See thornen on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for thornen meaning in All languages combined (8.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thornen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thornen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þyrnen",
"t": "thorny, of thorns"
},
"expansion": "Old English þyrnen (“thorny, of thorns”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þurnīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnīnaz",
"t": "of thorns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn",
"3": "en",
"id2": "made of"
},
"expansion": "thorn + -en",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thornen, from Old English þyrnen (“thorny, of thorns”), from Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”), equivalent to thorn + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more thornen",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most thornen",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thornen (comparative more thornen, superlative most thornen)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -en (made of)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "56 37 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 36 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 34 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1897, Frederick Hancock, The parish of Selworthy in the county of Somerset, page 233",
"text": "In that district it was a favourite remedy for scald head in a baby to hang cotton wool on a \"thornen hedge\" by moonlight.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Made of or consisting of thorns."
],
"id": "en-thornen-en-adj-qOREua0y",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal or obsolete) Made of or consisting of thorns."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "thornen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thornen"
},
"expansion": "English: thornen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: thornen (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þyrnen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English þyrnen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þyrnen"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English þyrnen",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þurnīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnīnaz",
"4": "",
"5": "of thorns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thorn",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "made of",
"t2": "made of"
},
"expansion": "thorn + -en (“made of”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þyrnen, from Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”), equivalent to thorn + -en (“made of”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "thornen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thornen",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (made of)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 10 10",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Composed of thorns or thorny plants; made of or consisting of thorns."
],
"id": "en-thornen-enm-adj-enm:made_of_thorns",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:made of thorns"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thornnen"
},
{
"word": "þeornen"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɔrnən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈθoːrnən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "þornen"
}
],
"word": "thornen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "English: thorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thorn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thorn",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "thorn + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From thorn + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "thornen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to thornen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thorneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thornede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thornynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thornende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ythorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "thornen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thorn"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To thorn; to poke as with thorns."
],
"id": "en-thornen-enm-verb-enm:to_poke_or_have_thorns",
"senseid": [
"enm:to poke or have thorns"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To have or grow thorns."
],
"id": "en-thornen-enm-verb-esZyddf7",
"links": [
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɔrnən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈθoːrnən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "þornen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "thorne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "thorny"
}
],
"word": "thornen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Plants"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thornen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thornen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þyrnen",
"t": "thorny, of thorns"
},
"expansion": "Old English þyrnen (“thorny, of thorns”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þurnīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnīnaz",
"t": "of thorns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn",
"3": "en",
"id2": "made of"
},
"expansion": "thorn + -en",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thornen, from Old English þyrnen (“thorny, of thorns”), from Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”), equivalent to thorn + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more thornen",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most thornen",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thornen (comparative more thornen, superlative most thornen)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English dialectal terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -en (made of)",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1897, Frederick Hancock, The parish of Selworthy in the county of Somerset, page 233",
"text": "In that district it was a favourite remedy for scald head in a baby to hang cotton wool on a \"thornen hedge\" by moonlight.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Made of or consisting of thorns."
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal or obsolete) Made of or consisting of thorns."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "thornen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (made of)",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thornen"
},
"expansion": "English: thornen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: thornen (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þyrnen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English þyrnen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þyrnen"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English þyrnen",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þurnīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnīnaz",
"4": "",
"5": "of thorns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thorn",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "made of",
"t2": "made of"
},
"expansion": "thorn + -en (“made of”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þyrnen, from Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”), equivalent to thorn + -en (“made of”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "thornen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thornen",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Composed of thorns or thorny plants; made of or consisting of thorns."
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:made of thorns"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɔrnən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈθoːrnən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thornnen"
},
{
"word": "þeornen"
},
{
"word": "þornen"
}
],
"word": "thornen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "English: thorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thorn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thorn",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "thorn + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From thorn + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "thornen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to thornen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thorneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thornede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thornynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thornende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ythorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "thornen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thorn"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To thorn; to poke as with thorns."
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to poke or have thorns"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To have or grow thorns."
],
"links": [
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɔrnən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈθoːrnən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thorne"
},
{
"word": "thorny"
},
{
"word": "þornen"
}
],
"word": "thornen"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.