See bark in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "bark at print"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "bark at the wrong tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "barking"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "barking deer"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "barking dogs never bite"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "barking spider"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "barking squirrel"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "bark up the wrong tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "barky"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "bebark"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "buy a dog and bark oneself"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "dogs are barking"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "don't keep a dog and bark yourself"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "have a dog and bark oneself"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "keep a dog and bark oneself"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "outbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "park and bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "the dogs bark, but the caravan goes on"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "the dogs bark, but the caravan moves on"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51 0",
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "why keep a dog and bark yourself"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "barken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English barken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beorcan",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorcan (“to bark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*berkan",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *berkan (“to bark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerg-",
"t": "to make a noise, growl, bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "berkja",
"t": "to bark, bluster"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic berkja (“to bark, bluster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "barki",
"t": "throat, windpipe"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic barki (“throat, windpipe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "burgeti",
"3": "burgė́ti",
"t": "to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "brbljati",
"t": "to murmur"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian brbljati (“to murmur”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "beorc"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"alt": "",
"description": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog",
"filename": "Sound-of-dog.ogg",
"play": ""
},
"expansion": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog",
"name": "listen/core"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Sound-of-dog.ogg",
"2": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "listen"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English barken, berken, borken, from Old English beorcan (“to bark”), from the Proto-West Germanic *berkan (“to bark”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”), from *bʰer- (“to drone, hum, buzz”). Cognate with Icelandic berkja (“to bark, bluster”), Icelandic barki (“throat, windpipe”), dialectal Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”), Serbo-Croatian brbljati (“to murmur”). For the noun, compare Old English beorc, bearce (“barking”)..",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "barking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "barked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "barked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "barke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bark (third-person singular simple present barks, present participle barking, simple past and past participle barked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
37
]
],
"text": "The neighbour's dog is always barking.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
15
]
],
"text": "The seal barked as the zookeeper threw fish into its enclosure.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs (said of animals, especially dogs)."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-verb-L0kMFIRe",
"links": [
[
"explosive",
"explosive"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs (said of animals, especially dogs)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "give tongue"
},
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "latrate"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "blaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "leh"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "nabaḥa",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "نَبَحَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "yanbaḥ",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"non-past"
],
"word": "يَنْبَح"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "arz",
"roman": "yenbaḥ",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ينبح"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "hačʻal",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "հաչալ"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "latru"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"lang_code": "as",
"roman": "bhuka",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ভুকা"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "lladrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "hürmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "öröw",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "өрөү"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "braxácʹ",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "браха́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pabraxácʹ",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пабраха́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "harzhal"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "lája",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ла́я"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "lladrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bordar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "hulhol"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "fai⁶",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "吠"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "cdo",
"lang": "Eastern Min Chinese",
"lang_code": "cdo",
"roman": "buôi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "吠"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "wāngwāng jiào",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "汪汪叫"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "fèi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "吠"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "hartha"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "abbaghjà"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "aghjabà"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ürümek"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "talamaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "štěkat"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "štěknout"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "gø"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bjæffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "blaffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "dz",
"lang": "Dzongkha",
"lang_code": "dz",
"roman": "hab",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ཧབ"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "boji"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "haukuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "goyggja"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "haukkua"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "fi",
"english": "once",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"translation": "once",
"word": "haukahtaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "aboyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "japper"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bajâ"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ladrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "touzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "atouzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "aloufar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "latir"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"lang_code": "sdn",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "abbaggjà"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "q̇epa",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ყეფა"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "gavgízo",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "γαβγίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "hulaktéō",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ὑλακτέω"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "navákh",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "נָבַח"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "bha͠uknā",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "भौंकना"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ugat"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "gelta"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "aboyar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "menggonggong"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "latrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "amhastraigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bí ag tafann"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "sceamh"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "abbaiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"alt": "ほえる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hoeru",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "吠える"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hoeru",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ほえる"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "jje",
"lang": "Jeju",
"lang_code": "jje",
"roman": "jukda",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "죾다"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "jje",
"lang": "Jeju",
"lang_code": "jje",
"roman": "jutda",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "줓다"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "jje",
"lang": "Jeju",
"lang_code": "jje",
"roman": "onggonggonghawda",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "옹공공ᄒᆞ다"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "jje",
"lang": "Jeju",
"lang_code": "jje",
"roman": "kangkanghawda",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "캉캉ᄒᆞ다"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "kaung"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "zku",
"lang": "Kaurna",
"lang_code": "zku",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "warru-warrukanthi"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ket",
"lang": "Ket",
"lang_code": "ket",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ыын"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "luu",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "លូ"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "pruh",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ព្រុស"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "jitda",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "짖다"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "hepa",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ھەپا"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "ürüü",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "үрүү"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"lang_code": "lo",
"roman": "hao",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ເຫົ່າ"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "rīt"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "lātrō"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "riet"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "loti"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "baià"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "lae",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лае"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "salak"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "gonggong"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "nebaħ"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "msk",
"lang": "Mansaka",
"lang_code": "msk",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "taol"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "au"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "haru"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "pari"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "pahu"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "pahupahu"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"roman": "bhuṅkṇe",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "भुंकणे"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "berken"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "xucax",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "хуцах"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "nahałʼin"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"lang_code": "ne",
"roman": "bhuknu",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "भुक्नु"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "nay",
"lang": "Ngarrindjeri",
"lang_code": "nay",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "yrongumilun"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"Jersey"
],
"word": "ouasser"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"lang_code": "se",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ciellat"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "gjø"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "gjøde"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "gjøda"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "zlw-ocs",
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "láti"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "beorcan"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "geyja"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"lang_code": "om",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "dutuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"lang_code": "os",
"roman": "ræjyn",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "рӕйын"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "pi",
"lang": "Pali",
"lang_code": "pi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bhussati"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "lâyidan",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "لاییدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "pârs kardan",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "پارس کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "hâp kardan",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "هاپ کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "börĕt"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "szczekać"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "latir"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ladrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ch'aqway"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ayñay"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "lătra"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "urlar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "giappar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "giapar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bubler"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bublar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "üerler"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "lájatʹ",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ла́ять"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "gávkatʹ",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "га́вкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "rāyaṭī",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "रायटी"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "bukkati",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "बुक्कति"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "baulare"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "abbaulare"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"lang_code": "sdc",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "abbagià"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "berk"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bouff"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "comhartaich"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "tabhannaich"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ла̏јати"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lȁjati"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "abbaiari"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "abbajari"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "štekať"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "brechať"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "havkať"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lajati"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "st",
"lang": "Sotho",
"lang_code": "st",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bohola"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ladrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"lang_code": "su",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "papagan"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "skälla"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "kahol"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "tahol"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "kurai",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "குரை"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "kulai",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "குலை"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "hào",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "เห่า"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "tgb",
"lang": "Tobilung",
"lang_code": "tgb",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "mongusig"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "havlamak"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ürümek"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "brexáty",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бреха́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hávkaty",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "га́вкати"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hávknuty",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "га́вкнути"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "unm",
"lang": "Unami",
"lang_code": "unm",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "mëkike"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bajar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bagiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "sủa"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "wym",
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"lang_code": "wym",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "njaffa"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "vaulön"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "hawer"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "cyfarth"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "ür",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "үр"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "biln",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "בילן"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "havken",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "האַווקען"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"lang_code": "yo",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "gbó"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "lawen"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "za",
"lang": "Zhuang",
"lang_code": "za",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "aep"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 21 1",
"code": "za",
"lang": "Zhuang",
"lang_code": "za",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "raeuq"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
23
]
],
"ref": "1530, Tyndale, A Pathway into the Holy Scripture:",
"text": "And therefore they bark, and say the scripture maketh heretics.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"ref": "1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):",
"text": "Where there is the barking of the belly, there no other commands will be heard, much less obeyed.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-verb-toPjtmpb",
"links": [
[
"clamor",
"clamor"
],
[
"importunate",
"importunate"
],
[
"outcries",
"outcry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "blaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vdigam šum",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "вдигам шум"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "reva",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "рева"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "råbe op"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "murista"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "nurista"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "aboyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "gavgízo",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "γαβγίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "vrevi",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "вреви"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "berken"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "bağırmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "qiren"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"text": "The sergeant barked an order.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
31
]
],
"ref": "1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 3:",
"text": "Plainly he was prepared to bark out an interminable succession of charges against the Wanderer.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
53,
59
]
],
"ref": "2001, Salman Rushdie, Fury: A Novel, London: Jonathan Cape, →ISBN, page 5:",
"text": "Sudden anger rose in him. “What I’m looking for,” he barked, “is to be left in peace.” His voice trembled with a rage far bigger than her intrusion merited, the rage which shocked him whenever it coursed through his nervous system, like a flood.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
44
]
],
"ref": "2011 January 5, Mark Ashenden, “Wolverhampton 1 - 0 Chelsea”, in BBC:",
"text": "While McCarthy prowled the touchline barking orders, his opposite number watched on motionless and expressionless and, with 25 minutes to go, decided to throw on Nicolas Anelka for Kalou.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To speak sharply."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-verb-6tuZBAr9",
"links": [
[
"speak",
"speak"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To speak sharply."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "blaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "izrevavam",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "изревавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "izreva",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "изрева"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "råbe"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "bjæffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "blaffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "ärjyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "fi",
"english": "once",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"translation": "once",
"word": "ärjäistä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "blaffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "brüllen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "gavgízo",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "γαβγίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "rjávkatʹ",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ря́вкать"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "rjávknutʹ",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ря́вкнуть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "ladrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "kattu",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "கத்து"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "bağırmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "arthio"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 99",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "zıren"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg/En-uk-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg/En-us-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "barque"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bark"
],
"word": "bark"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "all bark and no bite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "all bark but no bite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "all bark no bite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bark collar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Barkese"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "barkitecture"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bark mitzvah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "barkometer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "barksome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "midbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "one's bark is worse than one's bite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barkery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barkless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barky"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "barken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English barken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beorcan",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorcan (“to bark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*berkan",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *berkan (“to bark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerg-",
"t": "to make a noise, growl, bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "berkja",
"t": "to bark, bluster"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic berkja (“to bark, bluster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "barki",
"t": "throat, windpipe"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic barki (“throat, windpipe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "burgeti",
"3": "burgė́ti",
"t": "to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "brbljati",
"t": "to murmur"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian brbljati (“to murmur”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "beorc"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"alt": "",
"description": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog",
"filename": "Sound-of-dog.ogg",
"play": ""
},
"expansion": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog",
"name": "listen/core"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Sound-of-dog.ogg",
"2": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "listen"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English barken, berken, borken, from Old English beorcan (“to bark”), from the Proto-West Germanic *berkan (“to bark”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”), from *bʰer- (“to drone, hum, buzz”). Cognate with Icelandic berkja (“to bark, bluster”), Icelandic barki (“throat, windpipe”), dialectal Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”), Serbo-Croatian brbljati (“to murmur”). For the noun, compare Old English beorc, bearce (“barking”)..",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bark (plural barks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 12 4 3 3 5 8 3 3 4 3 3 8 7 5 4 3 6 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "en:Animal sounds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The short, loud, explosive sound uttered by a dog, a fox, and some other animals."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-noun-fYSaoN~a",
"links": [
[
"explosive",
"explosive"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"dog",
"dog"
],
[
"fox",
"fox"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
171,
175
]
],
"ref": "c. 1921, The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, volume 11:",
"text": "Fox’s clumsy figure, negligently dressed in blue and buff, seemed unprepossessing; only his shaggy eyebrows added to the expression of his face; his voice would rise to a bark in excitement.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
238,
242
]
],
"ref": "1949 January and February, F. G. Roe, “I Saw Three Englands–1”, in Railway Magazine, page 12:",
"text": "Long before Shap platform showed up around a corner and the two arms on the gradient post drooped in both directions at once, Duchess of Buccleuch's amiable throbbing purr at the stack [funnel, chimney] had become a fierce freight-engine bark, as she resolutely dragged at her enormous load.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An abrupt loud vocal utterance."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-noun-9Anbrk8p",
"links": [
[
"abrupt",
"abrupt"
],
[
"vocal",
"vocal"
],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) An abrupt loud vocal utterance."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 94 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "rev",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рев"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štěkot"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "haukahdus"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Gebell"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 2",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "reyîn"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 2",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "ewtîn"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 2",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "rewîn"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bjeff"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "hav"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "havlama"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "bağırma"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "bağırış"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfarthiad"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfarth"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 2",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "qalen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 20 13 31 16 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with audio examples",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 11 35 17 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cebuano translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 17 11 34 17 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Corsican translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 16 13 30 18 12 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 6 53 15 5 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dzongkha translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 19 7 49 16 5 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Min translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 11 34 17 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gallurese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 18 9 38 18 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 11 34 17 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 10 37 17 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kaurna translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 17 11 39 17 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ket translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 10 38 16 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maguindanao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 10 38 16 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mansaka translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 14 19 32 19 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maranao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 17 13 34 17 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 5 11 3 19 21 4 2 7 2 1 3 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 11 34 17 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ngarrindjeri translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 21 5 46 18 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 11 34 17 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 17 5 56 15 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 11 34 17 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Norse translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 11 34 17 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ossetian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 10 36 18 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Pali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 11 37 17 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polabian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 10 37 17 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Quechua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 10 38 16 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romansch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 11 34 17 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sassarese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 20 10 34 19 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scots translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 10 37 17 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sotho translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 11 34 17 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sundanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 10 37 17 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Unami translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 19 8 43 16 7 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vilamovian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 10 38 16 8 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zazaki translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The quick opening of the hi-hat cymbal as it is hit, followed by its timely closing."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-noun-jMtsrEuq",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"hi-hat",
"hi-hat"
],
[
"cymbal",
"cymbal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) The quick opening of the hi-hat cymbal as it is hit, followed by its timely closing."
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg/En-uk-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg/En-us-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "barque"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "blaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "geblaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "nubāḥ",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نُبَاح"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "hačʻocʻ",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "հաչոց"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lladríu"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "braxnjá",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "брахня́"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "laj",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лай"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "háwkannje",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "га́ўканне"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "brex",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "брэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "laj",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лай"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lladruc"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "fèi",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "吠"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "harth"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "talamaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "štěkání"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štěkot"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gøen"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "geblaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "bojo"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "haukku"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "fi",
"english": "individual",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"translation": "individual",
"word": "haukahdus"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aboiement"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ladro"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "q̇epa",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "ყეფა"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Gebell"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "gávgisma",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γάβγισμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "alýchtima",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "αλύχτημα"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "el",
"english": "archaism",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ylakí",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"translation": "archaism",
"word": "υλακή"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "hulagmós",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ὑλαγμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "nevikhá",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "נביחה"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "ugatás"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gelt"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gá"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hundgá"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gey"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gjamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bofs"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tafann"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sceamh"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abbaiamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "latrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"alt": "ほえごえ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hoegoe",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "吠え声"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "bproh",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "ព្រុស"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "hepandin",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "ھەپاندن"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "werrîn",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "وەڕین"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "reyîn"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "ewtîn"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "rewîn"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lātrātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "laež",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лаеж"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "mdh",
"lang": "Maguindanao",
"lang_code": "mdh",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "gebu"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "salak"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "salakan"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "gonggongan"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "kongkong"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "kung-kung"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "auau"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "mrw",
"lang": "Maranao",
"lang_code": "mrw",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "gebo"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"lang_code": "se",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "ciellan"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bjeff"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"lang_code": "oj",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "migiwin"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ġebeorc"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "lâyeš",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "لایش"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "pârs",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "پارس"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "szczekanie"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "latido"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "lătrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "laj",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лай"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "comhart"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ла́веж"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "lávež"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štekot"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "lajež"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ladrido"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skall"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "kahol"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "tahol"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "hav"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "havlama"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "havkit",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "гавкіт"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "brexnjá",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "брехня́"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "vaul"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"repeated"
],
"word": "vaulam"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfarthiad"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfarth"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48 1",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "lawış"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bark"
],
"word": "bark"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "barken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English barken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beorcan",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorcan (“to bark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*berkan",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *berkan (“to bark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerg-",
"t": "to make a noise, growl, bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "berkja",
"t": "to bark, bluster"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic berkja (“to bark, bluster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "barki",
"t": "throat, windpipe"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic barki (“throat, windpipe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "burgeti",
"3": "burgė́ti",
"t": "to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "brbljati",
"t": "to murmur"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian brbljati (“to murmur”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "beorc"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"alt": "",
"description": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog",
"filename": "Sound-of-dog.ogg",
"play": ""
},
"expansion": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog",
"name": "listen/core"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Sound-of-dog.ogg",
"2": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "listen"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English barken, berken, borken, from Old English beorcan (“to bark”), from the Proto-West Germanic *berkan (“to bark”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”), from *bʰer- (“to drone, hum, buzz”). Cognate with Icelandic berkja (“to bark, bluster”), Icelandic barki (“throat, windpipe”), dialectal Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”), Serbo-Croatian brbljati (“to murmur”). For the noun, compare Old English beorc, bearce (“barking”)..",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The sound of a dog barking."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-intj-W33QaUOO",
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound#English"
],
[
"dog",
"dog#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "woof"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg/En-uk-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg/En-us-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "barque"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bark"
],
"word": "bark"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barkery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barkless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barky"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bark bed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Scolytinae spp.",
"word": "bark beetle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barkbound"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bark bread"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bark dust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barklike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Coccidae spp.",
"word": "bark louse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bark mill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bark mixture"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Centruroides spp.",
"word": "bark scorpion"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bark spud"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beech bark disease"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "birchbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "especially Alstonia constricta",
"translation": "especially Alstonia constricta",
"word": "bitter bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cabbage-bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Cartagena bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Cinchona spp.",
"word": "China bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cinchona bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crampbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "debark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "debarker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "disbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Alstonia scholaris",
"word": "dita bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "elm bark beetle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Rhamnus purshiana",
"word": "holy bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ironbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lacebark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Erythrophleum suaveolens",
"word": "Mancona bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "maple bark disease"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "maple bark stripper's disease"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Cryptostroma corticale",
"word": "maple bark stripper's disease"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ninebark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "oakbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Melaleuca spp.",
"word": "paperbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "park and bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "peppermint bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ring-bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rootbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "root bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Erythrophleum suaveolens",
"word": "sassy bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scale bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sevenbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "shagbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "shellbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "soapbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Cryptostroma corticale",
"word": "sooty bark disease"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stembark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Eucalyptus spp.",
"word": "stringybark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tanbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "throw in the bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toothache bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tree bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "treebark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "underbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whitebark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Drimys winteri",
"word": "Winter's bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "worm bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Cinchona spp.",
"word": "yellow bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ringbark"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bark"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bark",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "barc",
"4": "",
"5": "bark"
},
"expansion": "Old English barc (“bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "bǫrkr",
"4": "",
"5": "tree bark"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse bǫrkr (“tree bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*barkuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *barkuz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerHǵós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frāxinus",
"3": "",
"4": "ash"
},
"expansion": "Latin frāxinus (“ash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "béržas",
"3": "",
"4": "birch"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian béržas (“birch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bright"
},
"expansion": "English bright",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bark"
},
"expansion": "Danish bark",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "börkur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic börkur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "borke"
},
"expansion": "Low German borke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "berk",
"3": "",
"4": "bast"
},
"expansion": "Albanian berk (“bast”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bark, from Old English barc (“bark”), from Old Norse bǫrkr (“tree bark”), from Proto-Germanic *barkuz, probably related to *birkijǭ (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵós (compare Latin frāxinus (“ash”), Lithuanian béržas (“birch”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to gleam; white”) (compare English bright); akin to Danish bark, Icelandic börkur, Low German borke and Albanian berk (“bast”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "bark (countable and uncountable, plural barks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1879, Friedrich August Flückiger et al., Pharmacographia..., page 346:",
"text": "The hardships of bark-collecting in the primeval forests of South America are of the severest kind, and undergone only by the half-civilized Indians and people of mixed race, in the pay of speculators or companies located in the towns. Those who are engaged in the business, especially the collectors themselves, are called Cascarilleros or Cascadores, from the Spanish word Cascara, bark.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
115,
119
]
],
"ref": "2012 December 26, John Branch, “Snow Fall: The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 14 Nov 2013:",
"text": "Moving about 70 miles per hour, it crashed through the sturdy old-growth trees, snapping their limbs and shredding bark from their trunks.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-noun-en:tree",
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, uncountable) The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree."
],
"senseid": [
"en:tree"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "rind"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "bas"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"lang_code": "ain",
"roman": "kap",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "カㇷ゚"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lëvore"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"lang_code": "am",
"roman": "ləṭ",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ልጥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "liḥāʔ",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "لِحَاء"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "arz",
"roman": "gedʕ",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "جدع"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "keġew",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "կեղև"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "shcoarci"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coaji"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"lang_code": "as",
"roman": "bakoli",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "বাকলি"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corteza"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "qabıq"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "qabıq",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ҡабыҡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "oskol"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "kará",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кара́"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "chal",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ছাল"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "bkt",
"lang": "Boloki",
"lang_code": "bkt",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "lomposo"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ruskenn"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"lang_code": "my",
"roman": "a.hkauk",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "အခေါက်"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escorça"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"lang_code": "ccc",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "is̈hoopa"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"lang_code": "chr",
"roman": "uyalv",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ᎤᏯᎸ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "syu⁶ pei⁴",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "樹皮 /树皮"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "shùpí",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "樹皮 /树皮"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rusken"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůra"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schors"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bast"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "arboŝelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "koor"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "børkur"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "puunkuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "kaarna"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"hard"
],
"word": "parkki"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"note": "of a birch",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "tuohi"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "écorce"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scuarce"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "casca"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "paraza"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tona"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cortiza"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arna"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "kerki",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ქერქი"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "de",
"english": "if thicker",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"translation": "if thicker",
"word": "Borke"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "de",
"english": "if thinner",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"translation": "if thinner",
"word": "Rinde"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "floiós",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "φλοιός"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "phloiós",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "φλοιός"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "hai",
"lang": "Haida",
"lang_code": "hai",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "giit"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"lang_code": "haw",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ʻili lāʻau"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "qlipá",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "קְלִפָּה"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "panit sa kahoy"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "chāl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "छाल"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "kéreg"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "börkur"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "kortico"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "kulit pohon"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "pepagan"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rúsc"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coirt"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "snamh"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "sga",
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rúsc"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corteccia"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"feminine"
],
"word": "scorza"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ivv",
"lang": "Ivatan",
"lang_code": "ivv",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "kodit no kayo"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"alt": "きのかわ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "ki no kawa",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "木の皮"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"alt": "じゅひ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "juhi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "樹皮"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "jje",
"lang": "Jeju",
"lang_code": "jje",
"roman": "nanggeojuk",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "낭거죽"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "csb",
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "kóra"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "qabyq",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "қабық"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "sɑmbɑɑk chəə",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "សំបកឈើ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ki",
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"lang_code": "ki",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"class-5"
],
"word": "igoko"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "namukkeopjil",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "나무껍질"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "supi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "수피"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "kabık",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "кабык"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"lang_code": "lo",
"roman": "pư̄ak",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ເປືອກ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"lang_code": "lo",
"roman": "pư̄ak mai",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ເປືອກໄມ້"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "miza"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"note": "of a birch",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "tuoss"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"note": "of a pine and spruce",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "krejš"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cortex"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "miza"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"note": "of a birch",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "tāss"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ln",
"lang": "Lingala",
"lang_code": "ln",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "lomposo"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ln",
"lang": "Lingala",
"lang_code": "ln",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "loposo"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "lnj",
"lang": "Linngithigh",
"lang_code": "lnj",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "iwin"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "žievė̃"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"note": "of a birch",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tóšis"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rusca"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rüsca"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schuel"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "kulit kayu"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "qoxra"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roost"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "hiako"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "mi",
"english": "specifically applied to flaky or scaly bark",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"translation": "specifically applied to flaky or scaly bark",
"word": "pāpākiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "xoltos",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "холтос"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "qoltusu",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠬᠣᠯᠲᠤᠰᠤ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "aháshtʼóózh"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "azhííh"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"lang_code": "ne",
"roman": "bokrā",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "बोक्रा"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "êcorche"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "p'liche dé bouais"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "mns-nor",
"lang": "Northern Mansi",
"lang_code": "mns-nor",
"roman": "hurup",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "хуруп"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"lang_code": "se",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "bárku"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bork"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rusca"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escòrça"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"lang_code": "oj",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "wanagek"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"lang_code": "oj",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "wanagekwag"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rind"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"lang_code": "om",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "qola"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "pust-e deraxt",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "پوست درخت"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "pust",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "پوست"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "tuž",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "توژ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rusca"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "pjt",
"lang": "Pitjantjatjara",
"lang_code": "pjt",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "likara"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kora"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "łub"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "casca"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "scoarță"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "sm",
"lang": "Samoan",
"lang_code": "sm",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "paʻu"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "valka",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "वल्क"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "tvac",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "त्वच्"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "tarutvac",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "तरुत्वच्"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corzola"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "stq",
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Boark"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rùsg"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cairt"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sgrath"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kora"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "scorcia"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kôra"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lubje"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorja"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lub"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "škóra"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corteza"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "buba"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "xsv",
"lang": "Sudovian",
"lang_code": "xsv",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sakstis"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "xsv",
"lang": "Sudovian",
"lang_code": "xsv",
"note": "of a birch",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tosis"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "gamba"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "syl",
"lang": "Sylheti",
"lang_code": "syl",
"roman": "baxol",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ꠛꠣꠇꠟ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "balat ng kahoy"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "balatkahoy"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "püst",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "пӯст"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "qišr",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "қишр"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "paṭṭai",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "பட்டை"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "marappaṭṭai",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "மரப்பட்டை"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "vaṟkam",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "வற்கம்"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "porukku",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "பொருக்கு"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "qabıq",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "кабык"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"roman": "morugu",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "మొరుగు"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "bplʉ̀ʉak",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "เปลือก"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "bplʉ̀ʉak-máai",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "เปลือกไม้"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"roman": "shing gi pags pa",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ཤིང་གི་པགས་པ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "bo",
"english": "shing pags",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"translation": "shing pags",
"word": "ཤིང་པགས"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "bo",
"english": "shing shun",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"translation": "shing shun",
"word": "ཤིང་ཤུན"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "tgb",
"lang": "Tobilung",
"lang_code": "tgb",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "sansag"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ttj",
"lang": "Tooro",
"lang_code": "ttj",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ekisusu class 7"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ağaç kabuğu"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "kabuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "gabyk"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "chāl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "چھال"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "poʻstloq"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "poʻst"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "qobiq"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scòrç"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "vỏ"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "vỏ cây"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schoice"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pelake"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhisgl"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "skors"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "mww",
"lang": "White Hmong",
"lang_code": "mww",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "tawv"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "wyi",
"lang": "Woiwurrung",
"lang_code": "wyi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "wilam"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "qatïrïk",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "хатырык"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "kore",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קאָרע"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"lang_code": "yo",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "èèpo"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "yur",
"lang": "Yurok",
"lang_code": "yur",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "'warkwech"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "zne",
"lang": "Zande",
"lang_code": "zne",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "fuge"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "zea",
"lang": "Zealandic",
"lang_code": "zea",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schosse"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "za",
"lang": "Zhuang",
"lang_code": "za",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "naeng"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6"
],
"word": "igxolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 7 5 2 23",
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6"
],
"word": "ixolo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "en:Medicine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 5 9 3 16 19 4 2 6 4 4 5 2 2 3 5 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 9 2 15 18 4 2 6 4 5 5 3 2 2 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 5 11 3 19 21 4 2 7 2 1 3 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 9 7 2 18 21 3 2 6 2 1 7 7 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 7 7 1 15 16 3 1 8 3 6 5 3 1 0 1 7 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 5 2 2 27 13 2 2 3 3 3 9 3 1 0 2 7 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plant anatomy",
"orig": "en:Plant anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ainu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 30 33 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 34 31 6 3 4 7 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 34 29 8 4 4 6 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ivatan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kashubian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 32 32 7 3 4 7 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 28 33 6 3 6 8 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Mansi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 29 33 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 29 33 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Pitjantjatjara translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 32 7 3 4 8 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Samoan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 30 33 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sudovian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sylheti translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 30 33 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 30 34 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 29 33 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tooro translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 32 32 7 3 4 7 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 32 32 7 3 4 7 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 34 31 7 4 4 5 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zealandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Peruvian bark or Jesuit's bark, the bark of the cinchona from which quinine is produced."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-noun-BDmECDwd",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"Peruvian bark",
"Peruvian bark"
],
[
"Jesuit's bark",
"Jesuit's bark"
],
[
"cinchona",
"cinchona"
],
[
"quinine",
"quinine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Peruvian bark or Jesuit's bark, the bark of the cinchona from which quinine is produced."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 5 2 10 1 16 20 3 1 9 3 6 5 5 1 1 2 4 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 2 16 1 10 27 3 1 6 3 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 9 2 13 19 4 2 6 4 5 5 3 2 2 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 9 2 13 20 4 2 7 4 5 5 3 2 2 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 9 4 15 20 5 3 6 4 2 4 5 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 10 2 12 26 4 2 5 3 1 3 8 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 4 11 3 17 23 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 24 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aromanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 24 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Assamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 24 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 4 11 3 17 23 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 24 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bashkir translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 15 23 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 24 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 3 10 2 12 17 4 3 6 4 5 5 3 2 4 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 23 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 9 2 12 21 4 2 7 4 5 5 3 2 2 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 1 14 1 17 36 4 1 4 1 0 1 4 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 13 25 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cornish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 9 2 14 19 4 2 6 4 5 5 3 2 2 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 2 11 1 10 37 3 1 6 3 4 3 2 1 1 3 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 9 2 9 18 4 2 6 4 5 5 3 3 3 6 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 4 10 2 15 24 4 2 5 3 1 2 7 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 13 2 12 27 5 2 5 3 1 3 6 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 17 22 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 9 2 14 19 4 2 6 4 5 5 3 2 2 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 3 10 2 12 22 4 2 6 4 5 5 3 2 2 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 4 10 2 9 21 4 2 6 4 4 5 3 3 4 5 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 24 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Friulian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 15 23 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 4 10 2 15 22 4 2 5 3 1 2 8 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 3 11 2 11 22 4 2 6 4 5 5 3 2 2 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 10 3 14 23 4 3 5 3 1 5 7 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 23 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 7 10 3 16 22 4 2 6 2 1 3 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 5 9 3 16 19 4 2 6 4 4 5 2 2 3 5 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 9 2 12 20 4 2 7 4 5 5 3 2 2 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 11 2 12 24 9 2 5 2 1 3 10 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 17 22 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 12 3 14 27 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 4 12 2 13 19 4 2 5 3 1 3 8 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 12 2 13 26 5 2 5 3 1 3 6 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 12 2 14 27 5 2 5 2 1 3 6 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Jeju translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 9 2 11 20 4 2 7 4 5 5 3 2 2 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 24 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 15 24 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 10 2 15 23 9 2 5 3 1 2 8 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 24 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latgalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 12 2 13 26 5 2 5 3 1 3 6 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 17 22 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 17 22 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 11 2 15 24 6 4 5 3 1 2 6 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lombard translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 9 2 15 18 4 2 6 4 5 5 3 2 2 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 15 23 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 15 24 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maltese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 10 3 15 25 4 2 5 3 1 5 6 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 24 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 11 2 14 27 4 2 5 2 1 4 6 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 5 11 3 19 21 4 2 7 2 1 3 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 11 2 13 26 5 2 5 3 1 3 6 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Navajo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 15 23 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Nepali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 4 10 3 14 27 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 10 3 14 25 5 2 5 3 1 5 6 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 9 2 12 18 4 2 6 4 5 5 3 2 3 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 1 11 1 16 24 3 1 9 3 6 4 1 1 1 4 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 25 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ojibwe translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 9 7 2 18 21 3 2 6 2 1 7 7 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 11 2 12 26 5 2 5 3 1 3 6 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Oromo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 9 2 13 19 4 2 6 4 6 5 3 2 2 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 11 2 11 21 10 2 4 3 1 3 10 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 3 9 2 13 17 4 2 6 4 5 5 2 2 2 7 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 15 23 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 3 9 2 10 25 4 2 6 4 5 5 3 2 3 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 23 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 24 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sardinian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 10 3 14 23 5 2 5 3 1 4 5 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 3 9 2 13 22 4 2 6 4 4 5 3 2 2 5 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 24 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 17 22 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 15 23 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 10 2 11 22 3 1 7 3 5 5 3 2 3 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 11 2 12 26 5 2 5 3 1 3 6 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 11 2 15 28 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 24 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 15 23 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 4 11 2 16 21 8 2 6 3 1 2 7 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 12 2 13 26 5 2 5 3 1 3 6 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tobilung translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 15 25 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 10 3 14 28 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 5 12 2 17 26 4 2 6 2 1 3 5 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Venetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 4 11 3 17 23 5 2 6 3 1 3 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 12 2 12 25 5 2 5 3 1 3 6 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 24 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 8 2 13 17 4 2 6 5 4 5 3 2 4 6 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 11 2 13 26 5 2 5 3 1 3 6 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yakut translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 11 3 14 25 5 2 5 3 1 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 11 2 12 26 5 2 5 3 1 3 6 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yoruba translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 3 11 2 12 27 5 2 5 3 1 3 6 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zhuang translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 7 7 1 15 16 3 1 8 3 6 5 3 1 0 1 7 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ainu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 21 37 7 3 5 9 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Amharic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 30 33 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 21 37 7 3 5 9 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Boloki translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 34 31 6 3 4 7 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 34 29 8 4 4 6 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 26 35 7 3 4 8 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chamicuro translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 26 35 7 3 4 8 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cherokee translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 27 35 7 3 4 8 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Haida translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 35 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 26 35 7 3 4 8 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hiligaynon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ivatan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kashubian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 32 32 7 3 4 7 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 26 35 7 3 4 8 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kikuyu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 17 63 4 1 2 4 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lingala translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 27 36 6 3 4 8 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Linngithigh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 29 38 6 2 3 6 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 28 33 6 3 6 8 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Mansi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 29 33 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 28 37 6 3 4 7 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 29 33 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Pitjantjatjara translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 32 7 3 4 8 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Samoan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 24 58 4 1 1 4 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 20 63 4 1 1 4 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sranan Tongo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 30 33 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sudovian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sylheti translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 30 33 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 30 34 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 26 35 7 3 4 8 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 24 35 8 3 4 8 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tibetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 29 33 7 3 4 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tooro translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 32 32 7 3 4 7 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 32 32 7 3 4 7 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 34 31 7 4 4 5 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 27 50 4 1 2 5 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with White Hmong translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 28 38 6 2 3 7 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Woiwurrung translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 26 35 7 3 4 8 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yurok translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 26 35 7 3 4 8 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zande translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 34 7 3 4 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zealandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 27 36 8 2 3 8 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zulu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hard candy made in flat sheets, for instance out of chocolate, peanut butter, toffee or peppermint."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-noun-en:candy",
"links": [
[
"candy",
"candy"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:candy"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
65,
69
]
],
"ref": "2009, Julie Reinhardt, She-Smoke: A Backyard Barbecue Book, page 151:",
"text": "This softens the meat further, but at some loss of crunch to the bark.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The crust formed on barbecued meat that has had a rub applied to it."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-noun-en:crust",
"links": [
[
"crust",
"crust"
],
[
"barbecue",
"barbecue"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"rub",
"rub"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:crust"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The envelopment or outer covering of anything."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-noun-ifqjx2f5",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg/En-uk-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg/En-us-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "barque"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bark"
],
"word": "bark"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ringbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "barking iron"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bark"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bark",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "barc",
"4": "",
"5": "bark"
},
"expansion": "Old English barc (“bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "bǫrkr",
"4": "",
"5": "tree bark"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse bǫrkr (“tree bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*barkuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *barkuz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerHǵós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frāxinus",
"3": "",
"4": "ash"
},
"expansion": "Latin frāxinus (“ash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "béržas",
"3": "",
"4": "birch"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian béržas (“birch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bright"
},
"expansion": "English bright",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bark"
},
"expansion": "Danish bark",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "börkur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic börkur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "borke"
},
"expansion": "Low German borke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "berk",
"3": "",
"4": "bast"
},
"expansion": "Albanian berk (“bast”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bark, from Old English barc (“bark”), from Old Norse bǫrkr (“tree bark”), from Proto-Germanic *barkuz, probably related to *birkijǭ (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵós (compare Latin frāxinus (“ash”), Lithuanian béržas (“birch”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to gleam; white”) (compare English bright); akin to Danish bark, Icelandic börkur, Low German borke and Albanian berk (“bast”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "barking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "barked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "barked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "barke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bark (third-person singular simple present barks, present participle barking, simple past and past participle barked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
41
]
],
"ref": "1922, A. M. Chisholm, A Thousand a Plate:",
"text": "Along the river freshly felled and barked trees told of the activity of beaver, and in slow current and in eddies the tops of their winter's food supply lay like submerged brush fences projecting above the surface.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strip the bark from; to peel."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-verb-6M0W8FAM",
"links": [
[
"strip",
"strip"
],
[
"peel",
"peel"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "qëro"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "obelvam kora na",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "обелвам кора на"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "afbarke"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "ontschorsen"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "kuoria"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"note": "of a birch",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "tuohia"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "aisata"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "écorcer"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "abrinden"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "apofloióno",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "αποφλοιώνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "xefloudízo",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "ξεφλουδίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "scortecciare"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"alt": "じゅひをはぐ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "juhi o hagu",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "樹皮を剥ぐ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "bɑɑk sɑmbɑɑk chəə",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "បកសំបកឈើ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "bɑɑk",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "បក"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "bḧepê",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "بحەپێ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "brrewê",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "بڕەوێ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "glubo"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "lušti",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "лушти"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "béshneʼ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "descascar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obodrátʹ korú",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ободра́ть кору́"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obdirátʹ korú",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обдира́ть кору́"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "rùisg"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "plaoisg"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "descortezar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "barka"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "soymak"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "kabuğunu soymak"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "säjalön"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "dirisglo"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "rhisglo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "to bark one’s heel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
140,
146
]
],
"ref": "2019 May 8, Barney Ronay, “Liverpool’s waves of red fury and recklessness end in joyous bedlam”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Barcelona had been harried and hurried and stretched thin by the midway point in the second half. Tackles flew in. Toes were crushed, shins barked, ankles hacked.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To abrade or rub off any outer covering from."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-verb-~AJf6bhp",
"links": [
[
"abrade",
"abrade"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 92 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "ožulvam",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "ожулвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 92 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "odiram",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "одирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 92 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "skrubbe"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 92 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "schrapen"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 92 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "kuoria"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 92 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"word": "hiertää"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 92 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"word": "hiertyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 92 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "gdérno",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "γδέρνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 92 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "xefloudízo",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "ξεφλουδίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 92 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obodrátʹ",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "ободра́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 92 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obdirátʹ",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "обдира́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 92 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "soymak"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 92 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "kabuğunu soymak"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To girdle."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-verb-~l5FfJ65",
"links": [
[
"girdle",
"girdle"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "to bark the roof of a hut",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-verb-YyXpFoAa",
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"inclose",
"inclose"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 2 1 97",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pokrivam",
"sense": "to cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "покривам"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 1 97",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pokrija",
"sense": "to cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "покрия"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 1 97",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark",
"word": "tække"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 1 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark",
"word": "kattaa"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg/En-uk-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg/En-us-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "barque"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bark"
],
"word": "bark"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "barc"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "barke",
"4": "",
"5": "boat"
},
"expansion": "Middle English barke (“boat”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "barque"
},
"expansion": "Middle French barque",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "barca"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin barca",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "",
"4": "*barica"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *barica",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-cla",
"3": "bāris"
},
"expansion": "Classical Latin bāris",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βᾶρις",
"4": "",
"5": "Egyptian boat"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βᾶρις (bâris, “Egyptian boat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cop",
"3": "ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ",
"4": "",
"5": "small boat"
},
"expansion": "Coptic ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare, “small boat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "egx-dem",
"3": "br"
},
"expansion": "Demotic br",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "egy",
"3": "bꜣjr<hiero>b-bA-A-y:r*Z1-P1</hiero>",
"4": "",
"5": "transport ship"
},
"expansion": "Egyptian bꜣjrb-bA-A-y:r*Z1-P1 (“transport ship”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "barge, barque and baris"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of barge, barque and baris",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English barke (“boat”), from Middle French barque, from Late Latin barca, a regular syncope of Vulgar Latin *barica, from Classical Latin bāris, from Ancient Greek βᾶρις (bâris, “Egyptian boat”), from Coptic ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare, “small boat”), from Demotic br, from Egyptian bꜣjrb-bA-A-y:r*Z1-P1 (“transport ship”). Doublet of barge, barque and baris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barque",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "barke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bark (plural barks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A small sailing vessel, e.g. a pinnace or a fishing smack; a rowing boat or barge."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-noun-GEwj02ZA",
"links": [
[
"sail",
"sail"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"pinnace",
"pinnace"
],
[
"smack",
"smack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A small sailing vessel, e.g. a pinnace or a fishing smack; a rowing boat or barge."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "56 38 6",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"word": "bootjie"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 6",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"word": "aak"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 6",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"word": "barkë"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "barka",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барка"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bárka"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"word": "fartøj"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"word": "bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"word": "pursi"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 6",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "tuuk",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"word": "ទូក"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "barka",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барка"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 6",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "sanbok",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"word": "سنبک"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барка"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barka"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 38 6",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "llong"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
38
]
],
"ref": "c. 1609, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116:",
"text": "It is the star to every wandering bark",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
149,
153
]
],
"ref": "1817 December, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “The Revolt of Islam. […]”, in [Mary] Shelley, editor, The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. […], volume I, London: Edward Moxon […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 272:",
"text": "We know not where we go, or what sweet dream\nMay pilot us through caverns strange and fair\nOf far and pathless passion, while the stream\nOf life our bark doth on its whirlpools bear,\nSpreading swift wings as sails to the dim air; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
15
]
],
"ref": "a. 1887 (date written), Emily Dickinson, “[Book I.—Life] Whether my bark went down at sea”, in Mabel Loomis Todd and T[homas] W[entworth] Higginson, editors, Poems, First Series, Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, published 1890, →OCLC, page 38:",
"text": "Whether my bark went down at sea, / Whether she met with gales, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sailing vessel or boat of any kind."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-noun-bGWqTTdl",
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) A sailing vessel or boat of any kind."
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "29 46 25",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "poetic term for a boat",
"word": "pursi"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 46 25",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "poetic term for a boat",
"word": "venho"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 46 25",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "barka",
"sense": "poetic term for a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барка"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 46 25",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "bárka",
"sense": "poetic term for a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ба́рка"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 46 25",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "poetic term for a boat",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "барка"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 46 25",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "poetic term for a boat",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "barka"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 46 25",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "poetic term for a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "llong"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Watercraft",
"orig": "en:Watercraft",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
46
]
],
"ref": "1997, Mark Kurlansky, Cod, page 114:",
"text": "Europeans would cross the ocean in large barks built for deck space and large holds.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A vessel, typically with three (or more) masts, with the foremasts (or fore- and mainmasts) square-rigged, and mizzenmast schooner-rigged."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-noun-fNIlyMFB",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) A vessel, typically with three (or more) masts, with the foremasts (or fore- and mainmasts) square-rigged, and mizzenmast schooner-rigged."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"word": "bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "barka",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барка"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bricbarca"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"word": "bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"word": "bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "barkskip"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"word": "parkki"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barque"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"word": "bárka"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barkur"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "barka",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барка"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barca"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "bark",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "барк"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 18 58",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bricbarca"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg/En-uk-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg/En-us-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "barque"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bark"
],
"word": "bark"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "barks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bark (plural barks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An Irish person."
],
"id": "en-bark-en-noun-xD~e3ufa",
"links": [
[
"Irish",
"Irish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, obsolete) An Irish person."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg/En-uk-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg/En-us-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "barque"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bark"
],
"word": "bark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with audio examples",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Ojibwe translations",
"Requests for review of Swahili translations",
"Requests for review of Thai translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Corsican translations",
"Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Dzongkha translations",
"Terms with Eastern Min translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Gallurese translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Jeju translations",
"Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"Terms with Kaurna translations",
"Terms with Ket translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lombard translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maguindanao translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mansaka translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Maranao translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Nepali translations",
"Terms with Ngarrindjeri translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Ojibwe translations",
"Terms with Old Czech translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old Norse translations",
"Terms with Oromo translations",
"Terms with Ossetian translations",
"Terms with Pali translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polabian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Romansch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Sassarese translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Sotho translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sundanese translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tobilung translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Unami translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Vilamovian translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Yoruba translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations",
"Terms with Zhuang translations",
"en:Animal sounds",
"en:Botany",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "bark at print"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "bark at the wrong tree"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "barking"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "barking deer"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "barking dogs never bite"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "barking spider"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "barking squirrel"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "bark up the wrong tree"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "barky"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "bebark"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "buy a dog and bark oneself"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "dogs are barking"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "don't keep a dog and bark yourself"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "have a dog and bark oneself"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "keep a dog and bark oneself"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "outbark"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "park and bark"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "the dogs bark, but the caravan goes on"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "the dogs bark, but the caravan moves on"
},
{
"sense": "Terms derived from bark verb",
"word": "why keep a dog and bark yourself"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "barken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English barken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beorcan",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorcan (“to bark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*berkan",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *berkan (“to bark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerg-",
"t": "to make a noise, growl, bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "berkja",
"t": "to bark, bluster"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic berkja (“to bark, bluster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "barki",
"t": "throat, windpipe"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic barki (“throat, windpipe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "burgeti",
"3": "burgė́ti",
"t": "to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "brbljati",
"t": "to murmur"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian brbljati (“to murmur”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "beorc"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"alt": "",
"description": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog",
"filename": "Sound-of-dog.ogg",
"play": ""
},
"expansion": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog",
"name": "listen/core"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Sound-of-dog.ogg",
"2": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "listen"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English barken, berken, borken, from Old English beorcan (“to bark”), from the Proto-West Germanic *berkan (“to bark”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”), from *bʰer- (“to drone, hum, buzz”). Cognate with Icelandic berkja (“to bark, bluster”), Icelandic barki (“throat, windpipe”), dialectal Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”), Serbo-Croatian brbljati (“to murmur”). For the noun, compare Old English beorc, bearce (“barking”)..",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "barking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "barked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "barked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "barke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bark (third-person singular simple present barks, present participle barking, simple past and past participle barked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
37
]
],
"text": "The neighbour's dog is always barking.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
15
]
],
"text": "The seal barked as the zookeeper threw fish into its enclosure.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs (said of animals, especially dogs)."
],
"links": [
[
"explosive",
"explosive"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs (said of animals, especially dogs)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "give tongue"
},
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "latrate"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
23
]
],
"ref": "1530, Tyndale, A Pathway into the Holy Scripture:",
"text": "And therefore they bark, and say the scripture maketh heretics.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"ref": "1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):",
"text": "Where there is the barking of the belly, there no other commands will be heard, much less obeyed.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries."
],
"links": [
[
"clamor",
"clamor"
],
[
"importunate",
"importunate"
],
[
"outcries",
"outcry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"text": "The sergeant barked an order.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
31
]
],
"ref": "1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 3:",
"text": "Plainly he was prepared to bark out an interminable succession of charges against the Wanderer.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
53,
59
]
],
"ref": "2001, Salman Rushdie, Fury: A Novel, London: Jonathan Cape, →ISBN, page 5:",
"text": "Sudden anger rose in him. “What I’m looking for,” he barked, “is to be left in peace.” His voice trembled with a rage far bigger than her intrusion merited, the rage which shocked him whenever it coursed through his nervous system, like a flood.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
44
]
],
"ref": "2011 January 5, Mark Ashenden, “Wolverhampton 1 - 0 Chelsea”, in BBC:",
"text": "While McCarthy prowled the touchline barking orders, his opposite number watched on motionless and expressionless and, with 25 minutes to go, decided to throw on Nicolas Anelka for Kalou.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To speak sharply."
],
"links": [
[
"speak",
"speak"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To speak sharply."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg/En-uk-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg/En-us-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "barque"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "blaf"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "leh"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "nabaḥa",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "نَبَحَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "yanbaḥ",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"non-past"
],
"word": "يَنْبَح"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "arz",
"roman": "yenbaḥ",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ينبح"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "hačʻal",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "հաչալ"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "latru"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"lang_code": "as",
"roman": "bhuka",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ভুকা"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "lladrar"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "hürmək"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "öröw",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "өрөү"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "braxácʹ",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "браха́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pabraxácʹ",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пабраха́ць"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "harzhal"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "lája",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ла́я"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "lladrar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bordar"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "hulhol"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "fai⁶",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "吠"
},
{
"code": "cdo",
"lang": "Eastern Min Chinese",
"lang_code": "cdo",
"roman": "buôi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "吠"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "wāngwāng jiào",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "汪汪叫"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "fèi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "吠"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "hartha"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "abbaghjà"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "aghjabà"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ürümek"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "talamaq"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "štěkat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "štěknout"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "gø"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bjæffe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "blaffen"
},
{
"code": "dz",
"lang": "Dzongkha",
"lang_code": "dz",
"roman": "hab",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ཧབ"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "boji"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "haukuma"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "goyggja"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "haukkua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "once",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"translation": "once",
"word": "haukahtaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "aboyer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "japper"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bajâ"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ladrar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "touzar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "atouzar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "aloufar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "latir"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"lang_code": "sdn",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "abbaggjà"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "q̇epa",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ყეფა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bellen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "gavgízo",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "γαβγίζω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "hulaktéō",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ὑλακτέω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "navákh",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "נָבַח"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "bha͠uknā",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "भौंकना"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ugat"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "gelta"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "aboyar"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "menggonggong"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "latrar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "amhastraigh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bí ag tafann"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "sceamh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "abbaiare"
},
{
"alt": "ほえる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hoeru",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "吠える"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hoeru",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ほえる"
},
{
"code": "jje",
"lang": "Jeju",
"lang_code": "jje",
"roman": "jukda",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "죾다"
},
{
"code": "jje",
"lang": "Jeju",
"lang_code": "jje",
"roman": "jutda",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "줓다"
},
{
"code": "jje",
"lang": "Jeju",
"lang_code": "jje",
"roman": "onggonggonghawda",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "옹공공ᄒᆞ다"
},
{
"code": "jje",
"lang": "Jeju",
"lang_code": "jje",
"roman": "kangkanghawda",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "캉캉ᄒᆞ다"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "kaung"
},
{
"code": "zku",
"lang": "Kaurna",
"lang_code": "zku",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "warru-warrukanthi"
},
{
"code": "ket",
"lang": "Ket",
"lang_code": "ket",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ыын"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "luu",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "លូ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "pruh",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ព្រុស"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "jitda",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "짖다"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "hepa",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ھەپا"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "ürüü",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "үрүү"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"lang_code": "lo",
"roman": "hao",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ເຫົ່າ"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "rīt"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "lātrō"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "riet"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "loti"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "baià"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "lae",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лае"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "salak"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "gonggong"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "nebaħ"
},
{
"code": "msk",
"lang": "Mansaka",
"lang_code": "msk",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "taol"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "au"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "haru"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "pari"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "pahu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "pahupahu"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"roman": "bhuṅkṇe",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "भुंकणे"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "berken"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "xucax",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "хуцах"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "nahałʼin"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"lang_code": "ne",
"roman": "bhuknu",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "भुक्नु"
},
{
"code": "nay",
"lang": "Ngarrindjeri",
"lang_code": "nay",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "yrongumilun"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"Jersey"
],
"word": "ouasser"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"lang_code": "se",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ciellat"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "gjø"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "gjøde"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "gjøda"
},
{
"code": "zlw-ocs",
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "láti"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "beorcan"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "geyja"
},
{
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"lang_code": "om",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "dutuu"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"lang_code": "os",
"roman": "ræjyn",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "рӕйын"
},
{
"code": "pi",
"lang": "Pali",
"lang_code": "pi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bhussati"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "lâyidan",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "لاییدن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "pârs kardan",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "پارس کردن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "hâp kardan",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "هاپ کردن"
},
{
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "börĕt"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "szczekać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "latir"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ladrar"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ch'aqway"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ayñay"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "lătra"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "urlar"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "giappar"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "giapar"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bubler"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bublar"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "üerler"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "lájatʹ",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ла́ять"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "gávkatʹ",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "га́вкать"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "rāyaṭī",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "रायटी"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "bukkati",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "बुक्कति"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "baulare"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "abbaulare"
},
{
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"lang_code": "sdc",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "abbagià"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "berk"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bouff"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "comhartaich"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "tabhannaich"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ла̏јати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lȁjati"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "abbaiari"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "abbajari"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "štekať"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "brechať"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "havkať"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lajati"
},
{
"code": "st",
"lang": "Sotho",
"lang_code": "st",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bohola"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ladrar"
},
{
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"lang_code": "su",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "papagan"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "skälla"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "kahol"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "tahol"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "kurai",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "குரை"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "kulai",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "குலை"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "hào",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "เห่า"
},
{
"code": "tgb",
"lang": "Tobilung",
"lang_code": "tgb",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "mongusig"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "havlamak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "ürümek"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "brexáty",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бреха́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hávkaty",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "га́вкати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "hávknuty",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "га́вкнути"
},
{
"code": "unm",
"lang": "Unami",
"lang_code": "unm",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "mëkike"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bajar"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "bagiar"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "sủa"
},
{
"code": "wym",
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"lang_code": "wym",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "njaffa"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "vaulön"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "hawer"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "cyfarth"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "ür",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "үр"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "biln",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "בילן"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "havken",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "האַווקען"
},
{
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"lang_code": "yo",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "gbó"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "lawen"
},
{
"code": "za",
"lang": "Zhuang",
"lang_code": "za",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "aep"
},
{
"code": "za",
"lang": "Zhuang",
"lang_code": "za",
"sense": "to make a loud noise (dogs)",
"word": "raeuq"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "blaf"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vdigam šum",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "вдигам шум"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "reva",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "рева"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "råbe op"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "murista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "nurista"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "aboyer"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "gavgízo",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "γαβγίζω"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "vrevi",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "вреви"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "berken"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "bağırmak"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"sense": "to make a clamor",
"word": "qiren"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "blaf"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "izrevavam",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "изревавам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "izreva",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "изрева"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "råbe"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "bjæffe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "blaffen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "ärjyä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "once",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"translation": "once",
"word": "ärjäistä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "blaffen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "brüllen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "gavgízo",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "γαβγίζω"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "rjávkatʹ",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ря́вкать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "rjávknutʹ",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ря́вкнуть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "ladrar"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "kattu",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "கத்து"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "bağırmak"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "arthio"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"sense": "to speak sharply",
"word": "zıren"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bark"
],
"word": "bark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with audio examples",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Ojibwe translations",
"Requests for review of Swahili translations",
"Requests for review of Thai translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Corsican translations",
"Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Dzongkha translations",
"Terms with Eastern Min translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Gallurese translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Jeju translations",
"Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"Terms with Kaurna translations",
"Terms with Ket translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lombard translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maguindanao translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mansaka translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Maranao translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Nepali translations",
"Terms with Ngarrindjeri translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Ojibwe translations",
"Terms with Old Czech translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old Norse translations",
"Terms with Oromo translations",
"Terms with Ossetian translations",
"Terms with Pali translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polabian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Romansch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Sassarese translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Sotho translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sundanese translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tobilung translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Unami translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Vilamovian translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Yoruba translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations",
"Terms with Zhuang translations",
"en:Animal sounds",
"en:Botany",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "all bark and no bite"
},
{
"word": "all bark but no bite"
},
{
"word": "all bark no bite"
},
{
"word": "bark collar"
},
{
"word": "barkery"
},
{
"word": "Barkese"
},
{
"word": "barkitecture"
},
{
"word": "barkless"
},
{
"word": "bark mitzvah"
},
{
"word": "barkometer"
},
{
"word": "barksome"
},
{
"word": "barky"
},
{
"word": "midbark"
},
{
"word": "one's bark is worse than one's bite"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "barken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English barken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beorcan",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorcan (“to bark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*berkan",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *berkan (“to bark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerg-",
"t": "to make a noise, growl, bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "berkja",
"t": "to bark, bluster"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic berkja (“to bark, bluster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "barki",
"t": "throat, windpipe"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic barki (“throat, windpipe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "burgeti",
"3": "burgė́ti",
"t": "to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "brbljati",
"t": "to murmur"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian brbljati (“to murmur”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "beorc"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"alt": "",
"description": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog",
"filename": "Sound-of-dog.ogg",
"play": ""
},
"expansion": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog",
"name": "listen/core"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Sound-of-dog.ogg",
"2": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "listen"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English barken, berken, borken, from Old English beorcan (“to bark”), from the Proto-West Germanic *berkan (“to bark”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”), from *bʰer- (“to drone, hum, buzz”). Cognate with Icelandic berkja (“to bark, bluster”), Icelandic barki (“throat, windpipe”), dialectal Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”), Serbo-Croatian brbljati (“to murmur”). For the noun, compare Old English beorc, bearce (“barking”)..",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bark (plural barks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The short, loud, explosive sound uttered by a dog, a fox, and some other animals."
],
"links": [
[
"explosive",
"explosive"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"dog",
"dog"
],
[
"fox",
"fox"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
171,
175
]
],
"ref": "c. 1921, The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, volume 11:",
"text": "Fox’s clumsy figure, negligently dressed in blue and buff, seemed unprepossessing; only his shaggy eyebrows added to the expression of his face; his voice would rise to a bark in excitement.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
238,
242
]
],
"ref": "1949 January and February, F. G. Roe, “I Saw Three Englands–1”, in Railway Magazine, page 12:",
"text": "Long before Shap platform showed up around a corner and the two arms on the gradient post drooped in both directions at once, Duchess of Buccleuch's amiable throbbing purr at the stack [funnel, chimney] had become a fierce freight-engine bark, as she resolutely dragged at her enormous load.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An abrupt loud vocal utterance."
],
"links": [
[
"abrupt",
"abrupt"
],
[
"vocal",
"vocal"
],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) An abrupt loud vocal utterance."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The quick opening of the hi-hat cymbal as it is hit, followed by its timely closing."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"hi-hat",
"hi-hat"
],
[
"cymbal",
"cymbal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) The quick opening of the hi-hat cymbal as it is hit, followed by its timely closing."
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg/En-uk-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg/En-us-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "barque"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "blaf"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "geblaf"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "nubāḥ",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نُبَاح"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "hačʻocʻ",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "հաչոց"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lladríu"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "braxnjá",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "брахня́"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "laj",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лай"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "háwkannje",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "га́ўканне"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "brex",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "брэх"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "laj",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лай"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lladruc"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "fèi",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "吠"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "harth"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "talamaq"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "štěkání"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štěkot"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gøen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "geblaf"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "bojo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "haukku"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "individual",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"translation": "individual",
"word": "haukahdus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aboiement"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ladro"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "q̇epa",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "ყეფა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bellen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Gebell"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "gávgisma",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γάβγισμα"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "alýchtima",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "αλύχτημα"
},
{
"code": "el",
"english": "archaism",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ylakí",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"translation": "archaism",
"word": "υλακή"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "hulagmós",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ὑλαγμός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "nevikhá",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "נביחה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "ugatás"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gelt"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gá"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hundgá"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gey"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gjamm"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bofs"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tafann"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sceamh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abbaiamento"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "latrato"
},
{
"alt": "ほえごえ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hoegoe",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "吠え声"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "bproh",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "ព្រុស"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "hepandin",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "ھەپاندن"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "werrîn",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "وەڕین"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "reyîn"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "ewtîn"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "rewîn"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lātrātus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "laež",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лаеж"
},
{
"code": "mdh",
"lang": "Maguindanao",
"lang_code": "mdh",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "gebu"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "salak"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "salakan"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "gonggongan"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "kongkong"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "kung-kung"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "auau"
},
{
"code": "mrw",
"lang": "Maranao",
"lang_code": "mrw",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "gebo"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"lang_code": "se",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "ciellan"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bjeff"
},
{
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"lang_code": "oj",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "migiwin"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ġebeorc"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "lâyeš",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "لایش"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "pârs",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "پارس"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "szczekanie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "latido"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "lătrat"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "laj",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лай"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "comhart"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ла́веж"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "lávež"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štekot"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "lajež"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ladrido"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skall"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "kahol"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "tahol"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "hav"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "havlama"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "havkit",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "гавкіт"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "brexnjá",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "брехня́"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "vaul"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"repeated"
],
"word": "vaulam"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfarthiad"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfarth"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"sense": "short, loud, explosive utterance",
"word": "lawış"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "rev",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рев"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štěkot"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "haukahdus"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bellen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Gebell"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "reyîn"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "ewtîn"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "rewîn"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bjeff"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "hav"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "havlama"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "bağırma"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "bağırış"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfarthiad"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfarth"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"sense": "figurative: abrupt utterance",
"word": "qalen"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bark"
],
"word": "bark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with audio examples",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Ojibwe translations",
"Requests for review of Swahili translations",
"Requests for review of Thai translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Corsican translations",
"Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Dzongkha translations",
"Terms with Eastern Min translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Gallurese translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Jeju translations",
"Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"Terms with Kaurna translations",
"Terms with Ket translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lombard translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maguindanao translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mansaka translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Maranao translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Nepali translations",
"Terms with Ngarrindjeri translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Ojibwe translations",
"Terms with Old Czech translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old Norse translations",
"Terms with Oromo translations",
"Terms with Ossetian translations",
"Terms with Pali translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polabian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Romansch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Sassarese translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Sotho translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sundanese translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tobilung translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Unami translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Vilamovian translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Yoruba translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations",
"Terms with Zhuang translations",
"en:Animal sounds",
"en:Botany",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "barken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English barken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beorcan",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorcan (“to bark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*berkan",
"t": "to bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *berkan (“to bark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerg-",
"t": "to make a noise, growl, bark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "berkja",
"t": "to bark, bluster"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic berkja (“to bark, bluster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "barki",
"t": "throat, windpipe"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic barki (“throat, windpipe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "burgeti",
"3": "burgė́ti",
"t": "to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "brbljati",
"t": "to murmur"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian brbljati (“to murmur”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "beorc"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"alt": "",
"description": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog",
"filename": "Sound-of-dog.ogg",
"play": ""
},
"expansion": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog",
"name": "listen/core"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Sound-of-dog.ogg",
"2": "recorded barks (noun sense 1) of a dog"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "listen"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English barken, berken, borken, from Old English beorcan (“to bark”), from the Proto-West Germanic *berkan (“to bark”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”), from *bʰer- (“to drone, hum, buzz”). Cognate with Icelandic berkja (“to bark, bluster”), Icelandic barki (“throat, windpipe”), dialectal Lithuanian burgė́ti (“to growl, grumble, grouch, quarrel”), Serbo-Croatian brbljati (“to murmur”). For the noun, compare Old English beorc, bearce (“barking”)..",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The sound of a dog barking."
],
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound#English"
],
[
"dog",
"dog#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "woof"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg/En-uk-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg/En-us-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "barque"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bark"
],
"word": "bark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Northern Mansi translations",
"Requests for review of Swahili translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Ainu translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Amharic translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Boloki translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Chamicuro translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Haida translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hiligaynon translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Ivatan translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Jeju translations",
"Terms with Kashubian translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Kikuyu translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lingala translations",
"Terms with Linngithigh translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lombard translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Nepali translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Mansi translations",
"Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ojibwe translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old Irish translations",
"Terms with Oromo translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"Terms with Pitjantjatjara translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Samoan translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Saterland Frisian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sranan Tongo translations",
"Terms with Sudovian translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Sylheti translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Tobilung translations",
"Terms with Tooro translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with White Hmong translations",
"Terms with Woiwurrung translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Yoruba translations",
"Terms with Yurok translations",
"Terms with Zande translations",
"Terms with Zealandic translations",
"Terms with Zhuang translations",
"Terms with Zulu translations",
"en:Animal sounds",
"en:Botany",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bark bed"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Scolytinae spp.",
"word": "bark beetle"
},
{
"word": "barkbound"
},
{
"word": "bark bread"
},
{
"word": "bark dust"
},
{
"word": "barkery"
},
{
"word": "barkless"
},
{
"word": "barklike"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Coccidae spp.",
"word": "bark louse"
},
{
"word": "bark mill"
},
{
"word": "bark mixture"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Centruroides spp.",
"word": "bark scorpion"
},
{
"word": "bark spud"
},
{
"word": "barky"
},
{
"word": "beech bark disease"
},
{
"word": "birchbark"
},
{
"english": "especially Alstonia constricta",
"translation": "especially Alstonia constricta",
"word": "bitter bark"
},
{
"word": "cabbage-bark"
},
{
"word": "Cartagena bark"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cinchona spp.",
"word": "China bark"
},
{
"word": "cinchona bark"
},
{
"word": "crampbark"
},
{
"word": "debark"
},
{
"word": "debarker"
},
{
"word": "disbark"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Alstonia scholaris",
"word": "dita bark"
},
{
"word": "elm bark beetle"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Rhamnus purshiana",
"word": "holy bark"
},
{
"word": "ironbark"
},
{
"word": "lacebark"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Erythrophleum suaveolens",
"word": "Mancona bark"
},
{
"word": "maple bark disease"
},
{
"word": "maple bark stripper's disease"
},
{
"alt": "Cryptostroma corticale",
"word": "maple bark stripper's disease"
},
{
"word": "ninebark"
},
{
"word": "oakbark"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Melaleuca spp.",
"word": "paperbark"
},
{
"word": "park and bark"
},
{
"word": "peppermint bark"
},
{
"word": "ringbark"
},
{
"word": "ring-bark"
},
{
"word": "rootbark"
},
{
"word": "root bark"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Erythrophleum suaveolens",
"word": "sassy bark"
},
{
"word": "scale bark"
},
{
"word": "sevenbark"
},
{
"word": "shagbark"
},
{
"word": "shellbark"
},
{
"word": "soapbark"
},
{
"alt": "Cryptostroma corticale",
"word": "sooty bark disease"
},
{
"word": "stembark"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Eucalyptus spp.",
"word": "stringybark"
},
{
"word": "tanbark"
},
{
"word": "throw in the bark"
},
{
"word": "toothache bark"
},
{
"word": "tree bark"
},
{
"word": "treebark"
},
{
"word": "unbark"
},
{
"word": "underbark"
},
{
"word": "whitebark"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Drimys winteri",
"word": "Winter's bark"
},
{
"word": "worm bark"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cinchona spp.",
"word": "yellow bark"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bark"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bark",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "barc",
"4": "",
"5": "bark"
},
"expansion": "Old English barc (“bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "bǫrkr",
"4": "",
"5": "tree bark"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse bǫrkr (“tree bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*barkuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *barkuz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerHǵós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frāxinus",
"3": "",
"4": "ash"
},
"expansion": "Latin frāxinus (“ash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "béržas",
"3": "",
"4": "birch"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian béržas (“birch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bright"
},
"expansion": "English bright",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bark"
},
"expansion": "Danish bark",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "börkur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic börkur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "borke"
},
"expansion": "Low German borke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "berk",
"3": "",
"4": "bast"
},
"expansion": "Albanian berk (“bast”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bark, from Old English barc (“bark”), from Old Norse bǫrkr (“tree bark”), from Proto-Germanic *barkuz, probably related to *birkijǭ (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵós (compare Latin frāxinus (“ash”), Lithuanian béržas (“birch”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to gleam; white”) (compare English bright); akin to Danish bark, Icelandic börkur, Low German borke and Albanian berk (“bast”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "bark (countable and uncountable, plural barks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1879, Friedrich August Flückiger et al., Pharmacographia..., page 346:",
"text": "The hardships of bark-collecting in the primeval forests of South America are of the severest kind, and undergone only by the half-civilized Indians and people of mixed race, in the pay of speculators or companies located in the towns. Those who are engaged in the business, especially the collectors themselves, are called Cascarilleros or Cascadores, from the Spanish word Cascara, bark.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
115,
119
]
],
"ref": "2012 December 26, John Branch, “Snow Fall: The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 14 Nov 2013:",
"text": "Moving about 70 miles per hour, it crashed through the sturdy old-growth trees, snapping their limbs and shredding bark from their trunks.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree."
],
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, uncountable) The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree."
],
"senseid": [
"en:tree"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"Peruvian bark or Jesuit's bark, the bark of the cinchona from which quinine is produced."
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"Peruvian bark",
"Peruvian bark"
],
[
"Jesuit's bark",
"Jesuit's bark"
],
[
"cinchona",
"cinchona"
],
[
"quinine",
"quinine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Peruvian bark or Jesuit's bark, the bark of the cinchona from which quinine is produced."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Hard candy made in flat sheets, for instance out of chocolate, peanut butter, toffee or peppermint."
],
"links": [
[
"candy",
"candy"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:candy"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
65,
69
]
],
"ref": "2009, Julie Reinhardt, She-Smoke: A Backyard Barbecue Book, page 151:",
"text": "This softens the meat further, but at some loss of crunch to the bark.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The crust formed on barbecued meat that has had a rub applied to it."
],
"links": [
[
"crust",
"crust"
],
[
"barbecue",
"barbecue"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"rub",
"rub"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:crust"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The envelopment or outer covering of anything."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg/En-uk-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg/En-us-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "barque"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "rind"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "bas"
},
{
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"lang_code": "ain",
"roman": "kap",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "カㇷ゚"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lëvore"
},
{
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"lang_code": "am",
"roman": "ləṭ",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ልጥ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "liḥāʔ",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "لِحَاء"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "arz",
"roman": "gedʕ",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "جدع"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "keġew",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "կեղև"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "shcoarci"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coaji"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"lang_code": "as",
"roman": "bakoli",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "বাকলি"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corteza"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "qabıq"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "qabıq",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ҡабыҡ"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "oskol"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "kará",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кара́"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "chal",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ছাল"
},
{
"code": "bkt",
"lang": "Boloki",
"lang_code": "bkt",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "lomposo"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ruskenn"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"lang_code": "my",
"roman": "a.hkauk",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "အခေါက်"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escorça"
},
{
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"lang_code": "ccc",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "is̈hoopa"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"lang_code": "chr",
"roman": "uyalv",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ᎤᏯᎸ"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "syu⁶ pei⁴",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "樹皮 /树皮"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "shùpí",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "樹皮 /树皮"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rusken"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůra"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schors"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bast"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "arboŝelo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "koor"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "børkur"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "puunkuori"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "kaarna"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"hard"
],
"word": "parkki"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"note": "of a birch",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "tuohi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "écorce"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scuarce"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "casca"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "paraza"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tona"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cortiza"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arna"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "kerki",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ქერქი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"english": "if thicker",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"translation": "if thicker",
"word": "Borke"
},
{
"code": "de",
"english": "if thinner",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"translation": "if thinner",
"word": "Rinde"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "floiós",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "φλοιός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "phloiós",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "φλοιός"
},
{
"code": "hai",
"lang": "Haida",
"lang_code": "hai",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "giit"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"lang_code": "haw",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ʻili lāʻau"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "qlipá",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "קְלִפָּה"
},
{
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "panit sa kahoy"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "chāl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "छाल"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "kéreg"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "börkur"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "kortico"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "kulit pohon"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "pepagan"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rúsc"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coirt"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "snamh"
},
{
"code": "sga",
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rúsc"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corteccia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"feminine"
],
"word": "scorza"
},
{
"code": "ivv",
"lang": "Ivatan",
"lang_code": "ivv",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "kodit no kayo"
},
{
"alt": "きのかわ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "ki no kawa",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "木の皮"
},
{
"alt": "じゅひ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "juhi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "樹皮"
},
{
"code": "jje",
"lang": "Jeju",
"lang_code": "jje",
"roman": "nanggeojuk",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "낭거죽"
},
{
"code": "csb",
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "kóra"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "qabyq",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "қабық"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "sɑmbɑɑk chəə",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "សំបកឈើ"
},
{
"code": "ki",
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"lang_code": "ki",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"class-5"
],
"word": "igoko"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "namukkeopjil",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "나무껍질"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "supi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "수피"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"roman": "kabık",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "кабык"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"lang_code": "lo",
"roman": "pư̄ak",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ເປືອກ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"lang_code": "lo",
"roman": "pư̄ak mai",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ເປືອກໄມ້"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "miza"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"note": "of a birch",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "tuoss"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"note": "of a pine and spruce",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "krejš"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cortex"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "miza"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"note": "of a birch",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "tāss"
},
{
"code": "ln",
"lang": "Lingala",
"lang_code": "ln",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "lomposo"
},
{
"code": "ln",
"lang": "Lingala",
"lang_code": "ln",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "loposo"
},
{
"code": "lnj",
"lang": "Linngithigh",
"lang_code": "lnj",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "iwin"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "žievė̃"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"note": "of a birch",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tóšis"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rusca"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rüsca"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schuel"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "kulit kayu"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "qoxra"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roost"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "hiako"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"english": "specifically applied to flaky or scaly bark",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"translation": "specifically applied to flaky or scaly bark",
"word": "pāpākiri"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "bark"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "xoltos",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "холтос"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "qoltusu",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠬᠣᠯᠲᠤᠰᠤ"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "aháshtʼóózh"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "azhííh"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"lang_code": "ne",
"roman": "bokrā",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "बोक्रा"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "êcorche"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "p'liche dé bouais"
},
{
"code": "mns-nor",
"lang": "Northern Mansi",
"lang_code": "mns-nor",
"roman": "hurup",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "хуруп"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"lang_code": "se",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "bárku"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bork"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rusca"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escòrça"
},
{
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"lang_code": "oj",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "wanagek"
},
{
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"lang_code": "oj",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "wanagekwag"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rind"
},
{
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"lang_code": "om",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "qola"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "pust-e deraxt",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "پوست درخت"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "pust",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "پوست"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "tuž",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "توژ"
},
{
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rusca"
},
{
"code": "pjt",
"lang": "Pitjantjatjara",
"lang_code": "pjt",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "likara"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kora"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "łub"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "casca"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "scoarță"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
},
{
"code": "sm",
"lang": "Samoan",
"lang_code": "sm",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "paʻu"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "valka",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "वल्क"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "tvac",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "त्वच्"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "tarutvac",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "तरुत्वच्"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corzola"
},
{
"code": "stq",
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Boark"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rùsg"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cairt"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sgrath"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kora"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "scorcia"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kôra"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lubje"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorja"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lub"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "škóra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corteza"
},
{
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "buba"
},
{
"code": "xsv",
"lang": "Sudovian",
"lang_code": "xsv",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sakstis"
},
{
"code": "xsv",
"lang": "Sudovian",
"lang_code": "xsv",
"note": "of a birch",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tosis"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "gamba"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"code": "syl",
"lang": "Sylheti",
"lang_code": "syl",
"roman": "baxol",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ꠛꠣꠇꠟ"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "balat ng kahoy"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "balatkahoy"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "püst",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "пӯст"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "qišr",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "қишр"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "paṭṭai",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "பட்டை"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "marappaṭṭai",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "மரப்பட்டை"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "vaṟkam",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "வற்கம்"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "porukku",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "பொருக்கு"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"lang_code": "tt",
"roman": "qabıq",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "кабык"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"roman": "morugu",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "మొరుగు"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "bplʉ̀ʉak",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "เปลือก"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "bplʉ̀ʉak-máai",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "เปลือกไม้"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"roman": "shing gi pags pa",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ཤིང་གི་པགས་པ"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"english": "shing pags",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"translation": "shing pags",
"word": "ཤིང་པགས"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"english": "shing shun",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"lang_code": "bo",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"translation": "shing shun",
"word": "ཤིང་ཤུན"
},
{
"code": "tgb",
"lang": "Tobilung",
"lang_code": "tgb",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "sansag"
},
{
"code": "ttj",
"lang": "Tooro",
"lang_code": "ttj",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ekisusu class 7"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "ağaç kabuğu"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "kabuk"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "gabyk"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "chāl",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "چھال"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "poʻstloq"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "poʻst"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "qobiq"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scòrç"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "vỏ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "vỏ cây"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schoice"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pelake"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhisgl"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "skors"
},
{
"code": "mww",
"lang": "White Hmong",
"lang_code": "mww",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "tawv"
},
{
"code": "wyi",
"lang": "Woiwurrung",
"lang_code": "wyi",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "wilam"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"roman": "qatïrïk",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "хатырык"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "kore",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קאָרע"
},
{
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"lang_code": "yo",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "èèpo"
},
{
"code": "yur",
"lang": "Yurok",
"lang_code": "yur",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "'warkwech"
},
{
"code": "zne",
"lang": "Zande",
"lang_code": "zne",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "fuge"
},
{
"code": "zea",
"lang": "Zealandic",
"lang_code": "zea",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schosse"
},
{
"code": "za",
"lang": "Zhuang",
"lang_code": "za",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"word": "naeng"
},
{
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6"
],
"word": "igxolo"
},
{
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"sense": "exterior covering of a tree",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6"
],
"word": "ixolo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bark"
],
"word": "bark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Northern Mansi translations",
"Requests for review of Swahili translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Ainu translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Amharic translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Boloki translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Chamicuro translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Haida translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hiligaynon translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Ivatan translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Jeju translations",
"Terms with Kashubian translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Kikuyu translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lingala translations",
"Terms with Linngithigh translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lombard translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Nepali translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Mansi translations",
"Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ojibwe translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old Irish translations",
"Terms with Oromo translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"Terms with Pitjantjatjara translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Samoan translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Saterland Frisian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sranan Tongo translations",
"Terms with Sudovian translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Sylheti translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Tobilung translations",
"Terms with Tooro translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with White Hmong translations",
"Terms with Woiwurrung translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Yoruba translations",
"Terms with Yurok translations",
"Terms with Zande translations",
"Terms with Zealandic translations",
"Terms with Zhuang translations",
"Terms with Zulu translations",
"en:Animal sounds",
"en:Botany",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "barking iron"
},
{
"word": "ringbark"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bark"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bark",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "barc",
"4": "",
"5": "bark"
},
"expansion": "Old English barc (“bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "bǫrkr",
"4": "",
"5": "tree bark"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse bǫrkr (“tree bark”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*barkuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *barkuz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerHǵós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frāxinus",
"3": "",
"4": "ash"
},
"expansion": "Latin frāxinus (“ash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "béržas",
"3": "",
"4": "birch"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian béržas (“birch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bright"
},
"expansion": "English bright",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bark"
},
"expansion": "Danish bark",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "börkur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic börkur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "borke"
},
"expansion": "Low German borke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "berk",
"3": "",
"4": "bast"
},
"expansion": "Albanian berk (“bast”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bark, from Old English barc (“bark”), from Old Norse bǫrkr (“tree bark”), from Proto-Germanic *barkuz, probably related to *birkijǭ (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵós (compare Latin frāxinus (“ash”), Lithuanian béržas (“birch”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to gleam; white”) (compare English bright); akin to Danish bark, Icelandic börkur, Low German borke and Albanian berk (“bast”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "barking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "barked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "barked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "barke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bark (third-person singular simple present barks, present participle barking, simple past and past participle barked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
41
]
],
"ref": "1922, A. M. Chisholm, A Thousand a Plate:",
"text": "Along the river freshly felled and barked trees told of the activity of beaver, and in slow current and in eddies the tops of their winter's food supply lay like submerged brush fences projecting above the surface.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strip the bark from; to peel."
],
"links": [
[
"strip",
"strip"
],
[
"peel",
"peel"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "to bark one’s heel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
140,
146
]
],
"ref": "2019 May 8, Barney Ronay, “Liverpool’s waves of red fury and recklessness end in joyous bedlam”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Barcelona had been harried and hurried and stretched thin by the midway point in the second half. Tackles flew in. Toes were crushed, shins barked, ankles hacked.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To abrade or rub off any outer covering from."
],
"links": [
[
"abrade",
"abrade"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To girdle."
],
"links": [
[
"girdle",
"girdle"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "to bark the roof of a hut",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark."
],
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"inclose",
"inclose"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg/En-uk-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg/En-us-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "barque"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "qëro"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "obelvam kora na",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "обелвам кора на"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "afbarke"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "ontschorsen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "kuoria"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"note": "of a birch",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "tuohia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "aisata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "écorcer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "abrinden"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "apofloióno",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "αποφλοιώνω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "xefloudízo",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "ξεφλουδίζω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "scortecciare"
},
{
"alt": "じゅひをはぐ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "juhi o hagu",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "樹皮を剥ぐ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "bɑɑk sɑmbɑɑk chəə",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "បកសំបកឈើ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "bɑɑk",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "បក"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "bḧepê",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "بحەپێ"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "brrewê",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "بڕەوێ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "glubo"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "lušti",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "лушти"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "béshneʼ"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "descascar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obodrátʹ korú",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ободра́ть кору́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obdirátʹ korú",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обдира́ть кору́"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "rùisg"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "plaoisg"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "descortezar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "barka"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "soymak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "kabuğunu soymak"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "säjalön"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "dirisglo"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to strip the bark from, to peel",
"word": "rhisglo"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "ožulvam",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "ожулвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "odiram",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "одирам"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "skrubbe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "schrapen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "kuoria"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"word": "hiertää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"word": "hiertyä"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "gdérno",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "γδέρνω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "xefloudízo",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "ξεφλουδίζω"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obodrátʹ",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "ободра́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obdirátʹ",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "обдира́ть"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "soymak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "to abrade or rub off any outer covering from",
"word": "kabuğunu soymak"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pokrivam",
"sense": "to cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "покривам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pokrija",
"sense": "to cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "покрия"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark",
"word": "tække"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark",
"word": "kattaa"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bark"
],
"word": "bark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Classical Latin",
"English terms derived from Coptic",
"English terms derived from Demotic",
"English terms derived from Egyptian",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Animal sounds",
"en:Botany",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "barc"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "barke",
"4": "",
"5": "boat"
},
"expansion": "Middle English barke (“boat”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "barque"
},
"expansion": "Middle French barque",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "barca"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin barca",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "",
"4": "*barica"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *barica",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-cla",
"3": "bāris"
},
"expansion": "Classical Latin bāris",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βᾶρις",
"4": "",
"5": "Egyptian boat"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βᾶρις (bâris, “Egyptian boat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cop",
"3": "ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ",
"4": "",
"5": "small boat"
},
"expansion": "Coptic ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare, “small boat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "egx-dem",
"3": "br"
},
"expansion": "Demotic br",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "egy",
"3": "bꜣjr<hiero>b-bA-A-y:r*Z1-P1</hiero>",
"4": "",
"5": "transport ship"
},
"expansion": "Egyptian bꜣjrb-bA-A-y:r*Z1-P1 (“transport ship”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "barge, barque and baris"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of barge, barque and baris",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English barke (“boat”), from Middle French barque, from Late Latin barca, a regular syncope of Vulgar Latin *barica, from Classical Latin bāris, from Ancient Greek βᾶρις (bâris, “Egyptian boat”), from Coptic ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare, “small boat”), from Demotic br, from Egyptian bꜣjrb-bA-A-y:r*Z1-P1 (“transport ship”). Doublet of barge, barque and baris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barque",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "barke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bark (plural barks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A small sailing vessel, e.g. a pinnace or a fishing smack; a rowing boat or barge."
],
"links": [
[
"sail",
"sail"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"pinnace",
"pinnace"
],
[
"smack",
"smack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A small sailing vessel, e.g. a pinnace or a fishing smack; a rowing boat or barge."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English poetic terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
38
]
],
"ref": "c. 1609, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116:",
"text": "It is the star to every wandering bark",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
149,
153
]
],
"ref": "1817 December, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “The Revolt of Islam. […]”, in [Mary] Shelley, editor, The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. […], volume I, London: Edward Moxon […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 272:",
"text": "We know not where we go, or what sweet dream\nMay pilot us through caverns strange and fair\nOf far and pathless passion, while the stream\nOf life our bark doth on its whirlpools bear,\nSpreading swift wings as sails to the dim air; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
15
]
],
"ref": "a. 1887 (date written), Emily Dickinson, “[Book I.—Life] Whether my bark went down at sea”, in Mabel Loomis Todd and T[homas] W[entworth] Higginson, editors, Poems, First Series, Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, published 1890, →OCLC, page 38:",
"text": "Whether my bark went down at sea, / Whether she met with gales, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sailing vessel or boat of any kind."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) A sailing vessel or boat of any kind."
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Watercraft"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
46
]
],
"ref": "1997, Mark Kurlansky, Cod, page 114:",
"text": "Europeans would cross the ocean in large barks built for deck space and large holds.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A vessel, typically with three (or more) masts, with the foremasts (or fore- and mainmasts) square-rigged, and mizzenmast schooner-rigged."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) A vessel, typically with three (or more) masts, with the foremasts (or fore- and mainmasts) square-rigged, and mizzenmast schooner-rigged."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg/En-uk-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg/En-us-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "barque"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"word": "bootjie"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"word": "aak"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"word": "barkë"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "barka",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барка"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bárka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"word": "fartøj"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"word": "bark"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"word": "pursi"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "tuuk",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"word": "ទូក"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "barka",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барка"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "sanbok",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"word": "سنبک"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barka"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "small sailing vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "llong"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "poetic term for a boat",
"word": "pursi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "poetic term for a boat",
"word": "venho"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "barka",
"sense": "poetic term for a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "bárka",
"sense": "poetic term for a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ба́рка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "poetic term for a boat",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "барка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "poetic term for a boat",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "barka"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "poetic term for a boat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "llong"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"word": "bark"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "barka",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bricbarca"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"word": "bark"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"word": "bark"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "barkskip"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"word": "parkki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barque"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bark"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"word": "bárka"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barkur"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "barka",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барка"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barca"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "bark",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "барк"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "three-masted vessel, foremast and mainmast square-rigged, mizzenmast schooner-rigged",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bricbarca"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bark"
],
"word": "bark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k/1 syllable",
"en:Animal sounds",
"en:Botany",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "barks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bark (plural barks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An Irish person."
],
"links": [
[
"Irish",
"Irish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, obsolete) An Irish person."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg/En-uk-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-uk-bark.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg/En-us-bark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/En-us-bark.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "barque"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bark"
],
"word": "bark"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bark meaning in English (141.0kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Italian: (1) __IGNORE__",
"path": [
"bark"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "bark",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Latin: (1,3) __IGNORE__, (1) __IGNORE__",
"path": [
"bark"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "bark",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Tooro: 'ekisusu class 7', originally 'ekisusu class 7'",
"path": [
"bark"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bark",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"bark",
"Template:der",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:derived()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "bark",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 503885886<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 30 Jan 2026 12:05:23 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"bark",
"Template:der",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:derived()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "bark",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 518325120<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 30 Jan 2026 12:06:18 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"bark",
"Template:der",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:derived()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "bark",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 520750452<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 30 Jan 2026 12:07:14 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"bark",
"Template:der",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:derived()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "bark",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 523567709<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 30 Jan 2026 12:08:09 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"bark",
"Template:der",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:derived()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "bark",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 526025357<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 30 Jan 2026 12:09:04 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.