See 茨 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 茨 meaning in Japanese (14.8kB)
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
"tags": [
"common"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Common kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"briar, bramble"
],
"id": "en-茨-ja-character-pDmRtiNS",
"links": [
[
"briar",
"briar"
],
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "茨"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "いばら"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ubara/ → /ibara/\nSound shift from Old Japanese ubara (see below). Now the modern version of this term.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "茨",
"ruby": [
[
"茨",
"いばら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ibara",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いばら"
},
"expansion": "茨(いばら) • (ibara)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "A thorny plant that grows in the demon world. It constricts any unwary passerby.",
"ref": "1999 May 27, “魔界のイバラ”, in Vol.3, Konami",
"roman": "Makai ni seisoku suru ibara. Muri ni tōrō to suru mono ni karamitsuku.",
"ruby": [
[
"魔",
"ま"
],
[
"界",
"かい"
],
[
"魔",
"ま"
],
[
"界",
"かい"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
],
[
"息",
"そく"
],
[
"無",
"む"
],
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"通",
"とお"
],
[
"者",
"もの"
]
],
"text": "魔界に生息するイバラ。無理に通ろうとする者にからみつく。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble"
],
"id": "en-茨-ja-noun-eXo01fbt",
"links": [
[
"thorny",
"thorny"
],
[
"bush",
"bush"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"briar",
"briar"
],
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "刺"
},
{
"word": "棘"
},
{
"word": "針"
},
{
"word": "鍼"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kansai Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a thorn on a plant"
],
"id": "en-茨-ja-noun-C~XIMjUU",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional, chiefly Kansai) a thorn on a plant"
],
"tags": [
"Kansai",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 3 15 1 7 6 4 18 4 18 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 4 16 2 7 7 4 16 4 16 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 4 16 2 7 7 4 16 4 16 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 17 4 8 4 3 17 3 17 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "6 1 4 14 2 7 7 4 16 4 16 4 16",
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"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 44 5 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"general name for wild roses"
],
"id": "en-茨-ja-noun-didvPuKQ",
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"rose",
"rose"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"suffering, hardship, distress"
],
"id": "en-茨-ja-noun-435gHuz9",
"links": [
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) suffering, hardship, distress"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Architecture",
"orig": "ja:Architecture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Construction",
"orig": "ja:Construction",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Engineering",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the point where two curved lines come together, such as the tip of a cusped gable"
],
"id": "en-茨-ja-noun-WQrxWsGr",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"point",
"point"
],
[
"curved",
"curved"
],
[
"line",
"line"
],
[
"tip",
"tip"
],
[
"cusped",
"cusped"
],
[
"gable",
"gable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture, construction) the point where two curved lines come together, such as the tip of a cusped gable"
],
"topics": [
"architecture",
"business",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"during the Edo period, a downmarket prostitute"
],
"id": "en-茨-ja-noun-XSLc2oAI",
"links": [
[
"downmarket",
"downmarket"
],
[
"prostitute",
"prostitute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, slang) during the Edo period, a downmarket prostitute"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "端女郎"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いばら"
},
{
"ipa": "[iba̠ɾa̠]"
}
],
"word": "茨"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bara",
"ruby": [
[
"薔薇",
"ばら"
]
],
"word": "薔薇"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "うばら"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Used in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.\nAppears alongside the umara form (see below), suggesting possible prenasalization, perhaps realized as */umbara/.\nSuperseded by ibara above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "茨",
"ruby": [
[
"茨",
"うばら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ubara",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うばら"
},
"expansion": "茨(うばら) • (ubara)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
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}
],
"glosses": [
"a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble"
],
"id": "en-茨-ja-noun-eXo01fbt1",
"links": [
[
"thorny",
"thorny"
],
[
"bush",
"bush"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"briar",
"briar"
],
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 3 15 1 7 6 4 18 4 18 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "1 1 4 16 2 7 7 4 16 4 16 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 4 16 2 7 7 4 16 4 16 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 17 4 8 4 3 17 3 17 3 17",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 4 14 2 7 7 4 16 4 16 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"general name for wild roses"
],
"id": "en-茨-ja-noun-didvPuKQ1",
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"rose",
"rose"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) general name for wild roses"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝba̠ɾa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū",
"Prenasalized consonant",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "茨"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
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{
"args": {
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"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "うまら"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Used in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.\nAppears alongside the ubara form (see above), suggesting possible prenasalization, perhaps realized as */umbara/.\nSuperseded by ibara above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "茨",
"ruby": [
[
"茨",
"うまら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "umara",
"tags": [
"romanization"
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うまら"
},
"expansion": "茨(うまら) • (umara)",
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],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble"
],
"id": "en-茨-ja-noun-eXo01fbt1",
"links": [
[
"thorny",
"thorny"
],
[
"bush",
"bush"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"briar",
"briar"
],
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 3 15 1 7 6 4 18 4 18 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 4 16 2 7 7 4 16 4 16 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 4 16 2 7 7 4 16 4 16 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 17 4 8 4 3 17 3 17 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 4 14 2 7 7 4 16 4 16 4 16",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"general name for wild roses"
],
"id": "en-茨-ja-noun-didvPuKQ1",
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"rose",
"rose"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) general name for wild roses"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū",
"Prenasalized consonant",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "茨"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ん"
},
"expansion": "ん (n)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "む"
},
"expansion": "む (mu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ん"
},
"expansion": "ん (n)",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "む"
},
"expansion": "む (mu)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Appears in the Heian period, apparently as a shift from ubara. Used in The Tales of Ise dating to the early 900s CE.\nConsidering the earlier free alternation between ubara and umara, suggesting a possible prenasalized pronunciation such as */umbara/, this mubara may have arisen from an alternative spelling to clarify nasalization. Old Japanese orthography had no unambiguous means of specifying the nasal coda consonant ん (n), using む (mu) instead. In fact, the modern kana ん (n) developed from a hentaigana form of む (mu).\nSuperseded by ibara above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "茨",
"ruby": [
[
"茨",
"むばら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mubara",
"tags": [
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}
],
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},
"expansion": "茨(むばら) • (mubara)",
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"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble"
],
"id": "en-茨-ja-noun-eXo01fbt1",
"links": [
[
"thorny",
"thorny"
],
[
"bush",
"bush"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"briar",
"briar"
],
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
"_dis": "1 2 3 15 1 7 6 4 18 4 18 4 18",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "1 1 4 16 2 7 7 4 16 4 16 4 16",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "1 1 4 16 2 7 7 4 16 4 16 4 16",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 17 4 8 4 3 17 3 17 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 4 14 2 7 7 4 16 4 16 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"general name for wild roses"
],
"id": "en-茨-ja-noun-didvPuKQ1",
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"rose",
"rose"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) general name for wild roses"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[mɯ̟ᵝba̠ɾa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Heian period",
"Prenasalized consonant",
"The Tales of Ise",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "茨"
}
{
"categories": [
"Common kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading じ",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading し",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading いばら",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading うばら",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading うまら",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading むばら",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading あし",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading えばら",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading ばら",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading まつ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading まん",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 茨",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
"tags": [
"common"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"briar, bramble"
],
"links": [
[
"briar",
"briar"
],
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "茨"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 茨",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "いばら"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ubara/ → /ibara/\nSound shift from Old Japanese ubara (see below). Now the modern version of this term.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "茨",
"ruby": [
[
"茨",
"いばら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ibara",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いばら"
},
"expansion": "茨(いばら) • (ibara)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "A thorny plant that grows in the demon world. It constricts any unwary passerby.",
"ref": "1999 May 27, “魔界のイバラ”, in Vol.3, Konami",
"roman": "Makai ni seisoku suru ibara. Muri ni tōrō to suru mono ni karamitsuku.",
"ruby": [
[
"魔",
"ま"
],
[
"界",
"かい"
],
[
"魔",
"ま"
],
[
"界",
"かい"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
],
[
"息",
"そく"
],
[
"無",
"む"
],
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"通",
"とお"
],
[
"者",
"もの"
]
],
"text": "魔界に生息するイバラ。無理に通ろうとする者にからみつく。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble"
],
"links": [
[
"thorny",
"thorny"
],
[
"bush",
"bush"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"briar",
"briar"
],
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "刺"
},
{
"word": "棘"
},
{
"word": "針"
},
{
"word": "鍼"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Kansai Japanese",
"Regional Japanese"
],
"glosses": [
"a thorn on a plant"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional, chiefly Kansai) a thorn on a plant"
],
"tags": [
"Kansai",
"regional"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"general name for wild roses"
],
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"rose",
"rose"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"suffering, hardship, distress"
],
"links": [
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) suffering, hardship, distress"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Architecture",
"ja:Construction"
],
"glosses": [
"the point where two curved lines come together, such as the tip of a cusped gable"
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"point",
"point"
],
[
"curved",
"curved"
],
[
"line",
"line"
],
[
"tip",
"tip"
],
[
"cusped",
"cusped"
],
[
"gable",
"gable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture, construction) the point where two curved lines come together, such as the tip of a cusped gable"
],
"topics": [
"architecture",
"business",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese slang",
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"during the Edo period, a downmarket prostitute"
],
"links": [
[
"downmarket",
"downmarket"
],
[
"prostitute",
"prostitute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, slang) during the Edo period, a downmarket prostitute"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "端女郎"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "いばら"
},
{
"ipa": "[iba̠ɾa̠]"
}
],
"word": "茨"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 茨",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "bara",
"ruby": [
[
"薔薇",
"ばら"
]
],
"word": "薔薇"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "うばら"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Used in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.\nAppears alongside the umara form (see below), suggesting possible prenasalization, perhaps realized as */umbara/.\nSuperseded by ibara above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "茨",
"ruby": [
[
"茨",
"うばら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ubara",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うばら"
},
"expansion": "茨(うばら) • (ubara)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble"
],
"links": [
[
"thorny",
"thorny"
],
[
"bush",
"bush"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"briar",
"briar"
],
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"general name for wild roses"
],
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"rose",
"rose"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) general name for wild roses"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝba̠ɾa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū",
"Prenasalized consonant",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "茨"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 茨",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "うまら"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Used in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.\nAppears alongside the ubara form (see above), suggesting possible prenasalization, perhaps realized as */umbara/.\nSuperseded by ibara above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "茨",
"ruby": [
[
"茨",
"うまら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "umara",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うまら"
},
"expansion": "茨(うまら) • (umara)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble"
],
"links": [
[
"thorny",
"thorny"
],
[
"bush",
"bush"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"briar",
"briar"
],
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"general name for wild roses"
],
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"rose",
"rose"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) general name for wild roses"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū",
"Prenasalized consonant",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "茨"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 茨",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ん"
},
"expansion": "ん (n)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "む"
},
"expansion": "む (mu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ん"
},
"expansion": "ん (n)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "む"
},
"expansion": "む (mu)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Appears in the Heian period, apparently as a shift from ubara. Used in The Tales of Ise dating to the early 900s CE.\nConsidering the earlier free alternation between ubara and umara, suggesting a possible prenasalized pronunciation such as */umbara/, this mubara may have arisen from an alternative spelling to clarify nasalization. Old Japanese orthography had no unambiguous means of specifying the nasal coda consonant ん (n), using む (mu) instead. In fact, the modern kana ん (n) developed from a hentaigana form of む (mu).\nSuperseded by ibara above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "茨",
"ruby": [
[
"茨",
"むばら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mubara",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "むばら"
},
"expansion": "茨(むばら) • (mubara)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble"
],
"links": [
[
"thorny",
"thorny"
],
[
"bush",
"bush"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"briar",
"briar"
],
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"general name for wild roses"
],
"links": [
[
"wild",
"wild"
],
[
"rose",
"rose"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) general name for wild roses"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[mɯ̟ᵝba̠ɾa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Heian period",
"Prenasalized consonant",
"The Tales of Ise",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "茨"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"茨"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "茨",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"茨"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "茨",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"茨"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "茨",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"茨"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "茨",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.