See thorn on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bastard umbrella thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "blackthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "boxthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "buckthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "buffalo thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "camelthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Christ's thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "crucifixion thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "desert-thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Egyptian thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "every rose has a thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "every rose has its thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fairy thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "firethorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "garland thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Glastonbury thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "goat's thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hookthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Jerusalem thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Karoo thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "knobthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "maythorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "monkey thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Mysore thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "no rose without a thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sandthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "September thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweet thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn apple"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn-apple crystal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornback"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornbill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornbird"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Calicotome spp.",
"word": "thorn broom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornbush"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn cluster"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Moloch horridus",
"word": "thorn devil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornfish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn forest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornhead"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornhog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Centrotus cornutus",
"word": "thorn hopper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn in one's side"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn in someone's side"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn in the flesh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornlet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornlike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornproof"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorntail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Thornton"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn-tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornveld"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umbrella thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "whitethorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "yellowthorn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "toarn"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian toarn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Doorn"
},
"expansion": "Low German Doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish torn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"3": "",
"4": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cierń"
},
"expansion": "Polish cierń",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "taňi"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri taňi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"t": "grass",
"tr": "tṛ́ṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thorn, þorn, from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).\ncognates\nNear cognates include West Frisian toarn, Low German Doorn, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, Danish and Norwegian torn, Swedish torn, törne, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). Further cognates include Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Russian тёрн (tjorn), Polish cierń, Kamkata-viri taňi, tai (“thorn”), Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thorns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thorn (plural thorns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 10 1 45 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 10 5 37 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 7 1 25 4 14 10 1 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 24 2 19 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plant anatomy",
"orig": "en:Plant anatomy",
"parents": [
"Anatomy",
"Botany",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 3 37 7",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pome fruits",
"orig": "en:Pome fruits",
"parents": [
"Rose family plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895, J[ohn] W[esley] Powell, chapter I, in Canyons of the Colorado, Meadville, PA: Flood & Vincent; republished as The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons, New York: Dover, 1961, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 22:",
"text": "On the mountains a few junipers and piñons are found, and cactuses, agave, and yuccas, low, fleshy plants with bayonets and thorns.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sharp protective spine of a plant."
],
"id": "en-thorn-en-noun-L924hKQm",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A sharp protective spine of a plant."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "abq",
"lang": "Abaza",
"roman": "mɣə",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "мгъы"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "aa",
"lang": "Afar",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "keena"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ferrë"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔasala",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "أَسَلَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šawka",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "شَوْكَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šōk",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"collective",
"masculine"
],
"word": "شوك"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šōka",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine",
"singulative"
],
"word": "شوكة"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "aqc",
"lang": "Archi",
"roman": "cac",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "цац"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʻuš",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "փուշ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "schin"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "kãit",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "কাঁইট"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "kõta",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "কঁটা"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "av",
"lang": "Avar",
"roman": "zaz",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "заз"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ay",
"lang": "Aymara",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ch'aphi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tikan"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "arantza"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "elorri"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trǎn",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трън"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bodil",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бодил"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hcu:",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ဆူး"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "aculi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "espina"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "eculi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "agulló"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "fibló"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mel",
"lang": "Central Melanau",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duwei"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kajpayi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cì",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "刺"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "荊棘"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīngjí",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "荆棘"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dren"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "osten"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spaina"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "doorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "srt",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "s-r:*t-M44"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "dorno"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "astel"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "okas"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "oga"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tornur"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "piikki"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "oka"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ora"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ota"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "oas"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "épine"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spine"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "spin"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espiña"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sevia"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "áscura"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espunlla"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puga"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "eḳali",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ეკალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agkáthi",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "αγκάθι"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ákantha",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἄκανθα"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kākala"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shayit",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שַׁיִת"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kotz",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קֹוץ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "dugi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kā̃ṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "काँटा"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tüske"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tövis"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dealg"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "aculeo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"alt": "とげ, toge, いら, ira",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "刺"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "棘"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "茨"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "荊"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "jra",
"lang": "Jarai",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "drơi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"roman": "eri",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ꦲꦼꦫꦶ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "bsh",
"lang": "Kamkata-vari",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Kamviri"
],
"word": "taňí"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "bɑnlaa",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "បន្លា"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ki",
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-3"
],
"word": "mũigua"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gasi",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "가시"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "dirrû",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "دِڕوو"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "lki",
"lang": "Laki",
"roman": "dirrk",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "دِڕک"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "strî"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "dirrî"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"roman": "dirrig",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "دِڕِگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "nām",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ໜາມ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ierškiezs"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spīna"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ērkšķis"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dzelonis"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "lez",
"lang": "Lezgi",
"roman": "caz",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "цаз"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "rakis"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Doorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "luy",
"lang": "Luhya",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kumwiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trn",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трн"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "bula",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ᠪᡠᠯᠠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "saihūwa",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ᠰᠠᡳᡥᡡᠸᠠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tara"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ngita"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kaṇṭak",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कंटक"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kāṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "काटा"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mrw",
"lang": "Maranao",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tenek"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mnw",
"lang": "Mon",
"roman": "həlɛ̀ˀ",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ဓလ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8"
],
"word": "shiɓa"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "frr",
"lang": "North Frisian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Sylt",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tuurn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "nod",
"lang": "Northern Thai",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ᩉ᩠ᨶᩣ᩠ᨾ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espina"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "kaw",
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "kaw",
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "rwi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "diken",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "دیكن"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "pwn",
"lang": "Paiwan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "djui"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "aγzai",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اغزی"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xâr",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "خار"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ğaž",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "غاژ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dren"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kolec"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cierń"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "espinho"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "acúleo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "t'uksi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kichka"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kaşa"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "spin"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ghimpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spegna"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šip",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шип"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koljúčka",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "колю́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ssy",
"lang": "Saho",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "keena"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sm",
"lang": "Samoan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tala"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "kaṇṭaka",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "कण्टक"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ispina"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stob"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "droigheann"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dealg"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tŕň"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pichliač"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "osteň"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "so",
"lang": "Somali",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "qodax"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espina"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puncha"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pincha"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "es",
"english": "small",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aguate"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "es",
"english": "small",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ahuate"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "es",
"english": "small",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afate"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "es",
"english": "small",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Central-America",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ajuate"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "es",
"english": "small",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Mexico",
"masculine"
],
"word": "uguate"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "rucuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4"
],
"word": "mwiba"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "törne"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tinik"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ty",
"lang": "Tahitian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tara"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "tsg",
"lang": "Tausug",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tunuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "mullu",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ముల్లు"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kaṇṭakamu",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "కంటకము"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nǎam",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "หนาม"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "to",
"lang": "Tongan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tala"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "diken"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "kā̃ṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "کانٹا"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "gai"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "draenen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "toarne"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mbb",
"lang": "Western Bukidnon Manobo",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duɣi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "dorn",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "דאָרן"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "zne",
"lang": "Zande",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kiwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "gǃqhàẽ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 10 5 37 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 3 37 7",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pome fruits",
"orig": "en:Pome fruits",
"parents": [
"Rose family plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the white thorn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "the cockspur thorn",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any shrub or small tree that bears thorns, especially a hawthorn."
],
"id": "en-thorn-en-noun-FM3nLkME",
"links": [
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 74 1 18",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trǎn",
"sense": "any shrub or small tree that bears thorns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трън"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 74 1 18",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any shrub or small tree that bears thorns",
"word": "piikkipensas"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 12:7:",
"text": "There was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet me.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:",
"text": "The guilt of empire, all its thorns and cares, / Be only mine.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"That which pricks or annoys; anything troublesome."
],
"id": "en-thorn-en-noun--TY6ii32",
"links": [
[
"prick",
"prick"
],
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) That which pricks or annoys; anything troublesome."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 7 83 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "figuratively: that which pricks",
"word": "piikki"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 83 7",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "skólops",
"sense": "figuratively: that which pricks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σκόλοψ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 10 1 45 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 10 5 37 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 6 2 29 6 12 9 2 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
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},
{
"_dis": "25 7 1 25 4 14 10 1 3 9",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
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},
{
"_dis": "26 10 3 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Abaza translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 57 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 10 3 55 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 10 3 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 11 3 55 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 11 2 61 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 10 3 53 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Archi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 2 63 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 10 3 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aromanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 56 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Assamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 10 2 55 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Avar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 10 3 53 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aymara translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 10 3 57 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 56 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 55 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 10 1 47 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bikol Central translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 3 59 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 10 2 59 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 57 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 9 3 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cebuano translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 10 1 52 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 10 3 53 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Melanau translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 10 3 53 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chamicuro translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 56 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cornish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 11 3 58 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 13 2 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 10 2 56 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 11 2 53 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 6 45 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 11 2 63 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 10 2 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Egyptian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 10 3 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 3 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 10 3 57 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 3 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 11 5 46 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 56 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Friulian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 11 3 57 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 10 2 64 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 10 4 51 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 11 5 44 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 57 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 13 3 59 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 9 2 51 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Higaonon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 56 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hiligaynon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 2 57 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 10 3 57 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 2 68 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 3 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 9 2 61 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 11 4 48 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 10 4 47 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 10 3 53 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Jarai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 56 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Javanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 11 4 48 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kamkata-viri translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 2 60 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 10 3 55 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kikuyu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 57 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 9 3 49 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Laki translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 14 2 57 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 10 3 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latgalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 7 3 65 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 3 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 10 3 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lezgi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 3 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 57 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 10 3 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luhya translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 3 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 56 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 56 7",
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"name": "Terms with Manchu translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 12 3 52 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 10 3 55 7",
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"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "28 9 3 52 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maranao translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 10 3 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 2 54 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 10 3 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 3 61 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with North Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 8 1 52 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "25 9 1 60 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Thai translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "20 11 3 58 8",
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 8 1 53 5",
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 3 58 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 10 3 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 1 78 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
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},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Javanese translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 10 2 57 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 10 3 55 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Paiwan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 11 4 48 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Pashto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 3 59 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 10 3 53 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polabian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 13 4 54 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 10 2 56 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 10 3 53 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Quechua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 3 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 10 3 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romansch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 11 4 48 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 10 3 53 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Saho translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 3 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Samoan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 11 3 54 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 56 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sardinian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 10 3 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 57 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 3 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 3 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Somali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 8 1 61 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Southern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 9 4 49 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 10 3 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sundanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 10 3 53 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 10 2 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 57 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 10 3 57 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tahitian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 10 3 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tausug translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 10 2 60 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 10 2 62 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 3 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tongan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 10 2 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 10 3 57 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 9 3 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 10 3 57 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 5 45 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 9 2 61 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 9 3 49 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 11 3 54 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 10 3 53 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zande translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 11 4 46 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with ǃXóõ translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 11 2 70 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Latin letter names",
"orig": "en:Latin letter names",
"parents": [
"Letter names",
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Names",
"Orthography",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Writing",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Lemmas",
"Human",
"Communication"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 2 72 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Runic letter names",
"orig": "en:Runic letter names",
"parents": [
"Letter names",
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Names",
"Orthography",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Writing",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Lemmas",
"Human",
"Communication"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 3 37 7",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pome fruits",
"orig": "en:Pome fruits",
"parents": [
"Rose family plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1985, Robert Burchfield, The English Language, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 175:",
"text": "In Old English manuscripts thorn and eth did not have different phonetic values but were used positionally[.]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "See also Etymology of ye (definite article)."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A letter of Latin script (capital: Þ, small: þ), borrowed from the futhark; today used only in Icelandic to represent the voiceless dental fricative, but originally used in several early Germanic scripts, including Old English where it represented the dental fricatives that are today written th (Old English did not have phonemic voicing distinctions for fricatives)."
],
"id": "en-thorn-en-noun-39OkbCmD",
"links": [
[
"Latin script",
"Latin script"
],
[
"Þ",
"Þ"
],
[
"þ",
"þ"
],
[
"futhark",
"futhark"
],
[
"Old English",
"Old English"
],
[
"phonemic",
"phonemic"
],
[
"voicing",
"voicing"
],
[
"fricative",
"fricative"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 91",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 91",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 91",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "dorno"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 91",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 91",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 91",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 91",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 91",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "son",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "손"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 91",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 91",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 91",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 91",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "торн"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 91",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 91",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "ba"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 91",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 91",
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "gǃhàã"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg/En-uk-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoɹn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[θo̞ɹn]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg/En-us-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːɹn/",
"note": "rhotic"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"note": "non-rhotic"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "toarn"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian toarn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Doorn"
},
"expansion": "Low German Doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish torn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"3": "",
"4": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cierń"
},
"expansion": "Polish cierń",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "taňi"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri taňi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"t": "grass",
"tr": "tṛ́ṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thorn, þorn, from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).\ncognates\nNear cognates include West Frisian toarn, Low German Doorn, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, Danish and Norwegian torn, Swedish torn, törne, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). Further cognates include Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Russian тёрн (tjorn), Polish cierń, Kamkata-viri taňi, tai (“thorn”), Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thorns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thorning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thorn (third-person singular simple present thorns, present participle thorning, simple past and past participle thorned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 10 5 37 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1869, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Old Town Folks:",
"text": "[…] human nature is, above all things, lazy, and needs to be thorned and goaded up those heights where it ought to fly.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Scott D. Zachary, Scorn This, page 175:",
"text": "Even Judge Bradley's callused sentiments were thorned by the narration of Jaclyn's journals.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pierce with, or as if with, a thorn (sharp pointed object)."
],
"id": "en-thorn-en-verb-PMwO2~hH",
"links": [
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
],
[
"thorn",
"#Noun"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "eth"
},
{
"word": "edh"
},
{
"word": "eð"
},
{
"word": "ð"
},
{
"word": "wynn"
},
{
"word": "wen"
},
{
"word": "ƿ"
},
{
"word": "ᚦ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "boda",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "бода"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "espiñar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "espinhar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg/En-uk-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoɹn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[θo̞ɹn]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg/En-us-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːɹn/",
"note": "rhotic"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"note": "non-rhotic"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hawthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thevethorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornbak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornetre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorny"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "English: thorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thorn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thorn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Shetland"
},
"expansion": "(Shetland)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thorn; torn (Shetland)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "thoornes",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: thoornes, thorns, thurns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: thoornes, thorns, thurns"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English þorn",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thornes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "thorn",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thornes"
},
"expansion": "thorn (plural thornes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 7 1 25 4 14 10 1 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 26 4 15 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 13 19 29 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 24 7 13 24",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "enm:Foods",
"parents": [
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 23 14 13 17",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 24 12 12 18",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Shrubs",
"orig": "enm:Shrubs",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 22 14 14 17",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "enm:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 21 16 17 17",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "enm:Woods",
"parents": [
"Natural materials",
"Trees",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Plants",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Lifeforms",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thorn (spine on a plant with a sharp point)"
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-cOguSMYX",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 7 1 25 4 14 10 1 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 13 19 29 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 32 9 18 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Letter names",
"orig": "enm:Letter names",
"parents": [
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Names",
"Orthography",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Writing",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Lemmas",
"Human",
"Communication"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thorn or eth (the letter þ and/or ð)"
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-dFwDCNAd",
"links": [
[
"Thorn",
"thorn#English"
],
[
"eth",
"eth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 13 19 29 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A plant having thorns, especially the hawthorn or rosebush."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-kl2mG8B7",
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
],
[
"rosebush",
"rosebush"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 13 19 29 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-bCyoUKEK",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 13 19 29 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-Kp-9mzov",
"links": [
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoːrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θrɔn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thron"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thurne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "þorne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "þron"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dōrn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dōrn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dōrn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Däörn",
"3": "Doorn",
"4": "Dorn",
"5": "Durn"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þornu",
"t": "thorn, sloe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þornu (“thorn, sloe”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "English thorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German thorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "törne"
},
"expansion": "Swedish törne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"sc": "Cyrs"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн",
"3": "",
"4": "sloe, blackthorn"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn, “sloe, blackthorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"3": "",
"4": "grass"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þornu (“thorn, sloe”).\nCognates\nGermanic cognates include Old English þorn (English thorn), Dutch doorn, Old High German thorn (German Dorn), Old Norse þorn (Swedish törne), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). The Indo-European root is also the source of Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ) (Russian тёрн (tjorn, “sloe, blackthorn”)), Sanskrit तृण (tṛṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thornes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "thorn m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "thorn m",
"name": "osx-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thorn"
},
"name": "osx-decl-noun-a-m"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorn; thorny bush"
],
"id": "en-thorn-osx-noun-E19hIfNV",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Afrikaans translations",
"Requests for review of Albanian translations",
"Requests for review of Crimean Tatar translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Icelandic translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Romanian translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"Terms with Abaza translations",
"Terms with Afar translations",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Archi translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Avar translations",
"Terms with Aymara translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bikol Central translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Central Melanau translations",
"Terms with Chamicuro translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Egyptian translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Higaonon translations",
"Terms with Hiligaynon translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Jarai translations",
"Terms with Javanese translations",
"Terms with Kamkata-viri translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Kikuyu translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Laki translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lezgi translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Luhya translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Maranao translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Mon translations",
"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"Terms with North Frisian translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Northern Thai translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old Javanese translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Paiwan translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polabian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Romansch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Saho translations",
"Terms with Samoan translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Somali translations",
"Terms with Southern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sundanese translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tahitian translations",
"Terms with Tausug translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tongan translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Zande translations",
"Terms with ǃXóõ translations",
"en:Latin letter names",
"en:Plant anatomy",
"en:Pome fruits",
"en:Runic letter names"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bastard umbrella thorn"
},
{
"word": "blackthorn"
},
{
"word": "boxthorn"
},
{
"word": "buckthorn"
},
{
"word": "buffalo thorn"
},
{
"word": "camelthorn"
},
{
"word": "Christ's thorn"
},
{
"word": "crucifixion thorn"
},
{
"word": "desert-thorn"
},
{
"word": "Egyptian thorn"
},
{
"word": "every rose has a thorn"
},
{
"word": "every rose has its thorn"
},
{
"word": "fairy thorn"
},
{
"word": "firethorn"
},
{
"word": "garland thorn"
},
{
"word": "Glastonbury thorn"
},
{
"word": "goat's thorn"
},
{
"word": "hookthorn"
},
{
"word": "Jerusalem thorn"
},
{
"word": "Karoo thorn"
},
{
"word": "knobthorn"
},
{
"word": "maythorn"
},
{
"word": "monkey thorn"
},
{
"word": "Mysore thorn"
},
{
"word": "no rose without a thorn"
},
{
"word": "sandthorn"
},
{
"word": "September thorn"
},
{
"word": "sweet thorn"
},
{
"word": "thorn apple"
},
{
"word": "thorn-apple crystal"
},
{
"word": "thornback"
},
{
"word": "thornbill"
},
{
"word": "thornbird"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Calicotome spp.",
"word": "thorn broom"
},
{
"word": "thornbush"
},
{
"word": "thorn cluster"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Moloch horridus",
"word": "thorn devil"
},
{
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"word": "thornery"
},
{
"word": "thornfish"
},
{
"word": "thorn forest"
},
{
"word": "thornhead"
},
{
"word": "thornhog"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Centrotus cornutus",
"word": "thorn hopper"
},
{
"word": "thorn in one's side"
},
{
"word": "thorn in someone's side"
},
{
"word": "thorn in the flesh"
},
{
"word": "thornless"
},
{
"word": "thornlet"
},
{
"word": "thornlike"
},
{
"word": "thornproof"
},
{
"word": "thorntail"
},
{
"word": "Thornton"
},
{
"word": "thorn tree"
},
{
"word": "thorn-tree"
},
{
"word": "thornveld"
},
{
"word": "thorny"
},
{
"word": "umbrella thorn"
},
{
"word": "whitethorn"
},
{
"word": "yellowthorn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "toarn"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian toarn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Doorn"
},
"expansion": "Low German Doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish torn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"3": "",
"4": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cierń"
},
"expansion": "Polish cierń",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "taňi"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri taňi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"t": "grass",
"tr": "tṛ́ṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thorn, þorn, from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).\ncognates\nNear cognates include West Frisian toarn, Low German Doorn, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, Danish and Norwegian torn, Swedish torn, törne, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). Further cognates include Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Russian тёрн (tjorn), Polish cierń, Kamkata-viri taňi, tai (“thorn”), Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thorns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thorn (plural thorns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895, J[ohn] W[esley] Powell, chapter I, in Canyons of the Colorado, Meadville, PA: Flood & Vincent; republished as The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons, New York: Dover, 1961, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 22:",
"text": "On the mountains a few junipers and piñons are found, and cactuses, agave, and yuccas, low, fleshy plants with bayonets and thorns.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sharp protective spine of a plant."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A sharp protective spine of a plant."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the white thorn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "the cockspur thorn",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any shrub or small tree that bears thorns, especially a hawthorn."
],
"links": [
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 12:7:",
"text": "There was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet me.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:",
"text": "The guilt of empire, all its thorns and cares, / Be only mine.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"That which pricks or annoys; anything troublesome."
],
"links": [
[
"prick",
"prick"
],
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) That which pricks or annoys; anything troublesome."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1985, Robert Burchfield, The English Language, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 175:",
"text": "In Old English manuscripts thorn and eth did not have different phonetic values but were used positionally[.]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "See also Etymology of ye (definite article)."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A letter of Latin script (capital: Þ, small: þ), borrowed from the futhark; today used only in Icelandic to represent the voiceless dental fricative, but originally used in several early Germanic scripts, including Old English where it represented the dental fricatives that are today written th (Old English did not have phonemic voicing distinctions for fricatives)."
],
"links": [
[
"Latin script",
"Latin script"
],
[
"Þ",
"Þ"
],
[
"þ",
"þ"
],
[
"futhark",
"futhark"
],
[
"Old English",
"Old English"
],
[
"phonemic",
"phonemic"
],
[
"voicing",
"voicing"
],
[
"fricative",
"fricative"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg/En-uk-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoɹn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[θo̞ɹn]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg/En-us-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːɹn/",
"note": "rhotic"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"note": "non-rhotic"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "abq",
"lang": "Abaza",
"roman": "mɣə",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "мгъы"
},
{
"code": "aa",
"lang": "Afar",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "keena"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ferrë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔasala",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "أَسَلَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šawka",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "شَوْكَة"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šōk",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"collective",
"masculine"
],
"word": "شوك"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šōka",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine",
"singulative"
],
"word": "شوكة"
},
{
"code": "aqc",
"lang": "Archi",
"roman": "cac",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "цац"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʻuš",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "փուշ"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "schin"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "kãit",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "কাঁইট"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "kõta",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "কঁটা"
},
{
"code": "av",
"lang": "Avar",
"roman": "zaz",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "заз"
},
{
"code": "ay",
"lang": "Aymara",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ch'aphi"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tikan"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "arantza"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "elorri"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trǎn",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трън"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bodil",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бодил"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hcu:",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ဆူး"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "aculi"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "espina"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "eculi"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "agulló"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "fibló"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"code": "mel",
"lang": "Central Melanau",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duwei"
},
{
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kajpayi"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cì",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "刺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "荊棘"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīngjí",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "荆棘"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dren"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trn"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "osten"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spaina"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "doorn"
},
{
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "srt",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "s-r:*t-M44"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "dorno"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "astel"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "okas"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "oga"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tornur"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "piikki"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "oka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ora"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ota"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "oas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "épine"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spine"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "spin"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espiña"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sevia"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "áscura"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espunlla"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puga"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "eḳali",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ეკალი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dorn"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agkáthi",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "αγκάθι"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ákantha",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἄκανθα"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kākala"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shayit",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שַׁיִת"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kotz",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קֹוץ"
},
{
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "dugi"
},
{
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kā̃ṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "काँटा"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tüske"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tövis"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dealg"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "aculeo"
},
{
"alt": "とげ, toge, いら, ira",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "刺"
},
{
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "棘"
},
{
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "茨"
},
{
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "荊"
},
{
"code": "jra",
"lang": "Jarai",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "drơi"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"roman": "eri",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ꦲꦼꦫꦶ"
},
{
"code": "bsh",
"lang": "Kamkata-vari",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Kamviri"
],
"word": "taňí"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "bɑnlaa",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "បន្លា"
},
{
"code": "ki",
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-3"
],
"word": "mũigua"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gasi",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "가시"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "dirrû",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "دِڕوو"
},
{
"code": "lki",
"lang": "Laki",
"roman": "dirrk",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "دِڕک"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "strî"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "dirrî"
},
{
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"roman": "dirrig",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "دِڕِگ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "nām",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ໜາມ"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ierškiezs"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spīna"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ērkšķis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dzelonis"
},
{
"code": "lez",
"lang": "Lezgi",
"roman": "caz",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "цаз"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "rakis"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Doorn"
},
{
"code": "luy",
"lang": "Luhya",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kumwiva"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trn",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трн"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "bula",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ᠪᡠᠯᠠ"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "saihūwa",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ᠰᠠᡳᡥᡡᠸᠠ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tara"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ngita"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kaṇṭak",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कंटक"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kāṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "काटा"
},
{
"code": "mrw",
"lang": "Maranao",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tenek"
},
{
"code": "mnw",
"lang": "Mon",
"roman": "həlɛ̀ˀ",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ဓလ"
},
{
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8"
],
"word": "shiɓa"
},
{
"code": "frr",
"lang": "North Frisian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Sylt",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tuurn"
},
{
"code": "nod",
"lang": "Northern Thai",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ᩉ᩠ᨶᩣ᩠ᨾ"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espina"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"code": "kaw",
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"code": "kaw",
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "rwi"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "diken",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "دیكن"
},
{
"code": "pwn",
"lang": "Paiwan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "djui"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "aγzai",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اغزی"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xâr",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "خار"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ğaž",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "غاژ"
},
{
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dren"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kolec"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cierń"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "espinho"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "acúleo"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "t'uksi"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kichka"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kaşa"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "spin"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ghimpe"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spegna"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šip",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шип"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koljúčka",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "колю́чка"
},
{
"code": "ssy",
"lang": "Saho",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "keena"
},
{
"code": "sm",
"lang": "Samoan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tala"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "kaṇṭaka",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "कण्टक"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ispina"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stob"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "droigheann"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dealg"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trn"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tŕň"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pichliač"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "osteň"
},
{
"code": "so",
"lang": "Somali",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "qodax"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puncha"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pincha"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "small",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aguate"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "small",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ahuate"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "small",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afate"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "small",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Central-America",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ajuate"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "small",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Mexico",
"masculine"
],
"word": "uguate"
},
{
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "rucuk"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4"
],
"word": "mwiba"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "törne"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tinik"
},
{
"code": "ty",
"lang": "Tahitian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tara"
},
{
"code": "tsg",
"lang": "Tausug",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tunuk"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "mullu",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ముల్లు"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kaṇṭakamu",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "కంటకము"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nǎam",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "หนาม"
},
{
"code": "to",
"lang": "Tongan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tala"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "diken"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "kā̃ṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "کانٹا"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "gai"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "draenen"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "toarne"
},
{
"code": "mbb",
"lang": "Western Bukidnon Manobo",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duɣi"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "dorn",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "דאָרן"
},
{
"code": "zne",
"lang": "Zande",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kiwe"
},
{
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "gǃqhàẽ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trǎn",
"sense": "any shrub or small tree that bears thorns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трън"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any shrub or small tree that bears thorns",
"word": "piikkipensas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "figuratively: that which pricks",
"word": "piikki"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "skólops",
"sense": "figuratively: that which pricks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σκόλοψ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "dorno"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "son",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "손"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "торн"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "ba"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "gǃhàã"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Afrikaans translations",
"Requests for review of Albanian translations",
"Requests for review of Crimean Tatar translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Icelandic translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Romanian translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"Terms with Abaza translations",
"Terms with Afar translations",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Archi translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Avar translations",
"Terms with Aymara translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bikol Central translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Central Melanau translations",
"Terms with Chamicuro translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Egyptian translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Higaonon translations",
"Terms with Hiligaynon translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Jarai translations",
"Terms with Javanese translations",
"Terms with Kamkata-viri translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Kikuyu translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Laki translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lezgi translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Luhya translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Maranao translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Mon translations",
"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"Terms with North Frisian translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Northern Thai translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old Javanese translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Paiwan translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polabian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Romansch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Saho translations",
"Terms with Samoan translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Somali translations",
"Terms with Southern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sundanese translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tahitian translations",
"Terms with Tausug translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tongan translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Zande translations",
"Terms with ǃXóõ translations",
"en:Latin letter names",
"en:Plant anatomy",
"en:Pome fruits",
"en:Runic letter names"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "toarn"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian toarn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Doorn"
},
"expansion": "Low German Doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish torn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"3": "",
"4": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cierń"
},
"expansion": "Polish cierń",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "taňi"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri taňi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"t": "grass",
"tr": "tṛ́ṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thorn, þorn, from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).\ncognates\nNear cognates include West Frisian toarn, Low German Doorn, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, Danish and Norwegian torn, Swedish torn, törne, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). Further cognates include Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Russian тёрн (tjorn), Polish cierń, Kamkata-viri taňi, tai (“thorn”), Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thorns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thorning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thorn (third-person singular simple present thorns, present participle thorning, simple past and past participle thorned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "eth"
},
{
"word": "edh"
},
{
"word": "eð"
},
{
"word": "ð"
},
{
"word": "wynn"
},
{
"word": "wen"
},
{
"word": "ƿ"
},
{
"word": "ᚦ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1869, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Old Town Folks:",
"text": "[…] human nature is, above all things, lazy, and needs to be thorned and goaded up those heights where it ought to fly.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Scott D. Zachary, Scorn This, page 175:",
"text": "Even Judge Bradley's callused sentiments were thorned by the narration of Jaclyn's journals.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pierce with, or as if with, a thorn (sharp pointed object)."
],
"links": [
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
],
[
"thorn",
"#Noun"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg/En-uk-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoɹn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[θo̞ɹn]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg/En-us-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːɹn/",
"note": "rhotic"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"note": "non-rhotic"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "boda",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "бода"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "espiñar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "espinhar"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Foods",
"enm:Letter names",
"enm:Plants",
"enm:Shrubs",
"enm:Trees",
"enm:Woods"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hawthorn"
},
{
"word": "thevethorn"
},
{
"word": "thornbak"
},
{
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"word": "thornetre"
},
{
"word": "thorny"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "English: thorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thorn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thorn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Shetland"
},
"expansion": "(Shetland)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thorn; torn (Shetland)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "thoornes",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: thoornes, thorns, thurns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: thoornes, thorns, thurns"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English þorn",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thornes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "thorn",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thornes"
},
"expansion": "thorn (plural thornes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A thorn (spine on a plant with a sharp point)"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Thorn or eth (the letter þ and/or ð)"
],
"links": [
[
"Thorn",
"thorn#English"
],
[
"eth",
"eth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A plant having thorns, especially the hawthorn or rosebush."
],
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
],
[
"rosebush",
"rosebush"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"links": [
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoːrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θrɔn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thorne"
},
{
"word": "thron"
},
{
"word": "thurne"
},
{
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"word": "þorne"
},
{
"word": "þron"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dōrn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dōrn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dōrn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Däörn",
"3": "Doorn",
"4": "Dorn",
"5": "Durn"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þornu",
"t": "thorn, sloe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þornu (“thorn, sloe”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "English thorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German thorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "törne"
},
"expansion": "Swedish törne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"sc": "Cyrs"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн",
"3": "",
"4": "sloe, blackthorn"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn, “sloe, blackthorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"3": "",
"4": "grass"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þornu (“thorn, sloe”).\nCognates\nGermanic cognates include Old English þorn (English thorn), Dutch doorn, Old High German thorn (German Dorn), Old Norse þorn (Swedish törne), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). The Indo-European root is also the source of Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ) (Russian тёрн (tjorn, “sloe, blackthorn”)), Sanskrit तृण (tṛṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thornes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "thorn m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "thorn m",
"name": "osx-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thorn"
},
"name": "osx-decl-noun-a-m"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon a-stem nouns",
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon masculine nouns",
"Old Saxon nouns",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"thorn; thorny bush"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for thorn meaning in All languages combined (54.8kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/369",
"msg": "unrecognized prefix (language name?) in translation item: Kata-vari: taí",
"path": [
"thorn"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "thorn",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/369",
"msg": "unrecognized prefix (language name?) in translation item: Madarin: Þ (zh)",
"path": [
"thorn"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "thorn",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.