"thornen" meaning in All languages combined

See thornen on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

Forms: more thornen [comparative], most thornen [superlative]
Etymology: From Middle English thornen, from Old English þyrnen (“thorny, of thorns”), from Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”), equivalent to thorn + -en. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|thornen}} Middle English thornen, {{inh|en|ang|þyrnen|t=thorny, of thorns}} Old English þyrnen (“thorny, of thorns”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*þurnīn}} Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*þurnīnaz|t=of thorns}} Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”), {{suf|en|thorn|en|id2=made of}} thorn + -en Head templates: {{en-adj}} thornen (comparative more thornen, superlative most thornen)
  1. (dialectal or obsolete) Made of or consisting of thorns. Tags: dialectal, obsolete
    Sense id: en-thornen-en-adj-qOREua0y Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -en (made of), Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival), Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 55 37 4 4 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 49 32 10 10 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 68 25 4 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 60 34 3 3

Adjective [Middle English]

IPA: /ˈθɔrnən/, /ˈθoːrnən/
Etymology: Inherited from Old English þyrnen, from Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”), equivalent to thorn + -en (“made of”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|þyrnen|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English þyrnen, {{inh+|enm|ang|þyrnen}} Inherited from Old English þyrnen, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*þurnīn}} Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*þurnīnaz||of thorns}} Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”), {{af|enm|thorn|-en|id2=made of|t2=made of}} thorn + -en (“made of”) Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective||{{{1}}}||{{{2}}}||{{{3}}}|head=}} thornen, {{enm-adj}} thornen
  1. Composed of thorns or thorny plants; made of or consisting of thorns. Categories (lifeform): Plants Synonyms: thornnen, þeornen
    Sense id: en-thornen-enm-adj-enm:made_of_thorns Disambiguation of Plants: 82 9 9 Categories (other): Middle English terms suffixed with -en (made of)
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: þornen
Etymology number: 1

Verb [Middle English]

IPA: /ˈθɔrnən/, /ˈθoːrnən/
Etymology: From thorn + -en (infinitival suffix). Etymology templates: {{af|enm|thorn|-en|id2=infinitival|pos2=infinitival suffix}} thorn + -en (infinitival suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb}} thornen Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|thorn}} Forms: weak [table-tags], thornen [infinitive], to thornen [infinitive], thorne [infinitive], thorne [first-person, present, singular], thorned [first-person, past, singular], thornest [present, second-person, singular], thornedest [past, second-person, singular], thorneth [present, singular, third-person], thorned [past, singular, third-person], thorne [present, singular, subjunctive], thorned [past, singular, subjunctive], thorne [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], thornen [plural, present], thorne [plural, present], thorneden [past, plural], thornede [past, plural], thorneth [imperative, plural, present], thorne [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], thornynge [participle, present], thornende [participle, present], thorned [participle, past], ythorned [participle, past]
  1. To thorn; to poke as with thorns. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-thornen-enm-verb-enm:to_poke_or_have_thorns
  2. To have or grow thorns. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-thornen-enm-verb-esZyddf7
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: þornen, thorne, thorny
Etymology number: 2

Alternative forms

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        "(dialectal or obsolete) Made of or consisting of thorns."
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      "form": "thornest",
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      "form": "thorned",
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      "form": "thorned",
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      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "present"
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        "present"
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    {
      "form": "thorneden",
      "source": "conjugation",
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    {
      "form": "thornede",
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        "plural"
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    {
      "form": "thornynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "present"
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      "form": "thornende",
      "source": "conjugation",
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    {
      "form": "thorned",
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    {
      "form": "ythorned",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "To thorn; to poke as with thorns."
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      "_dis1": "0 0",
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  "etymology_text": "From Middle English thornen, from Old English þyrnen (“thorny, of thorns”), from Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”), equivalent to thorn + -en.",
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          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Made of or consisting of thorns."
      ],
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          "thorn"
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        "(dialectal or obsolete) Made of or consisting of thorns."
      ],
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    }
  ],
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}

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    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (made of)",
    "Middle English terms with rare senses",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Plants"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "thornen"
          },
          "expansion": "English: thornen",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: thornen (obsolete)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "þyrnen",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English þyrnen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "þyrnen"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English þyrnen",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*þurnīn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þurnīnaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "of thorns"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "thorn",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "made of",
        "t2": "made of"
      },
      "expansion": "thorn + -en (“made of”)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þyrnen, from Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”), equivalent to thorn + -en (“made of”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{1}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{3}}}",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "thornen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "thornen",
      "name": "enm-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Composed of thorns or thorny plants; made of or consisting of thorns."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thorn",
          "thorn"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:made of thorns"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθɔrnən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθoːrnən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "thornnen"
    },
    {
      "word": "þeornen"
    },
    {
      "word": "þornen"
    }
  ],
  "word": "thornen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
    "Middle English terms with rare senses",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Plants"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "thorn"
          },
          "expansion": "English: thorn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: thorn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "thorn",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "thorn + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From thorn + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thornen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to thornen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thornest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thornedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thornen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorneden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thornede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thornynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thornende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "thorned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ythorned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "thornen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "thorn"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To thorn; to poke as with thorns."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:to poke or have thorns"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To have or grow thorns."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "have",
          "have"
        ],
        [
          "grow",
          "grow"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθɔrnən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθoːrnən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "thorne"
    },
    {
      "word": "thorny"
    },
    {
      "word": "þornen"
    }
  ],
  "word": "thornen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for thornen meaning in All languages combined (8.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.