See subspecies in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chronosubspecies"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ecosubspecies"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ichnosubspecies"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "infrasubspecies"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "intersubspecies"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "intrasubspecies"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "microsubspecies"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nothosubspecies"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "palaeosubspecies"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "subspecific"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Felis silvestris lybica",
"2": "subspecies"
},
"expansion": "Felis silvestris lybica",
"name": "taxlink"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sub",
"3": "species"
},
"expansion": "sub- + species",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From sub- + species.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "subspecies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "subspecies"
},
"expansion": "subspecies (plural subspecies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sub‧spe‧cies"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "infraspecific"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "infraspecific epithet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "quasispecies"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "subspecific"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "subspecific epithet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "subspecific name"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cultivar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "strain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "variety"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Taxonomy",
"orig": "en:Taxonomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Evolutionary theory",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "60 37 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 34 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with sub-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 32 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 45 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 36 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 26 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aragonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 28 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 30 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bihari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 32 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 27 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 24 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 29 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 24 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 33 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 25 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 29 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 26 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hokkien translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 31 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ilocano translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 28 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 30 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 23 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 23 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 29 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Javanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 28 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maltese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 31 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 28 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 31 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 27 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 32 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 23 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 30 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scots translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 30 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 29 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 30 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 27 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 24 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 39 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 29 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yakut translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1866, A[ndrew] C[rombie] Ramsay, “Trilobita”, in The Geology of North Wales (Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and of the Museum of Practical Geology; [III]), London: Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office; published by Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, →OCLC, page 325:",
"text": "I believe it [the trilobite Calymene blumenbachii] has been divided into several forms, which cannot claim more than the rank of subspecies, as they pass by slight gradations into forms which no author has yet thought it right to separate from the type species.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rank in the classification of organisms, below species."
],
"id": "en-subspecies-en-noun-U2MN8KNg",
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"rank",
"rank#Noun"
],
[
"classification",
"classification"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"species",
"species"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below species."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "subspesie"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nuwayʕ",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "نُوَيْع"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "subespecie"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "entʻatesak",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "ենթատեսակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "yarımnöv"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "azpiespezie"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "upoprojati",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "উপপ্রজাতি"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "bh",
"lang": "Bihari",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "उपप्रजाति"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "isspesad"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "subespècie"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "亞種"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "aa³ zung²",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "亚种"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "á-chéng"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "亞種"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yàzhǒng",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "亚种"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "poddruh"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "underart"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "ondersoort"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "subspecio"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "alamliik"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "alalaji"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sous-espèce"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "subespecie"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "kvesaxeoba",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "ქვესახეობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Unterart"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rasse"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Subspezies"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypoeídos",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "υποείδος"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "תת-מין"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "alfaj"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "ilo",
"lang": "Ilocano",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "subsebbangan"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "upaspesies"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "subespecie"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fospeiceas"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sottospecie"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"alt": "あしゅ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ashu",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "亜種"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "subspesies"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ajong",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "아종"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "subspecies"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "pasuga"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "porūšis"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ünneroort"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Raaß"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rooß"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "podvid",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "подвид"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "subspesies"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sottospeċi"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "underart"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "underart"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "زیرگونه"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "podgatunek"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "subespécie"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "subspecie"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podvíd",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "подви́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "subspecies"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pȍdvrsta"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "poddruh"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "podvrsta"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "subespecie"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "underart"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "tuṇaiyiṉam",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "துணையினம்"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "upajāti",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "ఉపజాతి"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "ชนิดย่อย"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "alt tür"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "kiçi görnüş"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pidvyd",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "підвид"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "loài phụ"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "phân loài"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "isrywogaeth"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "undersoarte"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 3",
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "körüñ üödüñe",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "көрүҥ үөдүҥэ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Taxonomy",
"orig": "en:Taxonomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Evolutionary theory",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with sub-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 45 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1851, [Johann Jakob] Kaup, “Descriptions of Some New Birds in the Museum of the Earl of Derby”, in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, part XIX, London: Printed for the Society; sold at their house in Hanover Square, and by Messrs. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, Paternoster Row, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 42:",
"text": "But these slight differences will not justify us in considering the West African chiquera as a true species distinct from the Indian true chiquera; it is only a subspecies of the latter true species.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A taxon at that rank, often indicated with trinomial nomenclature (such as Felis silvestris silvestris in zoology and Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii in botany)."
],
"id": "en-subspecies-en-noun-0KoO-wBf",
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"taxon",
"taxon"
],
[
"trinomial",
"trinomial"
],
[
"nomenclature",
"nomenclature"
],
[
"Felis silvestris silvestris",
"Felis silvestris silvestris#Translingual"
],
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"botany",
"botany"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(taxonomy) A taxon at that rank, often indicated with trinomial nomenclature (such as Felis silvestris silvestris in zoology and Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii in botany)."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with sub-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1821, Robert Jameson, Manual of Mineralogy: Containing an Account of Simple Minerals, and also a Description and Arrangement of Mountain Rocks, Edinburgh: Printed for Archibald Constable & Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson & Co., →OCLC, page 166:",
"text": "Granular Augite. […] This subspecies of augite has been hitherto found principally in primitive rocks at Arendal in Norway, in several of the iron-mines, particularly that named Ulve-Grube.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A subdivision of a species in other scientific disciplines."
],
"id": "en-subspecies-en-noun-qTZ6yjnX",
"links": [
[
"subdivision",
"subdivision"
],
[
"scientific",
"scientific"
],
[
"disciplines",
"discipline#Noun"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌbspiːʃiːz/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ʃɪz/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-siːz/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-subspecies.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/En-au-subspecies.ogg/En-au-subspecies.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/En-au-subspecies.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "ssp."
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "subsp."
}
],
"word": "subspecies"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms prefixed with sub-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for gender in Telugu entries",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Aragonese translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bihari translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German Low German translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ilocano translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Javanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chronosubspecies"
},
{
"word": "ecosubspecies"
},
{
"word": "ichnosubspecies"
},
{
"word": "infrasubspecies"
},
{
"word": "intersubspecies"
},
{
"word": "intrasubspecies"
},
{
"word": "microsubspecies"
},
{
"word": "nothosubspecies"
},
{
"word": "palaeosubspecies"
},
{
"word": "subspecific"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Felis silvestris lybica",
"2": "subspecies"
},
"expansion": "Felis silvestris lybica",
"name": "taxlink"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sub",
"3": "species"
},
"expansion": "sub- + species",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From sub- + species.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "subspecies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "subspecies"
},
"expansion": "subspecies (plural subspecies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sub‧spe‧cies"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "infraspecific"
},
{
"word": "infraspecific epithet"
},
{
"word": "quasispecies"
},
{
"word": "subspecific"
},
{
"word": "subspecific epithet"
},
{
"word": "subspecific name"
},
{
"word": "cultivar"
},
{
"word": "strain"
},
{
"word": "variety"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"en:Taxonomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1866, A[ndrew] C[rombie] Ramsay, “Trilobita”, in The Geology of North Wales (Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and of the Museum of Practical Geology; [III]), London: Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office; published by Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, →OCLC, page 325:",
"text": "I believe it [the trilobite Calymene blumenbachii] has been divided into several forms, which cannot claim more than the rank of subspecies, as they pass by slight gradations into forms which no author has yet thought it right to separate from the type species.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rank in the classification of organisms, below species."
],
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"rank",
"rank#Noun"
],
[
"classification",
"classification"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"species",
"species"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below species."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (subspecies)",
"en:Taxonomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1851, [Johann Jakob] Kaup, “Descriptions of Some New Birds in the Museum of the Earl of Derby”, in Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, part XIX, London: Printed for the Society; sold at their house in Hanover Square, and by Messrs. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, Paternoster Row, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 42:",
"text": "But these slight differences will not justify us in considering the West African chiquera as a true species distinct from the Indian true chiquera; it is only a subspecies of the latter true species.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A taxon at that rank, often indicated with trinomial nomenclature (such as Felis silvestris silvestris in zoology and Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii in botany)."
],
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"taxon",
"taxon"
],
[
"trinomial",
"trinomial"
],
[
"nomenclature",
"nomenclature"
],
[
"Felis silvestris silvestris",
"Felis silvestris silvestris#Translingual"
],
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"botany",
"botany"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(taxonomy) A taxon at that rank, often indicated with trinomial nomenclature (such as Felis silvestris silvestris in zoology and Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii in botany)."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1821, Robert Jameson, Manual of Mineralogy: Containing an Account of Simple Minerals, and also a Description and Arrangement of Mountain Rocks, Edinburgh: Printed for Archibald Constable & Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson & Co., →OCLC, page 166:",
"text": "Granular Augite. […] This subspecies of augite has been hitherto found principally in primitive rocks at Arendal in Norway, in several of the iron-mines, particularly that named Ulve-Grube.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A subdivision of a species in other scientific disciplines."
],
"links": [
[
"subdivision",
"subdivision"
],
[
"scientific",
"scientific"
],
[
"disciplines",
"discipline#Noun"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌbspiːʃiːz/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ʃɪz/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-siːz/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-subspecies.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/En-au-subspecies.ogg/En-au-subspecies.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/En-au-subspecies.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "ssp."
},
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "subsp."
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "subspesie"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nuwayʕ",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "نُوَيْع"
},
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "subespecie"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "entʻatesak",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "ենթատեսակ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "yarımnöv"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "azpiespezie"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "upoprojati",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "উপপ্রজাতি"
},
{
"code": "bh",
"lang": "Bihari",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "उपप्रजाति"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "isspesad"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "subespècie"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "亞種"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "aa³ zung²",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "亚种"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "á-chéng"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "亞種"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yàzhǒng",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "亚种"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "poddruh"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "underart"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "ondersoort"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "subspecio"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "alamliik"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "alalaji"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sous-espèce"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "subespecie"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "kvesaxeoba",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "ქვესახეობა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Unterart"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rasse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Subspezies"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypoeídos",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "υποείδος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "תת-מין"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "alfaj"
},
{
"code": "ilo",
"lang": "Ilocano",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "subsebbangan"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "upaspesies"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "subespecie"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fospeiceas"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sottospecie"
},
{
"alt": "あしゅ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ashu",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "亜種"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "subspesies"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ajong",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "아종"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "subspecies"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "pasuga"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "porūšis"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ünneroort"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Raaß"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rooß"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "podvid",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "подвид"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "subspesies"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sottospeċi"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "underart"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "underart"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "زیرگونه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "podgatunek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "subespécie"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "subspecie"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podvíd",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "подви́д"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "subspecies"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pȍdvrsta"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "poddruh"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "podvrsta"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "subespecie"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "underart"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "tuṇaiyiṉam",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "துணையினம்"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "upajāti",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "ఉపజాతి"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "ชนิดย่อย"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "alt tür"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "kiçi görnüş"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pidvyd",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "підвид"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "loài phụ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "phân loài"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "isrywogaeth"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "undersoarte"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "körüñ üödüñe",
"sense": "rank in the classification of organisms",
"word": "көрүҥ үөдүҥэ"
}
],
"word": "subspecies"
}
Download raw JSONL data for subspecies meaning in English (16.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.