See rook in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rook meaning in English (53.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Johnny rook"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rook and rabbit rifle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rookery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rook rifle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rok",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "roke"
},
"expansion": "roke",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrōc"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrōc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrōk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrōk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōkaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrókr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrókr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Rouk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Rouk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roek"
},
"expansion": "Dutch roek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Ruch"
},
"expansion": "German Ruch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kerk-",
"t": "crow, raven"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kerk- (“crow, raven”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cerc",
"3": "",
"4": "hen"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cerc (“hen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kerko",
"3": "",
"4": "loon, diver"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian kerko (“loon, diver”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кро́кон",
"3": "",
"4": "raven"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian кро́кон (krókon, “raven”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόραξ",
"3": "",
"4": "crow"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόραξ (kórax, “crow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ագռաւ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ագռաւ (agṙaw)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀𐬝",
"t": "rooster"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀𐬝 (kahrkatat̰, “rooster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कृकर",
"t": "rooster"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कृकर (kṛkara, “rooster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "крук",
"3": "",
"4": "raven"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian крук (kruk, “raven”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "parson"
},
"expansion": "(parson):",
"name": "sense"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* From Middle English rok, roke, from Old English hrōc, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōk, from Proto-Germanic *hrōkaz (compare Old Norse hrókr, Saterland Frisian Rouk, Dutch roek, obsolete German Ruch), from Proto-Indo-European *kerk- (“crow, raven”) (compare Old Irish cerc (“hen”), Old Prussian kerko (“loon, diver”), dialectal Bulgarian кро́кон (krókon, “raven”), Ancient Greek κόραξ (kórax, “crow”), Old Armenian ագռաւ (agṙaw), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀𐬝 (kahrkatat̰, “rooster”), Sanskrit कृकर (kṛkara, “rooster”)), Ukrainian крук (kruk, “raven”).\n* (parson): Probably from the resemblance in plumage to a parson's garments.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rooks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "rook (countable and uncountable, plural rooks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "squab"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 28 6 27 19 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 21 3 18 12 0 5 0 9 3 2 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 3 19 13 2 4 2 8 4 4 3 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Corvids",
"orig": "en:Corvids",
"parents": [
"Corvoid birds",
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1768, Thomas Pennant, British Zoology, page 168",
"text": "But what distinguishes the rook from the crow is the bill; the nostrils, chin, and sides of that and the mouth being in old birds white and bared of feathers, by often thrusting the bill into the ground in search of the erucæ of the Dor-beetle*; the rook then, instead of being proscribed, should be treated as the farmer's friend; as it clears his ground from caterpillars, that do incredible damage by eating the roots of the corn.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A European bird, Corvus frugilegus, of the crow family."
],
"id": "en-rook-en-noun-LGhN7JX7",
"links": [
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"Corvus frugilegus",
"Corvus frugilegus#Translingual"
],
[
"crow",
"crow"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "gralla"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "sermnagṙav",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "սերմնագռավ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "graya"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "grayu"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "zağca"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ipar-bele"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hrak",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "грак"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "posévna vrána",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "посе́вна вра́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pólska vrána",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "по́лска вра́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "graula"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "qʼig",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "къиг"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "禿鼻鴉"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tūbíyā",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "秃鼻鸦"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "白嘴鴉"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "báizuǐyā",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "白嘴鸦"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "havran"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "råge"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roek"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "frugilego"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "kampokorvo"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "felliskráka"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hjaltakráka"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "mustavaris"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corbeau freux"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "freux"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gralla"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "č̣ilq̇vavi",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ჭილყვავი"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Saatkrähe"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chavaróni",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χαβαρόνι"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "starokórakas",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σταροκόρακας"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "'orév mizrá'",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "עורב מזרע"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "vetési varjú"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bláhrafn"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rúcach"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corvo comune"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "miyamagarasu",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ミヤマガラス"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"alt": "みやまがらす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "miyamagarasu",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "深山烏"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"alt": "みやまがらす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "miyamagarasu",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "深山鴉"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"roman": "jırğıt",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "жыргъыт"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "qajû",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "قاژوو"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krauķis"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "kovas"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "kovarnis"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vrana gagec",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "врана гагец"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "polska vrana",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "полска врана"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trogh"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "troghan"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "troghan doo"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "gld",
"lang": "Nanai",
"roman": "toraki",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "тораки"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bealdovuoraš"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "kornkråke"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrōc"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "zağ",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "زاغ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zâğ",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "زاغ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gawron"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "gralha"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cioară de semănătură"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grač",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "грач"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "гакуша"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "gakuša"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "havran"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grakuša"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poljska vrana"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "graja"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "grajo"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "råka"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ekin kargası"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hrak",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "грак"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hájvoron",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "га́йворон"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ydfran"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 0 0 20 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brân bigwen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 28 6 27 19 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 21 3 18 12 0 5 0 9 3 2 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 3 19 13 2 4 2 8 4 4 3 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Corvids",
"orig": "en:Corvids",
"parents": [
"Corvoid birds",
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 21 0 10 0 25 0 0 7 0 18 10 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "7 April 1705, William Wycherley, Letter to Alexander Pope in The Works of Alexander Pope 36",
"text": "So I am (like an old rook, who is ruined by gaming) forced to live on the good fortune of the pushing young men, whose fancies are so vigorous that they ensure their success in their adventures with Muses, by their strength and imagination."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cheat or swindler; someone who betrays."
],
"id": "en-rook-en-noun-JyGZ3q6P",
"links": [
[
"cheat",
"cheat"
],
[
"swindler",
"swindler"
],
[
"betray",
"betray"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "deceiver"
},
{
"word": "fraudster"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmamnik",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "измамник"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mošenik",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мошеник"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "swindler",
"word": "ketku"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "swindler",
"word": "petturi"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "swindler",
"word": "huijari"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schwindler"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwindlerin"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Betrüger"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Betrügerin"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gauner"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gaunerin"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apateónas",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "απατεώνας"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agýrtis",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αγύρτης"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chartokléftis",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χαρτοκλέφτης"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žúlik",
"sense": "swindler",
"word": "жу́лик"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mošénnik",
"sense": "swindler",
"word": "моше́нник"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "plut",
"sense": "swindler",
"word": "плут"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šúler",
"sense": "swindler",
"word": "шу́лер"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šélʹma",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ше́льма"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "aferíst",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "афери́ст"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 72 1 11 5 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "swindler",
"word": "dolandırıcı"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A bad deal; a rip-off."
],
"id": "en-rook-en-noun-KQRrDWPS",
"links": [
[
"rip-off",
"rip-off"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 28 6 27 19 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 21 3 18 12 0 5 0 9 3 2 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 3 19 13 2 4 2 8 4 4 3 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Corvids",
"orig": "en:Corvids",
"parents": [
"Corvoid birds",
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 21 0 10 0 25 0 0 7 0 18 10 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of firecracker used by farmers to scare birds of the same name."
],
"id": "en-rook-en-noun-67LPSpvI",
"links": [
[
"firecracker",
"firecracker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Britain) A type of firecracker used by farmers to scare birds of the same name."
],
"tags": [
"Britain",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 28 6 27 19 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 21 3 18 12 0 5 0 9 3 2 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 13 3 19 13 2 4 2 8 4 4 3 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Corvids",
"orig": "en:Corvids",
"parents": [
"Corvoid birds",
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Malcolm Bull, Keith Lockhart, Seeking a Sanctuary: Seventh-day Adventism and the American Dream, page 174",
"text": "Adventists still do not really know how to play cards, apart from the sanitized version of bridge, Rook.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A trick-taking game, usually played with a specialized deck of cards."
],
"id": "en-rook-en-noun-WcZUJdAc",
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) A trick-taking game, usually played with a specialized deck of cards."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 21 0 10 0 25 0 0 7 0 18 10 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A parson."
],
"id": "en-rook-en-noun-jhbb8pQu",
"links": [
[
"parson",
"parson"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, archaic) A parson."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʊk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹuːk/",
"note": "sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete"
},
{
"homophone": "ruck (most accents without foot-strut split)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rook.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg/En-us-rook.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "19 35 2 5 36 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "card game",
"word": "rook"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 35 2 5 36 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "card game",
"word": "rook-korttipeli"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rook (bird)"
],
"word": "rook"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rok",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "roke"
},
"expansion": "roke",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrōc"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrōc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrōk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrōk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōkaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrókr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrókr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Rouk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Rouk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roek"
},
"expansion": "Dutch roek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Ruch"
},
"expansion": "German Ruch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kerk-",
"t": "crow, raven"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kerk- (“crow, raven”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cerc",
"3": "",
"4": "hen"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cerc (“hen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kerko",
"3": "",
"4": "loon, diver"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian kerko (“loon, diver”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кро́кон",
"3": "",
"4": "raven"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian кро́кон (krókon, “raven”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόραξ",
"3": "",
"4": "crow"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόραξ (kórax, “crow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ագռաւ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ագռաւ (agṙaw)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀𐬝",
"t": "rooster"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀𐬝 (kahrkatat̰, “rooster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कृकर",
"t": "rooster"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कृकर (kṛkara, “rooster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "крук",
"3": "",
"4": "raven"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian крук (kruk, “raven”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "parson"
},
"expansion": "(parson):",
"name": "sense"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* From Middle English rok, roke, from Old English hrōc, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōk, from Proto-Germanic *hrōkaz (compare Old Norse hrókr, Saterland Frisian Rouk, Dutch roek, obsolete German Ruch), from Proto-Indo-European *kerk- (“crow, raven”) (compare Old Irish cerc (“hen”), Old Prussian kerko (“loon, diver”), dialectal Bulgarian кро́кон (krókon, “raven”), Ancient Greek κόραξ (kórax, “crow”), Old Armenian ագռաւ (agṙaw), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀𐬝 (kahrkatat̰, “rooster”), Sanskrit कृकर (kṛkara, “rooster”)), Ukrainian крук (kruk, “raven”).\n* (parson): Probably from the resemblance in plumage to a parson's garments.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rooks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rooking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rooked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rooked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rook (third-person singular simple present rooks, present participle rooking, simple past and past participle rooked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 21 0 10 0 25 0 0 7 0 18 10 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1974, GB Edwards, The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, New York, published 2007, page 311",
"text": "Some had spent a week in Jersey before coming to Guernsey; and, from what Paddy had heard, they really do know how to rook the visitors over there.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cheat or swindle."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "at cards",
"sense": "cheat",
"word": "Greek"
}
],
"id": "en-rook-en-verb-YK4T9TYp",
"links": [
[
"cheat",
"cheat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cheat or swindle."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "cheat",
"word": "cheat"
},
{
"sense": "cheat",
"word": "con"
},
{
"sense": "cheat",
"word": "do"
},
{
"sense": "cheat",
"word": "dupe"
},
{
"sense": "cheat",
"word": "have"
},
{
"sense": "cheat",
"word": "swindle"
},
{
"sense": "cheat",
"word": "trick"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mamja",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "мамя"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "valsspelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "petkuttaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "huiputtaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "huijata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "rouler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "schwindeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "betrügen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "übers Ohr hauen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "lügen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "hintergehen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "falsch spielen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "hinters Licht führen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "ergaunern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "abgaunern"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "imbrogliare"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "oszukać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "enganar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obmányvatʹ",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "обма́нывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mošenničatʹ",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "мошенничать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "related to playing cards",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nečestno igrátʹ",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "нечестно игра́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vymanivatʹ dénʹgi",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "выманивать де́ньги"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obdiratʹ",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "обдирать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "related to buyer, client",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obsčityvatʹ",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "обсчитывать"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʊk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹuːk/",
"note": "sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete"
},
{
"homophone": "ruck (most accents without foot-strut split)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rook.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg/En-us-rook.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rook (bird)"
],
"word": "rook"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rook lift"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rook polynomial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wrong rook pawn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rook"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rook",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rooke"
},
"expansion": "rooke",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "roke"
},
"expansion": "roke",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "rok",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "roc"
},
"expansion": "Old French roc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa",
"3": "رخ",
"tr": "rox"
},
"expansion": "Persian رخ (rox)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pal",
"3": "lhw'",
"4": "",
"5": "rook, castle (chess)",
"sc": "Latn",
"tr": "rox"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roc"
},
"expansion": "roc",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rook, rooke, roke, rok, from Old French roc, ultimately from Persian رخ (rox), from Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”). Compare roc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rooks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rook (plural rooks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "♖"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "♜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "king"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "queen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "castle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bishop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "knight"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pawn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chess",
"orig": "en:Chess",
"parents": [
"Board games",
"Tabletop games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chess",
"orig": "en:Chess",
"parents": [
"Board games",
"Tabletop games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A piece shaped like a castle tower, that can be moved only up, down, left or right (but not diagonally) or in castling."
],
"id": "en-rook-en-noun-en:Q137",
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"piece",
"piece"
],
[
"tower",
"tower"
],
[
"diagonally",
"diagonally"
],
[
"castling",
"castling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) A piece shaped like a castle tower, that can be moved only up, down, left or right (but not diagonally) or in castling."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q137"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "castle"
}
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "toring"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kala"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torrë"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kullë"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qalʕa",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "قَلْعَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ruḵḵ",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "رُخّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṭābiya",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "طَابِيَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "navak",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "նավակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torre"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "top"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "gaztelu"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "laddzjá",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ладдзя́"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ladzʹdzjá",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ладзьдзя́"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vjéža",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ве́жа"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "turá",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тура́"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "nōuka",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "নৌকা"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tour"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "top",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "топ"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "kyi:a.",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ကျီးအ"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "ra.hta:",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ရထား"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torre"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "車"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "geoi¹",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "车"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "yue",
"english": "sing⁴ bou²",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "城堡"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "城堡"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "車"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jū",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "车"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chéngbǎo",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "城堡"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "věž"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tårn"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "toren"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "turo"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "vanker"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "kahur"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rókur"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "torni"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tour"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torre"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "eṭli",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ეტლი"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "roki",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "როქი"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Turm"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pýrgos",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πύργος"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ts'riyákh",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "צַרִיחַ"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "hāthī",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "हाथी"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "rux",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "रुख़"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "bástya"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "torony"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "hrókur"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "benteng"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caiseal"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rocco"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torre"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rūku",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ルーク"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "bètèng"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ladä",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ладья"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tuuk",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ទូក"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "praasaat",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ប្រាសាទ"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ruk",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "룩"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "keleh"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "ladya",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ладья"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "hư̄a",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ເຮືອ"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "turris"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tornis"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bokštas"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "top",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "топ"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "benteng"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "tir"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "tērŭ",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "തേര്"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kastell"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cashtal"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "pā tūwatawata"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "mrw",
"lang": "Maranao",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ti'ir"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pal",
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"roman": "mʾtgdʾl",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "𐭬𐭠𐭲𐭢𐭣𐭠𐭫"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "tereg",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "тэрэг"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "kinyaaʼáhí"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tårn"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tårn"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "castel"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "chi-ogimaawigamig"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "hrókr"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "rox",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "رخ"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qal'e",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "قلعه"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wieża"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torre"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "turn"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tur"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ladʹjá",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ладья́"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "turá",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"informal"
],
"word": "тура́"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "топ"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кула"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kula"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "veža"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trdnjava"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torre"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roque"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ngome"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "rux",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "рух"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "kōṭṭai",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "கோட்டை"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "ēnugu",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ఏనుగు"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "rʉʉa",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "เรือ"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "kale"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ruh"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "turá",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "тура́"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "rux",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رخ"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "top",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "توپ"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "rux"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "xe"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "cögatüm"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "castell"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "stins"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "turem",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "טורעם"
}
],
"wikidata": [
"Q137"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A castle or other fortification."
],
"id": "en-rook-en-noun-Mb8KngJs",
"links": [
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"fortification",
"fortification"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A castle or other fortification."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "amrocʿ",
"sense": "fortification",
"word": "ամրոց"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vesting"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burcht"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fortification",
"word": "linnoitus"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Festung"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Burg"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fortification",
"word": "bástya"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "fortification",
"word": "rocca"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"alt": "じょうさい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jōsai",
"sense": "fortification",
"word": "城塞"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificação"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krépostʹ",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кре́пость"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "тврђава"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кула"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "tvrđava"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kula"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baluarte"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bastión"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "fortification",
"word": "kale"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʊk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹuːk/",
"note": "sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete"
},
{
"homophone": "ruck (most accents without foot-strut split)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rook.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg/En-us-rook.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"sense": "castle",
"word": "castle"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 49",
"sense": "castle",
"word": "fortress"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rook (bird)"
],
"word": "rook"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "From rookie.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rooks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rook (plural rooks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Baseball",
"orig": "en:Baseball",
"parents": [
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rookie."
],
"id": "en-rook-en-noun-IeDH8JkI",
"links": [
[
"baseball",
"baseball"
],
[
"rookie",
"rookie"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(baseball, slang) A rookie."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"baseball",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʊk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹuːk/",
"note": "sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete"
},
{
"homophone": "ruck (most accents without foot-strut split)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rook.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg/En-us-rook.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rook (bird)"
],
"word": "rook"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "roke"
},
"expansion": "Middle English roke",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rock"
},
"expansion": "rock",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rok",
"t": "mist; vapour; drizzle; smoke; fumes"
},
"expansion": "rok (“mist; vapour; drizzle; smoke; fumes”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "*rauk"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse *rauk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rok",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "roka",
"t": "whirlwind; seafoam; seaspray"
},
"expansion": "roka (“whirlwind; seafoam; seaspray”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rooc"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "rok",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rook",
"t": "smoke; fog"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rook (“smoke; fog”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English roke, rock, rok (“mist; vapour; drizzle; smoke; fumes”), from Old Norse *rauk, related to Icelandic rok, roka (“whirlwind; seafoam; seaspray”), Middle Dutch rooc, rok, Modern Dutch rook (“smoke; fog”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "rook (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mist; fog; roke"
],
"id": "en-rook-en-noun-9uozJDgX",
"links": [
[
"mist",
"mist"
],
[
"fog",
"fog"
],
[
"roke",
"roke"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʊk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹuːk/",
"note": "sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete"
},
{
"homophone": "ruck (most accents without foot-strut split)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rook.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg/En-us-rook.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rook (bird)"
],
"word": "rook"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"forms": [
{
"form": "rooks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rooking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rooked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rooked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rook (third-person singular simple present rooks, present participle rooking, simple past and past participle rooked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To squat; to ruck."
],
"id": "en-rook-en-verb-pFyVmkSA",
"links": [
[
"squat",
"squat"
],
[
"ruck",
"ruck"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To squat; to ruck."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʊk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹuːk/",
"note": "sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete"
},
{
"homophone": "ruck (most accents without foot-strut split)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rook.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg/En-us-rook.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rook (bird)"
],
"word": "rook"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"forms": [
{
"form": "rooks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rooking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rooked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rooked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rook (third-person singular simple present rooks, present participle rooking, simple past and past participle rooked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "mimicking Asian speech",
"word": "look"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English pronunciation spellings",
"parents": [
"Pronunciation spellings",
"Terms by orthographic property",
"Terms by lexical property"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pronunciation spelling of look. (mimicking Asian speech)"
],
"id": "en-rook-en-verb-RrW8TKQw",
"links": [
[
"Pronunciation spelling",
"pronunciation spelling"
],
[
"look",
"look#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʊk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹuːk/",
"note": "sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete"
},
{
"homophone": "ruck (most accents without foot-strut split)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rook.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg/En-us-rook.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rook (bird)"
],
"word": "rook"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk/1 syllable",
"en:Corvids",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Johnny rook"
},
{
"word": "rook and rabbit rifle"
},
{
"word": "rookery"
},
{
"word": "rook rifle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rok",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "roke"
},
"expansion": "roke",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrōc"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrōc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrōk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrōk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōkaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrókr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrókr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Rouk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Rouk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roek"
},
"expansion": "Dutch roek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Ruch"
},
"expansion": "German Ruch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kerk-",
"t": "crow, raven"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kerk- (“crow, raven”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cerc",
"3": "",
"4": "hen"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cerc (“hen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kerko",
"3": "",
"4": "loon, diver"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian kerko (“loon, diver”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кро́кон",
"3": "",
"4": "raven"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian кро́кон (krókon, “raven”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόραξ",
"3": "",
"4": "crow"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόραξ (kórax, “crow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ագռաւ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ագռաւ (agṙaw)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀𐬝",
"t": "rooster"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀𐬝 (kahrkatat̰, “rooster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कृकर",
"t": "rooster"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कृकर (kṛkara, “rooster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "крук",
"3": "",
"4": "raven"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian крук (kruk, “raven”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "parson"
},
"expansion": "(parson):",
"name": "sense"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* From Middle English rok, roke, from Old English hrōc, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōk, from Proto-Germanic *hrōkaz (compare Old Norse hrókr, Saterland Frisian Rouk, Dutch roek, obsolete German Ruch), from Proto-Indo-European *kerk- (“crow, raven”) (compare Old Irish cerc (“hen”), Old Prussian kerko (“loon, diver”), dialectal Bulgarian кро́кон (krókon, “raven”), Ancient Greek κόραξ (kórax, “crow”), Old Armenian ագռաւ (agṙaw), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀𐬝 (kahrkatat̰, “rooster”), Sanskrit कृकर (kṛkara, “rooster”)), Ukrainian крук (kruk, “raven”).\n* (parson): Probably from the resemblance in plumage to a parson's garments.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rooks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "rook (countable and uncountable, plural rooks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "squab"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1768, Thomas Pennant, British Zoology, page 168",
"text": "But what distinguishes the rook from the crow is the bill; the nostrils, chin, and sides of that and the mouth being in old birds white and bared of feathers, by often thrusting the bill into the ground in search of the erucæ of the Dor-beetle*; the rook then, instead of being proscribed, should be treated as the farmer's friend; as it clears his ground from caterpillars, that do incredible damage by eating the roots of the corn.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A European bird, Corvus frugilegus, of the crow family."
],
"links": [
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"Corvus frugilegus",
"Corvus frugilegus#Translingual"
],
[
"crow",
"crow"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "7 April 1705, William Wycherley, Letter to Alexander Pope in The Works of Alexander Pope 36",
"text": "So I am (like an old rook, who is ruined by gaming) forced to live on the good fortune of the pushing young men, whose fancies are so vigorous that they ensure their success in their adventures with Muses, by their strength and imagination."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cheat or swindler; someone who betrays."
],
"links": [
[
"cheat",
"cheat"
],
[
"swindler",
"swindler"
],
[
"betray",
"betray"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "deceiver"
},
{
"word": "fraudster"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A bad deal; a rip-off."
],
"links": [
[
"rip-off",
"rip-off"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English"
],
"glosses": [
"A type of firecracker used by farmers to scare birds of the same name."
],
"links": [
[
"firecracker",
"firecracker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Britain) A type of firecracker used by farmers to scare birds of the same name."
],
"tags": [
"Britain",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Malcolm Bull, Keith Lockhart, Seeking a Sanctuary: Seventh-day Adventism and the American Dream, page 174",
"text": "Adventists still do not really know how to play cards, apart from the sanitized version of bridge, Rook.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A trick-taking game, usually played with a specialized deck of cards."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) A trick-taking game, usually played with a specialized deck of cards."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A parson."
],
"links": [
[
"parson",
"parson"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, archaic) A parson."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʊk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹuːk/",
"note": "sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete"
},
{
"homophone": "ruck (most accents without foot-strut split)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rook.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg/En-us-rook.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "gralla"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "sermnagṙav",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "սերմնագռավ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "graya"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "grayu"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "zağca"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ipar-bele"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hrak",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "грак"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "posévna vrána",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "посе́вна вра́на"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pólska vrána",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "по́лска вра́на"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "graula"
},
{
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "qʼig",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "къиг"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "禿鼻鴉"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tūbíyā",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "秃鼻鸦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "白嘴鴉"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "báizuǐyā",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "白嘴鸦"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "havran"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "råge"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roek"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "frugilego"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "kampokorvo"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "felliskráka"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hjaltakráka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "mustavaris"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corbeau freux"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "freux"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grallo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gralla"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "č̣ilq̇vavi",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ჭილყვავი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Saatkrähe"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chavaróni",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χαβαρόνι"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "starokórakas",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σταροκόρακας"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "'orév mizrá'",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "עורב מזרע"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "vetési varjú"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bláhrafn"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rúcach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corvo comune"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "miyamagarasu",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ミヤマガラス"
},
{
"alt": "みやまがらす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "miyamagarasu",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "深山烏"
},
{
"alt": "みやまがらす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "miyamagarasu",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "深山鴉"
},
{
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"roman": "jırğıt",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "жыргъыт"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "qajû",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "قاژوو"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krauķis"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "kovas"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "kovarnis"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vrana gagec",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "врана гагец"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "polska vrana",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "полска врана"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trogh"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "troghan"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "troghan doo"
},
{
"code": "gld",
"lang": "Nanai",
"roman": "toraki",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "тораки"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "bealdovuoraš"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "kornkråke"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrōc"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "zağ",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "زاغ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zâğ",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "زاغ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gawron"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "gralha"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cioară de semănătură"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grač",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "грач"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "гакуша"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "gakuša"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "havran"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grakuša"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poljska vrana"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "graja"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "grajo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "råka"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "bird",
"word": "ekin kargası"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hrak",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "грак"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hájvoron",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "га́йворон"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ydfran"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brân bigwen"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmamnik",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "измамник"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mošenik",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мошеник"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "swindler",
"word": "ketku"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "swindler",
"word": "petturi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "swindler",
"word": "huijari"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schwindler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwindlerin"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Betrüger"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Betrügerin"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gauner"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gaunerin"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apateónas",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "απατεώνας"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agýrtis",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αγύρτης"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chartokléftis",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "χαρτοκλέφτης"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žúlik",
"sense": "swindler",
"word": "жу́лик"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mošénnik",
"sense": "swindler",
"word": "моше́нник"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "plut",
"sense": "swindler",
"word": "плут"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šúler",
"sense": "swindler",
"word": "шу́лер"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šélʹma",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ше́льма"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "aferíst",
"sense": "swindler",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "афери́ст"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "swindler",
"word": "dolandırıcı"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "card game",
"word": "rook"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "card game",
"word": "rook-korttipeli"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rook (bird)"
],
"word": "rook"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk/1 syllable",
"en:Corvids",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rok",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "roke"
},
"expansion": "roke",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrōc"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrōc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrōk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrōk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōkaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrókr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrókr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Rouk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Rouk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roek"
},
"expansion": "Dutch roek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Ruch"
},
"expansion": "German Ruch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kerk-",
"t": "crow, raven"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kerk- (“crow, raven”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cerc",
"3": "",
"4": "hen"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cerc (“hen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kerko",
"3": "",
"4": "loon, diver"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian kerko (“loon, diver”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кро́кон",
"3": "",
"4": "raven"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian кро́кон (krókon, “raven”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόραξ",
"3": "",
"4": "crow"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόραξ (kórax, “crow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ագռաւ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ագռաւ (agṙaw)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀𐬝",
"t": "rooster"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀𐬝 (kahrkatat̰, “rooster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कृकर",
"t": "rooster"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कृकर (kṛkara, “rooster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "крук",
"3": "",
"4": "raven"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian крук (kruk, “raven”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "parson"
},
"expansion": "(parson):",
"name": "sense"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* From Middle English rok, roke, from Old English hrōc, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōk, from Proto-Germanic *hrōkaz (compare Old Norse hrókr, Saterland Frisian Rouk, Dutch roek, obsolete German Ruch), from Proto-Indo-European *kerk- (“crow, raven”) (compare Old Irish cerc (“hen”), Old Prussian kerko (“loon, diver”), dialectal Bulgarian кро́кон (krókon, “raven”), Ancient Greek κόραξ (kórax, “crow”), Old Armenian ագռաւ (agṙaw), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀𐬝 (kahrkatat̰, “rooster”), Sanskrit कृकर (kṛkara, “rooster”)), Ukrainian крук (kruk, “raven”).\n* (parson): Probably from the resemblance in plumage to a parson's garments.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rooks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rooking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rooked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rooked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rook (third-person singular simple present rooks, present participle rooking, simple past and past participle rooked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "at cards",
"sense": "cheat",
"word": "Greek"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1974, GB Edwards, The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, New York, published 2007, page 311",
"text": "Some had spent a week in Jersey before coming to Guernsey; and, from what Paddy had heard, they really do know how to rook the visitors over there.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cheat or swindle."
],
"links": [
[
"cheat",
"cheat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cheat or swindle."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʊk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹuːk/",
"note": "sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete"
},
{
"homophone": "ruck (most accents without foot-strut split)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rook.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg/En-us-rook.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "cheat",
"word": "cheat"
},
{
"sense": "cheat",
"word": "con"
},
{
"sense": "cheat",
"word": "do"
},
{
"sense": "cheat",
"word": "dupe"
},
{
"sense": "cheat",
"word": "have"
},
{
"sense": "cheat",
"word": "swindle"
},
{
"sense": "cheat",
"word": "trick"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mamja",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "мамя"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "valsspelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "petkuttaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "huiputtaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "huijata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "rouler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "schwindeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "betrügen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "übers Ohr hauen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "lügen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "hintergehen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "falsch spielen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "hinters Licht führen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "ergaunern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "abgaunern"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "imbrogliare"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "oszukać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "enganar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obmányvatʹ",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "обма́нывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mošenničatʹ",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "мошенничать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "related to playing cards",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nečestno igrátʹ",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "нечестно игра́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vymanivatʹ dénʹgi",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "выманивать де́ньги"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obdiratʹ",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "обдирать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "related to buyer, client",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obsčityvatʹ",
"sense": "cheat, swindle",
"word": "обсчитывать"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rook (bird)"
],
"word": "rook"
}
{
"categories": [
"Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Persian",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Persian",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Low German translations",
"Requests for review of Persian translations",
"Requests for review of Romanian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk/1 syllable",
"en:Chess",
"en:Corvids",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rook lift"
},
{
"word": "rook polynomial"
},
{
"word": "wrong rook pawn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rook"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rook",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rooke"
},
"expansion": "rooke",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "roke"
},
"expansion": "roke",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "rok",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "roc"
},
"expansion": "Old French roc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa",
"3": "رخ",
"tr": "rox"
},
"expansion": "Persian رخ (rox)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pal",
"3": "lhw'",
"4": "",
"5": "rook, castle (chess)",
"sc": "Latn",
"tr": "rox"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roc"
},
"expansion": "roc",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rook, rooke, roke, rok, from Old French roc, ultimately from Persian رخ (rox), from Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”). Compare roc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rooks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rook (plural rooks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "♖"
},
{
"word": "♜"
},
{
"word": "king"
},
{
"word": "queen"
},
{
"word": "castle"
},
{
"word": "bishop"
},
{
"word": "knight"
},
{
"word": "pawn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Chess"
],
"glosses": [
"A piece shaped like a castle tower, that can be moved only up, down, left or right (but not diagonally) or in castling."
],
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"piece",
"piece"
],
[
"tower",
"tower"
],
[
"diagonally",
"diagonally"
],
[
"castling",
"castling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) A piece shaped like a castle tower, that can be moved only up, down, left or right (but not diagonally) or in castling."
],
"senseid": [
"en:Q137"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
],
"wikidata": [
"Q137"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A castle or other fortification."
],
"links": [
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"fortification",
"fortification"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A castle or other fortification."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʊk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹuːk/",
"note": "sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete"
},
{
"homophone": "ruck (most accents without foot-strut split)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rook.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg/En-us-rook.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "castle"
},
{
"sense": "castle",
"word": "castle"
},
{
"sense": "castle",
"word": "fortress"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "toring"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kala"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torrë"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kullë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qalʕa",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "قَلْعَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ruḵḵ",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "رُخّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṭābiya",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "طَابِيَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "navak",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "նավակ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torre"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "top"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "gaztelu"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "laddzjá",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ладдзя́"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ladzʹdzjá",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ладзьдзя́"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vjéža",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ве́жа"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "turá",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тура́"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "nōuka",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "নৌকা"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tour"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "top",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "топ"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "kyi:a.",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ကျီးအ"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "ra.hta:",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ရထား"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torre"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "車"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "geoi¹",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "车"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"english": "sing⁴ bou²",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "城堡"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "城堡"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "車"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jū",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "车"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chéngbǎo",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "城堡"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "věž"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tårn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "toren"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "turo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "vanker"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "kahur"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rókur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "torni"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tour"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torre"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "eṭli",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ეტლი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "roki",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "როქი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Turm"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pýrgos",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πύργος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ts'riyákh",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "צַרִיחַ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "hāthī",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "हाथी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "rux",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "रुख़"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "bástya"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "torony"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "hrókur"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "benteng"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caiseal"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rocco"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torre"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rūku",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ルーク"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "bètèng"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ladä",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ладья"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tuuk",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ទូក"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "praasaat",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ប្រាសាទ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ruk",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "룩"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "keleh"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "ladya",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ладья"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "hư̄a",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ເຮືອ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "turris"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tornis"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bokštas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "top",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "топ"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "benteng"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "tir"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "tērŭ",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "തേര്"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kastell"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cashtal"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "pā tūwatawata"
},
{
"code": "mrw",
"lang": "Maranao",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ti'ir"
},
{
"code": "pal",
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"roman": "mʾtgdʾl",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "𐭬𐭠𐭲𐭢𐭣𐭠𐭫"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "tereg",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "тэрэг"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "kinyaaʼáhí"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tårn"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tårn"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "castel"
},
{
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "chi-ogimaawigamig"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "hrókr"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "rox",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "رخ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qal'e",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "قلعه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wieża"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torre"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "turn"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tur"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ladʹjá",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ладья́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "turá",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"informal"
],
"word": "тура́"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "топ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кула"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kula"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "veža"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trdnjava"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "torre"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roque"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ngome"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "torn"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "rux",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "рух"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "kōṭṭai",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "கோட்டை"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "ēnugu",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ఏనుగు"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "rʉʉa",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "เรือ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "kale"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "ruh"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "turá",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "тура́"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "rux",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رخ"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "top",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "توپ"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "rux"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "xe"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "cögatüm"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "castell"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"word": "stins"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "turem",
"sense": "chesspiece",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "טורעם"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "amrocʿ",
"sense": "fortification",
"word": "ամրոց"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vesting"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burcht"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fortification",
"word": "linnoitus"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Festung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Burg"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fortification",
"word": "bástya"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "fortification",
"word": "rocca"
},
{
"alt": "じょうさい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jōsai",
"sense": "fortification",
"word": "城塞"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fortificação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krépostʹ",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кре́пость"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "тврђава"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кула"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "tvrđava"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kula"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baluarte"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fortification",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bastión"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "fortification",
"word": "kale"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rook (bird)"
],
"word": "rook"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk/1 syllable",
"en:Corvids",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "From rookie.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rooks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rook (plural rooks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"en:Baseball"
],
"glosses": [
"A rookie."
],
"links": [
[
"baseball",
"baseball"
],
[
"rookie",
"rookie"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(baseball, slang) A rookie."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"baseball",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʊk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹuːk/",
"note": "sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete"
},
{
"homophone": "ruck (most accents without foot-strut split)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rook.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg/En-us-rook.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rook (bird)"
],
"word": "rook"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk/1 syllable",
"en:Corvids",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "roke"
},
"expansion": "Middle English roke",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rock"
},
"expansion": "rock",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rok",
"t": "mist; vapour; drizzle; smoke; fumes"
},
"expansion": "rok (“mist; vapour; drizzle; smoke; fumes”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "*rauk"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse *rauk",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rok",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "roka",
"t": "whirlwind; seafoam; seaspray"
},
"expansion": "roka (“whirlwind; seafoam; seaspray”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rooc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rooc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "rok",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rook",
"t": "smoke; fog"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rook (“smoke; fog”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English roke, rock, rok (“mist; vapour; drizzle; smoke; fumes”), from Old Norse *rauk, related to Icelandic rok, roka (“whirlwind; seafoam; seaspray”), Middle Dutch rooc, rok, Modern Dutch rook (“smoke; fog”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "rook (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mist; fog; roke"
],
"links": [
[
"mist",
"mist"
],
[
"fog",
"fog"
],
[
"roke",
"roke"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʊk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹuːk/",
"note": "sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete"
},
{
"homophone": "ruck (most accents without foot-strut split)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rook.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg/En-us-rook.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rook (bird)"
],
"word": "rook"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk/1 syllable",
"en:Corvids",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"forms": [
{
"form": "rooks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rooking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rooked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rooked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rook (third-person singular simple present rooks, present participle rooking, simple past and past participle rooked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To squat; to ruck."
],
"links": [
[
"squat",
"squat"
],
[
"ruck",
"ruck"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To squat; to ruck."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʊk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹuːk/",
"note": "sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete"
},
{
"homophone": "ruck (most accents without foot-strut split)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rook.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg/En-us-rook.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rook (bird)"
],
"word": "rook"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk/1 syllable",
"en:Corvids",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"forms": [
{
"form": "rooks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rooking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rooked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rooked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rook (third-person singular simple present rooks, present participle rooking, simple past and past participle rooked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "mimicking Asian speech",
"word": "look"
}
],
"categories": [
"English pronunciation spellings"
],
"glosses": [
"Pronunciation spelling of look. (mimicking Asian speech)"
],
"links": [
[
"Pronunciation spelling",
"pronunciation spelling"
],
[
"look",
"look#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʊk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹuːk/",
"note": "sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete"
},
{
"homophone": "ruck (most accents without foot-strut split)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rook.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg/En-us-rook.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-rook.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rook (bird)"
],
"word": "rook"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.