or slash in (an item of clothing or footwear) as a decoration."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"clothing",
"fashion",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "rās"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹeɪs/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-race.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/En-us-race.ogg/En-us-race.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-us-race.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"word": "race"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wréh₂ds"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *wréh₂ds",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "racen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English racen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aphetic"
},
"expansion": "aphetic",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "aracer"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman aracer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "aracier"
},
"expansion": "Old French aracier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "arracher"
},
"expansion": "French arracher",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ērādīcāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin ērādīcāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "active"
},
"expansion": "active",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wréh₂ds",
"t": "root"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "conjugation"
},
"expansion": "conjugation",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "racer"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman racer",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *wréh₂ds\nFrom Middle English racen, rasen (“to come apart; to pick clean, strip; to pull away, snatch; to pull down, knock down; to pull off, strip off; to pluck or tear out; to tear apart”), either:\n* an aphetic form of arasen, aracen (“to pluck, pull, or tear away or out”), from Anglo-Norman aracer and Old French aracier, esracier, esrachier (“to pull off”) (modern French arracher), from Latin ērādīcāre, the present active infinitive of ērādīcō (“to root out; to annihilate, extirpate”), from ē- (variant of ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + rādīx (“root”) (from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation infinitives of verbs); or\n* from Anglo-Norman racer, an aphetic form of aracer (see above).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "races",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "racing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rase",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
115,
123
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
109,
114
]
],
"english": "[H]e [Merlin] beheld toward the fire, and saw the flesh that the knave had roasted that was though [?] enough, and snatched it off with his hands madly, and rent it asunder in pieces, and wet it in milk, and after in the honey, and ate as a woodman, that nought [was] there left of the flesh; […]",
"ref": "[c. 1450–1460 (date written), “The Dream of the Wife of King Ban; the Dream of Julius Cæsar, Emperor of Rome”, in Henry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor, Merlin or The Early History of King Arthur: A Prose Romance […] (Early English Text Society; 112), volume I (in Middle English), London: [F]or the Early English Text Society by Kegal Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., published 1899, →OCLC, page 424:",
"text": "[H]e be-heilde towarde the fier, and saugh the flesshe that the knaue hadde rosted that was tho I-nough, and raced it of with his hondes madly, and rente it a-sonder in peces, and wette it in mylke, and after in the hony, and ete as a wood man that nought ther lefte of the flessh; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
136,
140
]
],
"ref": "1545, Roger Ascham, “The First Booke”, in Toxophilus, the Schole, or Partitions of Shooting […], [new] edition, London: […] Thomas Marshe, published 1571, →OCLC, folio 30, recto:",
"text": "But nowe a ſtronge man not vſed to ſhoote, at a girde, can heue vp ⁊ plucke in ſunder many a good bowe, as wilde horſes at a brunt doth race and plucke in peeces many a ſtronge carte.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
33,
37
]
],
"ref": "c. 1593 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The Tragedy of King Richard the Third. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Valentine Sims [and Peter Short] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1597, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], signatures G2, recto – G2, verso:",
"text": "Stanley did dreame the boare did race his helme, / But I diſdaind it, and did ſcorne to flie, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
134,
139
]
],
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 11, page 242:",
"text": "He to her lept vvith deadly dreadfull looke, / And her ſunſhynie helmet ſoon vnlaced, / Thinking at once both head and helmet to haue raced.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
101,
105
]
],
"ref": "1602, William Warner, “The Twel[f]th Booke. Chapter LXXIII.”, in Albions England. A Continued Historie of the Same Kingdome, from the Originals of the First Inhabitants thereof: […], 5th edition, London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant for George Potter, […], →OCLC, page 304:",
"text": "Thus erring Rome hath, doth, & vvill our chriſtian VVorld vnqueate: / May therefore Princes ioyne to race that Monſter from his Seate.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pluck or snatch (something); also, to pull (something)."
],
"id": "en-race-en-verb-HGZmNBy7",
"links": [
[
"pluck",
"pluck#Verb"
],
[
"snatch",
"snatch#Verb"
],
[
"pull",
"pull#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To pluck or snatch (something); also, to pull (something)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "rās"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹeɪs/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-race.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/En-us-race.ogg/En-us-race.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-us-race.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"word": "race"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *wréh₂ds",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Breton translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Romanian translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hausa translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Nahuatl translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Taos translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Tok Pisin translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Xhosa translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Gaits",
"en:Racism"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "arms race"
},
{
"word": "caucus race"
},
{
"word": "data race"
},
{
"word": "dog in the race"
},
{
"word": "elephant race"
},
{
"word": "have a dog in the race"
},
{
"word": "headrace"
},
{
"word": "head-race"
},
{
"word": "head race"
},
{
"word": "loudness race"
},
{
"word": "mill-race"
},
{
"word": "nearly never won the race"
},
{
"word": "no horse in that race"
},
{
"word": "no horse in this race"
},
{
"word": "off to the races"
},
{
"word": "one's race is run"
},
{
"word": "pawn race"
},
{
"word": "race against the clock"
},
{
"word": "race against time"
},
{
"word": "racecar"
},
{
"word": "race car"
},
{
"word": "race cloth"
},
{
"word": "race condition"
},
{
"word": "race cycling"
},
{
"word": "raceday"
},
{
"word": "race day"
},
{
"word": "race game"
},
{
"word": "race glass"
},
{
"word": "racegoer"
},
{
"word": "race hazard"
},
{
"word": "race knife"
},
{
"word": "racemate"
},
{
"word": "race meeting"
},
{
"word": "race out of the traps"
},
{
"word": "race queen"
},
{
"word": "race rotation"
},
{
"word": "race to the bottom"
},
{
"word": "race to the top"
},
{
"word": "racetrack"
},
{
"word": "race track"
},
{
"word": "race walk"
},
{
"word": "race-walk"
},
{
"word": "race walker"
},
{
"word": "race walking"
},
{
"word": "racing car"
},
{
"word": "rat-race"
},
{
"word": "rat race"
},
{
"word": "scratch race"
},
{
"word": "slow and steady wins the race"
},
{
"word": "slow but sure wins the race"
},
{
"word": "space race"
},
{
"word": "the race that stops a nation"
},
{
"word": "water race"
},
{
"word": "wheel-race"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "race"
},
"expansion": "Middle English race",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rǣs",
"t": "a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset"
},
"expansion": "Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rās",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rás",
"t": "a running, race"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rás (“a running, race”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rēsō",
"t": "a course"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reh₁s-",
"t": "to flow, rush"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "râs"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German râs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Raas",
"t": "mad rush, rage, fury"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"a strong current\"; whence German Low German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nds-de\">Raas</i> (“mad rush, rage, fury”)"
},
"expansion": "(\"a strong current\"; whence German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”))",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ras",
"t": "a strong whirling current"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ræs"
},
"expansion": "Danish ræs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ras"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ras",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rås"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rås",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English race, partially from Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”), from Proto-West Germanic *rās; and partially from Old Norse rás (“a running, race”); both from Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”). Cognate with Middle Low German râs (\"a strong current\"; whence German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”)), Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”), Danish ræs, Norwegian and Swedish ras, Norwegian rås.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "races",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "race (countable and uncountable, plural races)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "banger race"
},
{
"word": "barrel race"
},
{
"word": "beanbag race"
},
{
"word": "boat race"
},
{
"word": "bracket race"
},
{
"word": "bumps race"
},
{
"word": "circuit race"
},
{
"word": "claiming race"
},
{
"word": "conditions race"
},
{
"word": "Dongola race"
},
{
"word": "drag race"
},
{
"word": "duck race"
},
{
"word": "egg and spoon race"
},
{
"word": "flat race"
},
{
"word": "fleet race"
},
{
"word": "foot race"
},
{
"word": "harness race"
},
{
"word": "horse-race"
},
{
"word": "horse race"
},
{
"word": "match race"
},
{
"word": "motor race"
},
{
"word": "obstacle race"
},
{
"word": "one-horse race"
},
{
"word": "points race"
},
{
"word": "potato race"
},
{
"word": "produce race"
},
{
"word": "race of truth"
},
{
"word": "rag race"
},
{
"word": "relay race"
},
{
"word": "road-race"
},
{
"word": "road race"
},
{
"word": "sack race"
},
{
"word": "stage race"
},
{
"word": "street race"
},
{
"word": "three-legged race"
},
{
"word": "wheelbarrow race"
},
{
"word": "wok race"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
34
]
],
"text": "Several horses ran in a horse race: the first one to reach the finishing post won.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"text": "The race to cure cancer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"text": "The race around the park was won by Johnny, who ran faster than the others.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"text": "We had a race to see who could finish the book the quickest.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
50
]
],
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ecclesiastes 9:11:",
"text": "I returned, and saw vnder the Sunne, That the race is not to the swift, nor the battell to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of vnderstanding, nor yet fauour to men of skil; but time and chance happeneth to them all.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
36
]
],
"ref": "1743, Alexander Pope, The Dunciad, London: M. Cooper, book 2, page 82, lines 58–60:",
"text": "\"Behold that rival here! / \"The race by vigour, not by vaunts is won; / \"So take the hindmost, Hell.\"—He said, and run.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
237,
241
]
],
"ref": "2012 November 2, Ken Belson, “After Days of Pressure, Marathon Is Off”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "After days of intensifying pressure from runners, politicians and the general public to call off the New York City Marathon in the wake of Hurricane Sandy, city officials and the event’s organizers decided Friday afternoon to cancel the race.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A contest between people, animals, vehicles, etc. where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective."
],
"links": [
[
"contest",
"contest"
],
[
"between",
"between"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"vehicle",
"vehicle"
],
[
"goal",
"goal"
],
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"reach",
"reach"
],
[
"objective",
"objective"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
49
]
],
"ref": "1631, Francis [Bacon], “VII. Century. [Experiments Solitary touching the Quicknesse of Motion in Birds.]”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC, page 166:",
"text": "The flight of many birds is swifter than the race of any beasts.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
20
]
],
"ref": "1805, Good, John Mason, transl., The Nature of Things, volume 2, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, translation of De rerum natura by Titus Lucretius Carus, book 4, page 33, lines 190–191:",
"text": "Hence the rapid race / Of light, and lustre from th' effusive sun",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
199,
203
]
],
"ref": "1847 December, “The Literature of Humbug”, in The Young American's Magazine, volume 1, page 318:",
"text": "And above all, it is an age of activity and enterprise, an age of new discoveries and new deviltries, an age of magnetic telegraphs and Mississippi bonds, and it would be indeed odd if, in the swift race of progress, the rogue did not keep his natural station in the van of the movement.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Swift progress; rapid motion; an instance of moving or driving at high speed."
],
"links": [
[
"progress",
"progress"
],
[
"rapid",
"rapid"
],
[
"motion",
"motion"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dash"
},
{
"word": "running"
},
{
"word": "rush"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Computing",
"en:Electronics"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
39
]
],
"ref": "1989, R. Raghuram, Computer Simulation of Electronic Circuits, New Delhi: Wiley Eastern, →ISBN, page 181:",
"text": "Many problems of oscillations and races are solved by this arrangement.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
],
[
268,
272
]
],
"ref": "1999, Max Hailperin, Barbara Kaiser, Karl Knight, “Java, Applets, and Concurrency”, in Concrete Abstractions, Brooks/Cole Publishing, →ISBN, page 622:",
"text": "Because a race by definition depends on the timing being just wrong, you could test your program any number of times, never observe any misbehavior, and still have a user run into the problem.¶ This occurrence is not just a theoretical possibility: Real programs have race bugs and real users have encountered them, sometimes with consequences that have literally been fatal.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
27
],
[
116,
120
]
],
"ref": "2012, Charles P. Pfleeger, Shari Lawrence Pfleeger, Analyzing Computer Security, Prentice Hall, page 79:",
"text": "As the name implies, a race condition means that two processes are competing within the same time interval, and the race affects the integrity or correctness of the computing tasks.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A race condition; a bug or problem that occurs when two or more components attempt to use the same resource at the same time."
],
"links": [
[
"electronics",
"electronics"
],
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"race condition",
"race condition"
],
[
"bug",
"bug"
],
[
"problem",
"problem"
],
[
"component",
"component"
],
[
"resource",
"resource"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(electronics, computing) A race condition; a bug or problem that occurs when two or more components attempt to use the same resource at the same time."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "race condition"
},
{
"word": "race hazard"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"computing",
"electrical-engineering",
"electricity",
"electromagnetism",
"electronics",
"energy",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
6
]
],
"ref": "1603, Ben Jonson, Sejanus His Fall, act 2, scene 2:",
"text": "A race of wicked acts / Shall flow out of my anger, and o’erspread / The world’s wide face[.]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
80,
84
]
],
"ref": "1624, Francis Bacon, “Considerations Touching a War with Spain”, in Basil Montagu, editor, The Works of Francis Bacon, volume 5, William Pickering, published 1826, page 240:",
"text": "An offensive war is made, which is unjust in the aggressor; the prosecution and race of the war carrieth the defendant to invade the ancient patrimony of the first aggressor, who is now turned defendant; shall he sit down, and not put himself in defence?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sequence of events; a progressive movement toward a goal."
],
"links": [
[
"sequence",
"sequence"
],
[
"event",
"event"
],
[
"progressive",
"progressive"
],
[
"movement",
"movement"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "course"
},
{
"word": "procedure"
},
{
"word": "process"
},
{
"word": "train"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sequence",
"word": "array"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sequence",
"word": "chain"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sequence",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "consecution"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sequence",
"word": "sequence"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sequence",
"word": "series"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sequence",
"word": "string"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sequence",
"word": "succession"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sequence",
"word": "train"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"ref": "1893, “Remarks upon the Way from Abingdon to Southamption, and other Places”, in The Manuscripts of His Grace the Duke of Portland, volume 2, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, page 288:",
"text": "Here are in these seas two dangerous races, the one called St. Alban's, the other Portland Race.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
249,
253
]
],
"ref": "1980, Pauline H. Gurewitz, Hydraulic Research in the United States and Canada, 1978, page 120:",
"text": "The existing analysis and program for the propeller-rudder interaction has been updated incorporating all the improvements concerned with the propeller loading distribution, including that associated with the fact that the rudder is immersed in the race of the propeller.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"ref": "2003 December, Jonathan Raban, “Julia and the Whirlpools”, in Cruising World, volume 29, number 12, page 40:",
"text": "This is an area of spectacular tidal races, rips, swirls, boils, whirlpools, overfalls, currents, and countercurrents. Scylla and Charybdis pale by comparison with the great maelstroms where the sea is trapped between Vancouver Island and the Canadian mainland.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fast-moving current of water."
],
"links": [
[
"fast-moving",
"fast-moving"
],
[
"current",
"current"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rip"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
146,
151
],
[
393,
398
]
],
"ref": "1885, James Leal Greenleaf, “Report on the Water-Powers of the Drainage Basins of Lakes Huron and Erie, in the United States”, in Reports on the Water-Power of the United States, Washington: Department of the Interior, part 1, pages 504–505:",
"text": "Evidently the future manufacturing development depends upon the hydraulic canal, so far as existing works are concerned, rather than upon the two races, which can never be enlarged to embrace a comprehensive improvement of the river, while the capabilities at th hydraulic basin are unrivaled. So far as can be learned there is no expectation of ever increasing materially the capacity of the races.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
89,
93
]
],
"ref": "1888, “Water Rights”, in Gold Mining Regulations, 1888, Parliament of South Australia, section 48, page 4:",
"text": "Any miners intending to divert and use water for mining or general purposes, or to cut a race or construct dams or reservoirs in connection therewith, shall give notice in writing thereof to the Warden […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
96,
100
],
[
96,
101
],
[
168,
172
]
],
"ref": "1957 December 16, A. H. Mouat, R. C. Stuart, G. Mason, “Farming in Ida Valley, Central Otago”, in The New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, volume 95, number 6, page 587:",
"text": "Water for irrigation is stored in the high country behind the Upper Manorburn Dam. Two parallel races at different levels run along the west side of the valley and one race flowing along the east side is supplemented by water stored at the Poolburn Dam.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A water channel, especially one built to lead water to or from a point where it is utilised, such as that which powers a millwheel."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "headrace"
},
{
"word": "mill race"
},
{
"word": "wheel-race"
},
{
"word": "tailrace"
}
],
"links": [
[
"channel",
"channel"
],
[
"powers",
"powers"
],
[
"millwheel",
"millwheel"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
],
[
26,
30
]
],
"ref": "1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 40, line 598:",
"text": "My race of glory run, and race of ſhame,",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
238,
242
]
],
"ref": "1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin, volume 2, Boston: John P. Jewett & Company, page 242:",
"text": "There were all the marked passages, which had thrilled his soul so often,—words of patriarchs and seers, poets and sages, who from early time had spoken courage to man,—voices from the great cloud of witnesses who ever surround us in the race of life.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
94,
98
]
],
"ref": "2008, Chad Taylor, The Cry of the Harvest, page 115:",
"text": "Don't let fear be a factor for you as the finish line of harvest calls out to you to join the race of eternity. Clear the table of excuses and go!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A path that something or someone moves along."
],
"links": [
[
"path",
"path"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"along",
"along"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "career"
},
{
"word": "course"
},
{
"word": "progress"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Sewing",
"en:Weaving"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
124,
128
]
],
"ref": "1860, Charles Cole, The Sewing Machine, and its Capabilities, page 53:",
"text": "I have lately seen a shuttle machine of Messrs. Grover Baker's construction, in which the shuttle worked in a semi-circular race and produced two stitches at each revolution of the wheel.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
183,
187
]
],
"ref": "1872 November 29, “Improved Loom for Weaving Fabrics of Any Width”, in The English Mechanic and Word of Science, volume 16, number 401, page 259:",
"text": "Meanwhile another lug on the shuttle-band engages another carrier at the other end of the loom, and the belt, continuing to move in the same direction, conveys the carrier across the race in a similar manner as above described.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A guide or channel that a component of a machine moves along:",
"A groove on a sewing machine or a loom along which the shuttle moves."
],
"links": [
[
"guide",
"guide"
],
[
"component",
"component"
],
[
"machine",
"machine"
],
[
"sewing",
"sewing#Noun"
],
[
"weaving",
"weaving#Noun"
],
[
"groove",
"groove"
],
[
"sewing machine",
"sewing machine"
],
[
"loom",
"loom"
],
[
"shuttle",
"shuttle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A guide or channel that a component of a machine moves along:",
"(sewing, weaving) A groove on a sewing machine or a loom along which the shuttle moves."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "shuttle race"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"sewing",
"textiles",
"weaving"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Engineering"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
91,
95
],
[
198,
202
],
[
198,
203
],
[
319,
323
]
],
"ref": "1965 August 15, Maintenance of Aeronautical Antifriction Bearings, NAVWEPS 01-1A-503, United States Bureau of Naval Weapons, section 2, page 5:",
"text": "These bearings do not employ a loading groove or filling slot but utilize an uninterrupted race groove containing the maximum number of balls that can be introduced by eccentric displacement of the races. Due to the relatively large size of the balls and the fact that the ball curvature is only slightly less than the race curvature, the bearings have comparatively high load carrying capacity in both axial and radial directions.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
39
]
],
"ref": "1999, Steve Goldman, Vibration Spectrum Analysis, 2nd edition, New York: Industrial Press, →ISBN, page 90:",
"text": "The chances of picking up an inner race fault are small unless the load direction of the bearing coincides with the location of the accelerometer.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
59,
63
],
[
74,
78
]
],
"ref": "2017, Tian Ran Lin, Kun Yu, Jiwen Tan, “Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Roller Element Bearing”, in Pranav H. Darji, editor, Bearing Technology, Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, →DOI, →ISBN, page 40:",
"text": "The bearing comprises four mechanical components: an outer race, an inner race, rollers (balls), and a cage that holds the rollers (balls) in place.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A guide or channel that a component of a machine moves along:",
"A ring with a groove in which rolling elements (such as balls) ride, forming part of a rolling-element bearing (for example, a ball bearing)."
],
"links": [
[
"guide",
"guide"
],
[
"component",
"component"
],
[
"machine",
"machine"
],
[
"engineering",
"engineering#Noun"
],
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"bearing",
"bearing"
],
[
"ball bearing",
"ball bearing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A guide or channel that a component of a machine moves along:",
"(engineering) A ring with a groove in which rolling elements (such as balls) ride, forming part of a rolling-element bearing (for example, a ball bearing)."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Gambling"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
174,
179
]
],
"ref": "2022, Kevin Blackwood, Swain Scheps, “Striking the Mother Lode: Keno and Bingo”, in Casino Gambling For Dummies, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons:",
"text": "Your odds are sometimes significantly better with video keno […] But because video keno plays so much faster, you're likely to lose more money over a given period. Live keno races start every 10 minutes, but you can make 100 bets on a video version in the same amount of time.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A keno gambling session."
],
"links": [
[
"gambling",
"gambling#Noun"
],
[
"keno",
"keno"
],
[
"gambling",
"gambling"
],
[
"session",
"session"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(gambling) A keno gambling session."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"gambling",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "rās"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹeɪs/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-race.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/En-us-race.ogg/En-us-race.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-us-race.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "wedren"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "wedloop"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "reisies"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "resies"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "garë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sibāq",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سِبَاق"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "musābaqa",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مُسَابَقَة"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sibāg",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "سِباق"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mrcʻavazkʻ",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "մրցավազք"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carrera"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "yarış"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "müsabiqə"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "yarış",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "ярыш"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "arineketa"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "lasterketa"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hónka",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "го́нка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nadbjágvane",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "надбя́гване"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cursa"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǐsài",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "比賽 /比赛"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jìngsài",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "競賽 /竞赛"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "závod"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "soutěž"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "løb"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wedloop"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "vetkuro"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "võistlus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "kilpailu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "kilpa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "kisa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "course"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carreira"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "rbola",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "რბოლა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rennen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Wettrennen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agónas",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αγώνας"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "drómos",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "δρόμος"
},
{
"code": "ha",
"lang": "Hausa",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "gudùù"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "merots",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מֵרוֹץ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dauṛ",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "दौड़"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "verseny"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corsa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gara"
},
{
"alt": "きょうそう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōsō",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "競走"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rēsu",
"sense": "contest",
"topics": [
"vehicles",
"transport"
],
"word": "レース"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "jarys",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "жарыс"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "bäige",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "бәйге"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "prɑɑnang",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "ប្រណាំង"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaa rŭət prɑɑnang",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "ការរត់ប្រណាំង"
},
{
"alt": "競走",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gyeongju",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "경주"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "jarış",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "жарыш"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cursus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "curriculum"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "sacīkstes"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "lenktynės"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trka",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "трка"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "perlumbaan"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "purei hoiho"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "tauwhāinga"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "uraldaan",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "уралдаан"
},
{
"code": "nah",
"lang": "Nahuatl",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "mimalacatl"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "løp"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "koşu",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "قوشی"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "mosābeqa",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مسابقه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mosâbeqe",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "مسابقه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wyścig"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gonitwa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corrida"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cursă (sportivă)"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gónka",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "го́нка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gónki",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"usually"
],
"word": "го́нки"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rèis"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "тр̏ка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine",
"rare"
],
"word": "гонка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "tȑka"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine",
"rare"
],
"word": "gonka"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "preteky"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "súťaž"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dirka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carrera"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "resi"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kapplöpning"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lopp"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "karera"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "musobiqa",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "мусобиқа"
},
{
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "kwìawíne"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "yarış",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "ярыш"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan-kɛ̀ng-kǎn",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "การแข่งขัน"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "'gran sdur",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "འགྲན་སྡུར"
},
{
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "resis"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "yarış"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "müsabaka"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "ýaryş"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hónka",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "го́нка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perehóny",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "перего́ни"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zabíh",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "забі́г"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "musabiqe",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "مۇسابىقە"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "poyga"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "musobaqa"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "cuộc đua"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "contest",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ras"
},
{
"code": "xh",
"lang": "Xhosa",
"sense": "contest",
"word": "uhlanga"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "eteneminen (+ kohti + partitive)",
"sense": "sequence of events"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "kulku (+ kohti + partitive)",
"sense": "sequence of events"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sequence of events",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "course"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agónas",
"sense": "sequence of events",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αγώνας"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "merots",
"sense": "sequence of events",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מֵרוֹץ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sequence of events",
"word": "verseny"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sequence of events",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rás"
},
{
"alt": "しんこう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shinkō",
"sense": "sequence of events",
"word": "進行"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "sequence of events",
"word": "karerahan"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "sequence of events",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ras"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bǎ́rzej",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бъ́рзей"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"word": "voimakas virta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"word": "koski"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "révma",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ρεύμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"word": "zuhatag"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"word": "zúgó"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caise"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sruth"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"masculine"
],
"word": "raz"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "curent de apă"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "llif"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "fast moving current of water",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cerrynt"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "úlej",
"sense": "a channel for water",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "у́лей"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a channel for water",
"word": "kanava"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a channel for water",
"word": "uoma"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a channel for water",
"word": "csatorna"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "kehä"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "csatorna"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "akna"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "gyűrű"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "futógyűrű"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "láncakna"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "lakatcsatorna"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gránlann"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "sebangsa"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "arʹsny öngö",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "арьсны єнгє"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bieżnia"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ambalare (turație)"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "supraturare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povérxnostʹ kačénija",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "пове́рхность каче́ния"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corredera"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lagerbana"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "bushings of a rolling element",
"word": "karerahan"
}
],
"word": "race"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *wréh₂ds",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Breton translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Romanian translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hausa translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Nahuatl translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Taos translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Tok Pisin translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Xhosa translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Gaits",
"en:Racism"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "race off"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "race"
},
"expansion": "Middle English race",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rǣs",
"t": "a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset"
},
"expansion": "Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rās",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rás",
"t": "a running, race"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rás (“a running, race”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rēsō",
"t": "a course"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reh₁s-",
"t": "to flow, rush"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "râs"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German râs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Raas",
"t": "mad rush, rage, fury"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"a strong current\"; whence German Low German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nds-de\">Raas</i> (“mad rush, rage, fury”)"
},
"expansion": "(\"a strong current\"; whence German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”))",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ras",
"t": "a strong whirling current"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ræs"
},
"expansion": "Danish ræs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ras"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ras",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rås"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rås",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English race, partially from Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”), from Proto-West Germanic *rās; and partially from Old Norse rás (“a running, race”); both from Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”). Cognate with Middle Low German râs (\"a strong current\"; whence German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”)), Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”), Danish ræs, Norwegian and Swedish ras, Norwegian rås.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "races",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "racing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
23
]
],
"text": "The drivers were racing around the track.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
13
],
[
74,
79
]
],
"ref": "1875, “Lichfield Open Meeting”, in John Henry Walsh, editor, Coursing Calendar for the Autumn Season 1874, page 187:",
"text": "Honesty raced up six lengths in front of Wandering Minstrel, turned, then raced past for the second, and lost his place at the hedge; some work followed to the plantation, but Honesty was always the faster in the racing stretches, and won easily.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"ref": "2023 May 10, “Athletics: Dina Asher-Smith set to race at London Stadium in July”, in BBC News:",
"text": "\"I cannot wait to race in front of the amazing home crowd,\" she added.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take part in a race (in the sense of a contest)."
],
"links": [
[
"take part",
"take part"
],
[
"race",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To take part in a race (in the sense of a contest)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
7
]
],
"text": "I raced him to the car, but he was there first, so he got to ride shotgun.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
50
]
],
"ref": "1871 March, “Our Van”, in Baily's Magazine of Sports & Pastimes, volume 21, page 306:",
"text": "[…]a fresh fox popped out of a pit, and they raced him to Cherrington, where hounds were stopped at dark[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
98,
103
]
],
"ref": "1928 November, Paschal N. Strong, “Signals”, in Boys' Life, volume 18, number 11, page 61:",
"text": "He pulled it down and saw Tech's full-back closing in. Counting on his own fresh condition, Jimmy raced him toward the sidelines, and got around him just in time to prevent being forced out. The goal was waiting for him twenty yards away, and to the accompaniment of a deafening shout from the stands he placed the pigskin across the goal line.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To compete against in a race (contest)."
],
"links": [
[
"compete",
"compete"
],
[
"against",
"against"
],
[
"race",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To compete against in a race (contest)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
38,
43
]
],
"text": "As soon as it was time to go home, he raced for the door.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
20
]
],
"text": "Her heart was racing as she peered into the dimly lit room.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"text": "The horse raced past the barn fell.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
40,
46
]
],
"ref": "1988, Lee Mavers, “There She Goes”, in Sixpence None the Richer, performed by Sixpence None the Richer, published 1997:",
"text": "There she goes / There she goes again / Racing through my brain / And I just can't contain / This feeling that remains",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
67
]
],
"ref": "2013 June 21, Chico Harlan, “Japan pockets the subsidy …”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 30:",
"text": "Across Japan, technology companies and private investors are racing to install devices that until recently they had little interest in: solar panels. Massive solar parks are popping up as part of a rapid build-up that one developer likened to an \"explosion.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 66:",
"text": "Racing on, we parallel the M5 doing 95mph, according to the app on my smartphone.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move or drive at high speed; to hurry or speed."
],
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"high",
"high"
],
[
"speed",
"speed#Noun"
],
[
"hurry",
"hurry"
],
[
"speed",
"speed#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To move or drive at high speed; to hurry or speed."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rush"
},
{
"word": "shift"
},
{
"word": "zip"
},
{
"word": "zoom"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"ref": "1891 December, Arthur Conan Doyle, “The Man with the Twisted Lip”, in The Strand:",
"text": "\"My mind is like a racing engine, tearing itself to pieces because it is not connected up with the work for which it was built.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
67,
72
]
],
"ref": "2005 June, James Faucett, “Snowbirds”, in Atlanta Magazine, volume 45, number 2, page 79:",
"text": "He put the transmission into drive and pressed the gas. The engine raced and the motor home rocked, gently, but did not move forward.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To run rapidly when not engaged to a transmission."
],
"links": [
[
"run",
"run"
],
[
"rapidly",
"rapidly"
],
[
"engaged",
"engaged"
],
[
"transmission",
"transmission"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, of a motor) To run rapidly when not engaged to a transmission."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a motor"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "rās"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹeɪs/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-race.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/En-us-race.ogg/En-us-race.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-us-race.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sābaqa",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "سَابَقَ"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sābag",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "سَابَق"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "ötüşmək"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "kemer perzh en ur redadeg"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "kilpailla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "kisailla"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "versenyez"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "lomba"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "berpacu"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "currer"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "correre"
},
{
"alt": "きそう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kisō",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "競う"
},
{
"alt": "きょうそうする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyōsō suru",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "競争する"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "se trka",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "се трка"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "uraldax",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "уралдах"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "ścigać się"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "biegać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "correr"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "dirkati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "correr"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"tags": [
"Puerto-Rico"
],
"topics": [
"automotive",
"vehicles",
"transport"
],
"word": "rolear"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "mbio"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "yarışmak"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to take part in a race",
"word": "rasio"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dviža se bǎrzo",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "движа се бързо"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "phe (phe)"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēichí",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "飛馳 /飞驰"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jíchí",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "疾馳 /疾驰"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "pádit"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "razen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "kuregi"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "vetkuri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "kiitää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "porhaltaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "rynnätä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "syöksyä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "s’élancer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "rasen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "száguld"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "berpacu"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "melaju"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "currer"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "correre"
},
{
"alt": "とっしんする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tosshin suru",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "突進する"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "se trka",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "се трка"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "pędzić"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "biec"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "correr"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mčátʹsja",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "мча́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nestísʹ",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "нести́сь"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"english": "to move",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "dirjati"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"english": "to drive",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "dirkati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "usually a heart does this",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "acelerarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "cars, engines, and cheetahs do this",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "embalarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "carrerear"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "carrucar"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "mbio"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "rasio"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to move or drive at high speed",
"word": "gwibio"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "of a motor, to run rapidly when not engaged to a transmission",
"word": "mbio"
}
],
"word": "race"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *wréh₂ds",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German Low German translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Iban translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sinhalese translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tok Pisin translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Gaits",
"en:Racism"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bronze race"
},
{
"word": "chosen race"
},
{
"word": "critical race theory"
},
{
"word": "cross-race effect"
},
{
"word": "gay race communism"
},
{
"word": "human race"
},
{
"word": "landrace"
},
{
"word": "master race"
},
{
"word": "mixed-race"
},
{
"word": "mixed race"
},
{
"word": "play the race card"
},
{
"word": "proto-race"
},
{
"word": "race-bait"
},
{
"word": "race-baiter"
},
{
"word": "race baiting"
},
{
"word": "race-bending"
},
{
"word": "race-blind"
},
{
"word": "race-blindness"
},
{
"word": "race card"
},
{
"word": "race detractor"
},
{
"word": "race feeling"
},
{
"word": "race-fellow"
},
{
"word": "race film"
},
{
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"text": "Felovves, they ſhall never more us vvithſtonde, / For I ſe them all drovvned in the raſe of Irlonde.",
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"text": "His opinion is founded on the alleged fact that there are scarely any drunkards in the wine-producing regions, where people drink wine with their food as freely as we do tea or coffee. \"Give us what good wine we need,\" says the professor, \"and the temperance crusade will be wellnigh ended when the present race of drunkards have passed away.",
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"text": "Tali: My father is responsible for the lives of seventeen million people—our entire race is in his hands. And I'm his only child.",
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"text": "Two races are certainly valid. The Atlantic race (P. v. vitulina) is distinguishable from the Pacific race (P. v. richardi Gray, 1864) by skull characters.",
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"text": "Tree races develop not only in different latitudes, but also at different altitudes and within mountainous regions. Since climate changes markedly with altitude as well as latitude, both kinds of development are included in the term climatic races. In addition, soil or site races may develop in areas similar climatically but characterized by different soil or site conditions.",
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],
"ref": "1875, Augustus C. L. Arnold, The Living World, volume 1, Boston: Samuel Walker & Co, page 88:",
"text": "Great St. Bernard Dog—This race is nearly allied to the Newfoundland Dog in form, stature, hair, and colors; but the head and ears are like that of a Water Spaniel.",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics; often an informal infraspecific rank in taxonomy, below species:",
"A breed or strain of domesticated animal."
],
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"organism",
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"ref": "1977 March 24, “Why is cereal fungus so resistant?”, in New Scientist, volume 73, number 1044, page 697:",
"text": "Now Mary MacDonald of the Plant Breeding Institute at Maris Lane, Cambridge, has made an interesting study which has duplicated the conditions under which new races arise. And she has produced at least one new fungal race.",
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"ref": "2018 December, Anna Kolobaeva, Olga Kotik, “Technological Approaches to Cider Quality”, in Advances in Engineering Research, volume 151, Atlantis Press, →DOI:",
"text": "The type of microorganisms is a very important factor influencing the quality of cider. Yeast of various producers and races result in different taste and flavor.",
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}
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"A group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics; often an informal infraspecific rank in taxonomy, below species:",
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"A group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics; often an informal infraspecific rank in taxonomy, below species:",
"(mycology, bacteriology) A strain of microorganism, fungi, etc."
],
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{
"word": "kind"
},
{
"word": "strain"
},
{
"word": "variety"
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{
"word": "pathotype"
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{
"word": "pathovar"
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"bacteriology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"mycology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
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"ref": "1555, Peter Martyr of Angleria [i.e., Peter Martyr d’Anghiera], “The Nynth Booke of the Seconde Decade, of the Supposed Continent”, in Rycharde Eden [i.e., Richard Eden], transl., The Decades of the Newe Worlde or West India, […], London: […] [Rycharde Jug for] Guilhelmi Powell, →OCLC, 2nd decade, folio 83, recto:",
"text": "[I]nnumerable popingayes of ſundry kindes are found chattering in the groues of thoſe fenny places. […] For in the raſe of this large lande, Colonus [Christopher Columbus] him ſelfe brought and ſent to the courte a greate number of euery kynde, the which it was lawfull for all the people to beholde, and are yet dayly browght in like manner.",
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"A group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics; often an informal infraspecific rank in taxonomy, below species"
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[
"informal",
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"rank",
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"raw_glosses": [
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],
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{
"word": "kind"
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{
"word": "strain"
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{
"word": "variety"
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{
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"ref": "1783 November 20, Samuel Johnson, “From the Letters of Dr. Samuel Johnson”, in Vicesimus Knox, editor, Elegant Epistles, Dublin: Messrs H. Chamberlaine and Rice, published 1790, section 3, letter 79, Dr. Johnson to Mrs. Thrale, page 785:",
"text": "You do not tell me her diſeaſe; and perhaps have not been able yourself fully to underſtand it. I hope it is not of the cephalic race.",
"type": "quote"
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "1786, Robert Burns, Address to the Haggis:",
"text": "Fair fa' your honest, sonsie face, / Great chieftain o the puddin'-race!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "1887 March, Anna Barrows, “Rhubarb Pies”, in The Cottage Hearth, volume 13, number 3, page 69:",
"text": "Who does not like rhubarb pies? Not sour, soggy articles, such as have brought reproach upon the whole race of pies, but sweet, juicy pies, with light, flaky crust, a compound that has no rival.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A category or kind of thing distinguished by common characteristics."
],
"links": [
[
"category",
"category"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A category or kind of thing distinguished by common characteristics."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "class"
},
{
"word": "type"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "category"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "class"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "division"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "family"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "genre"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "ilk"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "kind"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "likes"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "race"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "rubric"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "set"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "sort"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:class",
"word": "type"
}
],
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"broadly",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
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{
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30,
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],
"ref": "c. 1625, Philip Massinger, A New Way to Pay Old Debts, act 1, scene 3:",
"text": "Is it [the wine] of the right race?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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131,
135
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],
"ref": "1827, Christian Isobel Johnstone, “A Country Sunday Evening”, in Elizabeth de Bruce, volume 1, New York: W. Blackwood, page 130:",
"text": "On the day following Elizabeth's interview with Gideon, this innocent relish—the olives which gave zest, or the walnuts which gave race and richness, to Monkshaugh's moderate hebdomadal glass of old claret—was not forgotten.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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],
"ref": "1875, Sebastian Evans, “The Eve of Morte Arthur”, in In the Studio, London: Macmillan & Co, pages 164–165:",
"text": "So sang the poet in his pride of place, / And Arthur bade the pages plenish well / The cups of all the kings with wine of race, / Osaye or Algarde, Rhenish or Rochell, / Vernage of Venice, Rhodes or Famagust, / Sweet Malvoisie or Cretan Muscadel,—",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Peculiar flavour, taste, or strength, as of wine; that quality, or assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin or kind, as in wine; hence, characteristic flavour."
],
"links": [
[
"flavour",
"flavour"
],
[
"taste",
"taste"
],
[
"strength",
"strength"
],
[
"wine",
"wine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Peculiar flavour, taste, or strength, as of wine; that quality, or assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin or kind, as in wine; hence, characteristic flavour."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "typicity"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
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},
{
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"English terms with quotations"
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"ref": "c. 1603–1604, William Shakespeare, Measure for Measure, act 2, scene 4:",
"text": "And now I give my sensual race the rein.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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],
"ref": "1685, Sir William Temple, Upon the Gardens of Epicurus; or, Of Gardening:",
"text": "[…]some great race of fancy or judgment in the contrivance[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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],
"ref": "1807, Alexander Fraser Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee, Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Honourable Henry Home of Kames, volume 1, book 2, chapter 1, Edinburgh: William Creech, page 181:",
"text": "His conversation, too, had a race and flavour peculiarly its own: it was nervous, sententious, and tinctured with genuine wit.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Characteristic quality or disposition."
],
"links": [
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Characteristic quality or disposition."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "attribute"
},
{
"word": "idiosyncrasy"
},
{
"word": "quirk"
},
{
"word": "trait"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "characteristic"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "designation"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "distinction"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "distinctiveness"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "feature"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "trait"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "property"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "attribute"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "hallmark"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "quality"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "parameter"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "race"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "touch"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:characteristic",
"word": "whatness"
}
],
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"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
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"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
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"ref": "1658, Edward Topsell, “Of the horse”, in The History of Four-Footed Beasts and Serpents, page 234:",
"text": "It behooveth therefore that the Mares appointed for race, be well compacted, of a decent quality, being fair and beautiful to look upon, the belly and loins being great, in age not under three nor above ten years old.",
"type": "quote"
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{
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"ref": "1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, book 7:",
"text": "Male he created thee, but thy consort / Femal for Race; then bless’d Mankinde, and said, / Be fruitful, multiplie, and fill the Earth[.]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The sexual activity of conceiving and bearing biological offspring."
],
"links": [
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"conceiving",
"conceiving"
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[
"bearing",
"bearing"
],
[
"offspring",
"offspring"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The sexual activity of conceiving and bearing biological offspring."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "breeding"
},
{
"word": "procreation"
},
{
"word": "progenation"
},
{
"word": "propagation"
},
{
"word": "reproduction"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
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]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
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"ref": "1609, Ben Jonson, Epicœne, or The Silent Woman, act 3, scene 2:",
"text": "Yes, madam, believe it, she is a gentlewoman of very absolute behaviour, and of a good race.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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],
"ref": "1785, Nathaniel William Wraxall, “Henry the Second”, in The History of France Under the Kings of the Race of Valois, 2nd edition, volume 2, London: C. Dilly, pages 52–53:",
"text": "Wars of religion, more sanguinary, cruel, and ruinous than even those of Henry the fifth and Edward the third, rise in succession under the three last princes of the race of Valois.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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],
"ref": "1844 January–December, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, “My Pedigree and Family.—Undergo the Influence of the Tender Passion.”, in “The Memoirs of Barry Lyndon, Esq. [The Luck of Barry Lyndon.]”, in Miscellanies: Prose and Verse, volume III, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1856, →OCLC:",
"text": "That very estate which the Lyndons now possess in Ireland was once the property of my race.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ancestry, lineage."
],
"links": [
[
"Ancestry",
"ancestry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, uncountable) Ancestry, lineage."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "extraction"
},
{
"word": "family"
},
{
"word": "house"
},
{
"word": "line"
},
{
"word": "pedigree"
},
{
"word": "stirp"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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103,
108
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"ref": "1738 [1728], Ephraim Chambers, “Race”, in Cyclopaedia: Or, An Universal Dictionary Of Arts and Sciences, 2nd edition, London: D. Midwinter:",
"text": "In ſeveral orders of knighthood, as in that of Malta, &c. the candidates muſt prove a nobility of four races or deſcents.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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],
"ref": "1838, Abraham Lincoln, Young Men's Lyceum address:",
"text": "We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them—they are a legacy bequeathed us, by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed race of ancestors.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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101,
105
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],
"ref": "1870, Charles Dickens, “The Nun's House”, in The Mystery of Edwin Drood:",
"text": "Perhaps this is the reason why it is an article of faith with the servants, handed down from race to race, that the departed Tisher was a hairdresser.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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],
"ref": "1929 December, Johnny Burke, “No Short Skirts To Their Knees”, in Burke's Popular Songs, St. John's, Newfoundland: Long Brothers:",
"text": "For the old stock is fast dying out, Jennie, / And a young race is taking their place, / In our grandmothers' day they had sense, Jennie, / No powder or paints on their face.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A step in a lineage or succession; a generation."
],
"links": [
[
"lineage",
"lineage"
],
[
"succession",
"succession"
],
[
"generation",
"generation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A step in a lineage or succession; a generation."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "age group"
},
{
"word": "cohort"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "c. 1606–1607, William Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra, act 3, scene 13:",
"text": "Have I my pillow left unpressed in Rome, / Forborne the getting of a lawful race, / And by a gem of women, to be abused / By one that looks on feeders?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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290,
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],
"ref": "1737, Richard Glover, Leonidas, book 2, Baltimore: Neal, Wills & Cole, published 1814, page 35:",
"text": "The good man besought him. Let the king / Propitious hear a parent. In thy train / I have five sons. Ah! leave my eldest born, / Thy future vassal, to sustain my age!' / The tyrant fell reply'd. 'Presumptuous man, / Who art my slave, in this tremendous war, / Is not my person hazarded, my race, / My consort?[']",
"type": "quote"
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "1842, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “Locksley Hall”, in Poems, volume 2, London: Edward Moxon, page 109:",
"text": "There the passions cramp’d no longer shall have scope and breathing-space; / I will take some savage woman, she shall rear my dusky race. / Iron-jointed, supple-sinew’d, they shall dive, and they shall run, / Catch the wild goat by the hair, and hurl their lances in the sun[.]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Progeny, offspring, descendants."
],
"links": [
[
"Progeny",
"progeny"
],
[
"offspring",
"offspring"
],
[
"descendant",
"descendant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, uncountable) Progeny, offspring, descendants."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "get"
},
{
"word": "issue"
},
{
"word": "seed"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "rās"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹeɪs/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-race.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/En-us-race.ogg/En-us-race.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/En-us-race.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "ras"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "afkomst"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "rotu"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raza"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fylí",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φυλή"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "lāhui"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "rassz"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "ras"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "razza"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rasa",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "раса"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "raça"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ras"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a group of sentient beings distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hil"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "racë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕirq",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عِرْق"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "azg",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ազգ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "cʻeġ",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ցեղ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raza"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "irq"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "arraza"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rása",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́са"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rása",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́са"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "lu-myui:",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "လူမျိုး"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "wamsa.",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ဝံသ"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "rása",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́са"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "種 /种"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhǒngzú",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "種族 /种族"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ras"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afkomst"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "raso"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "rass"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "rotu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raze"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raza"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "rasa",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "რასა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rasse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Geschlecht"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "knōþs",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fylí",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φυλή"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "lāhui"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "géza'",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גֶּזַע"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "zéra'",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "זֶרַע"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "vañś",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "वंश"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jāti",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "जाति"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nasla",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "नस्ल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "zāt",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ज़ात"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "birādrī",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "बिरादरी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jinas",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "जिनस"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jins",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "जिंस"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kul",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कुल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bans",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "बंस"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "faj"
},
{
"code": "iba",
"lang": "Iban",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "bansa"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ras"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cine"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "razza"
},
{
"alt": "じんしゅ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jinshu",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "人種"
},
{
"alt": "しゅぞく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shuzoku",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "種族"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "näsıl",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "нәсіл"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ciət",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ជាតិ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "vŭəng",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "វង្ស"
},
{
"alt": "人種",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "injong",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "인종"
},
{
"alt": "種族",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jongjok",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "종족"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "regez",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ڕەگەز"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "rasa",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "раса"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sư̄a sāt",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ເຊື້ອຊາດ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sāt",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ຊາດ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "genus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gens"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rase"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasė"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Raaß"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rooß"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rasa",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "раса"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "bangsa"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ras"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "arʹstan",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "арьстан"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rase"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rase"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cynn"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cnōsl"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "soy",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "صوی"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "nesl",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "نسل"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "nežãd",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نژاد"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "nežâd",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "نژاد"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linhagem"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "neam"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rása",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́са"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "vaṃśa",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "वंश"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра̏са"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "rȁsa"
},
{
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "janawarga",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ජනවර්ග"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raza"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ras"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "lahi"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "nažod",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "нажод"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "chʉ́ʉa-châat",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "เชื้อชาติ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "châat",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ชาติ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ırk"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rása",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́са"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "nasla",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "نسل"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "irq",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "ئىرق"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "irq"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"word": "chủng tộc"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hil"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕirq",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عِرْق"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ṙasa",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "ռասա"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rása",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́са"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rása",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́са"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "lu-myui:",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "လူမျိုး"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhǒngzú",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "種族 /种族"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "ras"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "rotu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raza"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "knōþs",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐌺𐌽𐍉𐌸𐍃"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fylí",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φυλή"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "génos",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γένος"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "lāhui"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "rassz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "fajta"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kynþáttur"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cine"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "razza"
},
{
"alt": "じんしゅ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jinshu",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "人種"
},
{
"alt": "人種",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "injong",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "인종"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "regez",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "ڕەگەز"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rasa",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "раса"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "arʹstan",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "арьстан"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rase"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rase"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "soy",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "صوی"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "nesl",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "نسل"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "nežâd",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"word": "نژاد"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rása",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́са"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ras"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rása",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ра́са"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of physical characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hil"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "soort"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "geneá",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "γενεά"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "geniá",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
],
"word": "γενιά"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "fajta"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "típus"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "csoport"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"word": "kategória"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "üülder",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "үүлдэр"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "categoria"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poroda",
"sense": "a group of organisms distinguished by common characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "порода"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"word": "rotu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rasse"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "kuni",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌹"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fylí",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φυλή"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "génos",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γένος"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"word": "lāhui"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"word": "rassz"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Raaß"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rooß"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rasa",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "раса"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "subespécie"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ras"
},
{
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"word": "resis"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hil"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poróda",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поро́да"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"word": "ras"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"word": "rotu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raza"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rasse"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "rátsa",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ράτσα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"word": "fajta"
},
{
"alt": "ひんしゅ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hinshu",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"word": "品種"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "suga"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "veislė"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Raaß"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rooß"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rasa",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "раса"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"word": "baka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poroda",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "порода"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"word": "nòi"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a breed or strain of domesticated animal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brid"
}
],
"word": "race"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *wréh₂ds",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German Low German translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Iban translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sinhalese translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tok Pisin translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Gaits",
"en:Racism"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "race"
},
"expansion": "Middle French race",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "razza"
},
"expansion": "Italian razza",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "kinde",
"3": "",
"4": "kind, type, sort, race, nature"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kinde (“kind, type, sort, race, nature”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kind"
},
"expansion": "English kind",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "theories"
},
"expansion": "theories",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raitō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raitō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "reiza",
"t": "line"
},
"expansion": "Old High German reiza (“line”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ríta",
"t": "to score, log, outline"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse ríta (“to score, log, outline”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lng",
"3": "*raiza",
"t": "line"
},
"expansion": "Lombardic *raiza (“line”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "linea sanguinis",
"t": "bloodline of descent"
},
"expansion": "Latin linea sanguinis (“bloodline of descent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "raza"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish raza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "رَأْس",
"t": "head"
},
"expansion": "Arabic رَأْس (raʔs, “head”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "razza"
},
"expansion": "Italian razza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "generatio"
},
"expansion": "Latin generatio",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "haraz",
"t": "troop of horses"
},
"expansion": "Old French haraz (“troop of horses”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "haras",
"t": "breeding farm for horses; stud farm"
},
"expansion": "French haras (“breeding farm for horses; stud farm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hárr",
"t": "grey-haired; hoary"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hárr (“grey-haired; hoary”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*radia"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *radia",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1560s, via Middle French race from Italian razza (early 14th century), of uncertain origin. Partially displaced native Middle English kinde (“kind, type, sort, race, nature”), whence English kind.\ntheories\n* Diez and some other scholars suggest derivation from Proto-Germanic *raitō (whence Old High German reiza (“line”) and Old Norse ríta (“to score, log, outline”)), perhaps via Lombardic *raiza (“line”), which Körting notes is a literal rendering of Latin linea sanguinis (“bloodline of descent”). Anatoly Liberman says \"the semantic fit is good\" but the chronology falters; he says the Germanic word went out of use before the Italian word arose, and he says the intermediary is not attested.\n* Some scholars suggest derivation from Old Spanish raza, rasa, from earlier ras, res (“head of cattle”), from Arabic رَأْس (raʔs, “head”), but Italian razza predates the Spanish word according to Diez and Meyer-Lübke.\n* Meyer-Lübke suggested Latin generatio as the root; Körting says \"the disappearance of two initial syllables hardly seems credible\", but Meyer-Lübke notes the Venetian form narazza and the Old Bellunesian form naraccia, positing that after the first syllable ge- was lost, the remaining (una) narazza came to be reanalysed as una razza.\n* Gianfranco Contini suggests the Italian word comes from Old French haraz (“troop of horses”), whence Modern French haras (“breeding farm for horses; stud farm”), from Old Norse hárr (“grey-haired; hoary”). Liberman considers this derivation the most likely.\n* Other suggested Latin etyma:\n** radius (perhaps via Vulgar Latin *radia) (per Baist).\n** radix (“root”) (per Ulrich); Liberman says \"the semantic match is excellent\", and race (“rhizome of ginger”) (which definitely derives from radix) shows that the phonology is plausible.\n** *raptiare (“breed falcons”) (per Körting).\n** The nominative of ratio (perhaps via an unattested intermediate form *razzo), as opposed to ragione which derives from the accusative rationem.\n* Other implausible suggestions include Slavic raz and Basque arraca, supposedly meaning \"stud animal\" (Basque arrazza, \"race\", derives from Spanish).",
"forms": [
{
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},
{
"form": "racing",
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},
{
"form": "raced",
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},
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}
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],
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"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
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"ref": "1996, Philosophical Studies in Education, page 151:",
"text": "To be raced as black in the U.S. translates symbolically into being considered inferior to whites, lazy, immoral, boisterous, violent, and sexually promiscuous.",
"type": "quote"
},
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"ref": "2006, Athena D. Mutua, Progressive Black Masculinities?, Routledge, →ISBN, page 30:",
"text": "From this perspective, the project of progressive blackness entails the edification of black people and the elimination of all forms of domination that limit this edification for all those raced as black.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "2008, George Yancy, Black Bodies, White Gazes: The Continuing Significance of Race, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 46:",
"text": "By avoiding being raced as white, whites are able to maintain the illusion that they have always been individuals, that they have always accomplished their achievements through merit alone.",
"type": "quote"
},
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "2020 March 24, Sophie Lewis, “The coronavirus crisis shows it's time to abolish the family”, in opendemocracy.net:",
"text": "[T]he private family qua mode of social reproduction still, frankly, sucks. It genders, nationalizes and races us. It norms us for productive work.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To assign a race to; to perceive as having a (usually specified) race."
],
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"assign",
"assign"
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]
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"ref": "1738 [1728], Ephraim Chambers, “Race”, in Cyclopaedia: Or, An Universal Dictionary Of Arts and Sciences, 2nd edition, London: D. Midwinter:",
"text": "D'Hervieux obſerves that it is uſual to put the female canary bird to the male goldfinch, linnet, or the like, to breed; but for his part, he ſhould chuſe to put the male canary-bird to the female goldfinch, linnet, &c. becauſe the male uſually races more than the female, i. e. the young ones take more after the male than after the female.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pass down certain phenotypic traits to offspring."
],
"links": [
[
"phenotypic",
"phenotypic"
],
[
"offspring",
"offspring"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To pass down certain phenotypic traits to offspring."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "come true"
},
{
"word": "breed true"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "rās"
},
{
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"tags": [
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},
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"audio": "En-us-race.ogg",
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{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
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],
"word": "race"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with translation boxes",
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"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Gaits",
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"derived": [
{
"word": "race ginger"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
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{
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"4": "",
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{
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Mid 16th century. From Middle French raïz, raiz, rais (“root”), from Latin radix (“root”), from Proto-Italic *wrādīks, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "races",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"ref": "1610, William Shakespeare, The Winter's Tale, act IV, scene III, line 45:",
"text": "I must have saffron to color the warden pies; mace; dates, none—that's out of my note; nutmegs, seven; a race or two of ginger, but that I may beg; four pounds of prunes, and as many of raisins o' th' sun.",
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"ref": "1777, Edward Terry, A Voyage to East-India, page 62:",
"text": "They have onions and garlick, and some herbs and small roots for sallads; and in the southernmoft parts, ginger growing almost in every place; the large races whereof are there very excellently well preserved, as we may know by our tasting them in England.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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"ref": "1842, Gibbons Merle, The Domestic Dictionary and Housekeeper's Manual, page 433:",
"text": "On the third day after this second boiling, pour all the syrup into a pan, put the races of ginger with it, and boil it up until the syrup adheres to the spoon.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rhizome or root, especially of ginger."
],
"links": [
[
"rhizome",
"rhizome"
],
[
"root",
"root"
],
[
"ginger",
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]
}
],
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{
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},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "rhizome",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arrel"
},
{
"code": "el",
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"sense": "rhizome",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ρίζα"
},
{
"alt": "ちかけい",
"code": "ja",
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"word": "地下茎"
},
{
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"tags": [
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"masculine"
],
"word": "gwreiddyn"
}
],
"word": "race"
}
{
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{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "raced"
},
{
"word": "race knife"
},
{
"english": "grasscutting implement",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "racer"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "racing"
},
{
"english": "to cut, scratch, or tear, especially deeply",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ranch"
},
{
"english": "to hack, slash, or slice (something); to scrape or scratch (something)",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "rash"
},
{
"english": "alternative spelling of unrazed",
"word": "unraced"
}
],
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
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],
"etymology_text": "A variant of raze.",
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"singular",
"third-person"
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{
"form": "racing",
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},
{
"form": "raced",
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]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "glossary",
"source": "conjugation",
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"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "race",
"source": "conjugation",
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]
},
{
"form": "race",
"source": "conjugation",
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"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "race",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "racest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"present",
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"singular"
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},
{
"form": "raced",
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},
{
"form": "racedst",
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"past",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "races",
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"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raceth",
"source": "conjugation",
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"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
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]
},
{
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},
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},
{
"form": "race",
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},
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},
{
"form": "race",
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"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past"
]
},
{
"form": "racing",
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},
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}
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To sharpen (a grindstone) by scraping its surface."
],
"links": [
[
"sharpen",
"sharpen"
],
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"grindstone",
"grindstone"
],
[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) To sharpen (a grindstone) by scraping its surface."
],
"tags": [
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"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations",
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"ref": "1545, Roger Ascham, “The Seconde Booke”, in Toxophilus, the Schole, or Partitions of Shooting […], [new] edition, London: […] Thomas Marshe, published 1571, →OCLC, folio 38, recto:",
"text": "Buckles and agglettes at vnwares, ſhall race his bowe, a thinge both euill for the fight, ⁊ perillous for freatinge.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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144
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"ref": "1607, Gervase Markham, “Of Paine in the Teeth, and of the Woolfes”, in Cauelarice, or The English Horseman: […], London: […] [Edward Allde and W[illiam] Jaggard] for Edward White, […], →OCLC, 7th book, page 54:",
"text": "Paine in a horſſes teeth commeth either from pride and corruption of blood, or els from cold rhums, […] the cure is, vvith a ſharp knife to race him alongſt his gummes, cloſe vnder his teeth, both of the inſide and outſide: and then to rubbe them all ouer, either vvith pepper & ſalt vvel mingled together, or vvith claret vvine and pepper heated vpon the fire, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
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"ref": "1678 January 11 – February 11 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Moxon, “Numb[er] II. Applied to the Making of Hinges, Locks, Keys, Screws and Nuts Small and Great. Of Locks and Keys.”, in Mechanick Exercises, or The Doctrine of Handy-Works, […], volume I, London: […] Joseph Moxon, published 1683, →OCLC, page 19:",
"text": "Then File one edge very ſtraight by laying a ſtraight Ruler juſt vvithin the edge of it, and dravving or raceing vvith a point of hardned Steel a bright line by the ſide of the Ruler: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"To cut, scratch, or tear (someone or something) with a sharp object; to lacerate, to slash; specifically (nautical), to make marks on (something, such as a piece of wood) using a race knife."
],
"links": [
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"raze",
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"make",
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[
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[
"piece",
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[
"wood",
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[
"using",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"race knife",
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],
"qualifier": "southwest England",
"raw_glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"(southwest England) To cut, scratch, or tear (someone or something) with a sharp object; to lacerate, to slash; specifically (nautical), to make marks on (something, such as a piece of wood) using a race knife."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
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"ref": "1530 July 28 (Gregorian calendar), Iohan Palsgraue [i.e., John Palsgrave], “The Table of Verbes”, in Lesclarcissement de la langue francoyse⸝ […], [London]: […] [Richard Pynson] fynnysshed by Iohan Haukyns, →OCLC, 3rd boke, folio cccxxxii, recto, column 1; reprinted Geneva: Slatkine Reprints, October 1972, →OCLC:",
"text": "This indenture is raced all the worlde may ſe it: Ceſte indenture eſt faulcée tout le monde le peult veoyr.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Thomas Nash[e], The Tragedie of Dido Queene of Carthage: […], London: […] Widdowe Orwin, for Thomas Woodcocke, […], →OCLC, Act III, signature A3, recto:",
"text": "But I vvill take another order novv, / And race th'eternall Regiſter of time: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"To alter (a document) by erasing parts of it."
],
"links": [
[
"raze",
"raze#English"
],
[
"alter",
"alter#Verb"
],
[
"document",
"document#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"(obsolete)",
"To alter (a document) by erasing parts of it."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
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"ref": "a. 1619 (date written), Walter Raleigh, The Life and Death of Mahomet, the Conquest of Spaine together with the Rysing and Ruine of the Sarazen Empire, London: […] R[alph] H[odgkinson] for Daniel Frere, […], published 1637, →OCLC, page 50:",
"text": "For his further ſecuritie he [Don Roderigo] diſarmed his ſubjects; ſuch Caſtles and ſtrengths as hee vvas jealous of vvere raced, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
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"ref": "1701, [Jonathan Swift], “[A Discourse of the Contests and Dissensions between the Nobles and the Commons in Athens and Rome, with the Consequences They Had upon Both Those States.] Chapter Of the Dissensions in Athens, between the Few and the Many.”, in Miscellanies in Prose and Verse, London: […] John Morphew […], published 1711, →OCLC, page 29:",
"text": "[…] Lyſander the General of the Lacedemonians, […] novv reduces all the Dominions of the Athenians, takes the City, races their VValls, ruins their VVorks, and changes the Form of their Government; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
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54
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"ref": "1774, Francis Grose, “Leeds Castle, Kent”, in The Antiquities of England and Wales, volume II, London: […] S. Hooper, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "[Edward I of England] cauſed Henry Cobham, […] to race the caſtle that Robert de Crevequer had erected, becauſe Crevequer (that vvas the ovvner of it, and heire to Robert) vvas of the number of the nobles that moved and mainteined vvare againſt him; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"To level or tear down (a building, a town, etc.) to the ground; to demolish."
],
"links": [
[
"raze",
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],
[
"level",
"level#Verb"
],
[
"tear down",
"tear down"
],
[
"building",
"building#Noun"
],
[
"town",
"town"
],
[
"ground",
"ground#Noun"
],
[
"demolish",
"demolish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"(obsolete)",
"To level or tear down (a building, a town, etc.) to the ground; to demolish."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
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"ref": "[1611?], Homer, “The Eleventh Booke of Homers Iliads”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., The Iliads of Homer Prince of Poets. […], London: […] Nathaniell Butter, →OCLC, page 148:",
"text": "[T]he king purſude / And furrovved through the thickned troopes. As vvhen tvvo chaced Bores / Turne head gainſt kennels of bold hounds, and race vvay through their gores: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"To make (a path or way) through something by cutting or tearing."
],
"links": [
[
"raze",
"raze#English"
],
[
"path",
"path#Noun"
],
[
"way",
"way#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"(obsolete)",
"(rare) To make (a path or way) through something by cutting or tearing."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"examples": [
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"ref": "c. 1528–1541 (date written), Thomas Wyatt, “[Sonnets] Sonnet 31”, in A[gnes] K[ate] Foxwell, editor, The Poems of Sir Thomas Wiat […], volume I, London: Hodder and Stoughton [for the] University of London Press, published 1913, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 43, lines 13–14:",
"text": "The wound alas happe in some other place, / From whence no toole away the skar can race.",
"type": "quote"
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208
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"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 26, page 303:",
"text": "Thus there he ſtood, vvhyleſt high ouer his head, / There vvritten vvas the purport of his ſin, / In cyphers ſtrange, that fevv could rightly read, / BON FONS: but bon that once had vvritten bin, / VVas raced out, and Mal vvas novv put in.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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92,
96
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"ref": "c. 1597–1603 (date written), Thomas Heywood, The Fair Maid of the West. Or, A Girle Worth Gold. The First Part. […], London: […] [Miles Flesher] for Richard Royston, […], published 1631, →OCLC, Act III, page 38:",
"text": "Goodl[ack]. My name is Captaine Thomas Good—— / Beſſ[e Bridges]. I can ſee no good in thee, Race that ſyllable / Out of thy name.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"To erase (a record, text, etc.), originally by scraping; to rub out, to scratch out."
],
"links": [
[
"raze",
"raze#English"
],
[
"erase",
"erase#Verb"
],
[
"record",
"record#Noun"
],
[
"text",
"text#Noun"
],
[
"rub out",
"rub out"
],
[
"scratch out",
"scratch out"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"(obsolete)",
"(also figurative) To erase (a record, text, etc.), originally by scraping; to rub out, to scratch out."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"obsolete",
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]
},
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"ref": "c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act IIII, scene i:",
"text": "VVithout reſpect of ſex, degree or age. / He raceth all his foes vvith fire and ſvvord.",
"type": "quote"
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{
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"ref": "c. 1588–1593 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The Most Lamentable Romaine Tragedie of Titus Andronicus: […] (First Quarto), London: […] Iohn Danter, and are to be sold by Edward White & Thomas Millington, […], published 1594, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], signature C2, recto:",
"text": "Ile find a day to maſſacre them all, / And race their faction and their familie, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"To completely remove (someone or something), especially from a place, a situation, etc.; also, to remove from existence; to destroy, to obliterate."
],
"links": [
[
"raze",
"raze#English"
],
[
"completely",
"completely"
],
[
"remove",
"remove#Verb"
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[
"place",
"place#Noun"
],
[
"situation",
"situation#Noun"
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[
"existence",
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[
"destroy",
"destroy"
],
[
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],
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"Alternative spelling of raze",
"(obsolete)",
"(figurative) To completely remove (someone or something), especially from a place, a situation, etc.; also, to remove from existence; to destroy, to obliterate."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"en:Clothing",
"en:Footwear"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of raze",
"To make a cut or slash in (an item of clothing or footwear) as a decoration."
],
"links": [
[
"raze",
"raze#English"
],
[
"clothing",
"clothing#Noun"
],
[
"footwear",
"footwear"
],
[
"cut",
"cut#Noun"
],
[
"slash",
"slash#Noun"
],
[
"item",
"item#Noun"
],
[
"decoration",
"decoration"
]
],
"qualifier": "footwear",
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"Alternative spelling of raze",
"(obsolete)",
"(clothing, footwear) To make a cut or slash in (an item of clothing or footwear) as a decoration."
],
"tags": [
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"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"clothing",
"fashion",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
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{
"enpr": "rās"
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{
"ipa": "/ɹeɪs/",
"tags": [
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"Received-Pronunciation"
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},
{
"audio": "En-us-race.ogg",
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{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"word": "race"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English terms inherited from Middle English",
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"etymology_number": 5,
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"name": "PIE word"
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{
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"expansion": "Middle English racen",
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},
{
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{
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"name": "der"
},
{
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"2": "fro",
"3": "aracier"
},
"expansion": "Old French aracier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "arracher"
},
"expansion": "French arracher",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ērādīcāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin ērādīcāre",
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},
{
"args": {
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"name": "glossary"
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{
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"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
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"name": "glossary"
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{
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},
{
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wréh₂ds",
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{
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{
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},
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{
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{
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"2": "xno",
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},
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],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *wréh₂ds\nFrom Middle English racen, rasen (“to come apart; to pick clean, strip; to pull away, snatch; to pull down, knock down; to pull off, strip off; to pluck or tear out; to tear apart”), either:\n* an aphetic form of arasen, aracen (“to pluck, pull, or tear away or out”), from Anglo-Norman aracer and Old French aracier, esracier, esrachier (“to pull off”) (modern French arracher), from Latin ērādīcāre, the present active infinitive of ērādīcō (“to root out; to annihilate, extirpate”), from ē- (variant of ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + rādīx (“root”) (from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation infinitives of verbs); or\n* from Anglo-Norman racer, an aphetic form of aracer (see above).",
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"third-person"
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},
{
"form": "racing",
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"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raced",
"tags": [
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"past"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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},
{
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]
}
],
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"categories": [
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],
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"english": "[H]e [Merlin] beheld toward the fire, and saw the flesh that the knave had roasted that was though [?] enough, and snatched it off with his hands madly, and rent it asunder in pieces, and wet it in milk, and after in the honey, and ate as a woodman, that nought [was] there left of the flesh; […]",
"ref": "[c. 1450–1460 (date written), “The Dream of the Wife of King Ban; the Dream of Julius Cæsar, Emperor of Rome”, in Henry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor, Merlin or The Early History of King Arthur: A Prose Romance […] (Early English Text Society; 112), volume I (in Middle English), London: [F]or the Early English Text Society by Kegal Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., published 1899, →OCLC, page 424:",
"text": "[H]e be-heilde towarde the fier, and saugh the flesshe that the knaue hadde rosted that was tho I-nough, and raced it of with his hondes madly, and rente it a-sonder in peces, and wette it in mylke, and after in the hony, and ete as a wood man that nought ther lefte of the flessh; […]",
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"ref": "1545, Roger Ascham, “The First Booke”, in Toxophilus, the Schole, or Partitions of Shooting […], [new] edition, London: […] Thomas Marshe, published 1571, →OCLC, folio 30, recto:",
"text": "But nowe a ſtronge man not vſed to ſhoote, at a girde, can heue vp ⁊ plucke in ſunder many a good bowe, as wilde horſes at a brunt doth race and plucke in peeces many a ſtronge carte.",
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"ref": "c. 1593 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The Tragedy of King Richard the Third. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Valentine Sims [and Peter Short] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1597, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], signatures G2, recto – G2, verso:",
"text": "Stanley did dreame the boare did race his helme, / But I diſdaind it, and did ſcorne to flie, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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134,
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"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 11, page 242:",
"text": "He to her lept vvith deadly dreadfull looke, / And her ſunſhynie helmet ſoon vnlaced, / Thinking at once both head and helmet to haue raced.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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101,
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],
"ref": "1602, William Warner, “The Twel[f]th Booke. Chapter LXXIII.”, in Albions England. A Continued Historie of the Same Kingdome, from the Originals of the First Inhabitants thereof: […], 5th edition, London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant for George Potter, […], →OCLC, page 304:",
"text": "Thus erring Rome hath, doth, & vvill our chriſtian VVorld vnqueate: / May therefore Princes ioyne to race that Monſter from his Seate.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pluck or snatch (something); also, to pull (something)."
],
"links": [
[
"pluck",
"pluck#Verb"
],
[
"snatch",
"snatch#Verb"
],
[
"pull",
"pull#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To pluck or snatch (something); also, to pull (something)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"enpr": "rās"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹeɪs/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"word": "race"
}
Download raw JSONL data for race meaning in English (172.2kB)
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"msg": "race/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag German-Low-German not in or uppercase_tags",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "race",
"trace": ""
}
{
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}
{
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"trace": ""
}
{
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}
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{
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{
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}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.