See thorny on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for thorny meaning in All languages combined (13.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "thornily"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "thorniness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "thorny broom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "thorny devil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "thorny lacewing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "thorny oyster"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "thorny restharrow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "thorny trefoil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "thorny worm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thorny"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thorny",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þorny"
},
"expansion": "þorny",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þorni"
},
"expansion": "þorni",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorniġ"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorniġ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þornag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þornag",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn",
"3": "y"
},
"expansion": "thorn + -y",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thorny, þorny, þorni, from Old English þorniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *þornag. Equivalent to thorn + -y.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thornier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "thorniest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "thorny (comparative thornier, superlative thorniest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 43 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -y",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 27 1 21 3 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 27 2 20 3 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having thorns or spines"
],
"id": "en-thorny-en-adj-W8lqob0-",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "prickly"
},
{
"word": "spiny"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šāʔik",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "شَائِك"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʻšot",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "փշոտ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "kãitia",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "কাঁইটীয়া"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "matunok"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bodliv",
"sense": "having thorns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бодлив"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trǎnliv",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "трънлив"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "tsutsayosdi",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "ᏧᏣᏲᏍᏗ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "dorna"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "piikikäs"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "okainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "épineux"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "dornig"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agkatherós",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "αγκαθερός"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "akánthinos",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "ἀκάνθινος"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "akanthṓdēs",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "ἀκανθώδης"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kotzaní",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "קֹוצָנִי"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "having thorns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "þyrnóttur"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "deilgneach"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "spíonach"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having thorns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spinoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "spīnifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "spīnōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "ērkšķains"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trnliv",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "трнлив"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bockav",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "боцкав"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "pūtaratara"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "kōtaratara"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "þorniġ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having thorns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ciernisty"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having thorns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kolczasty"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "espinhento"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "espinhoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koljúčij",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "колю́чий"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ternístyj",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "терни́стый"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "droighneach"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "deilgneach"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "espinoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having thorns",
"tags": [
"Argentina",
"Bolivia",
"Chile",
"Costa-Rica",
"Nicaragua"
],
"word": "espinudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "makamaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "matinik"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "dreiniog"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "pigog"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 October 10, Caroline Anders, “A TikTok bone salesman’s wall of spines reignites ethical debate over selling human remains”, in The Washington Post",
"text": "Museums have recently begun to confront the same thorny question, with several issuing public apologies for collecting the remains of people believed or known to have been enslaved.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Troublesome or vexatious"
],
"id": "en-thorny-en-adj-1DFQ3Omv",
"links": [
[
"Troublesome",
"troublesome"
],
[
"vexatious",
"vexatious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Troublesome or vexatious"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šāʔik",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "شَائِك"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "težǎk",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "тежък"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "truden",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "труден"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "dorna"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "okainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "épineux"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "dornig"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "schwierig"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "problematisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "spinoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trnliv",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "трнлив"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mačen",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "мачен"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "whakahōhā"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "kūrakuraku"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "pōrahurahu"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "whakatōwenewene"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "troublesome",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "najeżony"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "espinhoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ternístyj",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "терни́стый"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trúdnyj",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "тру́дный"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "espinoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "troublesome",
"tags": [
"Argentina",
"Chile",
"Guatemala",
"colloquial"
],
"word": "espinudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 89 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "peliagudo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1868, Louisa May Alcott, Good Wives",
"text": "Come, Jo, don't be thorny. After studying himself to a skeleton all the week, a fellow deserves petting, and ought to get it.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Aloof and irritable"
],
"id": "en-thorny-en-adj-lid5LA84",
"links": [
[
"Aloof",
"aloof"
],
[
"irritable",
"irritable"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɔːni/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɔɹni/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ni"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thorny.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thorny.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thorny.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thorny.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thorny.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "thorny"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorny"
},
"expansion": "English: thorny",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thorny"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thorny"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thorny",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thorny"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorniġ"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorniġ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þornag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þornag",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thorn",
"3": "-y"
},
"expansion": "thorn + -y",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English þorniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *þornag. Equivalent to thorn + -y.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "thorny",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thorny",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "78 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -y",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having many thorns or spines; thorny."
],
"id": "en-thorny-enm-adj-UsRZDBic",
"links": [
[
"thorns",
"thorns"
],
[
"thorny",
"thorny#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 74 12 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Covered in thorny plants."
],
"id": "en-thorny-enm-adj-B4NSMRiP",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Covered in thorny plants."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Having a shape like a thorn."
],
"id": "en-thorny-enm-adj-Usz~QrH8",
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Having a shape like a thorn."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɔrniː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈθoːrniː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "thornee"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "thornye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "þorni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "þorny"
}
],
"word": "thorny"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "thorny",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "thornen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of thornen"
],
"id": "en-thorny-enm-verb-rmxAlmeI",
"links": [
[
"thornen",
"thornen#Middle_English:_to_poke_or_have_thorns"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "thorny"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -y",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ni",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ni/2 syllables",
"enm:Botany"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "thornily"
},
{
"word": "thorniness"
},
{
"word": "thorny broom"
},
{
"word": "thorny devil"
},
{
"word": "thorny lacewing"
},
{
"word": "thorny oyster"
},
{
"word": "thorny restharrow"
},
{
"word": "thorny trefoil"
},
{
"word": "thorny worm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thorny"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thorny",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þorny"
},
"expansion": "þorny",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þorni"
},
"expansion": "þorni",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorniġ"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorniġ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þornag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þornag",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn",
"3": "y"
},
"expansion": "thorn + -y",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thorny, þorny, þorni, from Old English þorniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *þornag. Equivalent to thorn + -y.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thornier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "thorniest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "thorny (comparative thornier, superlative thorniest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Having thorns or spines"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "prickly"
},
{
"word": "spiny"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 October 10, Caroline Anders, “A TikTok bone salesman’s wall of spines reignites ethical debate over selling human remains”, in The Washington Post",
"text": "Museums have recently begun to confront the same thorny question, with several issuing public apologies for collecting the remains of people believed or known to have been enslaved.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Troublesome or vexatious"
],
"links": [
[
"Troublesome",
"troublesome"
],
[
"vexatious",
"vexatious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Troublesome or vexatious"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1868, Louisa May Alcott, Good Wives",
"text": "Come, Jo, don't be thorny. After studying himself to a skeleton all the week, a fellow deserves petting, and ought to get it.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Aloof and irritable"
],
"links": [
[
"Aloof",
"aloof"
],
[
"irritable",
"irritable"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɔːni/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɔɹni/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ni"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thorny.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thorny.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thorny.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thorny.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thorny.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šāʔik",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "شَائِك"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʻšot",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "փշոտ"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "kãitia",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "কাঁইটীয়া"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "matunok"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bodliv",
"sense": "having thorns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бодлив"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trǎnliv",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "трънлив"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "tsutsayosdi",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "ᏧᏣᏲᏍᏗ"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "dorna"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "piikikäs"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "okainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "épineux"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "dornig"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agkatherós",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "αγκαθερός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "akánthinos",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "ἀκάνθινος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "akanthṓdēs",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "ἀκανθώδης"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kotzaní",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "קֹוצָנִי"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "having thorns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "þyrnóttur"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "deilgneach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "spíonach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having thorns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spinoso"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "spīnifer"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "spīnōsus"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "ērkšķains"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trnliv",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "трнлив"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bockav",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "боцкав"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "pūtaratara"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "kōtaratara"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "þorniġ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having thorns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ciernisty"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having thorns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kolczasty"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "espinhento"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "espinhoso"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koljúčij",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "колю́чий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ternístyj",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "терни́стый"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "droighneach"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "deilgneach"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "espinoso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having thorns",
"tags": [
"Argentina",
"Bolivia",
"Chile",
"Costa-Rica",
"Nicaragua"
],
"word": "espinudo"
},
{
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "makamaka"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "matinik"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "dreiniog"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "having thorns",
"word": "pigog"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šāʔik",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "شَائِك"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "težǎk",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "тежък"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "truden",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "труден"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "dorna"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "okainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "épineux"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "dornig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "schwierig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "problematisch"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "spinoso"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trnliv",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "трнлив"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mačen",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "мачен"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "whakahōhā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "kūrakuraku"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "pōrahurahu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "whakatōwenewene"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "troublesome",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "najeżony"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "espinhoso"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ternístyj",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "терни́стый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trúdnyj",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "тру́дный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "espinoso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "troublesome",
"tags": [
"Argentina",
"Chile",
"Guatemala",
"colloquial"
],
"word": "espinudo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "troublesome",
"word": "peliagudo"
}
],
"word": "thorny"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -y",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Botany"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorny"
},
"expansion": "English: thorny",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thorny"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thorny"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thorny",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thorny"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorniġ"
},
"expansion": "Old English þorniġ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þornag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þornag",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thorn",
"3": "-y"
},
"expansion": "thorn + -y",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English þorniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *þornag. Equivalent to thorn + -y.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "thorny",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thorny",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Having many thorns or spines; thorny."
],
"links": [
[
"thorns",
"thorns"
],
[
"thorny",
"thorny#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Covered in thorny plants."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Covered in thorny plants."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Having a shape like a thorn."
],
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Having a shape like a thorn."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɔrniː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈθoːrniː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thornee"
},
{
"word": "thornye"
},
{
"word": "þorni"
},
{
"word": "þorny"
}
],
"word": "thorny"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Botany"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "thorny",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "thornen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of thornen"
],
"links": [
[
"thornen",
"thornen#Middle_English:_to_poke_or_have_thorns"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "thorny"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.