"thorny" meaning in Middle English

See thorny in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈθɔrniː/, /ˈθoːrniː/
Etymology: From Old English þorniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *þornag. Equivalent to thorn + -y. Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|þorniġ}} Old English þorniġ, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*þornag}} Proto-West Germanic *þornag, {{af|enm|thorn|-y}} thorn + -y Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective||{{{1}}}||{{{2}}}||{{{3}}}|head=}} thorny, {{enm-adj}} thorny
  1. Having many thorns or spines; thorny.
    Sense id: en-thorny-enm-adj-UsRZDBic Categories (other): Middle English terms suffixed with -y Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -y: 55 26 19
  2. (rare) Covered in thorny plants. Tags: rare Categories (topical): Botany
    Sense id: en-thorny-enm-adj-B4NSMRiP Disambiguation of Botany: 11 52 8 29
  3. (rare) Having a shape like a thorn. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-thorny-enm-adj-Usz~QrH8
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: thornee, thornye, þorni, þorny
Etymology number: 1

Verb

Head templates: {{head|enm|verb}} thorny
  1. Alternative form of thornen Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: thornen
    Sense id: en-thorny-enm-verb-rmxAlmeI
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "thorny"
          },
          "expansion": "English: thorny",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: thorny"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "thorny"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: thorny",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: thorny"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "þorniġ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English þorniġ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*þornag"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þornag",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "thorn",
        "3": "-y"
      },
      "expansion": "thorn + -y",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English þorniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *þornag. Equivalent to thorn + -y.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{1}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{3}}}",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "thorny",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "thorny",
      "name": "enm-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 26 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Having many thorns or spines; thorny."
      ],
      "id": "en-thorny-enm-adj-UsRZDBic",
      "links": [
        [
          "thorns",
          "thorns"
        ],
        [
          "thorny",
          "thorny#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 52 8 29",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Botany",
          "orig": "enm:Botany",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Covered in thorny plants."
      ],
      "id": "en-thorny-enm-adj-B4NSMRiP",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Covered in thorny plants."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Having a shape like a thorn."
      ],
      "id": "en-thorny-enm-adj-Usz~QrH8",
      "links": [
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Having a shape like a thorn."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθɔrniː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθoːrniː/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "thornee"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "thornye"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "þorni"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "þorny"
    }
  ],
  "word": "thorny"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "thorny",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "thornen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of thornen"
      ],
      "id": "en-thorny-enm-verb-rmxAlmeI",
      "links": [
        [
          "thornen",
          "thornen#Middle_English:_to_poke_or_have_thorns"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "thorny"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -y",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Botany"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "thorny"
          },
          "expansion": "English: thorny",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: thorny"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "thorny"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: thorny",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: thorny"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "þorniġ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English þorniġ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*þornag"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þornag",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "thorn",
        "3": "-y"
      },
      "expansion": "thorn + -y",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English þorniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *þornag. Equivalent to thorn + -y.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{1}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{3}}}",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "thorny",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "thorny",
      "name": "enm-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Having many thorns or spines; thorny."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thorns",
          "thorns"
        ],
        [
          "thorny",
          "thorny#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Covered in thorny plants."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Covered in thorny plants."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Having a shape like a thorn."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Having a shape like a thorn."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθɔrniː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθoːrniː/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "thornee"
    },
    {
      "word": "thornye"
    },
    {
      "word": "þorni"
    },
    {
      "word": "þorny"
    }
  ],
  "word": "thorny"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Botany"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "thorny",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "thornen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of thornen"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thornen",
          "thornen#Middle_English:_to_poke_or_have_thorns"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "thorny"
}

Download raw JSONL data for thorny meaning in Middle English (2.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.