See genus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bigener"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "congener"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dēgener"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "generālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "generātim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "generō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "generōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "genus verbī"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "suī generis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gens"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: gens",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: gens"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "gins"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: gins",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: gins"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "giens"
},
"expansion": "Old French: giens",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: giens"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": ""
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "جِنْس",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: جِنْس (jins)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: جِنْس (jins)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gènere",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: gènere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: gènere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "genus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: genus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: genus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "genus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: genus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: genus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "genus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: genus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: genus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "genus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: genus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: genus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "xendra",
"3": "xénero",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: xendra, xénero",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: xendra, xénero"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Genus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Genus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Genus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "géineas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: géineas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: géineas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "genere",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: genere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: genere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gendre",
"alt": "gen(d)re",
"bor": "1",
"id": "type"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: gen(d)re",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: gen(d)re (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "genus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: genus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: genus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "género",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: género, gênero (Brazil)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: género, gênero (Brazil)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "gen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: gen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: gen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "género",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: género",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: género"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "genus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: genus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: genus"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*ǵénh₁os>race",
"id": "gender"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*genos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *genos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵénh₁os",
"g": "n",
"t": "race"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os n (“race”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γένος",
"t": "race, stock, kin, kind"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “race, stock, kin, kind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनस्",
"t": "race, class of beings",
"tr": "jánas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit जनस् (jánas, “race, class of beings”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*genos",
"3": "",
"4": "birth; family"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *genos (“birth; family”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kin"
},
"expansion": "English kin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "genea"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of genea",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *genos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os n (“race”), from the root *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, beget”); compare also gēns, gignō and -gnus, from the same root. From the genitive gener-is (< PIE *ǵénh₁es-os), the sound shift -r- < *-s- can be observed, through which the Old Latin form *genes-is can be reconstructed.\nCognates include Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “race, stock, kin, kind”), Sanskrit जनस् (jánas, “race, class of beings”), Proto-Celtic *genos (“birth; family”), and English kin. Doublet of genea.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "generis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "genus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "genera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "generis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "generum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "generī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "generibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "genera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "generibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "genera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "genus/gener<3>"
},
"expansion": "genus n (genitive generis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "genus/gener<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"birth, origin, lineage, descent"
],
"id": "en-genus-la-noun-7Ah10HFG",
"links": [
[
"birth",
"birth"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
],
[
"lineage",
"lineage"
],
[
"descent",
"descent"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "For this class of soldier the senate had established a limit in duration to their military service, which was the same as the men at Cannae.",
"ref": "27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1",
"text": "huic generi militum senatus eundem, quem Cannensibus, finem statuerat militiae."
}
],
"glosses": [
"kind, type, class"
],
"id": "en-genus-la-noun-nOhS5i1W",
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"type",
"type"
],
[
"class",
"class"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "So far does every species on earth of man and beast, / whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged, / collapse into the frenzies and the fire [of sex].",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics III",
"text": "omne adeo genus in terris hominumque ferarumque / et genus aequoreum pecudes pictaeque volucres / in furias ignemque ruunt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"species (of animal or plant), race (of people)"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "7 0 44 4 25 20",
"sense": "genera nominum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] fēminīnum"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 44 4 25 20",
"sense": "genera nominum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] masculīnum"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 44 4 25 20",
"sense": "genera nominum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] neutrum"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 44 4 25 20",
"sense": "genera nominum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "genus commūne"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 44 4 25 20",
"sense": "genera nominum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "genus omne"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 44 4 25 20",
"sense": "genera verborum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] āctīvum"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 44 4 25 20",
"sense": "genera verborum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] passīvum"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 44 4 25 20",
"sense": "genera verborum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] neutrum"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 44 4 25 20",
"sense": "genera verborum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] commūne"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 44 4 25 20",
"sense": "genera verborum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] dēpōnēns"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 0 44 4 25 20",
"sense": "genera verborum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] medium"
}
],
"id": "en-genus-la-noun-l6BPPkQ5",
"links": [
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"race",
"race"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"set, group (with common attributes)"
],
"id": "en-genus-la-noun-YiYJTb~v",
"links": [
[
"set",
"set"
],
[
"group",
"group"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "la:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 1 3 34 29 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 6 7 9 42 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 10 5 28 21 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "la:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Nouns have six genders: masculine, e.g. hic Cato 'this man Cato'; feminine, e.g. haec musa 'this muse'; neuter, e.g. hoc monile 'this necklace'; common to two genders, e.g. hic et haec sacerdos 'this priest or priestess'; of three genders, e.g. hic, et haec, et hoc felix 'this lucky man, woman or thing'; epicene, called promiscous in Latin, e.g. passer 'sparrow', aquila 'eagle'.",
"roman": "Genera nominum sunt sex: masculinum, ut hic Cato; femininum, ut haec musa; neutrum, ut hoc monile; commune duorum generum, ut hic et haec sacerdos: trium generum, ut hic, et haec, et hoc felix; epicoenon, quod Latine promiscuum dicitur, ut passer, aquila.",
"text": "6th century, Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus (attributed): Commentarium de oratione et de octo partibus orationis. In: „Patrologiae cursus completus sive Bibliotheca universalis, integra, uniformis, commoda, oeconomica, omnium ss. patrum, doctorum scriptorumque ecclesiasticorum qui ab aevo apostolico ad innocentii III tempora floruerunt; […] . Series prima, in qua prodeunt patres, doctores scriptoresque ecclesiae latinae a tertulliano ad gregorium magnum. Accurante J.-P. Migne, cursuum completorum in singulos scientiae ecclesiaticae ramos editore. Patrologiae tomus LXX. Cassiodori tomus posterior. – Magni Aurelii Cassiodori senatoris, viri patricii, consularis, et vivariensis abbatis opera omnia in duos tomos distributa, ad fidem manuscriptiorum codicum emendata et aucta, notis, observationibus et indicibus locupletata, praecedente auctoris vita, quae nunc primum in lucem prodit cum dissertatione de ejus monarchatu. Opera et studio J. Garetii monarchi ordinis sancti Benedicti e congregatione sancti mauri. Nobis autem curantibus accesserunt complexiones in epistolas b. Pauli quas edidit et annotavit scipio Maffeius. Tomus posterior. – Parisiis, venit apud editorem, in via dicta d'amboise, près la barriere d'enfer, ou petit-montrouge. 1847“, p. 1225",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Nouns have seven genders. Masculine, which you can precede with hic: hic dominus 'this Lord'. Feminine, which you can precede with haec, e.g. haec musa 'this muse'. Neuter, which you can precede with hoc, e.g. hoc templum 'this temple'. Common, which you can precede with hic and haec: hic & haec sacerdos 'this male or female priest'. Universal, which you can precede with all three of hic, haec, hoc, or which vary in three forms, e.g. hic, haec, hoc felix 'this lucky man, woman, thing', hic bonus, haec bona, hoc bonum 'this good man, good woman, good thing'. Doubtful, which in the orators can be found to be sometimes masculine, sometimes feminine, e.g. hic, vel haec dies 'this day'. Promiscuous, in which a gender appears instead of another, e.g. hic passer 'this sparrow' (always masculine), haec aquila 'this eagle' (always feminine), hic lepus 'this rabbit' (always masculine).",
"ref": "16th century, Andreas Semperius (a.k.a. Andreas Sampere, Andreu Sempere): Andreae Semperii Valentini Alcodiani, doctoris medici, prima grammaticae latinae institutio tribus libris explicata, Majorca/Mallorca, 1819, p.19",
"text": "Genera nominum, septem sunt. Masculinum, cui praeponitur hic: ut hic Dominus. Foemineum, cui praeponitur haec: ut haec musa. Neutrum, cui praeponuntur hoc: ut hoc templum. Commune, cui praeponuntur hic, & haec: ut hic, & haec Sacerdos. Omne, cui praeponuntur hic, haec, hoc, vel per tres varias voces inflectitur: ut hic, haec, hoc felix, bonus, bona, bonum. Dubium, quod modo masculinum, modo faemineum, apud Oratores etiam invenitur: ut hic, vel haec dies. Promiscuum, in quo sexus uterque per alterum apparet: ut hic passer, haec aquila, hic lepus.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gender"
],
"id": "en-genus-la-noun-3p~q6otm",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"gender",
"gender"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) gender"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "la:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 1 3 34 29 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "How many types of verbs are there? Five. Which ones? Active, passive, neuter, deponent, common.",
"ref": "Aelius Donatus, Ars Minor De Verbo",
"text": "Genera verborum quot sunt? Quinque. Quae? Activa passiva neutra deponentia communia."
},
{
"english": "There are five types of verbs: active, passive, neuter, common, deponent.",
"ref": "Maurus Servius Honoratus, Commentarius in Artem Donati",
"text": "Verborum genera quinque sunt, activa passiva neutra communia deponentia."
}
],
"glosses": [
"subtype of word"
],
"id": "en-genus-la-noun-Yaoc-c9t",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"subtype",
"subtype"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) subtype of word"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡe.nus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɛnʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒe.nus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ʒɛːnus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:la:Genus (discretiva)"
],
"word": "genus"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "genūs",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "genūs"
},
"expansion": "genūs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 1 1 3 34 29 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "genū"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of genū"
],
"id": "en-genus-la-noun-B53TcxfG",
"links": [
[
"genū",
"genu#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡe.nuːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɛnuːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒe.nus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ʒɛːnus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:la:Genus (discretiva)"
],
"word": "genus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin doublets",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Collectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bigener"
},
{
"word": "congener"
},
{
"word": "dēgener"
},
{
"word": "generālis"
},
{
"word": "generātim"
},
{
"word": "generō"
},
{
"word": "generōsus"
},
{
"word": "genus verbī"
},
{
"word": "suī generis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gens"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: gens",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: gens"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "gins"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: gins",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: gins"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "giens"
},
"expansion": "Old French: giens",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: giens"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": ""
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "جِنْس",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: جِنْس (jins)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: جِنْس (jins)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gènere",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: gènere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: gènere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "genus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: genus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: genus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "genus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: genus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: genus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "genus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: genus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: genus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "genus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: genus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: genus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "xendra",
"3": "xénero",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: xendra, xénero",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: xendra, xénero"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Genus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Genus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Genus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "géineas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: géineas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: géineas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "genere",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: genere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: genere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gendre",
"alt": "gen(d)re",
"bor": "1",
"id": "type"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: gen(d)re",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: gen(d)re (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "genus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: genus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: genus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "género",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: género, gênero (Brazil)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: género, gênero (Brazil)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "gen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: gen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: gen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "género",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: género",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: género"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "genus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: genus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: genus"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*ǵénh₁os>race",
"id": "gender"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*genos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *genos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵénh₁os",
"g": "n",
"t": "race"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os n (“race”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γένος",
"t": "race, stock, kin, kind"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “race, stock, kin, kind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनस्",
"t": "race, class of beings",
"tr": "jánas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit जनस् (jánas, “race, class of beings”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*genos",
"3": "",
"4": "birth; family"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *genos (“birth; family”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kin"
},
"expansion": "English kin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "genea"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of genea",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *genos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os n (“race”), from the root *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, beget”); compare also gēns, gignō and -gnus, from the same root. From the genitive gener-is (< PIE *ǵénh₁es-os), the sound shift -r- < *-s- can be observed, through which the Old Latin form *genes-is can be reconstructed.\nCognates include Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “race, stock, kin, kind”), Sanskrit जनस् (jánas, “race, class of beings”), Proto-Celtic *genos (“birth; family”), and English kin. Doublet of genea.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "generis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "genus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "genera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "generis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "generum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "generī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "generibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "genera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "generibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "genera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "genus/gener<3>"
},
"expansion": "genus n (genitive generis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"sense": "genera nominum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] fēminīnum"
},
{
"sense": "genera nominum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] masculīnum"
},
{
"sense": "genera nominum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] neutrum"
},
{
"sense": "genera nominum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "genus commūne"
},
{
"sense": "genera nominum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "genus omne"
},
{
"sense": "genera verborum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] āctīvum"
},
{
"sense": "genera verborum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] passīvum"
},
{
"sense": "genera verborum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] neutrum"
},
{
"sense": "genera verborum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] commūne"
},
{
"sense": "genera verborum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] dēpōnēns"
},
{
"sense": "genera verborum",
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "[genus] medium"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "genus/gener<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"birth, origin, lineage, descent"
],
"links": [
[
"birth",
"birth"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
],
[
"lineage",
"lineage"
],
[
"descent",
"descent"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "For this class of soldier the senate had established a limit in duration to their military service, which was the same as the men at Cannae.",
"ref": "27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1",
"text": "huic generi militum senatus eundem, quem Cannensibus, finem statuerat militiae."
}
],
"glosses": [
"kind, type, class"
],
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"type",
"type"
],
[
"class",
"class"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "So far does every species on earth of man and beast, / whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged, / collapse into the frenzies and the fire [of sex].",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics III",
"text": "omne adeo genus in terris hominumque ferarumque / et genus aequoreum pecudes pictaeque volucres / in furias ignemque ruunt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"species (of animal or plant), race (of people)"
],
"links": [
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"race",
"race"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"set, group (with common attributes)"
],
"links": [
[
"set",
"set"
],
[
"group",
"group"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"la:Grammar"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Nouns have six genders: masculine, e.g. hic Cato 'this man Cato'; feminine, e.g. haec musa 'this muse'; neuter, e.g. hoc monile 'this necklace'; common to two genders, e.g. hic et haec sacerdos 'this priest or priestess'; of three genders, e.g. hic, et haec, et hoc felix 'this lucky man, woman or thing'; epicene, called promiscous in Latin, e.g. passer 'sparrow', aquila 'eagle'.",
"roman": "Genera nominum sunt sex: masculinum, ut hic Cato; femininum, ut haec musa; neutrum, ut hoc monile; commune duorum generum, ut hic et haec sacerdos: trium generum, ut hic, et haec, et hoc felix; epicoenon, quod Latine promiscuum dicitur, ut passer, aquila.",
"text": "6th century, Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus (attributed): Commentarium de oratione et de octo partibus orationis. In: „Patrologiae cursus completus sive Bibliotheca universalis, integra, uniformis, commoda, oeconomica, omnium ss. patrum, doctorum scriptorumque ecclesiasticorum qui ab aevo apostolico ad innocentii III tempora floruerunt; […] . Series prima, in qua prodeunt patres, doctores scriptoresque ecclesiae latinae a tertulliano ad gregorium magnum. Accurante J.-P. Migne, cursuum completorum in singulos scientiae ecclesiaticae ramos editore. Patrologiae tomus LXX. Cassiodori tomus posterior. – Magni Aurelii Cassiodori senatoris, viri patricii, consularis, et vivariensis abbatis opera omnia in duos tomos distributa, ad fidem manuscriptiorum codicum emendata et aucta, notis, observationibus et indicibus locupletata, praecedente auctoris vita, quae nunc primum in lucem prodit cum dissertatione de ejus monarchatu. Opera et studio J. Garetii monarchi ordinis sancti Benedicti e congregatione sancti mauri. Nobis autem curantibus accesserunt complexiones in epistolas b. Pauli quas edidit et annotavit scipio Maffeius. Tomus posterior. – Parisiis, venit apud editorem, in via dicta d'amboise, près la barriere d'enfer, ou petit-montrouge. 1847“, p. 1225",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Nouns have seven genders. Masculine, which you can precede with hic: hic dominus 'this Lord'. Feminine, which you can precede with haec, e.g. haec musa 'this muse'. Neuter, which you can precede with hoc, e.g. hoc templum 'this temple'. Common, which you can precede with hic and haec: hic & haec sacerdos 'this male or female priest'. Universal, which you can precede with all three of hic, haec, hoc, or which vary in three forms, e.g. hic, haec, hoc felix 'this lucky man, woman, thing', hic bonus, haec bona, hoc bonum 'this good man, good woman, good thing'. Doubtful, which in the orators can be found to be sometimes masculine, sometimes feminine, e.g. hic, vel haec dies 'this day'. Promiscuous, in which a gender appears instead of another, e.g. hic passer 'this sparrow' (always masculine), haec aquila 'this eagle' (always feminine), hic lepus 'this rabbit' (always masculine).",
"ref": "16th century, Andreas Semperius (a.k.a. Andreas Sampere, Andreu Sempere): Andreae Semperii Valentini Alcodiani, doctoris medici, prima grammaticae latinae institutio tribus libris explicata, Majorca/Mallorca, 1819, p.19",
"text": "Genera nominum, septem sunt. Masculinum, cui praeponitur hic: ut hic Dominus. Foemineum, cui praeponitur haec: ut haec musa. Neutrum, cui praeponuntur hoc: ut hoc templum. Commune, cui praeponuntur hic, & haec: ut hic, & haec Sacerdos. Omne, cui praeponuntur hic, haec, hoc, vel per tres varias voces inflectitur: ut hic, haec, hoc felix, bonus, bona, bonum. Dubium, quod modo masculinum, modo faemineum, apud Oratores etiam invenitur: ut hic, vel haec dies. Promiscuum, in quo sexus uterque per alterum apparet: ut hic passer, haec aquila, hic lepus.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gender"
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"gender",
"gender"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) gender"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"la:Grammar"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "How many types of verbs are there? Five. Which ones? Active, passive, neuter, deponent, common.",
"ref": "Aelius Donatus, Ars Minor De Verbo",
"text": "Genera verborum quot sunt? Quinque. Quae? Activa passiva neutra deponentia communia."
},
{
"english": "There are five types of verbs: active, passive, neuter, common, deponent.",
"ref": "Maurus Servius Honoratus, Commentarius in Artem Donati",
"text": "Verborum genera quinque sunt, activa passiva neutra communia deponentia."
}
],
"glosses": [
"subtype of word"
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"subtype",
"subtype"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) subtype of word"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡe.nus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɛnʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒe.nus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ʒɛːnus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:la:Genus (discretiva)"
],
"word": "genus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Collectives"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "genūs",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "genūs"
},
"expansion": "genūs",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "genū"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of genū"
],
"links": [
[
"genū",
"genu#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡe.nuːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɛnuːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒe.nus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd͡ʒɛːnus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:la:Genus (discretiva)"
],
"word": "genus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for genus meaning in Latin (16.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.