See strain in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for strain meaning in English (69.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Andromeda strain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Delta strain"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*strew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "streen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English streen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "strene"
},
"expansion": "strene",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "streon"
},
"expansion": "streon",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "istreon",
"3": "",
"4": "race, stock, generation"
},
"expansion": "istreon (“race, stock, generation”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "strēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English strēon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġestrēon",
"3": "",
"4": "gain, wealth"
},
"expansion": "ġestrēon (“gain, wealth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*streuną",
"4": "",
"5": "heap, treasure, profit, gain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *streuną (“heap, treasure, profit, gain”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*strew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to spread, strew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *strew- (“to spread, strew”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gistriuni"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gistriuni",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gistriuni",
"3": "",
"4": "gain, property, wealth, business"
},
"expansion": "Old High German gistriuni (“gain, property, wealth, business”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "strues",
"3": "",
"4": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Latin strues (“heap”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "strend"
},
"expansion": "strend",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "strynd"
},
"expansion": "strynd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "strund"
},
"expansion": "strund",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "strȳnd",
"4": "",
"5": "race; stock"
},
"expansion": "Old English strȳnd (“race; stock”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "strēonan"
},
"expansion": "strēonan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "strȳnan",
"3": "",
"4": "to beget; acquire"
},
"expansion": "strȳnan (“to beget; acquire”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "struinen",
"3": "",
"4": "to prowl, root about, rout"
},
"expansion": "Dutch struinen (“to prowl, root about, rout”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English streen, strene, streon, istreon (“race, stock, generation”), from Old English strēon, ġestrēon (“gain, wealth”), from Proto-Germanic *streuną (“heap, treasure, profit, gain”), from Proto-Indo-European *strew- (“to spread, strew”) (cognate with Old Saxon gistriuni, Old High German gistriuni (“gain, property, wealth, business”), Latin strues (“heap”)). Confused in Middle English with the related noun strend, strynd, strund, from Old English strȳnd (“race; stock”), from strēonan, strȳnan (“to beget; acquire”). Related also to Dutch struinen (“to prowl, root about, rout”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "strain (plural strains)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strew"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Race; lineage, pedigree."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-noun-KiOYg1Mb",
"links": [
[
"Race",
"race"
],
[
"lineage",
"lineage"
],
[
"pedigree",
"pedigree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Race; lineage, pedigree."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sulāla",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سُلَالَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "be",
"english": "animals",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "paróda",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "паро́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "be",
"english": "plants; sort",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сорт"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "be",
"english": "viruses, microorganism",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "štam",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штам"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vid",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вид"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poroda",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "порода"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bloedlijn"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of plants",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "lajike"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of virii/bacteria",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "kanta"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of people",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "sukujuuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "suku"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "fr",
"english": "animals",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "fr",
"english": "plants",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "variété"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raze"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ǯiši",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "ჯიში"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saxeoba",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "სახეობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saxesxvaoba",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "სახესხვაობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sorte"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rasse"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Abstammung"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Geschlecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "razza"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "varietà"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lignaggio"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceppo"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discendenza"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ştamm",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "штамм"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "varietat"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "soy",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "صوی"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "nesl",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "نسل"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "سویه"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "szczep"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "linhagem"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"english": "animals",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poróda",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поро́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"english": "plants; sort",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сорт"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"english": "viruses, microorganism",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štamm",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штамм"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "razza"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "varità"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lignaggiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cippu"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discinnenza"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "es",
"english": "virus",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cepa"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "linaje"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "uk",
"english": "animals",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "poróda",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поро́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "uk",
"english": "plants; sort",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сорт"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 1 2 1 0 2 0",
"code": "uk",
"english": "viruses, microorganism",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "štam",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штам"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "They say this year's flu virus is a particularly virulent strain.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2009 August 4, Lawrence K. Altman, “New Strain of H.I.V. Is Discovered”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "European scientists have discovered a new strain of the virus that causes AIDS and linked it to gorillas, creating a mystery about when and how the first patient found to have the strain became infected.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A particular variety of a microbe, virus, or other organism, usually a taxonomically infraspecific one."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-noun-Xc~dog~0",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"microbe",
"microbe"
],
[
"virus",
"virus"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"infraspecific",
"infraspecific"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A particular variety of a microbe, virus, or other organism, usually a taxonomically infraspecific one."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"english": "viruses, microorganism",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "štam",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "щам"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "soca"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhū",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "株"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "kanta (microbe)"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"english": "dog etc.",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "rotu"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"english": "plant",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "lajike"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "souche"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šṭami",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "შტამი"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Erregerstamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Züchtung"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sorte"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rasse"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Form"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Linie"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceppo"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "prɑɑpheit",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "ប្រភេទ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stamme"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cepa"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "varietat"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "for things",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "odmiana"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "for bacteria",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "szczep"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "for animals",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "cepa"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "estirpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tulpină"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poróda",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поро́да"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"english": "viruses, microorganism",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štamm",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штамм"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cippu"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sev (microbe)"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "cepa"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "variedad"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 8 9 4 0 1 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stam"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There is a strain of madness in her family.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1694, John Tillotson, The Advantages of Religion to Societies",
"text": "Intemperance and lust breed diseases, which being propogated, spoil the strain of a nation.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hereditary character, quality, tendency, or disposition."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-noun-BbSW-XT8",
"links": [
[
"Hereditary",
"hereditary"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"tendency",
"tendency"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Hereditary character, quality, tendency, or disposition."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "propensity"
},
{
"word": "proneness"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nasledstvena čerta",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "наследствена черта"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"word": "perintö"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"word": "taipumus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hérédité"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Veranlagung"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Disposition"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Charakterzug"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zug"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Tendenz"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hang"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "disposizione"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "predisposizione"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"word": "carattere ereditario"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ereditarietà"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tendenza"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tendens"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hang"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anlegg"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "disposisjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"word": "feição"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "natura"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caràttiri riditariu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "riditarità"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 4 78 10 2 0 4 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trazas"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "en:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Poetry",
"orig": "en:Poetry",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Literature",
"Culture",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1846, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “P.'s Correspondence”, in Mosses from an Old Manse",
"text": "Yet Keats, though for so many years he has given nothing to the world, is understood to have devoted himself to the composition of an epic poem. Some passages of it have been communicated to the inner circle of his admirers, and impressed them as the loftiest strains that have been audible on earth since Milton’s days.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any sustained note or movement; a song; a distinct portion of an ode or other poem; also, the pervading note, or burden, of a song, poem, etc."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-noun-r3sB0iJU",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"poetry",
"poetry"
],
[
"movement",
"movement"
],
[
"song",
"song"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music, poetry) Any sustained note or movement; a song; a distinct portion of an ode or other poem; also, the pervading note, or burden, of a song, poem, etc."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "theme"
},
{
"word": "motive"
},
{
"word": "manner"
},
{
"word": "style"
}
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"entertainment",
"journalism",
"lifestyle",
"literature",
"media",
"music",
"poetry",
"publishing",
"writing"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 5 12 66 11 2 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "napev",
"sense": "music, poetry: movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "напев"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 12 66 11 2 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "music, poetry: movement",
"word": "taipumus"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 12 66 11 2 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "music, poetry: movement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Weise"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 12 66 11 2 1 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "music, poetry: movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ábhann"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 12 66 11 2 1 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "music, poetry: movement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "manera"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 12 66 11 2 1 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "music, poetry: movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mutivu"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 12 66 11 2 1 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "music, poetry: movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stili"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 12 66 11 2 1 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "music, poetry: movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tema"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 7 7 12 0 1 0 5 3 1 7 0 1 7 2 10 2 5 7 1 1 0 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Language that is eloquent, poetic, or otherwise heightened."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-noun-zcltMSdw"
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A kind or sort (of person etc.)."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-noun-yr~BxvMT",
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"sort",
"sort"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A kind or sort (of person etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"word": "tyyppi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Art"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Form"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Typ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "soy",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"word": "صوی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gèniri"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "speci"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sorta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tipu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clase"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tipo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "sort"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Treasure."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-noun-r5E2vZvY",
"links": [
[
"Treasure",
"treasure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Treasure."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The blood-vessel in the yolk of an egg."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-noun-92SL7eD0",
"links": [
[
"yolk",
"yolk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The blood-vessel in the yolk of an egg."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɹeɪn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-strain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-strain.ogg/En-us-strain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/En-us-strain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"strain"
],
"word": "strain"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strain a point"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strain at a gnat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strain courtesy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strainer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strain every nerve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strain the potatoes"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*streyg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "straynen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English straynen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "streinen"
},
"expansion": "streinen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "streynen"
},
"expansion": "streynen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estreindre"
},
"expansion": "Old French estreindre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "étreindre",
"t": "to grip"
},
"expansion": "French étreindre (“to grip”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "stringō",
"t": "to draw tight together, to tie"
},
"expansion": "Latin stringō (“to draw tight together, to tie”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English straynen, streinen, streynen, from Old French estreindre (whence French étreindre (“to grip”)), from Latin stringō (“to draw tight together, to tie”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strains",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "strained",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strained",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "strain (third-person singular simple present strains, present participle straining, simple past and past participle strained)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1859, Ferna Vale, Natalie; or, A Gem Among the Sea-Weeds",
"text": "\"Farewell!\"—the mother strained her child to her heart again, and again put her from her, to embrace her more closely.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hold tightly, to clasp."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-verb-~ng8woDE",
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"clasp",
"clasp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To hold tightly, to clasp."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to strain a rope; to strain the shrouds of a ship",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Relations between the United States and Guatemala traditionally have been close, although at times strained by human rights and civil/military issues.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To apply a force or forces to by stretching out."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-verb-DCsNq8ON",
"links": [
[
"apply",
"apply"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To apply a force or forces to by stretching out."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opǎvam",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "опъвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obtjagam",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "обтягам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "belaste"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "trække"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "trykke"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "forceren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "rasittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "kuormittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "beanspruchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "belasten"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "anstrengen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "anspannen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "strapazieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "freang"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "tendere"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "tirare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "forzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "bistrattare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "danggida",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "당기다"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "riaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "whakawhēnanau"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"english": "whilst giving birth",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "whakatoutou"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "strekke"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "belaste"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tanjidan",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "تنجیدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naprjagátʹ",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "напряга́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 59 6 3 1 3 2 2 19 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naprjáčʹ",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "напря́чь"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The gale strained the timbers of the ship.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To damage by drawing, stretching, or the exertion of force."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-verb-I9i9gnoZ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To damage by drawing, stretching, or the exertion of force."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 4 8 6 9 0 1 0 6 3 1 8 0 1 8 3 11 3 7 7 1 1 0 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To act upon, in any way, so as to cause change of form or volume, as when bending a beam."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-verb-3vakTlWy",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To act upon, in any way, so as to cause change of form or volume, as when bending a beam."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Sitting in back, I strained to hear the speaker.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To exert or struggle (to do something), especially to stretch (one's senses, faculties etc.) beyond what is normal or comfortable."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-verb-PgiI764J",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"exert",
"exert"
],
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
],
[
"stretch",
"stretch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To exert or struggle (to do something), especially to stretch (one's senses, faculties etc.) beyond what is normal or comfortable."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to strain the law in order to convict an accused person",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1724, “Drapier's Letters”, in 4, Jonathan Swift",
"text": "There can be no other meaning in this expression, however some may pretend to strain it.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stretch beyond its proper limit; to do violence to, in terms of intent or meaning."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-verb-rZCgdP3g",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To stretch beyond its proper limit; to do violence to, in terms of intent or meaning."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2017 November 14, Matthew Kenney, PLANTLAB, Simon and Schuster",
"text": "Strain the noodles and rinse with fresh water until it runs clear. The noodles should be soft, but not mushy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To separate solid from liquid by passing through a strainer or colander."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-verb-2M7uRL2b",
"links": [
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
],
[
"passing",
"passing"
],
[
"strainer",
"strainer"
],
[
"colander",
"colander"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To separate solid from liquid by passing through a strainer or colander."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "stricor"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "colar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "höźöw",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "һөҙөү"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "preceždam",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "прецеждам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "colar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "kanvsolvsdiha",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "ᎧᏅᏐᎸᏍᏗᎭ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "過濾"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòlǜ",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "过滤"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "濾"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lǜ",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "滤"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "cedit"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "si"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "scheiden"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "afscheiden"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "zeven"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "filtri"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "siivilöidä"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "coar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "escoar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "escorrer"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "decorrer"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "durchsieben"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "filtern"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "sieben"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "abscheiden"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "seihen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "abseihen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "passieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "souróno",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "σουρώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "strangízo",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "στραγγίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "szűr"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "síothlaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "scag"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "colare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "passare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "scolare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "drenare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "filtrare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "setacciare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "percolare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"alt": "こす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kosu",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "濾す"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "georeuda",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "거르다"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "percolō"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "saccō"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "tātari"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "êputher"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "sile"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "colar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "süzmek",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "سوزمك"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâf kardan",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "صاف کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâšive kardan",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "ماشیوه کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "coar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "suysuy"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "strecura"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ceditʹ",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "цедить"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "procedítʹ",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "процеди́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "procéživatʹ",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "проце́живать"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "sìolaidh"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "colar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "tamizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "sila"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "salain"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "süzmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "procídžuvaty",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "проці́джувати"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "procidýty",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "проціди́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "cidýty",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ціди́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "cołar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 5 2 3 74 4 2 1 2",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "colar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "water straining through a sandy soil",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To percolate; to be filtered."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-verb-u78DZ-Xx",
"links": [
[
"percolate",
"percolate"
],
[
"filter",
"filter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To percolate; to be filtered."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make uneasy or unnatural; to produce with apparent effort; to force; to constrain."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-verb-RU~IsxwA",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make uneasy or unnatural; to produce with apparent effort; to force; to constrain."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to strain a petition or invitation",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To urge with importunity; to press."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-verb-~PWPlyVW",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To urge with importunity; to press."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To hug somebody; to hold somebody tightly."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-verb-BLU992Im",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To hug somebody; to hold somebody tightly."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɹeɪn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-strain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-strain.ogg/En-us-strain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/En-us-strain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "raztjagam",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "разтягам"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "overstrække"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "overstrekken"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "venäyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "étirer"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "überdehnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "überbeanspruchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "überstrecken"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "überstrapazieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "überspannen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "sníomh"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "slogare"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "stravolgere"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "distorcere"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "protrudere"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of muscles",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "tanuku"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"english": "refers to childbirth",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "whakatoutou"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "whakawhēnanau"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "distender"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastjágivatʹ",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "растя́гивать"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastjanútʹ",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "растяну́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 8 10 28 27 7 3 3 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "elongar"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"strain"
],
"word": "strain"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "breaking strain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "eyestrain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "multistrain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "oblique strain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "repetitive strain injury"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strain burst"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strain energy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strain gauge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strain hardening"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strain insulator"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strain rate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strain relief"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tensile strain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "transannular strain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "van der Waals strain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yield strain"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "straidhn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: straidhn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: straidhn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*streyg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "straynen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English straynen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "streinen"
},
"expansion": "streinen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "streynen"
},
"expansion": "streynen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estreindre"
},
"expansion": "Old French estreindre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "étreindre",
"t": "to grip"
},
"expansion": "French étreindre (“to grip”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "stringō",
"t": "to draw tight together, to tie"
},
"expansion": "Latin stringō (“to draw tight together, to tie”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English straynen, streinen, streynen, from Old French estreindre (whence French étreindre (“to grip”)), from Latin stringō (“to draw tight together, to tie”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "strain (countable and uncountable, plural strains)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stress"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strict"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stringent"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 September-October, Michael Sivak, “Will AC Put a Chill on the Global Energy Supply?”, in American Scientist",
"text": "Nevertheless, it is clear that the global energy demand for air-conditioning will grow substantially as nations become more affluent,[…]. This trend will put additional strain not only on global energy resources but also on the environmental prospects of a warming planet.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1832, Charles Stewart Drewry (A.M.I.C.E.), A memoir on suspension bridges, page 183",
"text": "If the Menai Bridge, for instance, were loaded at that rate, the entire strain on the main chains would be about 2000 tons ; while the chains containing 260 square inches of iron would bear, at 9 tons per square inch, 2340 tons, without stretching ..."
},
{
"ref": "2004, Sanjay Shrivastava, Medical Device Materials: Proceedings from the Materials & Processes for Medical Devices Conference 2003, 8-10 September 2003, Anaheim, California, ASM International, page 176",
"text": "Therefore, the goal of this study is to assess the influence of strain on the corrosion resistance of passivated Nitinol and stainless steel implant materials. Materials and Methods Nitinol (50.8%at. Ni) wire (NDC, Fremont, CA) and 316L stainless ...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of straining, or the state of being strained."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-noun-2rc4W97e",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opǎvane",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "опъване"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "raztjagane",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"word": "разтягане"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"word": "pressió"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"word": "tensió"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"word": "pres"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"word": "rasitus"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tension"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pression"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Belastung"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spannung"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Inanspruchnahme"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Beanspruchung"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dehnung"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stress"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Strapaze"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Anspannung"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Druck"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tēnsiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naprjažénije",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "напряже́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tensión"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 5 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"word": "press"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "he jumped up with a strain",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "the strain upon the sailboat's rigging",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A violent effort; an excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-noun-99~gdF3o",
"links": [
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
"muscle",
"muscle"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 70 21 5 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "naprjagane",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "напрягане"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 70 21 5 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"word": "estrebada"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 70 21 5 0",
"code": "fi",
"english": "violent effort",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"word": "ponnistus"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 70 21 5 0",
"code": "fi",
"english": "tension",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"word": "jännitys"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 70 21 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kraftaufwand"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 70 21 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Anspannung"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 70 21 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Anstrengung"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 70 21 5 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esperfòrç"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 70 21 5 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"word": "distensão"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 70 21 5 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tirón"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Peter Corris, Torn Apart, Allen and Unwin, page 162",
"text": "They used steroids to build strength but, more importantly, to recover from strains, pulls, dislocations.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 April 11, Phil McNulty, “Liverpool 3-0 Man City”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "Dirk Kuyt sandwiched a goal in between Carroll's double as City endured a night of total misery, with captain Carlos Tevez limping off early on with a hamstring strain that puts a serious question mark over his participation in Saturday's FA Cup semi-final against Manchester United at Wembley.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An injury resulting from violent effort; a sprain."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-noun-LI2Ha7jg",
"links": [
[
"sprain",
"sprain"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 24 74 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razteženie",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "разтежение"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 24 74 1 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"word": "estrebada"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 24 74 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"word": "venähdys"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 24 74 1 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "élongation"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 24 74 1 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "claquage"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 24 74 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Überdehnung"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 24 74 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verdehnung"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 24 74 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Krampf"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 24 74 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Überanstrengung"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 24 74 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verrenkung"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 24 74 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Zerrung"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 24 74 1 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"word": "contusão"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 24 74 1 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tirón"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Engineering",
"orig": "en:Engineering",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1950 March, H. A. Vallance, “On Foot Across the Forth Bridge”, in Railway Magazine, page 149",
"text": "Detailed records are kept of the strains imposed on the bridge by the violent gales that frequently sweep the firth, and a self-recording wind gauge is fixed on the top of the tower.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dimensionless measure of object deformation either referring to engineering strain or true strain."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-noun-zIBcswCW",
"links": [
[
"engineering",
"engineering#Noun"
],
[
"dimensionless",
"dimensionless"
],
[
"deformation",
"deformation"
],
[
"engineering strain",
"engineering strain"
],
[
"true strain",
"true strain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, engineering) A dimensionless measure of object deformation either referring to engineering strain or true strain."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 88 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "deformacija",
"sense": "engineering: measure of object deformation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "деформация"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 88 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "engineering: measure of object deformation",
"word": "venymä"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 88 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "engineering: measure of object deformation",
"word": "venyminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 88 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "engineering: measure of object deformation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "déformation"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 88 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "engineering: measure of object deformation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verformung"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 88 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "engineering: measure of object deformation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dehnung"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 88 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "engineering: measure of object deformation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Deformation"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 88 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "engineering: measure of object deformation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "straidhn"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, Kupperman, published 1988, page 145",
"text": "When they have shot a Deere by land, they follow him like bloud-hounds by the bloud, and straine, and oftentimes so take them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The track of a deer."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-noun-1obifUb7",
"links": [
[
"track",
"track"
],
[
"deer",
"deer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The track of a deer."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 1 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "track of a deer",
"word": "hirven jälki"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɹeɪn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-strain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-strain.ogg/En-us-strain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/En-us-strain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"strain"
],
"word": "strain"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "strenen",
"t": "to beget, father, procreate"
},
"expansion": "Middle English strenen (“to beget, father, procreate”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "strēonan"
},
"expansion": "Old English strēonan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "strīenan"
},
"expansion": "strīenan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "strȳnan",
"t": "to beget, generate, gain, acquire"
},
"expansion": "strȳnan (“to beget, generate, gain, acquire”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*striunijaną",
"t": "to furnish, decorate, acquire"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *striunijaną (“to furnish, decorate, acquire”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English strenen (“to beget, father, procreate”), from Old English strēonan, strīenan, strȳnan (“to beget, generate, gain, acquire”), from Proto-Germanic *striunijaną (“to furnish, decorate, acquire”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strains",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "strained",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strained",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "strain (third-person singular simple present strains, present participle straining, simple past and past participle strained)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 7 7 12 0 1 0 5 3 1 7 0 1 7 2 10 2 5 7 1 1 0 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A man straineth, liveth, then dieth.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Man, look at that cat straining that kitty.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To beget, generate (of light), engender, copulate (both of animals and humans), lie with, be born, come into the world."
],
"id": "en-strain-en-verb-XM7vumB8",
"links": [
[
"beget",
"beget"
],
[
"generate",
"generate"
],
[
"engender",
"engender"
],
[
"copulate",
"copulate"
],
[
"lie with",
"lie with"
],
[
"born",
"born"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"world",
"world"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To beget, generate (of light), engender, copulate (both of animals and humans), lie with, be born, come into the world."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɹeɪn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-strain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-strain.ogg/En-us-strain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/En-us-strain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"strain"
],
"word": "strain"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English control verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *strew-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Andromeda strain"
},
{
"word": "Delta strain"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*strew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "streen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English streen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "strene"
},
"expansion": "strene",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "streon"
},
"expansion": "streon",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "istreon",
"3": "",
"4": "race, stock, generation"
},
"expansion": "istreon (“race, stock, generation”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "strēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English strēon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġestrēon",
"3": "",
"4": "gain, wealth"
},
"expansion": "ġestrēon (“gain, wealth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*streuną",
"4": "",
"5": "heap, treasure, profit, gain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *streuną (“heap, treasure, profit, gain”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*strew-",
"4": "",
"5": "to spread, strew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *strew- (“to spread, strew”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gistriuni"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gistriuni",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gistriuni",
"3": "",
"4": "gain, property, wealth, business"
},
"expansion": "Old High German gistriuni (“gain, property, wealth, business”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "strues",
"3": "",
"4": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Latin strues (“heap”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "strend"
},
"expansion": "strend",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "strynd"
},
"expansion": "strynd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "strund"
},
"expansion": "strund",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "strȳnd",
"4": "",
"5": "race; stock"
},
"expansion": "Old English strȳnd (“race; stock”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "strēonan"
},
"expansion": "strēonan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "strȳnan",
"3": "",
"4": "to beget; acquire"
},
"expansion": "strȳnan (“to beget; acquire”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "struinen",
"3": "",
"4": "to prowl, root about, rout"
},
"expansion": "Dutch struinen (“to prowl, root about, rout”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English streen, strene, streon, istreon (“race, stock, generation”), from Old English strēon, ġestrēon (“gain, wealth”), from Proto-Germanic *streuną (“heap, treasure, profit, gain”), from Proto-Indo-European *strew- (“to spread, strew”) (cognate with Old Saxon gistriuni, Old High German gistriuni (“gain, property, wealth, business”), Latin strues (“heap”)). Confused in Middle English with the related noun strend, strynd, strund, from Old English strȳnd (“race; stock”), from strēonan, strȳnan (“to beget; acquire”). Related also to Dutch struinen (“to prowl, root about, rout”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "strain (plural strains)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "strew"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Race; lineage, pedigree."
],
"links": [
[
"Race",
"race"
],
[
"lineage",
"lineage"
],
[
"pedigree",
"pedigree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Race; lineage, pedigree."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Biology"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "They say this year's flu virus is a particularly virulent strain.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2009 August 4, Lawrence K. Altman, “New Strain of H.I.V. Is Discovered”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "European scientists have discovered a new strain of the virus that causes AIDS and linked it to gorillas, creating a mystery about when and how the first patient found to have the strain became infected.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A particular variety of a microbe, virus, or other organism, usually a taxonomically infraspecific one."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"microbe",
"microbe"
],
[
"virus",
"virus"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"infraspecific",
"infraspecific"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A particular variety of a microbe, virus, or other organism, usually a taxonomically infraspecific one."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There is a strain of madness in her family.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1694, John Tillotson, The Advantages of Religion to Societies",
"text": "Intemperance and lust breed diseases, which being propogated, spoil the strain of a nation.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hereditary character, quality, tendency, or disposition."
],
"links": [
[
"Hereditary",
"hereditary"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"tendency",
"tendency"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Hereditary character, quality, tendency, or disposition."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "propensity"
},
{
"word": "proneness"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Music",
"en:Poetry"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1846, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “P.'s Correspondence”, in Mosses from an Old Manse",
"text": "Yet Keats, though for so many years he has given nothing to the world, is understood to have devoted himself to the composition of an epic poem. Some passages of it have been communicated to the inner circle of his admirers, and impressed them as the loftiest strains that have been audible on earth since Milton’s days.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any sustained note or movement; a song; a distinct portion of an ode or other poem; also, the pervading note, or burden, of a song, poem, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"poetry",
"poetry"
],
[
"movement",
"movement"
],
[
"song",
"song"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music, poetry) Any sustained note or movement; a song; a distinct portion of an ode or other poem; also, the pervading note, or burden, of a song, poem, etc."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "theme"
},
{
"word": "motive"
},
{
"word": "manner"
},
{
"word": "style"
}
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"entertainment",
"journalism",
"lifestyle",
"literature",
"media",
"music",
"poetry",
"publishing",
"writing"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Language that is eloquent, poetic, or otherwise heightened."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A kind or sort (of person etc.)."
],
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"sort",
"sort"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A kind or sort (of person etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Treasure."
],
"links": [
[
"Treasure",
"treasure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Treasure."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The blood-vessel in the yolk of an egg."
],
"links": [
[
"yolk",
"yolk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The blood-vessel in the yolk of an egg."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɹeɪn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-strain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-strain.ogg/En-us-strain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/En-us-strain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sulāla",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سُلَالَة"
},
{
"code": "be",
"english": "animals",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "paróda",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "паро́да"
},
{
"code": "be",
"english": "plants; sort",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сорт"
},
{
"code": "be",
"english": "viruses, microorganism",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "štam",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vid",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вид"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poroda",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "порода"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bloedlijn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of plants",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "lajike"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of virii/bacteria",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "kanta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of people",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "sukujuuri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "suku"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"english": "animals",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"english": "plants",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "variété"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raze"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ǯiši",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "ჯიში"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saxeoba",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "სახეობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saxesxvaoba",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "სახესხვაობა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sorte"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rasse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Abstammung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Geschlecht"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "razza"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "varietà"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lignaggio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceppo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discendenza"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ştamm",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "штамм"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "varietat"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "soy",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "صوی"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "nesl",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "نسل"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "سویه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "szczep"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"word": "linhagem"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "animals",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poróda",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поро́да"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "plants; sort",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сорт"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "viruses, microorganism",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štamm",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штамм"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "razza"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "varità"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lignaggiu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cippu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "discinnenza"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "virus",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cepa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "linaje"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"english": "animals",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "poróda",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поро́да"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"english": "plants; sort",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сорт"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"english": "viruses, microorganism",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "štam",
"sense": "race, lineage, pedigree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"english": "viruses, microorganism",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "štam",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "щам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "soca"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhū",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "株"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kmen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "kanta (microbe)"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "dog etc.",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "rotu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "plant",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "lajike"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "race"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "souche"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šṭami",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "შტამი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stamm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Erregerstamm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Züchtung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sorte"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rasse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Form"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Linie"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ceppo"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "prɑɑpheit",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "ប្រភេទ"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stamme"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raça"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cepa"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "varietat"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "for things",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "odmiana"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "for bacteria",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "szczep"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"note": "for animals",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rasa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "cepa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "estirpe"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tulpină"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rod",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "род"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poróda",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поро́да"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "viruses, microorganism",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štamm",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "штамм"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cippu"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sev (microbe)"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "cepa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"word": "variedad"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "particular variety of microbe, organism etc.",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stam"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nasledstvena čerta",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "наследствена черта"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"word": "perintö"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"word": "taipumus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hérédité"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Veranlagung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Disposition"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Charakterzug"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zug"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Tendenz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hang"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "disposizione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "predisposizione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"word": "carattere ereditario"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ereditarietà"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tendenza"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tendens"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hang"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anlegg"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "disposisjon"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"word": "feição"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "natura"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caràttiri riditariu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "riditarità"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hereditary character, quality, or disposition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trazas"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "napev",
"sense": "music, poetry: movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "напев"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "music, poetry: movement",
"word": "taipumus"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "music, poetry: movement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Weise"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "music, poetry: movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ábhann"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "music, poetry: movement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "manera"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "music, poetry: movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mutivu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "music, poetry: movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stili"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "music, poetry: movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tema"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"word": "tyyppi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Art"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Form"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Typ"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "soy",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"word": "صوی"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gèniri"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "speci"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sorta"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tipu"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clase"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tipo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "kind or sort",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "sort"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"strain"
],
"word": "strain"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English control verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *streyg-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "strain a point"
},
{
"word": "strain at a gnat"
},
{
"word": "strain courtesy"
},
{
"word": "strainer"
},
{
"word": "strain every nerve"
},
{
"word": "strain the potatoes"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*streyg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "straynen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English straynen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "streinen"
},
"expansion": "streinen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "streynen"
},
"expansion": "streynen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estreindre"
},
"expansion": "Old French estreindre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "étreindre",
"t": "to grip"
},
"expansion": "French étreindre (“to grip”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "stringō",
"t": "to draw tight together, to tie"
},
"expansion": "Latin stringō (“to draw tight together, to tie”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English straynen, streinen, streynen, from Old French estreindre (whence French étreindre (“to grip”)), from Latin stringō (“to draw tight together, to tie”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strains",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "strained",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strained",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "strain (third-person singular simple present strains, present participle straining, simple past and past participle strained)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1859, Ferna Vale, Natalie; or, A Gem Among the Sea-Weeds",
"text": "\"Farewell!\"—the mother strained her child to her heart again, and again put her from her, to embrace her more closely.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hold tightly, to clasp."
],
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"clasp",
"clasp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To hold tightly, to clasp."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to strain a rope; to strain the shrouds of a ship",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Relations between the United States and Guatemala traditionally have been close, although at times strained by human rights and civil/military issues.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To apply a force or forces to by stretching out."
],
"links": [
[
"apply",
"apply"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To apply a force or forces to by stretching out."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The gale strained the timbers of the ship.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To damage by drawing, stretching, or the exertion of force."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To damage by drawing, stretching, or the exertion of force."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To act upon, in any way, so as to cause change of form or volume, as when bending a beam."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To act upon, in any way, so as to cause change of form or volume, as when bending a beam."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Sitting in back, I strained to hear the speaker.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To exert or struggle (to do something), especially to stretch (one's senses, faculties etc.) beyond what is normal or comfortable."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"exert",
"exert"
],
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
],
[
"stretch",
"stretch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To exert or struggle (to do something), especially to stretch (one's senses, faculties etc.) beyond what is normal or comfortable."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to strain the law in order to convict an accused person",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1724, “Drapier's Letters”, in 4, Jonathan Swift",
"text": "There can be no other meaning in this expression, however some may pretend to strain it.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stretch beyond its proper limit; to do violence to, in terms of intent or meaning."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To stretch beyond its proper limit; to do violence to, in terms of intent or meaning."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2017 November 14, Matthew Kenney, PLANTLAB, Simon and Schuster",
"text": "Strain the noodles and rinse with fresh water until it runs clear. The noodles should be soft, but not mushy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To separate solid from liquid by passing through a strainer or colander."
],
"links": [
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
],
[
"passing",
"passing"
],
[
"strainer",
"strainer"
],
[
"colander",
"colander"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To separate solid from liquid by passing through a strainer or colander."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "water straining through a sandy soil",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To percolate; to be filtered."
],
"links": [
[
"percolate",
"percolate"
],
[
"filter",
"filter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To percolate; to be filtered."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make uneasy or unnatural; to produce with apparent effort; to force; to constrain."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make uneasy or unnatural; to produce with apparent effort; to force; to constrain."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to strain a petition or invitation",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To urge with importunity; to press."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To urge with importunity; to press."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To hug somebody; to hold somebody tightly."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To hug somebody; to hold somebody tightly."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɹeɪn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-strain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-strain.ogg/En-us-strain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/En-us-strain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opǎvam",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "опъвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obtjagam",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "обтягам"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "belaste"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "trække"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "trykke"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "forceren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "rasittaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "kuormittaa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "beanspruchen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "belasten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "anstrengen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "anspannen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "strapazieren"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "freang"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "tendere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "tirare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "forzare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "bistrattare"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "danggida",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "당기다"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "riaka"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "whakawhēnanau"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"english": "whilst giving birth",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "whakatoutou"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "strekke"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "belaste"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tanjidan",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"word": "تنجیدن"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naprjagátʹ",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "напряга́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naprjáčʹ",
"sense": "to apply a force",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "напря́чь"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "raztjagam",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "разтягам"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "overstrække"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "overstrekken"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "venäyttää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "étirer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "überdehnen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "überbeanspruchen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "überstrecken"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "überstrapazieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "überspannen"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "sníomh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "slogare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "stravolgere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "distorcere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "protrudere"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of muscles",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "tanuku"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"english": "refers to childbirth",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "whakatoutou"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "whakawhēnanau"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "distender"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastjágivatʹ",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "растя́гивать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastjanútʹ",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "растяну́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to stretch too far",
"word": "elongar"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "stricor"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "colar"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "höźöw",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "һөҙөү"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "preceždam",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "прецеждам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "colar"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "kanvsolvsdiha",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "ᎧᏅᏐᎸᏍᏗᎭ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "過濾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guòlǜ",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "过滤"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "濾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lǜ",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "滤"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "cedit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "si"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "scheiden"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "afscheiden"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "zeven"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "filtri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "siivilöidä"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "coar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "escoar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "escorrer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "decorrer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "durchsieben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "filtern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "sieben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "abscheiden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "seihen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "abseihen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "passieren"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "souróno",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "σουρώνω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "strangízo",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "στραγγίζω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "szűr"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "síothlaigh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "scag"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "colare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "passare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "scolare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "drenare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "filtrare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "setacciare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "percolare"
},
{
"alt": "こす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kosu",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "濾す"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "georeuda",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "거르다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "percolō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "saccō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "tātari"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "êputher"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "sile"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "colar"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "süzmek",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "سوزمك"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâf kardan",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "صاف کردن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâšive kardan",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "ماشیوه کردن"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "coar"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "suysuy"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "strecura"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ceditʹ",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "цедить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "procedítʹ",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "процеди́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "procéživatʹ",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "проце́живать"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "sìolaidh"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "colar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "tamizar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "sila"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "salain"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "süzmek"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "procídžuvaty",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "проці́джувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "procidýty",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "проціди́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "cidýty",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ціди́ти"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "cołar"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to separate solid from liquid",
"word": "colar"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"strain"
],
"word": "strain"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English control verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *streyg-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "breaking strain"
},
{
"word": "eyestrain"
},
{
"word": "multistrain"
},
{
"word": "oblique strain"
},
{
"word": "repetitive strain injury"
},
{
"word": "strain burst"
},
{
"word": "strain energy"
},
{
"word": "strain gauge"
},
{
"word": "strain hardening"
},
{
"word": "strain insulator"
},
{
"word": "strain rate"
},
{
"word": "strain relief"
},
{
"word": "tensile strain"
},
{
"word": "transannular strain"
},
{
"word": "van der Waals strain"
},
{
"word": "yield strain"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "straidhn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: straidhn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: straidhn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*streyg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "straynen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English straynen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "streinen"
},
"expansion": "streinen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "streynen"
},
"expansion": "streynen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estreindre"
},
"expansion": "Old French estreindre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "étreindre",
"t": "to grip"
},
"expansion": "French étreindre (“to grip”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "stringō",
"t": "to draw tight together, to tie"
},
"expansion": "Latin stringō (“to draw tight together, to tie”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English straynen, streinen, streynen, from Old French estreindre (whence French étreindre (“to grip”)), from Latin stringō (“to draw tight together, to tie”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "strain (countable and uncountable, plural strains)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "stress"
},
{
"word": "strict"
},
{
"word": "stringent"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 September-October, Michael Sivak, “Will AC Put a Chill on the Global Energy Supply?”, in American Scientist",
"text": "Nevertheless, it is clear that the global energy demand for air-conditioning will grow substantially as nations become more affluent,[…]. This trend will put additional strain not only on global energy resources but also on the environmental prospects of a warming planet.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1832, Charles Stewart Drewry (A.M.I.C.E.), A memoir on suspension bridges, page 183",
"text": "If the Menai Bridge, for instance, were loaded at that rate, the entire strain on the main chains would be about 2000 tons ; while the chains containing 260 square inches of iron would bear, at 9 tons per square inch, 2340 tons, without stretching ..."
},
{
"ref": "2004, Sanjay Shrivastava, Medical Device Materials: Proceedings from the Materials & Processes for Medical Devices Conference 2003, 8-10 September 2003, Anaheim, California, ASM International, page 176",
"text": "Therefore, the goal of this study is to assess the influence of strain on the corrosion resistance of passivated Nitinol and stainless steel implant materials. Materials and Methods Nitinol (50.8%at. Ni) wire (NDC, Fremont, CA) and 316L stainless ...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of straining, or the state of being strained."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "he jumped up with a strain",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "the strain upon the sailboat's rigging",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A violent effort; an excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles."
],
"links": [
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
"muscle",
"muscle"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Peter Corris, Torn Apart, Allen and Unwin, page 162",
"text": "They used steroids to build strength but, more importantly, to recover from strains, pulls, dislocations.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 April 11, Phil McNulty, “Liverpool 3-0 Man City”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "Dirk Kuyt sandwiched a goal in between Carroll's double as City endured a night of total misery, with captain Carlos Tevez limping off early on with a hamstring strain that puts a serious question mark over his participation in Saturday's FA Cup semi-final against Manchester United at Wembley.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An injury resulting from violent effort; a sprain."
],
"links": [
[
"sprain",
"sprain"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Engineering"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1950 March, H. A. Vallance, “On Foot Across the Forth Bridge”, in Railway Magazine, page 149",
"text": "Detailed records are kept of the strains imposed on the bridge by the violent gales that frequently sweep the firth, and a self-recording wind gauge is fixed on the top of the tower.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dimensionless measure of object deformation either referring to engineering strain or true strain."
],
"links": [
[
"engineering",
"engineering#Noun"
],
[
"dimensionless",
"dimensionless"
],
[
"deformation",
"deformation"
],
[
"engineering strain",
"engineering strain"
],
[
"true strain",
"true strain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, engineering) A dimensionless measure of object deformation either referring to engineering strain or true strain."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, Kupperman, published 1988, page 145",
"text": "When they have shot a Deere by land, they follow him like bloud-hounds by the bloud, and straine, and oftentimes so take them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The track of a deer."
],
"links": [
[
"track",
"track"
],
[
"deer",
"deer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The track of a deer."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɹeɪn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-strain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-strain.ogg/En-us-strain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/En-us-strain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opǎvane",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "опъване"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "raztjagane",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"word": "разтягане"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"word": "pressió"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"word": "tensió"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"word": "pres"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"word": "rasitus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tension"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pression"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Belastung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spannung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Inanspruchnahme"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Beanspruchung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dehnung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stress"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Strapaze"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Anspannung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Druck"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tēnsiō"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naprjažénije",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "напряже́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tensión"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act of straining, or the state of being strained",
"word": "press"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "naprjagane",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "напрягане"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"word": "estrebada"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "violent effort",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"word": "ponnistus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "tension",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"word": "jännitys"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kraftaufwand"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Anspannung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Anstrengung"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esperfòrç"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"word": "distensão"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent effort, excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tirón"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razteženie",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "разтежение"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"word": "estrebada"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"word": "venähdys"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "élongation"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "claquage"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Überdehnung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verdehnung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Krampf"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Überanstrengung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verrenkung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Zerrung"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"word": "contusão"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "injury resulting from violent effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tirón"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "deformacija",
"sense": "engineering: measure of object deformation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "деформация"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "engineering: measure of object deformation",
"word": "venymä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "engineering: measure of object deformation",
"word": "venyminen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "engineering: measure of object deformation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "déformation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "engineering: measure of object deformation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verformung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "engineering: measure of object deformation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dehnung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "engineering: measure of object deformation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Deformation"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "engineering: measure of object deformation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "straidhn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "track of a deer",
"word": "hirven jälki"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"strain"
],
"word": "strain"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English control verbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "strenen",
"t": "to beget, father, procreate"
},
"expansion": "Middle English strenen (“to beget, father, procreate”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "strēonan"
},
"expansion": "Old English strēonan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "strīenan"
},
"expansion": "strīenan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "strȳnan",
"t": "to beget, generate, gain, acquire"
},
"expansion": "strȳnan (“to beget, generate, gain, acquire”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*striunijaną",
"t": "to furnish, decorate, acquire"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *striunijaną (“to furnish, decorate, acquire”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English strenen (“to beget, father, procreate”), from Old English strēonan, strīenan, strȳnan (“to beget, generate, gain, acquire”), from Proto-Germanic *striunijaną (“to furnish, decorate, acquire”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strains",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "straining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "strained",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strained",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "strain (third-person singular simple present strains, present participle straining, simple past and past participle strained)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A man straineth, liveth, then dieth.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Man, look at that cat straining that kitty.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To beget, generate (of light), engender, copulate (both of animals and humans), lie with, be born, come into the world."
],
"links": [
[
"beget",
"beget"
],
[
"generate",
"generate"
],
[
"engender",
"engender"
],
[
"copulate",
"copulate"
],
[
"lie with",
"lie with"
],
[
"born",
"born"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"world",
"world"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To beget, generate (of light), engender, copulate (both of animals and humans), lie with, be born, come into the world."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɹeɪn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-strain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-strain.ogg/En-us-strain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/En-us-strain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"strain"
],
"word": "strain"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.