See running in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"3": "-ing"
},
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"name": "surf"
}
],
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"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "running",
"name": "head"
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{
"word": "run"
}
],
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],
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"run#English"
]
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"tags": [
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{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋɡ/",
"note": "without the NG-coalescence",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌnɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "running"
}
{
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{
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{
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"word": "clock is running"
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{
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"word": "free-running"
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{
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Running Creek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "running footman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "running hyena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runningly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "running room"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "running sand"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "running start"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Running Stream"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "smoothrunning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "smooth-running"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "take a running jump"
}
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"2": "run",
"3": "-ing"
},
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"name": "surf"
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{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "running (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
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},
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{
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],
"glosses": [
"Moving or advancing at a run."
],
"id": "en-running-en-adj-vNnBrxMy",
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
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{
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"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
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{
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"name": "Terms with Manchu translations",
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{
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{
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{
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Moving or advancing at a run.",
"Of a horse, having a running gait; not a trotter or pacer."
],
"id": "en-running-en-adj-rI6EuL-V",
"links": [
[
"trotter",
"trotter"
],
[
"pacer",
"pacer"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"text": "running month",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Present, current."
],
"id": "en-running-en-adj-ChiktBSs",
"links": [
[
"Present",
"present"
],
[
"current",
"current"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "coloti",
"sense": "present, current",
"word": "চলতি"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "tekušt",
"sense": "present, current",
"word": "текущ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "present, current",
"word": "kuranta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "present, current",
"word": "kuluva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "present, current",
"word": "corrente"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "present, current",
"word": "laufend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "present, current",
"word": "corrente"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "present, current",
"word": "attuale"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 1 10 5 3 10 4 6 5 1 0 4 5 5 9 9 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
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[
0,
7
]
],
"text": "running handwriting",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Flowing; easy; cursive."
],
"id": "en-running-en-adj-L1q0EaWL",
"links": [
[
"Flowing",
"flowing"
],
[
"easy",
"easy"
],
[
"cursive",
"cursive"
]
],
"tags": [
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],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 74 1 5 9 2 4 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "easy, cursive",
"word": "sujuva"
}
]
},
{
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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2,
9
],
[
24,
31
],
[
48,
55
]
],
"text": "a running commentary, a running explanation, my running theory",
"type": "example"
},
{
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16,
23
]
],
"ref": "1778, John Hamilton Moore, A New and Complete Collection of Voyages and Travels:",
"text": "Thus a constant running fire was kept up, and no interval allowed for the enemy to stand to their guns in safety […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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[
2,
9
]
],
"ref": "1670, John Milton, “(please specify the page)”, in The History of Britain, that Part Especially now Call’d England. […], London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for James Allestry, […] , →OCLC:",
"text": "a running conquest",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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34,
41
]
],
"ref": "1826, Julius Hare, Guesses at Truth by Two Brothers:",
"text": "What are art and science if not a running commentary on Nature?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Continuous; ongoing; keeping along step by step."
],
"id": "en-running-en-adj-0or~zeY5",
"links": [
[
"Continuous",
"continuous"
],
[
"ongoing",
"ongoing"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 1 93 3 2 0 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "plaven",
"sense": "continuous, keeping along step by step",
"word": "плавен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 1 93 3 2 0 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "neprekăsnat",
"sense": "continuous, keeping along step by step",
"word": "непрекъснат"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 1 93 3 2 0 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "continuous, keeping along step by step",
"word": "jatkuva"
}
]
},
{
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{
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"name": "English terms with collocations",
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}
],
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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0,
7
],
[
14,
21
]
],
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "running bond; running ornament",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a continuous design or pattern."
],
"id": "en-running-en-adj-xosPqYde",
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 1 10 5 3 10 4 6 5 1 0 4 5 5 9 9 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
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27,
34
]
],
"text": "He won the title for three running years.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Consecutive (much more commonly expressed by an adverb; see below)."
],
"id": "en-running-en-adj-EwgTau-7",
"links": [
[
"Consecutive",
"consecutive"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
9
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],
"text": "a running vine",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Extending by a slender climbing or trailing stem."
],
"id": "en-running-en-adj-RiATZv4e",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Extending by a slender climbing or trailing stem."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 12 0 5 2 4 3 49 6 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pălzjašt",
"sense": "botany: extending by slender stem",
"word": "пълзящ"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 12 0 5 2 4 3 49 6 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "botany: extending by slender stem",
"word": "kiipeävä"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "en:Medicine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 1 7 3 2 4 5 12 3 1 0 6 3 3 13 11 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
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2,
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],
"text": "a running sore",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Discharging pus."
],
"id": "en-running-en-adj-L6ZowEf0",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"pus",
"pus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Discharging pus."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 4 0 3 1 1 2 2 77 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "discharging pus",
"word": "vuotava"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 0 3 1 1 2 2 77 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "discharging pus",
"word": "eiternd"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 0 3 1 1 2 2 77 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "discharging pus",
"word": "nässend"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 0 3 1 1 2 2 77 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "discharging pus",
"word": "silidh"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 0 3 1 1 2 2 77 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "discharging pus",
"word": "reatha"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "en:Medicine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
9
]
],
"text": "a running nose",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Discharging snot or mucus."
],
"id": "en-running-en-adj-Sv~u1fR~",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"Discharging",
"discharge"
],
[
"snot",
"snot"
],
[
"mucus",
"mucus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine, of a nose) Discharging snot or mucus."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a nose"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "runny"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 2 1 1 2 3 6 85",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "sălzjašt",
"sense": "discharging snot or mucus",
"word": "сълзящ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 2 1 1 2 3 6 85",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "discharging snot or mucus",
"word": "vuotava"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 2 1 1 2 3 6 85",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "discharging snot or mucus",
"word": "laufend"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-running.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/En-us-running.ogg/En-us-running.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/En-us-running.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-running.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋɡ/",
"note": "without the NG-coalescence",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌnɪŋ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "chuṭôntô",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "ছুটন্ত"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "côlôntô",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "চলন্ত"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "coloti",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "চলতি"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "dhabôman",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "ধাবমান"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bjagašt",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "бягащ"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "tičašt",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "тичащ"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "kuradanta"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "juokseva"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "corrente"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"roman": "sujure",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "ᠰᡠᠵᡠᡵᡝ"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nys",
"lang": "Nyunga",
"lang_code": "nys",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "baardanginy"
}
],
"word": "running"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "run",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, run + -ing",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By surface analysis, run + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "running (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
80,
87
]
],
"text": "Mom's strawberry jam won the blue ribbon at the Holland County Fair three years running.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Consecutively; in a row."
],
"id": "en-running-en-adv-wpeauK-M",
"links": [
[
"Consecutively",
"consecutively"
],
[
"in a row",
"in a row"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) Consecutively; in a row."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "consecutively",
"word": "dalbadal"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "posledovatelno",
"sense": "consecutively",
"word": "последователно"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "consecutively",
"word": "peräkkäin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "consecutively",
"word": "à la suite consécutivement de suite"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "consecutively",
"word": "consecutivamente"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "podrjád",
"sense": "consecutively",
"word": "подря́д"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "consecutively",
"word": "consecutivo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-running.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/En-us-running.ogg/En-us-running.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/En-us-running.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-running.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋɡ/",
"note": "without the NG-coalescence",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌnɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "running"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "byrunning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "inrunning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "baserunning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bookrunning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fellrunning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "free running"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "freerunning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gunrunning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "make all the running"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "make the running"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "river running"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "road running"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rumrunning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "running coupling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "running game"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "running lights"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "running-mate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "running stroller"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runningwear"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "skyrunning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tunnel running"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ultrarunning"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "run",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, run + -ing",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By surface analysis, run + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "runnings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "running (countable and uncountable, plural runnings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
11
]
],
"text": "His running of the business leaves something to be desired.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
173,
180
]
],
"ref": "2022 January 12, “Network News: Trading of Go-Ahead Group shares halted”, in RAIL, number 948, page 7:",
"text": "The train operating company owning group warned in early December that it was unable to publish its results for the year to July 3 2021, following an investigation into the running of Southeastern, which was stripped of its franchise in October [...].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The action of the verb to run."
],
"id": "en-running-en-noun-Iu1Jk03B",
"links": [
[
"run",
"run#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"lang_code": "ase",
"note": "S@SideChesthigh-PalmAcross-S@SideTrunkhigh-PalmAcross CirclesMidline-CirclesMidline",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"lang_code": "am",
"roman": "ruč̣č̣a",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ሩጫ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "rakḍ",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رَكْض"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "bjeh",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бег"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "bjéhannje",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бе́ганне"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bjag",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бяг"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bjágane",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бя́гане"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "bua",
"lang": "Buryat",
"lang_code": "bua",
"roman": "güjlge",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "гүйлгэ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "pǎo",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "跑"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "běh"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lopen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "juoksu"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "juokseminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "course"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "course à pied"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rennen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Laufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "futás"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"alt": "はしる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hashiru",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "走る"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"alt": "はしり",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hashiri",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "走り"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "ranningu",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "ランニング"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "jügirüw",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
],
"word": "جۇگىرۋ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "jügiris",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
],
"word": "جۇگىرىس"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "jügirüw",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "жүгіру"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "jügiris",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "жүгіріс"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "dalligi",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "달리기"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "trčanje",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "трчање"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"roman": "ōṭṭaṁ",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "ഓട്ടം"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"roman": "sujurengge",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "ᠰᡠᠵᡠᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"roman": "sujuhengge",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"past"
],
"word": "ᠰᡠᠵᡠᡥᡝᠩᡤᡝ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "güyüdel",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "güjdel",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "гүйдэл"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "løping"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ryne"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bieg"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bieganie"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "correr"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "beg",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бег"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
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"english": "scurry, running about",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "begotnjá",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"translation": "scurry, running about",
"word": "беготня́"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "béganije",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "бе́гание"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
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"neuter"
],
"word": "трчање"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"neuter"
],
"word": "trčanje"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beh"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "behanie"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tek"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "löpning"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"roman": "parugettuṭa",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "పరుగెత్తుట"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "koşma"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "koşu"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"roman": "mañnaarı",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "маңнаары"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "bih",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "біг"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "bíhannja",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бі́гання"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "vifagol"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "gol vifik"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 1 0 0 0",
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "süürüü",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "сүүрүү"
}
]
},
{
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"text": "Running is good exercise.",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"The activity of running as a form of exercise, as a sport, or for any other reason."
],
"id": "en-running-en-noun-TI82hE9Q",
"links": [
[
"exercise",
"exercise"
],
[
"sport",
"sport"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "bjeh",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бег"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bjagane",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бягане"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "sàipǎo",
"sense": "sport",
"word": "賽跑 /赛跑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sport",
"word": "juoksu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Laufsport"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Laufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "sport",
"word": "futás"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bieg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "sport",
"word": "correr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "beg",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бег"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corrida"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corrimiento"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "peregueta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pedestrismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "bih",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "біг"
}
]
},
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"text": "the first running of a still",
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}
],
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"That which runs or flows; the quantity of a liquid which flows in a certain time or during a certain operation."
],
"id": "en-running-en-noun-b25rANqW",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
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{
"_dis1": "0 2 90 1 2 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "debit",
"sense": "quantity of liquid which flows in a certain time",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дебит"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 90 1 2 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "liúliàng",
"sense": "quantity of liquid which flows in a certain time",
"word": "流量"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 90 1 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"english": "regulated",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "quantity of liquid which flows in a certain time",
"translation": "regulated",
"word": "juoksutus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 90 1 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "quantity of liquid which flows in a certain time",
"word": "valuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 90 1 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
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"word": "virtaama (nonregulated)"
}
]
},
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[
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"ulcer"
],
[
"sore",
"sore"
]
],
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"countable",
"uncountable"
],
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{
"_dis1": "0 1 2 75 1 20",
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"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "sălzene",
"sense": "discharge from a sore",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сълзене"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 2 75 1 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "discharge from a sore",
"word": "vuoto"
}
]
},
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],
"glosses": [
"The act of running errands."
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"id": "en-running-en-noun-vQ2kHnZn",
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) The act of running errands."
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]
},
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],
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}
],
"sounds": [
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"US"
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},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋɡ/",
"note": "without the NG-coalescence",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌnɪŋ"
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "run",
"3": "-ing"
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"expansion": "By surface analysis, run + -ing",
"name": "surf"
}
],
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "running",
"name": "en-head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 1 10 5 3 10 4 6 5 1 0 4 5 5 9 9 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "bull-running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "bungee running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "come running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "drug running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "fell running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "free running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "front-running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "front running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "hand running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "hit the ground running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "hitting and running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "in running order"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "in the running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "make good one's running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "off and running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "out of the running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "rat running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "retro running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running and racing"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running back"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running battle"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running block"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running board"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running commentary"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running costs"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running day"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running dictation"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running dog"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running fight"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running fire"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running flush"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running gag"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running gear"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running hand"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running head"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running heading"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running headline"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running in"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running iron"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running joke"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running knot"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running lane"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running light"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running line"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running load"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running madness"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running man"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running mate"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running meter"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running of the bulls"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running order"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running powers"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running rail"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running rein"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running rigging"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running script"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running serviceberry"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running shed"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running shoe"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running shoes"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running sore"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running speech"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running stationer"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running stitch"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running target"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running text"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running the gauntlet"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running therapy"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running thrush"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running time"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running title"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running track"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running trap"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running W"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running water"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "take up the running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "up and running"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Approaching; about; roughly."
],
"id": "en-running-en-prep-eQ7Be~Ox",
"links": [
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"roughly",
"roughly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) Approaching; about; roughly."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-running.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/En-us-running.ogg/En-us-running.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/En-us-running.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
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},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋɡ/",
"note": "without the NG-coalescence",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌnɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "running"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English prepositions",
"English terms suffixed with -ing",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"English verbal nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnɪŋ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Nyunga translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "run",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, run + -ing",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By surface analysis, run + -ing.",
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{
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"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "running",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "run"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of run"
],
"links": [
[
"run",
"run#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-running.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/En-us-running.ogg/En-us-running.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/En-us-running.ogg",
"tags": [
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{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋɡ/",
"note": "without the NG-coalescence",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌnɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "running"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English prepositions",
"English terms suffixed with -ing",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"English verbal nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnɪŋ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Nyunga translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "byrunning"
},
{
"word": "clock is running"
},
{
"word": "free-running"
},
{
"word": "inrunning"
},
{
"word": "long-running"
},
{
"word": "nonrunning"
},
{
"word": "non-running"
},
{
"word": "Running Creek"
},
{
"word": "running footman"
},
{
"word": "running hyena"
},
{
"word": "runningly"
},
{
"word": "running room"
},
{
"word": "running sand"
},
{
"word": "running start"
},
{
"word": "Running Stream"
},
{
"word": "smoothrunning"
},
{
"word": "smooth-running"
},
{
"word": "take a running jump"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "run",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, run + -ing",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By surface analysis, run + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "running (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Moving or advancing at a run."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Moving or advancing at a run.",
"Of a horse, having a running gait; not a trotter or pacer."
],
"links": [
[
"trotter",
"trotter"
],
[
"pacer",
"pacer"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"text": "running month",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Present, current."
],
"links": [
[
"Present",
"present"
],
[
"current",
"current"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"text": "running handwriting",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Flowing; easy; cursive."
],
"links": [
[
"Flowing",
"flowing"
],
[
"easy",
"easy"
],
[
"cursive",
"cursive"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
9
],
[
24,
31
],
[
48,
55
]
],
"text": "a running commentary, a running explanation, my running theory",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"ref": "1778, John Hamilton Moore, A New and Complete Collection of Voyages and Travels:",
"text": "Thus a constant running fire was kept up, and no interval allowed for the enemy to stand to their guns in safety […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
9
]
],
"ref": "1670, John Milton, “(please specify the page)”, in The History of Britain, that Part Especially now Call’d England. […], London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for James Allestry, […] , →OCLC:",
"text": "a running conquest",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
41
]
],
"ref": "1826, Julius Hare, Guesses at Truth by Two Brothers:",
"text": "What are art and science if not a running commentary on Nature?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Continuous; ongoing; keeping along step by step."
],
"links": [
[
"Continuous",
"continuous"
],
[
"ongoing",
"ongoing"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
],
[
14,
21
]
],
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "running bond; running ornament",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a continuous design or pattern."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
34
]
],
"text": "He won the title for three running years.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Consecutive (much more commonly expressed by an adverb; see below)."
],
"links": [
[
"Consecutive",
"consecutive"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
9
]
],
"text": "a running vine",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Extending by a slender climbing or trailing stem."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Extending by a slender climbing or trailing stem."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Medicine"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
9
]
],
"text": "a running sore",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Discharging pus."
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"pus",
"pus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Discharging pus."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Medicine"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
9
]
],
"text": "a running nose",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Discharging snot or mucus."
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"Discharging",
"discharge"
],
[
"snot",
"snot"
],
[
"mucus",
"mucus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine, of a nose) Discharging snot or mucus."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a nose"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "runny"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"US"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"tags": [
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋɡ/",
"note": "without the NG-coalescence",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌnɪŋ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "chuṭôntô",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "ছুটন্ত"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "côlôntô",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "চলন্ত"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "coloti",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "চলতি"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "dhabôman",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "ধাবমান"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bjagašt",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "бягащ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "tičašt",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "тичащ"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "kuradanta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "juokseva"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "corrente"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"roman": "sujure",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "ᠰᡠᠵᡠᡵᡝ"
},
{
"code": "nys",
"lang": "Nyunga",
"lang_code": "nys",
"sense": "moving by running",
"word": "baardanginy"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "coloti",
"sense": "present, current",
"word": "চলতি"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "tekušt",
"sense": "present, current",
"word": "текущ"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "present, current",
"word": "kuranta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "present, current",
"word": "kuluva"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "present, current",
"word": "corrente"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "present, current",
"word": "laufend"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "present, current",
"word": "corrente"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "present, current",
"word": "attuale"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "easy, cursive",
"word": "sujuva"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "plaven",
"sense": "continuous, keeping along step by step",
"word": "плавен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "neprekăsnat",
"sense": "continuous, keeping along step by step",
"word": "непрекъснат"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "continuous, keeping along step by step",
"word": "jatkuva"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pălzjašt",
"sense": "botany: extending by slender stem",
"word": "пълзящ"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "botany: extending by slender stem",
"word": "kiipeävä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "discharging pus",
"word": "vuotava"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "discharging pus",
"word": "eiternd"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "discharging pus",
"word": "nässend"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "discharging pus",
"word": "silidh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "discharging pus",
"word": "reatha"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "sălzjašt",
"sense": "discharging snot or mucus",
"word": "сълзящ"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "discharging snot or mucus",
"word": "vuotava"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "discharging snot or mucus",
"word": "laufend"
}
],
"word": "running"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English prepositions",
"English terms suffixed with -ing",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"English verbal nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnɪŋ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Nyunga translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "run",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, run + -ing",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By surface analysis, run + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "running (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
80,
87
]
],
"text": "Mom's strawberry jam won the blue ribbon at the Holland County Fair three years running.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Consecutively; in a row."
],
"links": [
[
"Consecutively",
"consecutively"
],
[
"in a row",
"in a row"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) Consecutively; in a row."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-running.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/En-us-running.ogg/En-us-running.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/En-us-running.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-running.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋɡ/",
"note": "without the NG-coalescence",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌnɪŋ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "consecutively",
"word": "dalbadal"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "posledovatelno",
"sense": "consecutively",
"word": "последователно"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "consecutively",
"word": "peräkkäin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "consecutively",
"word": "à la suite consécutivement de suite"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "consecutively",
"word": "consecutivamente"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "podrjád",
"sense": "consecutively",
"word": "подря́д"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "consecutively",
"word": "consecutivo"
}
],
"word": "running"
}
{
"categories": [
"American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English prepositions",
"English terms suffixed with -ing",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"English verbal nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnɪŋ/2 syllables",
"Terms with American Sign Language translations",
"Terms with Amharic translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Buryat translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Nyunga translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Tuvan translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "baserunning"
},
{
"word": "bookrunning"
},
{
"word": "byrunning"
},
{
"word": "fellrunning"
},
{
"word": "free running"
},
{
"word": "freerunning"
},
{
"word": "gunrunning"
},
{
"word": "inrunning"
},
{
"word": "make all the running"
},
{
"word": "make the running"
},
{
"word": "river running"
},
{
"word": "road running"
},
{
"word": "rumrunning"
},
{
"word": "running coupling"
},
{
"word": "running game"
},
{
"word": "running lights"
},
{
"word": "running-mate"
},
{
"word": "running stroller"
},
{
"word": "runningwear"
},
{
"word": "skyrunning"
},
{
"word": "tunnel running"
},
{
"word": "ultrarunning"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "run",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, run + -ing",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By surface analysis, run + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "runnings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "running (countable and uncountable, plural runnings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
11
]
],
"text": "His running of the business leaves something to be desired.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
173,
180
]
],
"ref": "2022 January 12, “Network News: Trading of Go-Ahead Group shares halted”, in RAIL, number 948, page 7:",
"text": "The train operating company owning group warned in early December that it was unable to publish its results for the year to July 3 2021, following an investigation into the running of Southeastern, which was stripped of its franchise in October [...].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The action of the verb to run."
],
"links": [
[
"run",
"run#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"text": "Running is good exercise.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The activity of running as a form of exercise, as a sport, or for any other reason."
],
"links": [
[
"exercise",
"exercise"
],
[
"sport",
"sport"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"text": "the first running of a still",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"That which runs or flows; the quantity of a liquid which flows in a certain time or during a certain operation."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The discharge from an ulcer or other sore."
],
"links": [
[
"discharge",
"discharge"
],
[
"ulcer",
"ulcer"
],
[
"sore",
"sore"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
34
]
],
"text": "I'm gonna go out and do my running.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of running errands."
],
"links": [
[
"running errands",
"run errands"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) The act of running errands."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Physics"
],
"glosses": [
"The dependence of measured value, typically a coupling constant, on the energy scale at which it is probed due to higher-order interaction terms and associated renormalization issues becoming relevant; metaphorically, the \"running\" of the measurement from its limiting macroscopic value."
],
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"renormalization",
"renormalization"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) The dependence of measured value, typically a coupling constant, on the energy scale at which it is probed due to higher-order interaction terms and associated renormalization issues becoming relevant; metaphorically, the \"running\" of the measurement from its limiting macroscopic value."
],
"senseid": [
"en:physics"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-running.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/En-us-running.ogg/En-us-running.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/En-us-running.ogg",
"tags": [
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},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-running.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋɡ/",
"note": "without the NG-coalescence",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌnɪŋ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ase",
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"lang_code": "ase",
"note": "S@SideChesthigh-PalmAcross-S@SideTrunkhigh-PalmAcross CirclesMidline-CirclesMidline",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run"
},
{
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"lang_code": "am",
"roman": "ruč̣č̣a",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ሩጫ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "rakḍ",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رَكْض"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "bjeh",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бег"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "bjéhannje",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бе́ганне"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bjag",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бяг"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bjágane",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бя́гане"
},
{
"code": "bua",
"lang": "Buryat",
"lang_code": "bua",
"roman": "güjlge",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "гүйлгэ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "pǎo",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "跑"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "běh"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lopen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "juoksu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "juokseminen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "course"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "course à pied"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rennen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Laufen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "futás"
},
{
"alt": "はしる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hashiru",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "走る"
},
{
"alt": "はしり",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hashiri",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "走り"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "ranningu",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "ランニング"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "jügirüw",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
],
"word": "جۇگىرۋ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "jügiris",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
],
"word": "جۇگىرىس"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "jügirüw",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "жүгіру"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "jügiris",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "жүгіріс"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "dalligi",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "달리기"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "trčanje",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "трчање"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"roman": "ōṭṭaṁ",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "ഓട്ടം"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"roman": "sujurengge",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "ᠰᡠᠵᡠᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"roman": "sujuhengge",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"past"
],
"word": "ᠰᡠᠵᡠᡥᡝᠩᡤᡝ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "güyüdel",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "güjdel",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "гүйдэл"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "løping"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ryne"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bieg"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bieganie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "correr"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "beg",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бег"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "scurry, running about",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "begotnjá",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"translation": "scurry, running about",
"word": "беготня́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "béganije",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бе́гание"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "трчање"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"neuter"
],
"word": "trčanje"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beh"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "behanie"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tek"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "löpning"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"roman": "parugettuṭa",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "పరుగెత్తుట"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "koşma"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "koşu"
},
{
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"roman": "mañnaarı",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "маңнаары"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "bih",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "біг"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "bíhannja",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бі́гання"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "vifagol"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "gol vifik"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "süürüü",
"sense": "the action of the verb to run",
"word": "сүүрүү"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "bjeh",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бег"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bjagane",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бягане"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "sàipǎo",
"sense": "sport",
"word": "賽跑 /赛跑"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sport",
"word": "juoksu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Laufsport"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Laufen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "sport",
"word": "futás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corsa"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bieg"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "sport",
"word": "correr"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "beg",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бег"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corrida"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corrimiento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "peregueta"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pedestrismo"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "bih",
"sense": "sport",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "біг"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "debit",
"sense": "quantity of liquid which flows in a certain time",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дебит"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "liúliàng",
"sense": "quantity of liquid which flows in a certain time",
"word": "流量"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "regulated",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "quantity of liquid which flows in a certain time",
"translation": "regulated",
"word": "juoksutus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "quantity of liquid which flows in a certain time",
"word": "valuma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "quantity of liquid which flows in a certain time",
"word": "virtaama (nonregulated)"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "sălzene",
"sense": "discharge from a sore",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сълзене"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "discharge from a sore",
"word": "vuoto"
}
],
"word": "running"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English prepositions",
"English terms suffixed with -ing",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"English verbal nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnɪŋ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Nyunga translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "bull-running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "bungee running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "come running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "drug running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "fell running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "free running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "front-running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "front running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "hand running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "hit the ground running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "hitting and running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "in running order"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "in the running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "make good one's running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "off and running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "out of the running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "rat running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "retro running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running and racing"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running back"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running battle"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running block"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running board"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running commentary"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running costs"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running day"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running dictation"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running dog"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running fight"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running fire"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running flush"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running gag"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running gear"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running hand"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running head"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running heading"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running headline"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running in"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running iron"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running joke"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running knot"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running lane"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running light"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running line"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running load"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running madness"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running man"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running mate"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running meter"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running of the bulls"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running order"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running powers"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running rail"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running rein"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running rigging"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running script"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running serviceberry"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running shed"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running shoe"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running shoes"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running sore"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running speech"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running stationer"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running stitch"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running target"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running text"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running the gauntlet"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running therapy"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running thrush"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running time"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running title"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running track"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running trap"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running W"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "running water"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "take up the running"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from running (all parts of speech)",
"word": "up and running"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "run",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, run + -ing",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By surface analysis, run + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prep"
},
"expansion": "running",
"name": "en-head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"Approaching; about; roughly."
],
"links": [
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"roughly",
"roughly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) Approaching; about; roughly."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-running.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/En-us-running.ogg/En-us-running.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/En-us-running.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-running.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-running.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʊnɪŋɡ/",
"note": "without the NG-coalescence",
"tags": [
"Midlands",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌnɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "running"
}
Download raw JSONL data for running meaning in English (43.6kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"running"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "running",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2530",
"msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: </table></div></div>\n\n",
"path": [
"running"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "running",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2530",
"msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: </table></div></div>\n\n",
"path": [
"running"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "running",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.