See thorn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for thorn meaning in Middle English (10.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hawthorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thevethorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornbak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thornetre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorny"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "English: thorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thorn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thorn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "torn",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Shetland"
},
"expansion": "(Shetland)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thorn; torn (Shetland)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "thoornes",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: thoornes, thorns, thurns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: thoornes, thorns, thurns"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English þorn",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thornes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "thorn",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thornes"
},
"expansion": "thorn (plural thornes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 10 35 16 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 24 13 21",
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"parents": [
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 24 10 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
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"parents": [
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"Lifeforms",
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"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 24 14 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "enm:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 24 18 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "enm:Woods",
"parents": [
"Natural materials",
"Trees",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Plants",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Lifeforms",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thorn (spine on a plant with a sharp point)"
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-cOguSMYX",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 10 35 16 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
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"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 29 16 17 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Letter names",
"orig": "enm:Letter names",
"parents": [
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
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{
"_dis": "25 18 24 13 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
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"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 24 10 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Shrubs",
"orig": "enm:Shrubs",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
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"Nature"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 24 14 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "enm:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 24 18 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "enm:Woods",
"parents": [
"Natural materials",
"Trees",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Plants",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Lifeforms",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thorn or eth (the letter þ and/or ð)"
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-dFwDCNAd",
"links": [
[
"Thorn",
"thorn#English"
],
[
"eth",
"eth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 10 35 16 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 24 13 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 24 10 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Shrubs",
"orig": "enm:Shrubs",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 24 14 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "enm:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 24 18 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "enm:Woods",
"parents": [
"Natural materials",
"Trees",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Plants",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Lifeforms",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A plant having thorns, especially the hawthorn or rosebush."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-kl2mG8B7",
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
],
[
"rosebush",
"rosebush"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 10 35 16 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 24 13 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 24 10 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
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"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
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},
{
"_dis": "24 18 24 14 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
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"name": "Trees",
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"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 24 18 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "enm:Woods",
"parents": [
"Natural materials",
"Trees",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Plants",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Lifeforms",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-bCyoUKEK",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 24 19 5 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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{
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{
"_dis": "29 10 35 16 10",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 17 13 31",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "enm:Foods",
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"Eating",
"Food and drink",
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"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 18 24 13 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
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"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
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"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 24 10 26",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Shrubs",
"orig": "enm:Shrubs",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 24 14 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "enm:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 24 18 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "enm:Woods",
"parents": [
"Natural materials",
"Trees",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Plants",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Lifeforms",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"id": "en-thorn-enm-noun-Kp-9mzov",
"links": [
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoːrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θrɔn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thron"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thurne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "þorne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "þron"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Foods",
"enm:Letter names",
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"enm:Shrubs",
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"enm:Woods"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hawthorn"
},
{
"word": "thevethorn"
},
{
"word": "thornbak"
},
{
"word": "thornen"
},
{
"word": "thornetre"
},
{
"word": "thorny"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "English: thorn",
"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "English: thorn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thorn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "torn"
},
"expansion": "torn",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Shetland"
},
"expansion": "(Shetland)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thorn; torn (Shetland)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "thoornes",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: thoornes, thorns, thurns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: thoornes, thorns, thurns"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English þorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English þorn",
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},
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"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
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"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þorn",
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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"3": "*þurnaz"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English þorn, from Proto-West Germanic *þorn, from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thornes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"g": "",
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"expansion": "thorn",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "thornes"
},
"expansion": "thorn (plural thornes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A thorn (spine on a plant with a sharp point)"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Thorn or eth (the letter þ and/or ð)"
],
"links": [
[
"Thorn",
"thorn#English"
],
[
"eth",
"eth"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A plant having thorns, especially the hawthorn or rosebush."
],
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
],
[
"rosebush",
"rosebush"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Thorns pulled from the ground for burning."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"links": [
[
"hawthorn",
"hawthorn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A dish incorporating hawthorn."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɔrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θoːrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/θrɔn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thorne"
},
{
"word": "thron"
},
{
"word": "thurne"
},
{
"word": "þorn"
},
{
"word": "þorne"
},
{
"word": "þron"
}
],
"word": "thorn"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.