See thornen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thornen"
},
"expansion": "English: thornen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: thornen (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þyrnen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English þyrnen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þyrnen"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English þyrnen",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þurnīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnīnaz",
"4": "",
"5": "of thorns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thorn",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "made of",
"t2": "made of"
},
"expansion": "thorn + -en (“made of”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þyrnen, from Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”), equivalent to thorn + -en (“made of”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "thornen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thornen",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (made of)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 9 9",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Composed of thorns or thorny plants; made of or consisting of thorns."
],
"id": "en-thornen-enm-adj-enm:made_of_thorns",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:made of thorns"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thornnen"
},
{
"word": "þeornen"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɔrnən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈθoːrnən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "þornen"
}
],
"word": "thornen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "English: thorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thorn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thorn",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "thorn + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From thorn + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "thornen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to thornen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thorneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thornede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thornynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thornende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ythorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "thornen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thorn"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To thorn; to poke as with thorns."
],
"id": "en-thornen-enm-verb-enm:to_poke_or_have_thorns",
"senseid": [
"enm:to poke or have thorns"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To have or grow thorns."
],
"id": "en-thornen-enm-verb-esZyddf7",
"links": [
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɔrnən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈθoːrnən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "þornen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "thorne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "thorny"
}
],
"word": "thornen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (made of)",
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thornen"
},
"expansion": "English: thornen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: thornen (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þyrnen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English þyrnen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þyrnen"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English þyrnen",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þurnīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnīnaz",
"4": "",
"5": "of thorns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thorn",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "made of",
"t2": "made of"
},
"expansion": "thorn + -en (“made of”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þyrnen, from Proto-West Germanic *þurnīn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnīnaz (“of thorns”), equivalent to thorn + -en (“made of”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "thornen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thornen",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Composed of thorns or thorny plants; made of or consisting of thorns."
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:made of thorns"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɔrnən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈθoːrnən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thornnen"
},
{
"word": "þeornen"
},
{
"word": "þornen"
}
],
"word": "thornen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "English: thorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thorn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thorn",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "thorn + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From thorn + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "thornen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to thornen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thorneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thornen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorneden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thornede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thorneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thornynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thornende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ythorned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "thornen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thorn"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To thorn; to poke as with thorns."
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to poke or have thorns"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To have or grow thorns."
],
"links": [
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɔrnən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈθoːrnən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thorne"
},
{
"word": "thorny"
},
{
"word": "þornen"
}
],
"word": "thornen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for thornen meaning in Middle English (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.