See thorn on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for thorn meaning in All languages combined (55.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bastard umbrella thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "blackthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "boxthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "buckthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "buffalo thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "camelthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Christ's thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "crucifixion thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "desert-thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Egyptian thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "every rose has a thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "every rose has its thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "firethorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "garland thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Glastonbury thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "goat's thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hookthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Jerusalem thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Karoo thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "knobthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "maythorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "monkey thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Mysore thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "no rose without a thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sandthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "September thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweet thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn apple"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn-apple crystal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornback"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornbill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornbird"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Calicotome spp.",
"word": "thorn broom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornbush"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn cluster"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Moloch horridus",
"word": "thorn devil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornfish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn forest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornhead"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornhog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Centrotus cornutus",
"word": "thorn hopper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn in one's side"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn in someone's side"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn in the flesh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornlet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornlike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornproof"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorntail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Thornton"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorn-tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornveld"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umbrella thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "whitethorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "yellowthorn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "þorn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þornu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þornu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnuz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)ter-",
"3": "",
"4": "stiff"
},
"expansion": "*(s)ter- (“stiff”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "toarn"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian toarn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Doorn"
},
"expansion": "Low German Doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "torn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish torn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "törne"
},
"expansion": "törne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"3": "",
"4": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cierń"
},
"expansion": "Polish cierń",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "taňí"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri taňí",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "taí",
"t": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "taí (“thorn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"t": "grass",
"tr": "tṛ́ṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thorn, þorn, from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þornu, from Proto-Germanic *þurnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).\ncognates\nNear cognates include West Frisian toarn, Low German Doorn, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, Danish and Norwegian torn, Swedish torn, törne, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). Further cognates include Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Russian тёрн (tjorn), Polish cierń, Kamkata-viri taňí, taí (“thorn”), Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thorns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thorn (plural thorns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 11 11 40 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 28 12 29 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pome fruits",
"orig": "en:Pome fruits",
"parents": [
"Rose family plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sharp protective spine of a plant."
],
"id": "en-thorn-en-noun-L924hKQm",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A sharp protective spine of a plant."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "abq",
"lang": "Abaza",
"roman": "mɣə",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "мгъы"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "aa",
"lang": "Afar",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "keena"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ferrë"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔasala",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "أَسَلَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šawka",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "شَوْكَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šōk",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"collective",
"masculine"
],
"word": "شوك"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šōka",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine",
"singulative"
],
"word": "شوكة"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "aqc",
"lang": "Archi",
"roman": "cac",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "цац"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʿuš",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "փուշ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "schin"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "kãit",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "কাঁইট"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "kõta",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "কঁটা"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "av",
"lang": "Avar",
"roman": "zaz",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "заз"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ay",
"lang": "Aymara",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ch'aphi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tikan"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "arantza"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "elorri"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trǎn",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трън"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bodil",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бодил"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hcu:",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ဆူး"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "aculi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "espina"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "eculi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "agulló"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "fibló"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mel",
"lang": "Central Melanau",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duwei"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kajpayi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cì",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "刺"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "荊棘"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīngjí",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "荆棘"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dren"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "osten"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spaina"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "doorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "srt",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "s-r:*t-M44"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "dorno"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "astel"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "okas"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "oga"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tornur"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "piikki"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "oka"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ora"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ota"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "oas"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "épine"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spine"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "spin"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espiña"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sevia"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "áscura"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espunlla"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puga"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "eḳali",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ეკალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agkáthi",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "αγκάθι"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ákantha",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἄκανθα"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shayit",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שַׁיִת"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kotz",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קֹוץ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "dugi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kā̃ṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "काँटा"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tüske"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tövis"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dealg"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "aculeo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"alt": "とげ, toge, いら, ira",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "刺"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "棘"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "茨"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "荊"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "jra",
"lang": "Jarai",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "drơi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"roman": "eri",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ꦲꦼꦫꦶ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "bsh",
"lang": "Kamkata-vari",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Kamviri"
],
"word": "taňí"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "bɑnlaa",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "បន្លា"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ki",
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-3"
],
"word": "mũigua"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gasi",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "가시"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "dirrû",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "دِڕوو"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "lki",
"lang": "Laki",
"roman": "dirrk",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "دِڕک"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "strî"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "dirrî"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"roman": "dirrig",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "دِڕِگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "nām",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ໜາມ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ierškiezs"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spīna"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ērkšķis"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dzelonis"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "lez",
"lang": "Lezgi",
"roman": "caz",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "цаз"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "rakis"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Doorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "luy",
"lang": "Luhya",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kumwiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trn",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трн"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "bula",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ᠪᡠᠯᠠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "saihūwa",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ᠰᠠᡳᡥᡡᠸᠠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ngita"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kaṇṭak",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कंटक"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kāṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "काटा"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mrw",
"lang": "Maranao",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tenek"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mnw",
"lang": "Mon",
"roman": "həlɛ̀ˀ",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ဓလ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8"
],
"word": "shiɓa"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "frr",
"lang": "North Frisian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Sylt",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tuurn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "nod",
"lang": "Northern Thai",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ᩉ᩠ᨶᩣ᩠ᨾ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espina"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "kaw",
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "kaw",
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "rwi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "diken",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "دیكن"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "pwn",
"lang": "Paiwan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "djui"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "aγzai",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اغزی"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xâr",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "خار"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ğaž",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "غاژ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dren"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kolec"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cierń"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "espinho"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "acúleo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "t'uksi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kichka"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kaşa"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "spin"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ghimpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spegna"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šip",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шип"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koljúčka",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "колю́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ssy",
"lang": "Saho",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "keena"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "kaṇṭaka",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "कण्टक"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ispina"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stob"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "droigheann"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dealg"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tŕň"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "so",
"lang": "Somali",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "qodax"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espina"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "rucuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4"
],
"word": "mwiba"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "törne"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tinik"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "tsg",
"lang": "Tausug",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tunuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "mullu",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ముల్లు"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kaṇṭakamu",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "కంటకము"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nǎam",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "หนาม"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "diken"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "kā̃ṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "کانٹا"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "gai"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "draenen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "toarne"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "mbb",
"lang": "Western Bukidnon Manobo",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duɣi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "dorn",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "דאָרן"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "zne",
"lang": "Zande",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kiwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1 0 0",
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "gǃqhàẽ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 11 11 40 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 28 12 29 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pome fruits",
"orig": "en:Pome fruits",
"parents": [
"Rose family plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the white thorn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "the cockspur thorn",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any shrub or small tree that bears thorns, especially a hawthorn."
],
"id": "en-thorn-en-noun-FM3nLkME",
"links": [
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 76 3 16",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trǎn",
"sense": "any shrub or small tree that bears thorns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трън"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 76 3 16",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any shrub or small tree that bears thorns",
"word": "piikkipensas"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 11 11 40 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 28 12 29 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pome fruits",
"orig": "en:Pome fruits",
"parents": [
"Rose family plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"That which pricks or annoys; anything troublesome."
],
"id": "en-thorn-en-noun--TY6ii32",
"links": [
[
"prick",
"prick"
],
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) That which pricks or annoys; anything troublesome."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 7 83 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "figuratively: that which pricks",
"word": "piikki"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 7 83 7",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "skólops",
"sense": "figuratively: that which pricks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σκόλοψ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 11 11 40 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 20 12 38 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 5 68 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Latin letter names",
"orig": "en:Latin letter names",
"parents": [
"Letter names",
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Names",
"Orthography",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Writing",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Lemmas",
"Human",
"Communication"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 6 65 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Runic letter names",
"orig": "en:Runic letter names",
"parents": [
"Letter names",
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Names",
"Orthography",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Writing",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Lemmas",
"Human",
"Communication"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 28 12 29 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pome fruits",
"orig": "en:Pome fruits",
"parents": [
"Rose family plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "See also Etymology of ye (definite article)."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A letter of Latin script (capital: Þ, small: þ), borrowed from the futhark; today used only in Icelandic to represent the voiceless dental fricative, but originally used in several early Germanic scripts, including Old English where it represented the dental fricatives that are today written th (Old English did not have phonemic voicing distinctions for fricatives)."
],
"id": "en-thorn-en-noun-39OkbCmD",
"links": [
[
"Latin script",
"Latin script"
],
[
"Þ",
"Þ"
],
[
"þ",
"þ"
],
[
"futhark",
"futhark"
],
[
"Old English",
"Old English"
],
[
"phonemic",
"phonemic"
],
[
"voicing",
"voicing"
],
[
"fricative",
"fricative"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 90",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 90",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 90",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "dorno"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 90",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 90",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 90",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 90",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 90",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "son",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "손"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 90",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 90",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 90",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 90",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "торн"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 90",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 90",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "ba"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 90",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 90",
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "gǃhàã"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θoɹn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[θo̞ɹn]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːɹn/",
"note": "rhotic"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"note": "non-rhotic"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg/En-uk-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg/En-us-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "þorn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þornu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þornu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnuz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)ter-",
"3": "",
"4": "stiff"
},
"expansion": "*(s)ter- (“stiff”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "toarn"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian toarn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Doorn"
},
"expansion": "Low German Doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "torn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish torn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "törne"
},
"expansion": "törne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"3": "",
"4": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cierń"
},
"expansion": "Polish cierń",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "taňí"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri taňí",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "taí",
"t": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "taí (“thorn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"t": "grass",
"tr": "tṛ́ṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thorn, þorn, from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þornu, from Proto-Germanic *þurnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).\ncognates\nNear cognates include West Frisian toarn, Low German Doorn, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, Danish and Norwegian torn, Swedish torn, törne, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). Further cognates include Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Russian тёрн (tjorn), Polish cierń, Kamkata-viri taňí, taí (“thorn”), Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thorns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thorning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thorn (third-person singular simple present thorns, present participle thorning, simple past and past participle thorned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1869, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Old Town Folks",
"text": "[…] human nature is, above all things, lazy, and needs to be thorned and goaded up those heights where it ought to fly.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Scott D. Zachary, Scorn This, page 175",
"text": "Even Judge Bradley's callused sentiments were thorned by the narration of Jaclyn's journals.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pierce with, or as if with, a thorn (sharp pointed object)."
],
"id": "en-thorn-en-verb-PMwO2~hH",
"links": [
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
],
[
"thorn",
"#Noun"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "eth"
},
{
"word": "edh"
},
{
"word": "eð"
},
{
"word": "ð"
},
{
"word": "wynn"
},
{
"word": "wen"
},
{
"word": "ƿ"
},
{
"word": "ᚦ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "boda",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "бода"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "espiñar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "espinhar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θoɹn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[θo̞ɹn]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːɹn/",
"note": "rhotic"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"note": "non-rhotic"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg/En-uk-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg/En-us-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hawthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thevethorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornbak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornetre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorny"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "English: thorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thorn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thorn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "torn",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Shetland"
},
"expansion": "(Shetland)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thorn; torn (Shetland)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "thoornes",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: thoornes, thorns, thurns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: thoornes, thorns, thurns"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English þorn",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thornes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "thorn",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thornes"
},
"expansion": "thorn (plural thornes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 10 35 16 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 24 13 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 24 10 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Shrubs",
"orig": "enm:Shrubs",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 24 14 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "enm:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 24 18 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "enm:Woods",
"parents": [
"Natural materials",
"Trees",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Plants",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Lifeforms",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thorn (spine on a plant with a sharp point)"
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-cOguSMYX",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 10 35 16 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 29 16 17 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Letter names",
"orig": "enm:Letter names",
"parents": [
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Names",
"Orthography",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Writing",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Lemmas",
"Human",
"Communication"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 24 13 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 24 10 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Shrubs",
"orig": "enm:Shrubs",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 24 14 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "enm:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 24 18 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "enm:Woods",
"parents": [
"Natural materials",
"Trees",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Plants",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Lifeforms",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thorn or eth (the letter þ and/or ð)"
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-dFwDCNAd",
"links": [
[
"Thorn",
"thorn#English"
],
[
"eth",
"eth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 10 35 16 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 24 13 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 24 10 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Shrubs",
"orig": "enm:Shrubs",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 24 14 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "enm:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 24 18 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "enm:Woods",
"parents": [
"Natural materials",
"Trees",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Plants",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Lifeforms",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A plant having thorns, especially the hawthorn or rosebush."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-kl2mG8B7",
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
],
[
"rosebush",
"rosebush"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 10 35 16 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 24 13 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 24 10 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Shrubs",
"orig": "enm:Shrubs",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 24 14 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "enm:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 24 18 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "enm:Woods",
"parents": [
"Natural materials",
"Trees",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Plants",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Lifeforms",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-bCyoUKEK",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 24 19 5 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 24 19 5 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 10 35 16 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 17 13 31",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "enm:Foods",
"parents": [
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 24 13 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 24 10 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Shrubs",
"orig": "enm:Shrubs",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 24 14 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "enm:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 24 18 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "enm:Woods",
"parents": [
"Natural materials",
"Trees",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Plants",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Lifeforms",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-Kp-9mzov",
"links": [
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoːrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θrɔn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thron"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "þorne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "þron"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dōrn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dōrn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dōrn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Däörn",
"3": "Doorn",
"4": "Dorn",
"5": "Durn"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þornu",
"t": "thorn, sloe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þornu (“thorn, sloe”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "English thorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German thorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "törne"
},
"expansion": "Swedish törne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"sc": "Cyrs"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн",
"3": "",
"4": "sloe, blackthorn"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn, “sloe, blackthorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"3": "",
"4": "grass"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þornu (“thorn, sloe”).\nCognates\nGermanic cognates include Old English þorn (English thorn), Dutch doorn, Old High German thorn (German Dorn), Old Norse þorn (Swedish törne), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). The Indo-European root is also the source of Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ) (Russian тёрн (tjorn, “sloe, blackthorn”)), Sanskrit तृण (tṛṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thornes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "thorn m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "thorn m",
"name": "osx-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thorn"
},
"name": "osx-decl-noun-a-m"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorn; thorny bush"
],
"id": "en-thorn-osx-noun-E19hIfNV",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Requests for review of Afrikaans translations",
"Requests for review of Albanian translations",
"Requests for review of Crimean Tatar translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Icelandic translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Romanian translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"en:Latin letter names",
"en:Pome fruits",
"en:Runic letter names"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bastard umbrella thorn"
},
{
"word": "blackthorn"
},
{
"word": "boxthorn"
},
{
"word": "buckthorn"
},
{
"word": "buffalo thorn"
},
{
"word": "camelthorn"
},
{
"word": "Christ's thorn"
},
{
"word": "crucifixion thorn"
},
{
"word": "desert-thorn"
},
{
"word": "Egyptian thorn"
},
{
"word": "every rose has a thorn"
},
{
"word": "every rose has its thorn"
},
{
"word": "firethorn"
},
{
"word": "garland thorn"
},
{
"word": "Glastonbury thorn"
},
{
"word": "goat's thorn"
},
{
"word": "hookthorn"
},
{
"word": "Jerusalem thorn"
},
{
"word": "Karoo thorn"
},
{
"word": "knobthorn"
},
{
"word": "maythorn"
},
{
"word": "monkey thorn"
},
{
"word": "Mysore thorn"
},
{
"word": "no rose without a thorn"
},
{
"word": "sandthorn"
},
{
"word": "September thorn"
},
{
"word": "sweet thorn"
},
{
"word": "thorn apple"
},
{
"word": "thorn-apple crystal"
},
{
"word": "thornback"
},
{
"word": "thornbill"
},
{
"word": "thornbird"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Calicotome spp.",
"word": "thorn broom"
},
{
"word": "thornbush"
},
{
"word": "thorn cluster"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Moloch horridus",
"word": "thorn devil"
},
{
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"word": "thornery"
},
{
"word": "thornfish"
},
{
"word": "thorn forest"
},
{
"word": "thornhead"
},
{
"word": "thornhog"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Centrotus cornutus",
"word": "thorn hopper"
},
{
"word": "thorn in one's side"
},
{
"word": "thorn in someone's side"
},
{
"word": "thorn in the flesh"
},
{
"word": "thornless"
},
{
"word": "thornlet"
},
{
"word": "thornlike"
},
{
"word": "thornproof"
},
{
"word": "thorntail"
},
{
"word": "Thornton"
},
{
"word": "thorn tree"
},
{
"word": "thorn-tree"
},
{
"word": "thornveld"
},
{
"word": "thorny"
},
{
"word": "umbrella thorn"
},
{
"word": "whitethorn"
},
{
"word": "yellowthorn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "þorn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þornu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þornu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnuz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)ter-",
"3": "",
"4": "stiff"
},
"expansion": "*(s)ter- (“stiff”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "toarn"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian toarn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Doorn"
},
"expansion": "Low German Doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "torn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish torn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "törne"
},
"expansion": "törne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"3": "",
"4": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cierń"
},
"expansion": "Polish cierń",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "taňí"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri taňí",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "taí",
"t": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "taí (“thorn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"t": "grass",
"tr": "tṛ́ṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thorn, þorn, from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þornu, from Proto-Germanic *þurnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).\ncognates\nNear cognates include West Frisian toarn, Low German Doorn, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, Danish and Norwegian torn, Swedish torn, törne, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). Further cognates include Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Russian тёрн (tjorn), Polish cierń, Kamkata-viri taňí, taí (“thorn”), Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thorns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thorn (plural thorns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"A sharp protective spine of a plant."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A sharp protective spine of a plant."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the white thorn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "the cockspur thorn",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any shrub or small tree that bears thorns, especially a hawthorn."
],
"links": [
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"That which pricks or annoys; anything troublesome."
],
"links": [
[
"prick",
"prick"
],
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) That which pricks or annoys; anything troublesome."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "See also Etymology of ye (definite article)."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A letter of Latin script (capital: Þ, small: þ), borrowed from the futhark; today used only in Icelandic to represent the voiceless dental fricative, but originally used in several early Germanic scripts, including Old English where it represented the dental fricatives that are today written th (Old English did not have phonemic voicing distinctions for fricatives)."
],
"links": [
[
"Latin script",
"Latin script"
],
[
"Þ",
"Þ"
],
[
"þ",
"þ"
],
[
"futhark",
"futhark"
],
[
"Old English",
"Old English"
],
[
"phonemic",
"phonemic"
],
[
"voicing",
"voicing"
],
[
"fricative",
"fricative"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θoɹn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[θo̞ɹn]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːɹn/",
"note": "rhotic"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"note": "non-rhotic"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg/En-uk-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg/En-us-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "abq",
"lang": "Abaza",
"roman": "mɣə",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "мгъы"
},
{
"code": "aa",
"lang": "Afar",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "keena"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "doring"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ferrë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔasala",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "أَسَلَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šawka",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "شَوْكَة"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šōk",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"collective",
"masculine"
],
"word": "شوك"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šōka",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine",
"singulative"
],
"word": "شوكة"
},
{
"code": "aqc",
"lang": "Archi",
"roman": "cac",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "цац"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʿuš",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "փուշ"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "schin"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "kãit",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "কাঁইট"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "kõta",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "কঁটা"
},
{
"code": "av",
"lang": "Avar",
"roman": "zaz",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "заз"
},
{
"code": "ay",
"lang": "Aymara",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ch'aphi"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tikan"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "arantza"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "elorri"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trǎn",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трън"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bodil",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бодил"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hcu:",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ဆူး"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "aculi"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "espina"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "eculi"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "agulló"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "fibló"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"code": "mel",
"lang": "Central Melanau",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duwei"
},
{
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kajpayi"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cì",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "刺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "荊棘"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīngjí",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "荆棘"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dren"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trn"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "osten"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spaina"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "doorn"
},
{
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "srt",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "s-r:*t-M44"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "dorno"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "astel"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "okas"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "oga"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tornur"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "piikki"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "oka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ora"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ota"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "oas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "épine"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spine"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "spin"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espiña"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sevia"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "áscura"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espunlla"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puga"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "eḳali",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ეკალი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dorn"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agkáthi",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "αγκάθι"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ákantha",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἄκανθα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shayit",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שַׁיִת"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kotz",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קֹוץ"
},
{
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "dugi"
},
{
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tunok"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kā̃ṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "काँटा"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tüske"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tövis"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dealg"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "aculeo"
},
{
"alt": "とげ, toge, いら, ira",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "刺"
},
{
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "棘"
},
{
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "茨"
},
{
"alt": "とげ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toge",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "荊"
},
{
"code": "jra",
"lang": "Jarai",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "drơi"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"roman": "eri",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ꦲꦼꦫꦶ"
},
{
"code": "bsh",
"lang": "Kamkata-vari",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Kamviri"
],
"word": "taňí"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "bɑnlaa",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "បន្លា"
},
{
"code": "ki",
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-3"
],
"word": "mũigua"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gasi",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "가시"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "dirrû",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "دِڕوو"
},
{
"code": "lki",
"lang": "Laki",
"roman": "dirrk",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "دِڕک"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "strî"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "dirrî"
},
{
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"roman": "dirrig",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "دِڕِگ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "nām",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ໜາມ"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ierškiezs"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spīna"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ērkšķis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dzelonis"
},
{
"code": "lez",
"lang": "Lezgi",
"roman": "caz",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "цаз"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "rakis"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Doorn"
},
{
"code": "luy",
"lang": "Luhya",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kumwiva"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trn",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трн"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "bula",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ᠪᡠᠯᠠ"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "saihūwa",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ᠰᠠᡳᡥᡡᠸᠠ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ngita"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kaṇṭak",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कंटक"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kāṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "काटा"
},
{
"code": "mrw",
"lang": "Maranao",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tenek"
},
{
"code": "mnw",
"lang": "Mon",
"roman": "həlɛ̀ˀ",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ဓလ"
},
{
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8"
],
"word": "shiɓa"
},
{
"code": "frr",
"lang": "North Frisian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"Sylt",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tuurn"
},
{
"code": "nod",
"lang": "Northern Thai",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ᩉ᩠ᨶᩣ᩠ᨾ"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espina"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"code": "kaw",
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duri"
},
{
"code": "kaw",
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "rwi"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "diken",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "دیكن"
},
{
"code": "pwn",
"lang": "Paiwan",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "djui"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "aγzai",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اغزی"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xâr",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "خار"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ğaž",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "غاژ"
},
{
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dren"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kolec"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cierń"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "espinho"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "acúleo"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "t'uksi"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kichka"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kaşa"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "spin"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ghimpe"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spegna"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šip",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шип"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koljúčka",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "колю́чка"
},
{
"code": "ssy",
"lang": "Saho",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "keena"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "kaṇṭaka",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "कण्टक"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ispina"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spina"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stob"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "droigheann"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dealg"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trn"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tŕň"
},
{
"code": "so",
"lang": "Somali",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "qodax"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "espina"
},
{
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "rucuk"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4"
],
"word": "mwiba"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "törne"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tinik"
},
{
"code": "tsg",
"lang": "Tausug",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "tunuk"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "mullu",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "ముల్లు"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kaṇṭakamu",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "కంటకము"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nǎam",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "หนาม"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "diken"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "kā̃ṭā",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "کانٹا"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "gai"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "draenen"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "toarne"
},
{
"code": "mbb",
"lang": "Western Bukidnon Manobo",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "duɣi"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "dorn",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "דאָרן"
},
{
"code": "zne",
"lang": "Zande",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "kiwe"
},
{
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"sense": "sharp protective spine of a plant",
"word": "gǃqhàẽ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trǎn",
"sense": "any shrub or small tree that bears thorns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трън"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any shrub or small tree that bears thorns",
"word": "piikkipensas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "figuratively: that which pricks",
"word": "piikki"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "skólops",
"sense": "figuratively: that which pricks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σκόλοψ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "dorno"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "son",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "손"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "торн"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "thorn"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "ba"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "torn",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "торн"
},
{
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"sense": "letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)",
"word": "gǃhàã"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Requests for review of Afrikaans translations",
"Requests for review of Albanian translations",
"Requests for review of Crimean Tatar translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Icelandic translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Romanian translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"en:Latin letter names",
"en:Pome fruits",
"en:Runic letter names"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "þorn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þornu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þornu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnuz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)ter-",
"3": "",
"4": "stiff"
},
"expansion": "*(s)ter- (“stiff”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "toarn"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian toarn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Doorn"
},
"expansion": "Low German Doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "torn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish torn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "törne"
},
"expansion": "törne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"3": "",
"4": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cierń"
},
"expansion": "Polish cierń",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "taňí"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri taňí",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "taí",
"t": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "taí (“thorn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"t": "grass",
"tr": "tṛ́ṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thorn, þorn, from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þornu, from Proto-Germanic *þurnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).\ncognates\nNear cognates include West Frisian toarn, Low German Doorn, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, Danish and Norwegian torn, Swedish torn, törne, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). Further cognates include Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Russian тёрн (tjorn), Polish cierń, Kamkata-viri taňí, taí (“thorn”), Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thorns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thorning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thorn (third-person singular simple present thorns, present participle thorning, simple past and past participle thorned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "eth"
},
{
"word": "edh"
},
{
"word": "eð"
},
{
"word": "ð"
},
{
"word": "wynn"
},
{
"word": "wen"
},
{
"word": "ƿ"
},
{
"word": "ᚦ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1869, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Old Town Folks",
"text": "[…] human nature is, above all things, lazy, and needs to be thorned and goaded up those heights where it ought to fly.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Scott D. Zachary, Scorn This, page 175",
"text": "Even Judge Bradley's callused sentiments were thorned by the narration of Jaclyn's journals.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pierce with, or as if with, a thorn (sharp pointed object)."
],
"links": [
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
],
[
"thorn",
"#Noun"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θoɹn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[θo̞ɹn]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːɹn/",
"note": "rhotic"
},
{
"ipa": "/θɔːn/",
"note": "non-rhotic"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg/En-uk-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-uk-thorn.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thorn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg/En-us-thorn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/En-us-thorn.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "boda",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "бода"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "espiñar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn",
"word": "espinhar"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Foods",
"enm:Letter names",
"enm:Plants",
"enm:Shrubs",
"enm:Trees",
"enm:Woods"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hawthorn"
},
{
"word": "thevethorn"
},
{
"word": "thornbak"
},
{
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"word": "thornetre"
},
{
"word": "thorny"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "English: thorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thorn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thorn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "torn",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Shetland"
},
"expansion": "(Shetland)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thorn; torn (Shetland)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "thoornes",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: thoornes, thorns, thurns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: thoornes, thorns, thurns"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English þorn",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thornes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "thorn",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thornes"
},
"expansion": "thorn (plural thornes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A thorn (spine on a plant with a sharp point)"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Thorn or eth (the letter þ and/or ð)"
],
"links": [
[
"Thorn",
"thorn#English"
],
[
"eth",
"eth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A plant having thorns, especially the hawthorn or rosebush."
],
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
],
[
"rosebush",
"rosebush"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"links": [
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoːrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θrɔn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thorne"
},
{
"word": "thron"
},
{
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"word": "þorne"
},
{
"word": "þron"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dōrn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dōrn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dōrn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Däörn",
"3": "Doorn",
"4": "Dorn",
"5": "Durn"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þornu",
"t": "thorn, sloe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þornu (“thorn, sloe”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "English thorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "doorn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch doorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German thorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German Dorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þorn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "törne"
},
"expansion": "Swedish törne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "трънъ",
"sc": "Cyrs"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тёрн",
"3": "",
"4": "sloe, blackthorn"
},
"expansion": "Russian тёрн (tjorn, “sloe, blackthorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"3": "",
"4": "grass"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þornu (“thorn, sloe”).\nCognates\nGermanic cognates include Old English þorn (English thorn), Dutch doorn, Old High German thorn (German Dorn), Old Norse þorn (Swedish törne), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). The Indo-European root is also the source of Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ) (Russian тёрн (tjorn, “sloe, blackthorn”)), Sanskrit तृण (tṛṇa, “grass”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thornes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "thorn m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "thorn m",
"name": "osx-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thorn"
},
"name": "osx-decl-noun-a-m"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon a-stem nouns",
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon masculine nouns",
"Old Saxon nouns",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"thorn; thorny bush"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"called_from": "translations/369",
"msg": "unrecognized prefix (language name?) in translation item: Kata-vari: taí",
"path": [
"thorn"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "thorn",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/369",
"msg": "unrecognized prefix (language name?) in translation item: Madarin: Þ (zh)",
"path": [
"thorn"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "thorn",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.