See thorn on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bastard umbrella thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "blackthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "boxthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buckthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buffalo thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "camelthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Christ's thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crucifixion thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "desert-thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Egyptian thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "every rose has a thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "every rose has its thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fairy thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "firethorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "garland thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "giraffe thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Glastonbury thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "goat's thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hookthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Jerusalem thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Karoo thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "knobthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "maythorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "monkey thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Mysore thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "no rose without a thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Osage thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sandthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "September thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweet thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn apple"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn-apple crystal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornback"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornbill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornbird"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Calicotome spp.",
"word": "thorn broom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornbush"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn cluster"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Moloch horridus",
"word": "thorn devil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornfish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn forest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornhead"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornhog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Centrotus cornutus",
"word": "thorn hopper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn in one's side"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn in someone's side"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn in the flesh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornlet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornlike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornproof"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorntail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Thornton"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn-tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornveld"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "umbrella thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whitethorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yellowthorn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "toarn"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian toarn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Doorn"
},
"expansion": "Low German Doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish torn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"3": "",
"4": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cierń"
},
"expansion": "Polish cierń",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "taňi"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri taňi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"t": "grass",
"tr": "tṛ́ṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thorn, þorn, from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).\nCognates\nNear cognates include West Frisian toarn, Low German Doorn, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, Danish and Norwegian torn, Swedish torn, törne, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). Further cognates include Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Russian тёрн (tjorn), Polish cierń, Kamkata-viri taňi, tai (“thorn”), Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thorns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thorn (plural thorns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 22 12 4 29 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plant anatomy",
"orig": "en:Plant anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A modified branch that is hard and sharp like a spike."
],
"id": "en-thorn-en-noun-SRPKIlPp",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A modified branch that is hard and sharp like a spike."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 22 12 4 29 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plant anatomy",
"orig": "en:Plant anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
124,
130
]
],
"ref": "1895, J[ohn] W[esley] Powell, chapter I, in Canyons of the Colorado, Meadville, PA: Flood & Vincent; republished as The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons, New York: Dover, 1961, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 22:",
"text": "On the mountains a few junipers and piñons are found, and cactuses, agave, and yuccas, low, fleshy plants with bayonets and thorns.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any thorn-like structure on plants, such as the spine and the prickle."
],
"id": "en-thorn-en-noun-1deRjn6J",
"links": [
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"prickle",
"prickle"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 22 12 4 29 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plant anatomy",
"orig": "en:Plant anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"text": "the white thorn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"text": "the cockspur thorn",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any shrub or small tree that bears thorns, especially a hawthorn."
],
"id": "en-thorn-en-noun-FM3nLkME",
"links": [
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 16 71 1 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "trǎn",
"sense": "any shrub or small tree that bears thorns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трън"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 71 1 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "any shrub or small tree that bears thorns",
"word": "piikkipensas"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 71 1 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jīngjí",
"sense": "any shrub or small tree that bears thorns",
"word": "荊棘 /荆棘"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
29
]
],
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 12:7:",
"text": "There was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet me.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"ref": "1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:",
"text": "The guilt of empire, all its thorns and cares, / Be only mine.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"That which pricks or annoys; anything troublesome."
],
"id": "en-thorn-en-noun--TY6ii32",
"links": [
[
"prick",
"prick"
],
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) That which pricks or annoys; anything troublesome."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 7 7 77 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "trǎn",
"sense": "figuratively: that which pricks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трън"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 7 77 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "figuratively: that which pricks",
"word": "piikki"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 7 77 6",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "skólops",
"sense": "figuratively: that which pricks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σκόλοψ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 9 8 2 59 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 11 7 40 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 7 3 31 5 14 10 3 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 8 2 29 5 16 12 2 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Abaza translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 10 4 58 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 9 7 48 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 10 10 5 50 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 10 5 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Archi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aromanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Assamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Avar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 11 6 52 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aymara translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 9 4 61 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bangi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 6 48 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 1 72 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bikol Central translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 6 48 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 11 8 4 50 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 53 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cebuano translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 1 74 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 11 6 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Melanau translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 11 6 52 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chamicuro translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 53 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cornish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 8 46 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 4 55 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 3 62 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 12 8 41 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 10 9 5 52 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 53 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Egyptian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 10 5 53 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 6 48 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 53 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 6 48 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 12 7 42 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Friulian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 11 6 47 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 9 5 56 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 10 5 50 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 13 10 6 40 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 52 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 6 45 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 3 62 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Higaonon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 11 6 52 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hiligaynon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 8 4 60 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 12 9 5 46 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 3 72 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 6 48 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 4 61 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 11 10 5 48 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 12 11 6 45 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 11 6 52 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Jarai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 11 6 52 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Javanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 6 47 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kamkata-viri translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 11 6 52 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kikuyu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 10 4 55 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Laki translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 15 15 4 46 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latgalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 7 3 69 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 6 48 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lezgi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 2 78 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lingala translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 6 48 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 10 10 7 49 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 10 5 53 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luhya translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 6 48 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 53 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manchu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 13 9 5 43 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 4 59 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maranao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 16 16 4 44 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 6 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 8 5 59 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with North Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 2 68 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 1 78 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 11 6 45 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 8 2 67 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 6 47 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 1 85 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 8 6 62 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Javanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 7 4 63 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Paiwan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 6 46 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Pashto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 55 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 11 6 52 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polabian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 11 7 44 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 10 9 5 52 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 11 6 52 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Quechua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 6 48 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 10 5 53 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romansch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 6 46 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 11 6 52 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Saho translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 6 48 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Samoan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 6 45 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 53 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sardinian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 53 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 6 48 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Somali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 4 1 81 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Southern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 10 5 52 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sundanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 11 6 52 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 9 5 55 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 52 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tahitian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 10 5 51 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tausug translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 11 6 52 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 13 13 4 51 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 6 48 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tongan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 9 5 55 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 53 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 54 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 11 5 51 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 9 6 56 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 9 4 58 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 9 4 58 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Woiwurrung translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 5 53 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 11 6 52 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zande translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 9 4 58 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zyphe translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 13 5 45 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with ǃXóõ translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 5 6 62 16",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Latin letter names",
"orig": "en:Latin letter names",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 22 12 4 29 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plant anatomy",
"orig": "en:Plant anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 14 9 6 39 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pome fruits",
"orig": "en:Pome fruits",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 45 22",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Runic letter names",
"orig": "en:Runic letter names",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"ref": "1985, Robert Burchfield, The English Language, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 175:",
"text": "In Old English manuscripts thorn and eth did not have different phonetic values but were used positionally[.]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "See also Etymology of ye (definite article)."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A letter of Latin script (capital: Þ, small: þ), borrowed from the futhark; today used only in Icelandic to represent the voiceless dental fricative, but originally used in several early Germanic scripts, including Old English where it represented the dental fricatives that are today written th (Old English did not have phonemic voicing distinctions for fricatives)."
],
"id": "en-thorn-en-noun-39OkbCmD",
"links": [
[
"Latin script",
"Latin script"
],
[
"Þ",
"Þ"
],
[
"þ",
"þ"
],
[
"futhark",
"futhark"
],
[
"Old English",
"Old English"
],
[
"phonemic",
"phonemic"
],
[
"voicing",
"voicing"
],
[
"fricative",
"fricative"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 96",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 96",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 96",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "dorno"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 96",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 96",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 96",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 96",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 96",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "son",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "손"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 96",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 96",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 96",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 96",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "торн"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 96",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 96",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "ba"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 96",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 96",
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"lang_code": "nmn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "gǃhàã"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg/En-uk-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoɹn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[θo̞ɹn]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg/En-us-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːɹn/",
"note": "rhotic"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"note": "non-rhotic"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "abq",
"lang": "Abaza",
"lang_code": "abq",
"roman": "mɣə",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "мгъы"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "aa",
"lang": "Afar",
"lang_code": "aa",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "keena"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ferrë"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "thumb"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ʔasala",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "أَسَلَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "šawka",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "شَوْكَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "arz",
"roman": "šōk",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"collective",
"masculine"
],
"word": "شوك"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "arz",
"roman": "šōka",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine",
"singulative"
],
"word": "شوكة"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "aqc",
"lang": "Archi",
"lang_code": "aqc",
"roman": "cac",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "цац"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "pʻuš",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "փուշ"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "schin"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"lang_code": "as",
"roman": "kãit",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "কাঁইট"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"lang_code": "as",
"roman": "kõta",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "কঁটা"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "av",
"lang": "Avar",
"lang_code": "av",
"roman": "zaz",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "заз"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ay",
"lang": "Aymara",
"lang_code": "ay",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ch'aphi"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tikan"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "bni",
"lang": "Bangi",
"lang_code": "bni",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "losende"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "arantza"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "elorri"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"lang_code": "bcl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "trǎn",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трън"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bodil",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бодил"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"lang_code": "my",
"roman": "hcu:",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ဆူး"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "aculi"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "espina"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "eculi"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "agulló"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "fibló"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "mel",
"lang": "Central Melanau",
"lang_code": "mel",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "duwei"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"lang_code": "ccc",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "kajpayi"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "zhīcì",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "枝刺"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jīngcì",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "莖刺 /茎刺"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "cì",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "刺"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dren"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trn"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "osten"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spaina"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "doorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"lang_code": "egy",
"roman": "srt",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "s-r:*t-M44"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "dorno"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "astel"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "okas"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "oga"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tornur"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "piikki"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "oka"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ora"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ota"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "oas"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "épine"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spine"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "spin"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espiña"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sevia"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "áscura"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espunlla"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puga"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "eḳali",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ეკალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "agkáthi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "αγκάθι"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "ákantha",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἄκανθα"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"lang_code": "haw",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "kākala"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "shayit",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שַׁיִת"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "kotz",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קֹוץ"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"lang_code": "mba",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "dugi"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "kā̃ṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "काँटा"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tüske"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tövis"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dealg"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "aculeo"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"alt": "とげ, toge, いら, ira",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "刺"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "棘"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "茨"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "荊"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "jra",
"lang": "Jarai",
"lang_code": "jra",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "drơi"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"roman": "eri",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ꦲꦼꦫꦶ"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "bsh",
"lang": "Kamkata-vari",
"lang_code": "bsh",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"Kamviri"
],
"word": "taňí"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "duwi"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "duyi"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "bɑnlaa",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "បន្លា"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ki",
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"lang_code": "ki",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-3"
],
"word": "mũigua"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "gasi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "가시"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "dirrû",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "دِڕوو"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "lki",
"lang": "Laki",
"lang_code": "lki",
"roman": "dirrk",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "دِڕک"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "strî"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "dirrî"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "sdh",
"roman": "dirrig",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "دِڕِگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"lang_code": "lo",
"roman": "nām",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ໜາມ"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ierškiezs"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spīna"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ērkšķis"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dzelonis"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "lez",
"lang": "Lezgi",
"lang_code": "lez",
"roman": "caz",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "цаз"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ln",
"lang": "Lingala",
"lang_code": "ln",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "losende"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "rakis"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Doorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "luy",
"lang": "Luhya",
"lang_code": "luy",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "kumwiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "trn",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трн"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"roman": "bula",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ᠪᡠᠯᠠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"roman": "saihūwa",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ᠰᠠᡳᡥᡡᠸᠠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tara"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ngita"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"roman": "kaṇṭak",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कंटक"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"roman": "kāṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "काटा"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "mrw",
"lang": "Maranao",
"lang_code": "mrw",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tenek"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "mnw",
"lang": "Mon",
"lang_code": "mnw",
"roman": "həlɛ̀ˀ",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ဓလ"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"lang_code": "zdj",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8"
],
"word": "shiɓa"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "frr",
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"Sylt",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tuurn"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "nod",
"lang": "Northern Thai",
"lang_code": "nod",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ᩉ᩠ᨶᩣ᩠ᨾ"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espina"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "kaw",
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"lang_code": "kaw",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "kaw",
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"lang_code": "kaw",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "rwi"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "diken",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "دیكن"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "pwn",
"lang": "Paiwan",
"lang_code": "pwn",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "djui"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"lang_code": "ps",
"roman": "aγzai",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اغزی"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "xâr",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "خار"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "ġaž",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "غاژ"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dren"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kolec"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cierń"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "espinho"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "acúleo"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "t'uksi"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "kichka"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "kaşa"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "spin"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ghimpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spegna"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "šip",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шип"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "koljúčka",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "колю́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ssy",
"lang": "Saho",
"lang_code": "ssy",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "keena"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "sm",
"lang": "Samoan",
"lang_code": "sm",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tala"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "kaṇṭaka",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "कण्टक"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ispina"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stob"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "droigheann"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dealg"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trn"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tŕň"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pichliač"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "osteň"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "so",
"lang": "Somali",
"lang_code": "so",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "qodax"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espina"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puncha"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pincha"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "es",
"english": "small",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translation": "small",
"word": "aguate / ahuate / afate / guate"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "es",
"english": "small, Americanism",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translation": "small, Americanism",
"word": "ajuate / uguate / huate"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"lang_code": "su",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "rucuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4"
],
"word": "mwiba"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "törne"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tinik"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ty",
"lang": "Tahitian",
"lang_code": "ty",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tara"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "tsg",
"lang": "Tausug",
"lang_code": "tsg",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tunuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"roman": "mullu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ముల్లు"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"roman": "kaṇṭakamu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "కంటకము"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "nǎam",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "หนาม"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "to",
"lang": "Tongan",
"lang_code": "to",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tala"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "diken"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "koljúčka",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "колю́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "kā̃ṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "کانٹا"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tikon"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "gai"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "draenen"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "toarne"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "mbb",
"lang": "Western Bukidnon Manobo",
"lang_code": "mbb",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "duɣi"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "dorn",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "דאָרן"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "zne",
"lang": "Zande",
"lang_code": "zne",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "kiwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "zyp",
"lang": "Zyphe",
"lang_code": "zyp",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "hling"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 48 10 0 0",
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"lang_code": "nmn",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "gǃqhàẽ"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "toarn"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian toarn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Doorn"
},
"expansion": "Low German Doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish torn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"3": "",
"4": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cierń"
},
"expansion": "Polish cierń",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "taňi"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri taňi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"t": "grass",
"tr": "tṛ́ṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thorn, þorn, from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).\nCognates\nNear cognates include West Frisian toarn, Low German Doorn, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, Danish and Norwegian torn, Swedish torn, törne, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). Further cognates include Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Russian тёрн (tjorn), Polish cierń, Kamkata-viri taňi, tai (“thorn”), Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thorns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thorning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thorn (third-person singular simple present thorns, present participle thorning, simple past and past participle thorned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
68
]
],
"ref": "1869, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Old Town Folks:",
"text": "[…] human nature is, above all things, lazy, and needs to be thorned and goaded up those heights where it ought to fly.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Scott D. Zachary, Scorn This, page 175:",
"text": "Even Judge Bradley's callused sentiments were thorned by the narration of Jaclyn's journals.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pierce with, or as if with, a thorn (sharp pointed object)."
],
"id": "en-thorn-en-verb-PMwO2~hH",
"links": [
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
],
[
"thorn",
"#Noun"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "eth"
},
{
"word": "edh"
},
{
"word": "eð"
},
{
"word": "ð"
},
{
"word": "wynn"
},
{
"word": "wen"
},
{
"word": "ƿ"
},
{
"word": "ᚦ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "shpoj"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "boda",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "бода"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "espiñar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "espinhar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg/En-uk-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoɹn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[θo̞ɹn]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg/En-us-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːɹn/",
"note": "rhotic"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"note": "non-rhotic"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hawthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thevethorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornbak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornetre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorny"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "torn"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "thoornes"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "thorns"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "thurns"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English þorn",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thornes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thron",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thurne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þorn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þorne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þron",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "thorn",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thornes"
},
"expansion": "thorn (plural thornes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 23 7 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 30 23 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 21 5 6 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "enm:Foods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 27 5 6 24",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Shrubs",
"orig": "enm:Shrubs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
47
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
37,
43
]
],
"english": "Then Jesus exited wearing a crown of thorns and purple clothing, and [Pilate] said to them, \"See, the man!\"",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 19:5, folio 53, verso, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "and ſo ıḣc wente out berynge a crowne of þoꝛnes ⁊ a clooþ of purpur / And he ſeiþ to hem / lo þe man",
"translation": "Then Jesus exited wearing a crown of thorns and purple clothing, and [Pilate] said to them, \"See, the man!\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thorn (spine on a plant with a sharp point)"
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-cOguSMYX",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 11 30 23 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 21 5 6 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "enm:Foods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 39 16 25 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Letter names",
"orig": "enm:Letter names",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thorn or eth (the letter þ and/or ð)"
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-dFwDCNAd",
"links": [
[
"Thorn",
"thorn#English"
],
[
"eth",
"eth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 11 30 23 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A plant having thorns, especially the hawthorn or rosebush."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-kl2mG8B7",
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
],
[
"rosebush",
"rosebush"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 11 30 23 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 22 35 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 13 28 20",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "enm:Trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 14 16 50 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "enm:Woods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-bCyoUKEK",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 21 5 6 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "enm:Foods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-Kp-9mzov",
"links": [
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoːrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θrɔn/"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "dorn"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "doren"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "dorn"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "dorn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "dorn"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "doren"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "dorn"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "dōorn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "dorn"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "doren"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "dorn"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "dōren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þurnu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurnu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnuz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þurnu, *þorn from Proto-Germanic *þurnuz, *þurnaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "odt-decl-noun-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thurni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thurni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thurnis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thorno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thurni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "odt-decl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thorna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thorna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thornes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thorno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "thorn m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "thorn m",
"name": "odt-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thorn",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "odt-decl-noun-u"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thorn",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "odt-decl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorn, spine of a plant"
],
"id": "en-thorn-odt-noun-CvsAH6C9",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Däörn"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Doorn"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Dorn"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Durn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "dōrn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þornu",
"t": "thorn, sloe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þornu (“thorn, sloe”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "English thorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German thorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "törne"
},
"expansion": "Swedish törne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"sc": "Cyrs"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн",
"3": "",
"4": "sloe, blackthorn"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn, “sloe, blackthorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"3": "",
"4": "grass"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þornu (“thorn, sloe”).\nCognates\nGermanic cognates include Old English þorn (English thorn), Dutch doorn, Old High German thorn (German Dorn), Old Norse þorn (Swedish törne), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). The Indo-European root is also the source of Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ) (Russian тёрн (tjorn, “sloe, blackthorn”)), Sanskrit तृण (tṛṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thornes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "thorn m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "thorn m",
"name": "osx-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thorn"
},
"name": "osx-decl-noun-a-m"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorn; thorny bush"
],
"id": "en-thorn-osx-noun-E19hIfNV",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Afrikaans translations",
"Requests for review of Albanian translations",
"Requests for review of Crimean Tatar translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Icelandic translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Romanian translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"Terms with Abaza translations",
"Terms with Afar translations",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Archi translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Avar translations",
"Terms with Aymara translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bangi translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bikol Central translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Central Melanau translations",
"Terms with Chamicuro translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Egyptian translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Higaonon translations",
"Terms with Hiligaynon translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Jarai translations",
"Terms with Javanese translations",
"Terms with Kamkata-viri translations",
"Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Kikuyu translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Laki translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lezgi translations",
"Terms with Lingala translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Luhya translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Maranao translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Mon translations",
"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"Terms with North Frisian translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Northern Thai translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old Javanese translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Paiwan translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polabian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Romansch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Saho translations",
"Terms with Samoan translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Somali translations",
"Terms with Southern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sundanese translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tahitian translations",
"Terms with Tausug translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tongan translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations",
"Terms with Woiwurrung translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Zande translations",
"Terms with Zyphe translations",
"Terms with ǃXóõ translations",
"en:Latin letter names",
"en:Plant anatomy",
"en:Pome fruits",
"en:Runic letter names"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bastard umbrella thorn"
},
{
"word": "blackthorn"
},
{
"word": "boxthorn"
},
{
"word": "buckthorn"
},
{
"word": "buffalo thorn"
},
{
"word": "camelthorn"
},
{
"word": "Christ's thorn"
},
{
"word": "crucifixion thorn"
},
{
"word": "desert-thorn"
},
{
"word": "Egyptian thorn"
},
{
"word": "every rose has a thorn"
},
{
"word": "every rose has its thorn"
},
{
"word": "fairy thorn"
},
{
"word": "firethorn"
},
{
"word": "garland thorn"
},
{
"word": "giraffe thorn"
},
{
"word": "Glastonbury thorn"
},
{
"word": "goat's thorn"
},
{
"word": "hookthorn"
},
{
"word": "Jerusalem thorn"
},
{
"word": "Karoo thorn"
},
{
"word": "knobthorn"
},
{
"word": "maythorn"
},
{
"word": "monkey thorn"
},
{
"word": "Mysore thorn"
},
{
"word": "no rose without a thorn"
},
{
"word": "Osage thorn"
},
{
"word": "sandthorn"
},
{
"word": "September thorn"
},
{
"word": "sweet thorn"
},
{
"word": "thorn apple"
},
{
"word": "thorn-apple crystal"
},
{
"word": "thornback"
},
{
"word": "thornbill"
},
{
"word": "thornbird"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Calicotome spp.",
"word": "thorn broom"
},
{
"word": "thornbush"
},
{
"word": "thorn cluster"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Moloch horridus",
"word": "thorn devil"
},
{
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"word": "thornery"
},
{
"word": "thornfish"
},
{
"word": "thorn forest"
},
{
"word": "thornhead"
},
{
"word": "thornhog"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Centrotus cornutus",
"word": "thorn hopper"
},
{
"word": "thorn in one's side"
},
{
"word": "thorn in someone's side"
},
{
"word": "thorn in the flesh"
},
{
"word": "thornless"
},
{
"word": "thornlet"
},
{
"word": "thornlike"
},
{
"word": "thornproof"
},
{
"word": "thorntail"
},
{
"word": "Thornton"
},
{
"word": "thorn-tree"
},
{
"word": "thorn tree"
},
{
"word": "thornveld"
},
{
"word": "thorny"
},
{
"word": "umbrella thorn"
},
{
"word": "whitethorn"
},
{
"word": "yellowthorn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "toarn"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian toarn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Doorn"
},
"expansion": "Low German Doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish torn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"3": "",
"4": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cierń"
},
"expansion": "Polish cierń",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "taňi"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri taňi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"t": "grass",
"tr": "tṛ́ṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thorn, þorn, from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).\nCognates\nNear cognates include West Frisian toarn, Low German Doorn, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, Danish and Norwegian torn, Swedish torn, törne, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). Further cognates include Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Russian тёрн (tjorn), Polish cierń, Kamkata-viri taňi, tai (“thorn”), Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thorns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thorn (plural thorns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"A modified branch that is hard and sharp like a spike."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A modified branch that is hard and sharp like a spike."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
124,
130
]
],
"ref": "1895, J[ohn] W[esley] Powell, chapter I, in Canyons of the Colorado, Meadville, PA: Flood & Vincent; republished as The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons, New York: Dover, 1961, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 22:",
"text": "On the mountains a few junipers and piñons are found, and cactuses, agave, and yuccas, low, fleshy plants with bayonets and thorns.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any thorn-like structure on plants, such as the spine and the prickle."
],
"links": [
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"prickle",
"prickle"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"text": "the white thorn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
18
]
],
"text": "the cockspur thorn",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any shrub or small tree that bears thorns, especially a hawthorn."
],
"links": [
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
29
]
],
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 12:7:",
"text": "There was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet me.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"ref": "1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:",
"text": "The guilt of empire, all its thorns and cares, / Be only mine.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"That which pricks or annoys; anything troublesome."
],
"links": [
[
"prick",
"prick"
],
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) That which pricks or annoys; anything troublesome."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"ref": "1985, Robert Burchfield, The English Language, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 175:",
"text": "In Old English manuscripts thorn and eth did not have different phonetic values but were used positionally[.]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "See also Etymology of ye (definite article)."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A letter of Latin script (capital: Þ, small: þ), borrowed from the futhark; today used only in Icelandic to represent the voiceless dental fricative, but originally used in several early Germanic scripts, including Old English where it represented the dental fricatives that are today written th (Old English did not have phonemic voicing distinctions for fricatives)."
],
"links": [
[
"Latin script",
"Latin script"
],
[
"Þ",
"Þ"
],
[
"þ",
"þ"
],
[
"futhark",
"futhark"
],
[
"Old English",
"Old English"
],
[
"phonemic",
"phonemic"
],
[
"voicing",
"voicing"
],
[
"fricative",
"fricative"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg/En-uk-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoɹn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[θo̞ɹn]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg/En-us-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːɹn/",
"note": "rhotic"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"note": "non-rhotic"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "abq",
"lang": "Abaza",
"lang_code": "abq",
"roman": "mɣə",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "мгъы"
},
{
"code": "aa",
"lang": "Afar",
"lang_code": "aa",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "keena"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ferrë"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "thumb"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ʔasala",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "أَسَلَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "šawka",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "شَوْكَة"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "arz",
"roman": "šōk",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"collective",
"masculine"
],
"word": "شوك"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "arz",
"roman": "šōka",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine",
"singulative"
],
"word": "شوكة"
},
{
"code": "aqc",
"lang": "Archi",
"lang_code": "aqc",
"roman": "cac",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "цац"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "pʻuš",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "փուշ"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "schin"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"lang_code": "as",
"roman": "kãit",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "কাঁইট"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"lang_code": "as",
"roman": "kõta",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "কঁটা"
},
{
"code": "av",
"lang": "Avar",
"lang_code": "av",
"roman": "zaz",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "заз"
},
{
"code": "ay",
"lang": "Aymara",
"lang_code": "ay",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ch'aphi"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tikan"
},
{
"code": "bni",
"lang": "Bangi",
"lang_code": "bni",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "losende"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "arantza"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "elorri"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"lang_code": "bcl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "trǎn",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трън"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bodil",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бодил"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"lang_code": "my",
"roman": "hcu:",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ဆူး"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "aculi"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "espina"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "eculi"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "agulló"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "fibló"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"code": "mel",
"lang": "Central Melanau",
"lang_code": "mel",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "duwei"
},
{
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"lang_code": "ccc",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "kajpayi"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "zhīcì",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "枝刺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jīngcì",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "莖刺 /茎刺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "cì",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "刺"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dren"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trn"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "osten"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spaina"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "doorn"
},
{
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"lang_code": "egy",
"roman": "srt",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "s-r:*t-M44"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "dorno"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "astel"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "okas"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "oga"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tornur"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "piikki"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "oka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ora"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ota"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "oas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "épine"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spine"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "spin"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espiña"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sevia"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "áscura"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espunlla"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puga"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "eḳali",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ეკალი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dorn"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "agkáthi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "αγκάθι"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "ákantha",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἄκανθα"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"lang_code": "haw",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "kākala"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "shayit",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שַׁיִת"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "kotz",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קֹוץ"
},
{
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"lang_code": "mba",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "dugi"
},
{
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "kā̃ṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "काँटा"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tüske"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tövis"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dealg"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "aculeo"
},
{
"alt": "とげ, toge, いら, ira",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "刺"
},
{
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "棘"
},
{
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "茨"
},
{
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "荊"
},
{
"code": "jra",
"lang": "Jarai",
"lang_code": "jra",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "drơi"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"roman": "eri",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ꦲꦼꦫꦶ"
},
{
"code": "bsh",
"lang": "Kamkata-vari",
"lang_code": "bsh",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"Kamviri"
],
"word": "taňí"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "duwi"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "duyi"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "bɑnlaa",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "បន្លា"
},
{
"code": "ki",
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"lang_code": "ki",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-3"
],
"word": "mũigua"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "gasi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "가시"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "dirrû",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "دِڕوو"
},
{
"code": "lki",
"lang": "Laki",
"lang_code": "lki",
"roman": "dirrk",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "دِڕک"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "strî"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "dirrî"
},
{
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "sdh",
"roman": "dirrig",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "دِڕِگ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"lang_code": "lo",
"roman": "nām",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ໜາມ"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ierškiezs"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spīna"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ērkšķis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dzelonis"
},
{
"code": "lez",
"lang": "Lezgi",
"lang_code": "lez",
"roman": "caz",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "цаз"
},
{
"code": "ln",
"lang": "Lingala",
"lang_code": "ln",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "losende"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "rakis"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Doorn"
},
{
"code": "luy",
"lang": "Luhya",
"lang_code": "luy",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "kumwiva"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "trn",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трн"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"roman": "bula",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ᠪᡠᠯᠠ"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"roman": "saihūwa",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ᠰᠠᡳᡥᡡᠸᠠ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tara"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ngita"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"roman": "kaṇṭak",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कंटक"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"roman": "kāṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "काटा"
},
{
"code": "mrw",
"lang": "Maranao",
"lang_code": "mrw",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tenek"
},
{
"code": "mnw",
"lang": "Mon",
"lang_code": "mnw",
"roman": "həlɛ̀ˀ",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ဓလ"
},
{
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"lang_code": "zdj",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8"
],
"word": "shiɓa"
},
{
"code": "frr",
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"Sylt",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tuurn"
},
{
"code": "nod",
"lang": "Northern Thai",
"lang_code": "nod",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ᩉ᩠ᨶᩣ᩠ᨾ"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espina"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"code": "kaw",
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"lang_code": "kaw",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"code": "kaw",
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"lang_code": "kaw",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "rwi"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "diken",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "دیكن"
},
{
"code": "pwn",
"lang": "Paiwan",
"lang_code": "pwn",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "djui"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"lang_code": "ps",
"roman": "aγzai",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اغزی"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "xâr",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "خار"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "ġaž",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "غاژ"
},
{
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dren"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kolec"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cierń"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "espinho"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "acúleo"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "t'uksi"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "kichka"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "kaşa"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "spin"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ghimpe"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spegna"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "šip",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шип"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "koljúčka",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "колю́чка"
},
{
"code": "ssy",
"lang": "Saho",
"lang_code": "ssy",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "keena"
},
{
"code": "sm",
"lang": "Samoan",
"lang_code": "sm",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tala"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "kaṇṭaka",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "कण्टक"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ispina"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stob"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "droigheann"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dealg"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trn"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tŕň"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pichliač"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "osteň"
},
{
"code": "so",
"lang": "Somali",
"lang_code": "so",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "qodax"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puncha"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pincha"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "small",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translation": "small",
"word": "aguate / ahuate / afate / guate"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "small, Americanism",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translation": "small, Americanism",
"word": "ajuate / uguate / huate"
},
{
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"lang_code": "su",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "rucuk"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4"
],
"word": "mwiba"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "törne"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tinik"
},
{
"code": "ty",
"lang": "Tahitian",
"lang_code": "ty",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tara"
},
{
"code": "tsg",
"lang": "Tausug",
"lang_code": "tsg",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tunuk"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"roman": "mullu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "ముల్లు"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"roman": "kaṇṭakamu",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "కంటకము"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "nǎam",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "หนาม"
},
{
"code": "to",
"lang": "Tongan",
"lang_code": "to",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tala"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "diken"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "koljúčka",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "колю́чка"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "kā̃ṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "کانٹا"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "tikon"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "gai"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "draenen"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "toarne"
},
{
"code": "mbb",
"lang": "Western Bukidnon Manobo",
"lang_code": "mbb",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "duɣi"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "dorn",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "דאָרן"
},
{
"code": "zne",
"lang": "Zande",
"lang_code": "zne",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "kiwe"
},
{
"code": "zyp",
"lang": "Zyphe",
"lang_code": "zyp",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "hling"
},
{
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"lang_code": "nmn",
"sense": "sharp protective structure of a plant",
"word": "gǃqhàẽ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "trǎn",
"sense": "any shrub or small tree that bears thorns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трън"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "any shrub or small tree that bears thorns",
"word": "piikkipensas"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jīngjí",
"sense": "any shrub or small tree that bears thorns",
"word": "荊棘 /荆棘"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "trǎn",
"sense": "figuratively: that which pricks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трън"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "figuratively: that which pricks",
"word": "piikki"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "skólops",
"sense": "figuratively: that which pricks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σκόλοψ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "dorno"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "son",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "손"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "торн"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "ba"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"lang_code": "nmn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "gǃhàã"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Afrikaans translations",
"Requests for review of Albanian translations",
"Requests for review of Crimean Tatar translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Icelandic translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Romanian translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"Terms with Abaza translations",
"Terms with Afar translations",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Archi translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Avar translations",
"Terms with Aymara translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bangi translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bikol Central translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Central Melanau translations",
"Terms with Chamicuro translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Egyptian translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Higaonon translations",
"Terms with Hiligaynon translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Jarai translations",
"Terms with Javanese translations",
"Terms with Kamkata-viri translations",
"Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Kikuyu translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Laki translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lezgi translations",
"Terms with Lingala translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Luhya translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Maranao translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Mon translations",
"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"Terms with North Frisian translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Northern Thai translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old Javanese translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Paiwan translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polabian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Romansch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Saho translations",
"Terms with Samoan translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Somali translations",
"Terms with Southern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sundanese translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tahitian translations",
"Terms with Tausug translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tongan translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations",
"Terms with Woiwurrung translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Zande translations",
"Terms with Zyphe translations",
"Terms with ǃXóõ translations",
"en:Latin letter names",
"en:Plant anatomy",
"en:Pome fruits",
"en:Runic letter names"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "toarn"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian toarn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Doorn"
},
"expansion": "Low German Doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish torn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"3": "",
"4": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cierń"
},
"expansion": "Polish cierń",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "taňi"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri taňi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"t": "grass",
"tr": "tṛ́ṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thorn, þorn, from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).\nCognates\nNear cognates include West Frisian toarn, Low German Doorn, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, Danish and Norwegian torn, Swedish torn, törne, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). Further cognates include Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Russian тёрн (tjorn), Polish cierń, Kamkata-viri taňi, tai (“thorn”), Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thorns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thorning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thorn (third-person singular simple present thorns, present participle thorning, simple past and past participle thorned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "eth"
},
{
"word": "edh"
},
{
"word": "eð"
},
{
"word": "ð"
},
{
"word": "wynn"
},
{
"word": "wen"
},
{
"word": "ƿ"
},
{
"word": "ᚦ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
68
]
],
"ref": "1869, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Old Town Folks:",
"text": "[…] human nature is, above all things, lazy, and needs to be thorned and goaded up those heights where it ought to fly.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Scott D. Zachary, Scorn This, page 175:",
"text": "Even Judge Bradley's callused sentiments were thorned by the narration of Jaclyn's journals.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pierce with, or as if with, a thorn (sharp pointed object)."
],
"links": [
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
],
[
"thorn",
"#Noun"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg/En-uk-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoɹn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[θo̞ɹn]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg/En-us-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːɹn/",
"note": "rhotic"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"note": "non-rhotic"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "shpoj"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "boda",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "бода"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "espiñar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "espinhar"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Foods",
"enm:Letter names",
"enm:Plants",
"enm:Shrubs",
"enm:Trees",
"enm:Woods"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hawthorn"
},
{
"word": "thevethorn"
},
{
"word": "thornbak"
},
{
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"word": "thornetre"
},
{
"word": "thorny"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "torn"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "thoornes"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "thorns"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "thurns"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English þorn",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thornes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thron",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thurne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þorn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þorne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þron",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "thorn",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thornes"
},
"expansion": "thorn (plural thornes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
47
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
37,
43
]
],
"english": "Then Jesus exited wearing a crown of thorns and purple clothing, and [Pilate] said to them, \"See, the man!\"",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 19:5, folio 53, verso, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "and ſo ıḣc wente out berynge a crowne of þoꝛnes ⁊ a clooþ of purpur / And he ſeiþ to hem / lo þe man",
"translation": "Then Jesus exited wearing a crown of thorns and purple clothing, and [Pilate] said to them, \"See, the man!\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thorn (spine on a plant with a sharp point)"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Thorn or eth (the letter þ and/or ð)"
],
"links": [
[
"Thorn",
"thorn#English"
],
[
"eth",
"eth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A plant having thorns, especially the hawthorn or rosebush."
],
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
],
[
"rosebush",
"rosebush"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"links": [
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoːrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θrɔn/"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "dorn"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "doren"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "dorn"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "dorn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "dorn"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "doren"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "dorn"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "dōorn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "dorn"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "doren"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "dorn"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "doorn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "dōren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þurnu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurnu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnuz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þurnu, *þorn from Proto-Germanic *þurnuz, *þurnaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "odt-decl-noun-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thurni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thurni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thurnis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thorno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thurni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "odt-decl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thorna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thorna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thornes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thorno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "thorn m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "thorn m",
"name": "odt-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thorn",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "odt-decl-noun-u"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thorn",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "odt-decl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Dutch lemmas",
"Old Dutch masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old Dutch masculine nouns",
"Old Dutch masculine u-stem nouns",
"Old Dutch nouns",
"Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"thorn, spine of a plant"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Däörn"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Doorn"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Dorn"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "Durn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "dōrn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þornu",
"t": "thorn, sloe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þornu (“thorn, sloe”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "English thorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German thorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "törne"
},
"expansion": "Swedish törne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"sc": "Cyrs"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн",
"3": "",
"4": "sloe, blackthorn"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn, “sloe, blackthorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"3": "",
"4": "grass"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þornu (“thorn, sloe”).\nCognates\nGermanic cognates include Old English þorn (English thorn), Dutch doorn, Old High German thorn (German Dorn), Old Norse þorn (Swedish törne), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). The Indo-European root is also the source of Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ) (Russian тёрн (tjorn, “sloe, blackthorn”)), Sanskrit तृण (tṛṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thornes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "thorn m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "thorn m",
"name": "osx-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thorn"
},
"name": "osx-decl-noun-a-m"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon a-stem nouns",
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon masculine nouns",
"Old Saxon nouns",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"thorn; thorny bush"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for thorn meaning in All languages combined (67.1kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/369",
"msg": "unrecognized prefix (language name?) in translation item: Kata-vari: taí",
"path": [
"thorn"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "thorn",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/369",
"msg": "unrecognized prefix (language name?) in translation item: Madarin: Þ (zh)",
"path": [
"thorn"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "thorn",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.