See woof in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for woof meaning in English (72.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "warp and woof"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*webʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wof"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wof",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "oof"
},
"expansion": "oof",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "owf",
"t": "threads in a piece of woven fabric at right angles to the warp, weft, woof; also sometimes the warp; transverse filaments of a spider web"
},
"expansion": "owf (“threads in a piece of woven fabric at right angles to the warp, weft, woof; also sometimes the warp; transverse filaments of a spider web”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "of, ofe, offe",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "w"
},
"expansion": "w",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "warp"
},
"expansion": "warp",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "weft"
},
"expansion": "weft",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ōwef"
},
"expansion": "Old English ōwef",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "āwef"
},
"expansion": "āwef",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ō-"
},
"expansion": "ō-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ā-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’"
},
"expansion": "ā- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*wef",
"t": "web"
},
"expansion": "*wef (“web”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gewef",
"t": "woof"
},
"expansion": "gewef (“woof”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wefan",
"t": "to weave"
},
"expansion": "wefan (“to weave”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*weban",
"t": "to weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *weban (“to weave”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*webaną",
"t": "to weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *webaną (“to weave”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*webʰ-",
"t": "to braid; to weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid; to weave”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English wof, oof, owf (“threads in a piece of woven fabric at right angles to the warp, weft, woof; also sometimes the warp; transverse filaments of a spider web”) [and other forms] (the forms beginning with w were influenced by warp and weft), from Old English ōwef, āwef, from ō-, ā- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’) + *wef (“web”) (only attested in the form gewef (“woof”); from wefan (“to weave”), from Proto-West Germanic *weban (“to weave”), from Proto-Germanic *webaną (“to weave”), from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid; to weave”)).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "woofs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "woof (plural woofs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weaving",
"orig": "en:Weaving",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 13 3 3 3 6 2 1 6 6 15 1 9 10 1 2 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 10 7 8 5 4 6 1 3 5 11 4 7 8 2 2 5 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "en:Talking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp; the weft."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-noun-en:weaving",
"links": [
[
"weaving",
"weaving#Noun"
],
[
"set",
"set#Noun"
],
[
"yarns",
"yarn#Noun"
],
[
"carried",
"carry"
],
[
"shuttle",
"shuttle#Noun"
],
[
"loom",
"loom#Noun"
],
[
"placed",
"place#Verb"
],
[
"crosswise",
"crosswise#Adverb"
],
[
"right angle",
"right angle"
],
[
"interlaced",
"interlace#Verb"
],
[
"warp",
"warp#Noun"
],
[
"weft",
"weft"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaving)",
"The set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp; the weft."
],
"senseid": [
"en:weaving"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles",
"weaving"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "liq"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lisë"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tʿezan",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "թեզան"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "utók",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "уто́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎ́tǎk",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "въ́тък"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trama"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "緯"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wěi",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "纬"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "緯紗"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wěishā",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "纬纱"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inslag"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "kude"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "kude"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trame"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trame"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trama"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "tapume"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schussfaden"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "yfádi",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "υφάδι"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pḗnē",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πήνη"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "krókē",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κρόκη"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "'érev",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "עֵרֶב"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "keresztfonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "vetülékfonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "wefto"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inneach"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trama"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"alt": "よこいと",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yokoito",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "横糸"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"alt": "よこいと",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yokoito",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "緯"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssisil",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "씨실"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"alt": "緯絲",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "wisa",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "위사"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "po",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "پۆ"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "subtēmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "játok",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ја́ток"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "pāvŭ",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "പാവ്"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "aho"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "innslag"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "islett"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "veft"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pud",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "پود"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wątek"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trama"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bătătură"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "utók",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "уто́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "prota",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "प्रोत"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "по̏тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pȍtka"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "útok"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "votek"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trama"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "väft"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sên dâai taang-kwǎang",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "เส้นด้ายทางขวาง"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "utík",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "уті́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trama"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 6 9 7 2 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "anwe"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weaving",
"orig": "en:Weaving",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1757, John Dyer, “Book II”, in The Fleece: A Poem. […], London: […] R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 77, lines 600–602",
"text": "The purple ſtain on fleecy vvoofs he ſpread, / VVhich lur'd the eye, adorning many a nymph, / And drevv the pomp of trade to riſing Tyre.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A woven fabric; also, the texture of a fabric."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-noun-UzMwM2bk",
"links": [
[
"weaving",
"weaving#Noun"
],
[
"woven",
"woven#Adjective"
],
[
"fabric",
"fabric#Noun"
],
[
"texture",
"texture#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaving)",
"(by extension) A woven fabric; also, the texture of a fabric."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles",
"weaving"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 43 26 7 0 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "woven fabric",
"word": "kudos"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 43 26 7 0 20",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "woven fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "țesătură"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weaving",
"orig": "en:Weaving",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The thread or yarn used to form the weft of woven fabric; the fill, the weft."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-noun-z1daeBQH",
"links": [
[
"weaving",
"weaving#Noun"
],
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"thread",
"thread#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"form",
"form#Verb"
],
[
"fill",
"fill#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaving)",
"(by extension, loosely, chiefly poetic) The thread or yarn used to form the weft of woven fabric; the fill, the weft."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"poetic"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles",
"weaving"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weaving",
"orig": "en:Weaving",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of weaving (“the process of making woven material on a loom”)"
],
"id": "en-woof-en-noun-QQNPQoJx",
"links": [
[
"weaving",
"weaving#Noun"
],
[
"weaving",
"weaving#English"
],
[
"process",
"process#Noun"
],
[
"making",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"material",
"material#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaving)",
"(obsolete, rare) Synonym of weaving (“the process of making woven material on a loom”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the process of making woven material on a loom",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "weaving"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles",
"weaving"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Something which is interwoven with another thing."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-noun-Evc51k8e",
"links": [
[
"interwoven",
"interweave"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"Something which is interwoven with another thing."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 1 1 95 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "something which is interwoven with another thing",
"word": "kudos"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 1 1 95 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "something which is interwoven with another thing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "țesătură"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1838, [Samuel Griswold Goodrich], “The Fireside”, in Fireside Education. […], New York, N.Y.: Samuel Colman, →OCLC, page 71",
"text": "The fireside, then, is a seminary of infinite importance; it is important because it is universal, and because the education it bestows, being woven in with the woof of childhood, gives form and color to the whole texture of social life. There are few who can receive the honors of a college, but all are graduates of the hearth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An underlying foundation or structure of something; a fabric."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-noun-fkD3UZke",
"links": [
[
"underlying",
"underlying#Adjective"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
],
[
"structure",
"structure#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"An underlying foundation or structure of something; a fabric."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wuːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wuf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-woof.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-woof.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga/En-us-woof.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "wo͝of"
}
],
"word": "woof"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*webʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wof"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wof",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "oof"
},
"expansion": "oof",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "owf",
"t": "threads in a piece of woven fabric at right angles to the warp, weft, woof; also sometimes the warp; transverse filaments of a spider web"
},
"expansion": "owf (“threads in a piece of woven fabric at right angles to the warp, weft, woof; also sometimes the warp; transverse filaments of a spider web”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "of, ofe, offe",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "w"
},
"expansion": "w",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "warp"
},
"expansion": "warp",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "weft"
},
"expansion": "weft",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ōwef"
},
"expansion": "Old English ōwef",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "āwef"
},
"expansion": "āwef",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ō-"
},
"expansion": "ō-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ā-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’"
},
"expansion": "ā- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*wef",
"t": "web"
},
"expansion": "*wef (“web”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gewef",
"t": "woof"
},
"expansion": "gewef (“woof”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wefan",
"t": "to weave"
},
"expansion": "wefan (“to weave”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*weban",
"t": "to weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *weban (“to weave”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*webaną",
"t": "to weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *webaną (“to weave”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*webʰ-",
"t": "to braid; to weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid; to weave”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English wof, oof, owf (“threads in a piece of woven fabric at right angles to the warp, weft, woof; also sometimes the warp; transverse filaments of a spider web”) [and other forms] (the forms beginning with w were influenced by warp and weft), from Old English ōwef, āwef, from ō-, ā- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’) + *wef (“web”) (only attested in the form gewef (“woof”); from wefan (“to weave”), from Proto-West Germanic *weban (“to weave”), from Proto-Germanic *webaną (“to weave”), from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid; to weave”)).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "woofs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "woofing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "woofed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "woofed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "woof (third-person singular simple present woofs, present participle woofing, simple past and past participle woofed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weaving",
"orig": "en:Weaving",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 13 3 3 3 6 2 1 6 6 15 1 9 10 1 2 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 10 7 8 5 4 6 1 3 5 11 4 7 8 2 2 5 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "en:Talking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1894, Alice C[laire] MacDonell, “The Weaving of the Tartan”, in Elizabeth A[melia] Sharp, editor, Lyra Celtica: An Anthology of Representative Celtic Poetry […], Edinburgh: Patrick Geddes and Colleagues […], published 1896, →OCLC, page 252",
"text": "And warp well the long threads, / The bright threads, the strong threads; / Woof well the cross threads, / To make the colours shine.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1936–1938, W. W. Dixon, quoting Dan Smith, “Dan Smith: Ex-slave 75 Years [Project #1655]”, in Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves […], volume XIV (South Carolina Narratives), part 4, Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, published 1941, →OCLC, page 97",
"text": "After de yarn was spin, it was reeled off de spools into hanks and then took to de warper. Then she woofed it, warped it, and loomed it into cloth. Her make for yards in a day.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To place (yarns) crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp in a loom."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-verb-JHEAvoql",
"links": [
[
"weaving",
"weaving#Noun"
],
[
"place",
"place#Verb"
],
[
"yarns",
"yarn#Noun"
],
[
"crosswise",
"crosswise#Adverb"
],
[
"right angle",
"right angle"
],
[
"interlaced",
"interlace#Verb"
],
[
"warp",
"warp#Noun"
],
[
"loom",
"loom#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaving) To place (yarns) crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp in a loom."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles",
"weaving"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to place (yarns) crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp in a loom",
"word": "asettaa kude"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to place (yarns) crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp in a loom",
"word": "urzi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1922 July, Mrs. Cecil Clementi [Marie Penelope Rose Eyres], “An Odyssey of Fourteen Rivers”, in Blackwood’s Magazine, American edition, volume CCXII, number MCCLXXXI, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publication Co., Barr Ferree, prop[rietor] […], →OCLC, page 6, column 2",
"text": "Here and there, where the land has not been cleared and the tide of dense swamp-forest closes upon the road, one gazes into the fearful tangle of vegetation, warped and woofed together by lianas and creeping plants of every description, and then realises what the work of clearing has been.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Jerome Frisk, “The Theoretical (Re)Positions of the New Western History”, in Forrest G[len] Robinson, editor, The New Western History: The Territory Ahead, Tucson, Ariz.: University of Arizona Press, published 1998, page 23",
"text": "Many would contest the view (which [Patricia Nelson] Limerick shares with [Gerald D.] Nash) that the '60s generation was forged by some common experience, and warped and woofed into a programmatic consensus of evaluative priorities and analytical strategies.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To interweave (something) with another thing; to weave (several things) together."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-verb-bwyxoSmS",
"links": [
[
"interweave",
"interweave"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"weave",
"weave#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To interweave (something) with another thing; to weave (several things) together."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wuːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wuf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-woof.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-woof.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga/En-us-woof.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "wo͝of"
}
],
"word": "woof"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "woof-woof"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "interjection",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "humorous"
},
"expansion": "sense 2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "eat"
},
"expansion": "sense 1.2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wolf",
"t": "to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble"
},
"expansion": "wolf (“to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The interjection and noun are onomatopoeic. Interjection sense 2 (“used to express strong physical attraction for someone”) probably alludes to the eager barking of a dog.\nThe verb is probably derived from the interjection and the noun. Verb sense 1.2 (“to eat (food) voraciously”) may be influenced by or, alternatively, derived from wolf (“to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "woof",
"name": "en-interj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1918, Boyd Cable [pseudonym], “Bring Home the ’Bus”, in Air Men o’ War, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 14",
"text": "\"Woof\" came another [anti-aircraft] shell, and then in quick succession another and another, the last one dead ahead and with such correct elevation that, a second later, the machine flashed through the streaming black smoke of the burst.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1933 March, E. Waldo Long, “Ricardo Draws the Line”, in Boys’ Life. The Boy Scouts’ Magazine, volume XXIII, number 3, New York, N.Y.: Boy Scouts of America, →OCLC, page 10, column 1",
"text": "[…] Ricardo [a collie] made the announcement in his usual manner—with suppressed exclamatory \"woofs\" that always sounded to Kimball like small explosions of canine emotion. And, also according to custom, Friday [a bear cub] promptly grew inexpressibly interested and excited. Those \"woof\" noises always were interpreted by him as warnings of the approach of something whose status as friend or foe had not yet been determined. […] Friday gave vent to a series of \"woofs\" in imitation of Ricardo […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1985 February, Michael Parfit, “Kodiak: ‘Twice as Good as Anybody!’”, in Connie Bourassa-Shaw, editor, Islands: An International Magazine, Santa Barbara, Calif.: Islands Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 47, column 2",
"text": "Startled bears often make a ‘whoosh’ or ‘woof’ sound as they turn to run. As long as bears run, don’t be alarmed. If, however, bears stand their ground and begin a series of woofs (like air forced out of a bellows), or pop their teeth together, or both, then this is your invitation to leave.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to indicate the sound of a dog barking, or something resembling it."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-intj-PMawFTNd",
"links": [
[
"Used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"dog",
"dog#Noun"
],
[
"barking",
"bark#Verb"
],
[
"resembling",
"resemble#English"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "69 31",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to indicate the sound of a dog barking, or something resembling it",
"word": "hau"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 31",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to indicate the sound of a dog barking, or something resembling it",
"word": "vuh"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 31",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "av",
"sense": "used to indicate the sound of a dog barking, or something resembling it",
"word": "ав"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 31",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "used to indicate the sound of a dog barking, or something resembling it",
"word": "ham"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 31",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "used to indicate the sound of a dog barking, or something resembling it",
"word": "țah"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Remmy Duchene, Love Me Harder, San Francisco, Calif.: Loose Id",
"text": "I see a hardworking man, with a smile that lights up a room—very sexy—woof!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to express strong physical attraction for someone."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-intj-en:humorous",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"express",
"express#Verb"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#Adjective"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#Adjective"
],
[
"attraction",
"attraction#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humorous) Used to express strong physical attraction for someone."
],
"senseid": [
"en:humorous"
],
"tags": [
"humorous"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "30 70",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to express strong physical attraction for someone",
"word": "huh"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 70",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "used to express strong physical attraction for someone",
"word": "mâr"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wuːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wuf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-woof.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-woof.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga/En-us-woof.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "wo͝of"
}
],
"word": "woof"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "arf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "borf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bow wow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "growl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "howl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "snarl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "whimper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "whine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "yap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "yelp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "yip"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "subwoofer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "woofer"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "interjection",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "humorous"
},
"expansion": "sense 2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "eat"
},
"expansion": "sense 1.2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wolf",
"t": "to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble"
},
"expansion": "wolf (“to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The interjection and noun are onomatopoeic. Interjection sense 2 (“used to express strong physical attraction for someone”) probably alludes to the eager barking of a dog.\nThe verb is probably derived from the interjection and the noun. Verb sense 1.2 (“to eat (food) voraciously”) may be influenced by or, alternatively, derived from wolf (“to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "woofs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "woof (plural woofs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 2 5 2 2 2 2 2 11 14 3 5 2 3 13 13 10 2 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "en:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The sound a dog makes when barking; a bark."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-noun-tXjV4ezH",
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"dog",
"dog#Noun"
],
[
"makes",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"barking",
"bark#Verb"
],
[
"bark",
"bark#Noun"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "woef"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "haw haw",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "هَو هَو"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "bhou bhou",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "ভৌ ভৌ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "eu",
"english": "any dog",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "au-au"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "eu",
"english": "small dog",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "txau-txau"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "eu",
"english": "large dog",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "zaunk-zaunk"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "drezgav laj",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дрезгав лай"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "bof"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "bub"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "buf"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "wou¹ wou¹",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "㕵㕵"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wāngwāng",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "汪汪"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "haf"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "vov"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "vuf"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "waf"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "woef"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "boj"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "auh"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "voff"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "haukunta"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "ouaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "oua-oua"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "boubou"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "wuff"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "rawau"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "wau"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gav",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "γαβ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hau",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "הָאוּ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hav",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "הַב"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "vau"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "iba",
"lang": "Iban",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "kaung-kaung"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "voff"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "guk guk"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "bau bau"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "wan",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "ワン"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "veeh",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "វ៉េសវ៉ូស"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "km",
"english": "large dog",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "hɔɔ",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "ហ៊"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "meongmeong",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "멍멍"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "av-av",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "ав-ав"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "gonggong"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "kung-kung"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xav xav",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "хав хав"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "voff"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "vov"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "hau"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
],
"word": "ão-ão"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "au-au"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "ham-ham"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "ham"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "țah"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gav-gav",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "гав-гав"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "af"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "av"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guau"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "vov"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "voff"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "hôong",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "โฮ่ง"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "โฮ่ง ๆ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "hóong",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "โฮ้ง"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "โฮ้ง ๆ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "hav"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "gâu gâu"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sound engineering",
"orig": "en:Sound engineering",
"parents": [
"Engineering",
"Sound",
"Applied sciences",
"Technology",
"Energy",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 5 2 2 2 2 2 11 14 3 5 2 3 13 13 10 2 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "en:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1918, Boyd Cable [pseudonym], “Bring Home the ’Bus”, in Air Men o’ War, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 14",
"text": "He looked up and out a moment as there came to his ear, dully but unmistakably above the roar of the engine, the hoarse \"woof\" of a bursting anti-aircraft shell.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Fiona A. Reid, “Monkeys (Order Primates)”, in A Field Guide to the Mammals of Central America & Southeast Mexico, New York, N.Y.; Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, page 179, column 1",
"text": "Calls [of the mantled howler monkey] include woofs, grunts, barks, and howls. […] A series of loud, low barks or woofs precede the long roar.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sound resembling a dog's bark; specifically (sound engineering), a low-frequency sound of bad quality produced by a loudspeaker."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-noun-Gy~fp0cx",
"links": [
[
"resembling",
"resemble"
],
[
"sound engineering",
"sound engineering"
],
[
"low",
"low"
],
[
"frequency",
"frequency"
],
[
"bad",
"bad#Adjective"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#Noun"
],
[
"produced",
"produce#Verb"
],
[
"loudspeaker",
"loudspeaker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A sound resembling a dog's bark; specifically (sound engineering), a low-frequency sound of bad quality produced by a loudspeaker."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "20 80",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sound resembling a dog’s bark; low-frequency sound of bad quality produced by a loudspeaker",
"word": "haukunta"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 80",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sound resembling a dog’s bark; low-frequency sound of bad quality produced by a loudspeaker",
"word": "karjunta"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wuːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wuf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-woof.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-woof.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga/En-us-woof.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "wo͝of"
}
],
"word": "woof"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "woof one's cookies"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "interjection",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "humorous"
},
"expansion": "sense 2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "eat"
},
"expansion": "sense 1.2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wolf",
"t": "to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble"
},
"expansion": "wolf (“to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The interjection and noun are onomatopoeic. Interjection sense 2 (“used to express strong physical attraction for someone”) probably alludes to the eager barking of a dog.\nThe verb is probably derived from the interjection and the noun. Verb sense 1.2 (“to eat (food) voraciously”) may be influenced by or, alternatively, derived from wolf (“to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "woofs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "woofing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "woofed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "woofed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "woof (third-person singular simple present woofs, present participle woofing, simple past and past participle woofed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "African-American Vernacular English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To say (something) in an aggressive or boastful manner."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-verb-FfDad8wZ",
"links": [
[
"say",
"say#Verb"
],
[
"aggressive",
"aggressive#Adjective"
],
[
"boastful",
"boastful"
],
[
"manner",
"manner#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "African-American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(African-American Vernacular, figurative) To say (something) in an aggressive or boastful manner."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "75 1 0 1 23",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to say (something) in an aggressive or boastful manner",
"word": "karjua"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 1 0 1 23",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to say (something) in an aggressive or boastful manner",
"word": "lătra"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 13 3 3 3 6 2 1 6 6 15 1 9 10 1 2 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 4 12 17 30 5 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 5 2 2 2 2 2 11 14 3 5 2 3 13 13 10 2 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "en:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007 June 5, Patricia O’Grady, “Feeding a Homemade Diet”, in Woofing It Down: The Quick & Easy Guide to Making Healthy Dog Food at Home, Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, page 23",
"text": "[N]othing makes me feel better than to see my dog's woofing down their food.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Ian Horan, “The Return of Tom Fuller”, in Psychotic Episodes: Another Collection of Crazy Stories, [Morrisville, N.C.: Lulu.com], page 64",
"text": "The dog doesn't bark, it just stares at Tom. Tom pulls out the steaks. […] Tom throws them over and the dog woofs them down.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To eat (food) voraciously; to devour, to gobble, to wolf."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-verb-en:eat",
"links": [
[
"Royal Air Force",
"Royal Air Force"
],
[
"eat",
"eat#Verb"
],
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"voraciously",
"voraciously"
],
[
"devour",
"devour"
],
[
"gobble",
"gobble#Verb"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf#Verb"
]
],
"qualifier": "Royal Air Force slang",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(originally British, Royal Air Force slang, informal) To eat (food) voraciously; to devour, to gobble, to wolf."
],
"senseid": [
"en:eat"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 2 5 2 2 2 2 2 11 14 3 5 2 3 13 13 10 2 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "en:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1988, May Wynne Lamb, “Arrival in Akiak”, in Dorothy Wynne Zimmerman, editor, Life in Alaska: The Reminiscences of a Kansas Woman, 1916–1919, Lincoln, Neb.; London: University of Nebraska Press, page 48",
"text": "At the same time, Prince and Shep, who were a part of the household, whined and woofed a time or two, then rose from their rag mats to welcome me with dignity, quite unlike the savage malamutes that would have taken a pound of flesh and enjoyed it if their chains had snapped as I came up the lane.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 December, Ian Dunbar, “Lure-reward Training Secrets”, in Barking Up the Right Tree: The Science and Practice of Positive Dog Training, Novato, Calif.: New World Library, part 1 (The Nature of Dogs and Reward-based Training), page 87",
"text": "Dogs effectively train us to be a chef, waiter, commissionaire, promenade companion, masseur, chauffeur, porter/caddy (the paraphernalia we carry for dogs), and personal trainer (throw the ball, throw the Frisbee, throw the ball, throw the Frisbee …). […] The dog woofs, or rings a bell on a string, and we get up and open the door for them to go outside, and then to come back inside, to get in the car, to get out of the car, to go into buildings … It never stops.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a dog: to bark."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-verb-7w7kDpgv",
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog#Noun"
],
[
"bark",
"bark#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"Of a dog: to bark."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "bordar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "auh"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "haukahtaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "haukkua"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "aboyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gavgízo",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "γαβγίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "voffa"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "menyalak"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "abbaiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "latrare"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ū to unaru",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "ウーとうなる"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "láe",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "ла́е"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "menyalak"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "latir"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "lătra"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lájatʹ",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "ла́ять"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 11 53 25 5",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "bukkati",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "बुक्कति"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1963 November 8, Don Moser, “An Archer Stalks the Mighty Grizzly”, in Henry R[obinson] Luce, editor, Life, volume 55, number 19, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 115, column 1",
"text": "A few minutes later a new [grizzly] bear came out on the big log upstream— […] Within seconds she knew something was wrong. She woofed, bounded off the log and came raging down toward us through the timber. There, not far away, she smashed back and forth, woofing and growling.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1972, George B[eals] Schaller, “Behavior within the Group”, in The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations (Wildlife Behavior and Ecology Series), Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, published 1976, part II (The Lion), page 105",
"text": "An abrupt, loud wuu is occasionally emitted by a startled animal. For example, […] a cub woofed after a lioness slapped it suddenly at a kill. Once a monitor lizard lashed its tail at the face of a lioness and she woofed as she jumped back.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a person or thing: to make a sound resembling a dog's bark."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-verb-4qXwJpLa",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"resembling",
"resemble"
],
[
"bark",
"bark#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"Of a person or thing: to make a sound resembling a dog's bark."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 10 88 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a person or thing: to make a sound resembling a dog’s bark",
"word": "haukkua"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 10 88 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of a person or thing: to make a sound resembling a dog’s bark",
"word": "lătra"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "African-American Vernacular English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1935, Zora Neale Hurston, “‘John Henry’”, in Mules and Men, 1st Perennial Library edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row, published 1970, →OCLC, part I (Folk Tales), section III, page 89",
"text": "\"Miss, you know uh heap uh dese hard heads wants to woof at you but dey skeered.\" / \"How come, Mr. Pitts? Do I look like a bear or panther?\" / \"Naw, but dey say youse rich and dey ain't got de nerve to open dey mouf.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, “Woofing/Wolfing”, in Jessie Carney Smith, editor, Encyclopedia of African American Popular Culture, Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood Publishing Group, page 1537",
"text": "Woofing, sometimes called \"wolfing,\" is a communication strategy used to insult or threaten an opponent. […] Generally, woofing takes two forms. It can be an insult game or a demonstration of intimidation. […] Woofing builds esteem and identity, releases tension, and teaches self-control and verbal skill.\nA noun use.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To speak in an aggressive or boastful manner."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-verb-n739f~y9",
"links": [
[
"speak",
"speak#Verb"
]
],
"qualifier": "African-American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"(African-American Vernacular, figurative) To speak in an aggressive or boastful manner."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "22 1 0 1 75",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to speak in an aggressive or boastful manner",
"word": "karjua"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wuːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wuf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-woof.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-woof.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga/En-us-woof.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "wo͝of"
}
],
"word": "woof"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "WWOOF"
},
"expansion": "WWOOF",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "acronym"
},
"expansion": "acronym",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From WWOOF, an acronym of World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms which is a network of national organizations that facilitate homestays on organic farms.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "woof",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "work on an organic farm"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "en:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 February 20, Alyssa Therrien, “Washington-based coffee company using profits to send animals to sanctuaries”, in Daily Hive, Vancouver, B.C.: Buzz Connected Media, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-09-20",
"text": "Colton [Kuhn] woke up one day consumed by a post-breakup depression. It was then that he'd decided to sign up for the WOOF program, to travel the world and work on an organic farm in a unique destination.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Acronym of work on an organic farm."
],
"id": "en-woof-en-noun-1QuWnmJ3",
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"work",
"work#Noun"
],
[
"on",
"on#Preposition"
],
[
"organic",
"organic#Adjective"
],
[
"farm",
"farm#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(agriculture) Acronym of work on an organic farm."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"acronym",
"alt-of"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wuːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wuf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-woof.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-woof.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga/En-us-woof.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "wo͝of"
}
],
"word": "woof"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "WWOOF"
},
"expansion": "WWOOF",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "acronym"
},
"expansion": "acronym",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From WWOOF, an acronym of World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms which is a network of national organizations that facilitate homestays on organic farms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "woofs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "woofing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "woofed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "woofed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "woof (third-person singular simple present woofs, present participle woofing, simple past and past participle woofed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "wwoof"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "en:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008 September 1, “Your family holidays”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
"text": "Our two children are immediately involved in a frantic game of touch rugby orchestrated by Vinny, an Irish backpacker, who is WOOFing his way around New Zealand.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "[2009, David Graeber, “Some Notes on ‘Activist Culture’”, in Direct Action: An Ethnography, Oakland, Calif.: AK Press, page 251",
"text": "One might run off for a few months to work on an organic farm—a habit so common there's actually an acronym for it: to woof (Work on an Organic Farm).]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Elizabeth Hallock, The Women's Guide to the Coming Economic Disaster, page 53",
"text": "Membership is cheap, and they send you a book with listings of farms from Hawaii to New Zealand. Try woof'ing it for a few months;",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Daniel P. Reynolds, Postcards from Auschwitz",
"text": "To the list one could add \"medical tourism\" (travel to places for more readily available surgeries, treatments, and pharmaceuticals); volunteer tourism, or \"voluntourism\" (where people donate time and labor to in areas hit by hardship); and \"woofing\" (derived from World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms, a loose network that helps people travel to foreign countries to work on organic farms and perhaps learn another language).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022, Stefania Palmisano, Nicola Pannofino, Damanhur: An Esoteric Community Open to the World, page 189",
"text": "In fact, as with other types of stay, \"woofing in Damanhur can also be a way of getting closer to the Community: after woofing some have continued with the New Life experience and become citizens\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of wwoof"
],
"id": "en-woof-en-verb-GRK~Tvgd",
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"wwoof",
"wwoof#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, agriculture) Alternative form of wwoof"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wuːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wuf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-woof.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-woof.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga/En-us-woof.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "wo͝of"
}
],
"word": "woof"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English rare terms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *webʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːf",
"Rhymes:English/uːf/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʊf",
"Rhymes:English/ʊf/1 syllable",
"en:Animal sounds",
"en:Talking"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "warp and woof"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*webʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wof"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wof",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "oof"
},
"expansion": "oof",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "owf",
"t": "threads in a piece of woven fabric at right angles to the warp, weft, woof; also sometimes the warp; transverse filaments of a spider web"
},
"expansion": "owf (“threads in a piece of woven fabric at right angles to the warp, weft, woof; also sometimes the warp; transverse filaments of a spider web”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "of, ofe, offe",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "w"
},
"expansion": "w",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "warp"
},
"expansion": "warp",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "weft"
},
"expansion": "weft",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ōwef"
},
"expansion": "Old English ōwef",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "āwef"
},
"expansion": "āwef",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ō-"
},
"expansion": "ō-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ā-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’"
},
"expansion": "ā- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*wef",
"t": "web"
},
"expansion": "*wef (“web”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gewef",
"t": "woof"
},
"expansion": "gewef (“woof”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wefan",
"t": "to weave"
},
"expansion": "wefan (“to weave”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*weban",
"t": "to weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *weban (“to weave”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*webaną",
"t": "to weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *webaną (“to weave”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*webʰ-",
"t": "to braid; to weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid; to weave”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English wof, oof, owf (“threads in a piece of woven fabric at right angles to the warp, weft, woof; also sometimes the warp; transverse filaments of a spider web”) [and other forms] (the forms beginning with w were influenced by warp and weft), from Old English ōwef, āwef, from ō-, ā- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’) + *wef (“web”) (only attested in the form gewef (“woof”); from wefan (“to weave”), from Proto-West Germanic *weban (“to weave”), from Proto-Germanic *webaną (“to weave”), from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid; to weave”)).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "woofs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "woof (plural woofs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Weaving"
],
"glosses": [
"The set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp; the weft."
],
"links": [
[
"weaving",
"weaving#Noun"
],
[
"set",
"set#Noun"
],
[
"yarns",
"yarn#Noun"
],
[
"carried",
"carry"
],
[
"shuttle",
"shuttle#Noun"
],
[
"loom",
"loom#Noun"
],
[
"placed",
"place#Verb"
],
[
"crosswise",
"crosswise#Adverb"
],
[
"right angle",
"right angle"
],
[
"interlaced",
"interlace#Verb"
],
[
"warp",
"warp#Noun"
],
[
"weft",
"weft"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaving)",
"The set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp; the weft."
],
"senseid": [
"en:weaving"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles",
"weaving"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Weaving"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1757, John Dyer, “Book II”, in The Fleece: A Poem. […], London: […] R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 77, lines 600–602",
"text": "The purple ſtain on fleecy vvoofs he ſpread, / VVhich lur'd the eye, adorning many a nymph, / And drevv the pomp of trade to riſing Tyre.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A woven fabric; also, the texture of a fabric."
],
"links": [
[
"weaving",
"weaving#Noun"
],
[
"woven",
"woven#Adjective"
],
[
"fabric",
"fabric#Noun"
],
[
"texture",
"texture#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaving)",
"(by extension) A woven fabric; also, the texture of a fabric."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles",
"weaving"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English poetic terms",
"en:Weaving"
],
"glosses": [
"The thread or yarn used to form the weft of woven fabric; the fill, the weft."
],
"links": [
[
"weaving",
"weaving#Noun"
],
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"thread",
"thread#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"form",
"form#Verb"
],
[
"fill",
"fill#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaving)",
"(by extension, loosely, chiefly poetic) The thread or yarn used to form the weft of woven fabric; the fill, the weft."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"poetic"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles",
"weaving"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with rare senses",
"en:Weaving"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of weaving (“the process of making woven material on a loom”)"
],
"links": [
[
"weaving",
"weaving#Noun"
],
[
"weaving",
"weaving#English"
],
[
"process",
"process#Noun"
],
[
"making",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"material",
"material#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaving)",
"(obsolete, rare) Synonym of weaving (“the process of making woven material on a loom”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the process of making woven material on a loom",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "weaving"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles",
"weaving"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Something which is interwoven with another thing."
],
"links": [
[
"interwoven",
"interweave"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"Something which is interwoven with another thing."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1838, [Samuel Griswold Goodrich], “The Fireside”, in Fireside Education. […], New York, N.Y.: Samuel Colman, →OCLC, page 71",
"text": "The fireside, then, is a seminary of infinite importance; it is important because it is universal, and because the education it bestows, being woven in with the woof of childhood, gives form and color to the whole texture of social life. There are few who can receive the honors of a college, but all are graduates of the hearth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An underlying foundation or structure of something; a fabric."
],
"links": [
[
"underlying",
"underlying#Adjective"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
],
[
"structure",
"structure#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"An underlying foundation or structure of something; a fabric."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wuːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wuf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-woof.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-woof.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga/En-us-woof.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "wo͝of"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "liq"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lisë"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tʿezan",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "թեզան"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "utók",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "уто́к"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎ́tǎk",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "въ́тък"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trama"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "緯"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wěi",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "纬"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "緯紗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wěishā",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "纬纱"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inslag"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "kude"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "kude"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trame"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trame"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trama"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "tapume"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schussfaden"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "yfádi",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "υφάδι"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "pḗnē",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πήνη"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "krókē",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κρόκη"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "'érev",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "עֵרֶב"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "keresztfonal"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "vetülékfonal"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "wefto"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inneach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trama"
},
{
"alt": "よこいと",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yokoito",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "横糸"
},
{
"alt": "よこいと",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yokoito",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "緯"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssisil",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "씨실"
},
{
"alt": "緯絲",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "wisa",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "위사"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "po",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "پۆ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "subtēmen"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "játok",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ја́ток"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "pāvŭ",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "പാവ്"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "aho"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "innslag"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "islett"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "veft"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pud",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "پود"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wątek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trama"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bătătură"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "utók",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "уто́к"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "prota",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "प्रोत"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "по̏тка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pȍtka"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "útok"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "votek"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trama"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "väft"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sên dâai taang-kwǎang",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"word": "เส้นด้ายทางขวาง"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "utík",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "уті́к"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trama"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp — see also weft",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "anwe"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "woven fabric",
"word": "kudos"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "woven fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "țesătură"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "something which is interwoven with another thing",
"word": "kudos"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "something which is interwoven with another thing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "țesătură"
}
],
"word": "woof"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English rare terms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *webʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːf",
"Rhymes:English/uːf/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʊf",
"Rhymes:English/ʊf/1 syllable",
"en:Animal sounds",
"en:Talking"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*webʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wof"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wof",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "oof"
},
"expansion": "oof",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "owf",
"t": "threads in a piece of woven fabric at right angles to the warp, weft, woof; also sometimes the warp; transverse filaments of a spider web"
},
"expansion": "owf (“threads in a piece of woven fabric at right angles to the warp, weft, woof; also sometimes the warp; transverse filaments of a spider web”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "of, ofe, offe",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "w"
},
"expansion": "w",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "warp"
},
"expansion": "warp",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "weft"
},
"expansion": "weft",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ōwef"
},
"expansion": "Old English ōwef",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "āwef"
},
"expansion": "āwef",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ō-"
},
"expansion": "ō-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ā-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’"
},
"expansion": "ā- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*wef",
"t": "web"
},
"expansion": "*wef (“web”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gewef",
"t": "woof"
},
"expansion": "gewef (“woof”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wefan",
"t": "to weave"
},
"expansion": "wefan (“to weave”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*weban",
"t": "to weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *weban (“to weave”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*webaną",
"t": "to weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *webaną (“to weave”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*webʰ-",
"t": "to braid; to weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid; to weave”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English wof, oof, owf (“threads in a piece of woven fabric at right angles to the warp, weft, woof; also sometimes the warp; transverse filaments of a spider web”) [and other forms] (the forms beginning with w were influenced by warp and weft), from Old English ōwef, āwef, from ō-, ā- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’) + *wef (“web”) (only attested in the form gewef (“woof”); from wefan (“to weave”), from Proto-West Germanic *weban (“to weave”), from Proto-Germanic *webaną (“to weave”), from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid; to weave”)).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "woofs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "woofing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "woofed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "woofed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "woof (third-person singular simple present woofs, present participle woofing, simple past and past participle woofed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Weaving"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1894, Alice C[laire] MacDonell, “The Weaving of the Tartan”, in Elizabeth A[melia] Sharp, editor, Lyra Celtica: An Anthology of Representative Celtic Poetry […], Edinburgh: Patrick Geddes and Colleagues […], published 1896, →OCLC, page 252",
"text": "And warp well the long threads, / The bright threads, the strong threads; / Woof well the cross threads, / To make the colours shine.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1936–1938, W. W. Dixon, quoting Dan Smith, “Dan Smith: Ex-slave 75 Years [Project #1655]”, in Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves […], volume XIV (South Carolina Narratives), part 4, Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, published 1941, →OCLC, page 97",
"text": "After de yarn was spin, it was reeled off de spools into hanks and then took to de warper. Then she woofed it, warped it, and loomed it into cloth. Her make for yards in a day.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To place (yarns) crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp in a loom."
],
"links": [
[
"weaving",
"weaving#Noun"
],
[
"place",
"place#Verb"
],
[
"yarns",
"yarn#Noun"
],
[
"crosswise",
"crosswise#Adverb"
],
[
"right angle",
"right angle"
],
[
"interlaced",
"interlace#Verb"
],
[
"warp",
"warp#Noun"
],
[
"loom",
"loom#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaving) To place (yarns) crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp in a loom."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles",
"weaving"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1922 July, Mrs. Cecil Clementi [Marie Penelope Rose Eyres], “An Odyssey of Fourteen Rivers”, in Blackwood’s Magazine, American edition, volume CCXII, number MCCLXXXI, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publication Co., Barr Ferree, prop[rietor] […], →OCLC, page 6, column 2",
"text": "Here and there, where the land has not been cleared and the tide of dense swamp-forest closes upon the road, one gazes into the fearful tangle of vegetation, warped and woofed together by lianas and creeping plants of every description, and then realises what the work of clearing has been.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Jerome Frisk, “The Theoretical (Re)Positions of the New Western History”, in Forrest G[len] Robinson, editor, The New Western History: The Territory Ahead, Tucson, Ariz.: University of Arizona Press, published 1998, page 23",
"text": "Many would contest the view (which [Patricia Nelson] Limerick shares with [Gerald D.] Nash) that the '60s generation was forged by some common experience, and warped and woofed into a programmatic consensus of evaluative priorities and analytical strategies.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To interweave (something) with another thing; to weave (several things) together."
],
"links": [
[
"interweave",
"interweave"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"weave",
"weave#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To interweave (something) with another thing; to weave (several things) together."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wuːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wuf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-woof.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-woof.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga/En-us-woof.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "wo͝of"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to place (yarns) crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp in a loom",
"word": "asettaa kude"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to place (yarns) crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp in a loom",
"word": "urzi"
}
],
"word": "woof"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English onomatopoeias",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːf",
"Rhymes:English/uːf/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʊf",
"Rhymes:English/ʊf/1 syllable",
"en:Animal sounds",
"en:Talking"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "woof-woof"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "interjection",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "humorous"
},
"expansion": "sense 2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "eat"
},
"expansion": "sense 1.2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wolf",
"t": "to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble"
},
"expansion": "wolf (“to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The interjection and noun are onomatopoeic. Interjection sense 2 (“used to express strong physical attraction for someone”) probably alludes to the eager barking of a dog.\nThe verb is probably derived from the interjection and the noun. Verb sense 1.2 (“to eat (food) voraciously”) may be influenced by or, alternatively, derived from wolf (“to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "woof",
"name": "en-interj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1918, Boyd Cable [pseudonym], “Bring Home the ’Bus”, in Air Men o’ War, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 14",
"text": "\"Woof\" came another [anti-aircraft] shell, and then in quick succession another and another, the last one dead ahead and with such correct elevation that, a second later, the machine flashed through the streaming black smoke of the burst.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1933 March, E. Waldo Long, “Ricardo Draws the Line”, in Boys’ Life. The Boy Scouts’ Magazine, volume XXIII, number 3, New York, N.Y.: Boy Scouts of America, →OCLC, page 10, column 1",
"text": "[…] Ricardo [a collie] made the announcement in his usual manner—with suppressed exclamatory \"woofs\" that always sounded to Kimball like small explosions of canine emotion. And, also according to custom, Friday [a bear cub] promptly grew inexpressibly interested and excited. Those \"woof\" noises always were interpreted by him as warnings of the approach of something whose status as friend or foe had not yet been determined. […] Friday gave vent to a series of \"woofs\" in imitation of Ricardo […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1985 February, Michael Parfit, “Kodiak: ‘Twice as Good as Anybody!’”, in Connie Bourassa-Shaw, editor, Islands: An International Magazine, Santa Barbara, Calif.: Islands Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 47, column 2",
"text": "Startled bears often make a ‘whoosh’ or ‘woof’ sound as they turn to run. As long as bears run, don’t be alarmed. If, however, bears stand their ground and begin a series of woofs (like air forced out of a bellows), or pop their teeth together, or both, then this is your invitation to leave.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to indicate the sound of a dog barking, or something resembling it."
],
"links": [
[
"Used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"dog",
"dog#Noun"
],
[
"barking",
"bark#Verb"
],
[
"resembling",
"resemble#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English humorous terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Remmy Duchene, Love Me Harder, San Francisco, Calif.: Loose Id",
"text": "I see a hardworking man, with a smile that lights up a room—very sexy—woof!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to express strong physical attraction for someone."
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"express",
"express#Verb"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#Adjective"
],
[
"physical",
"physical#Adjective"
],
[
"attraction",
"attraction#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humorous) Used to express strong physical attraction for someone."
],
"senseid": [
"en:humorous"
],
"tags": [
"humorous"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wuːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wuf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-woof.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-woof.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga/En-us-woof.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "wo͝of"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to indicate the sound of a dog barking, or something resembling it",
"word": "hau"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to indicate the sound of a dog barking, or something resembling it",
"word": "vuh"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "av",
"sense": "used to indicate the sound of a dog barking, or something resembling it",
"word": "ав"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "used to indicate the sound of a dog barking, or something resembling it",
"word": "ham"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "used to indicate the sound of a dog barking, or something resembling it",
"word": "țah"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "used to express strong physical attraction for someone",
"word": "huh"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "used to express strong physical attraction for someone",
"word": "mâr"
}
],
"word": "woof"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English onomatopoeias",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːf",
"Rhymes:English/uːf/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʊf",
"Rhymes:English/ʊf/1 syllable",
"en:Animal sounds",
"en:Talking"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "arf"
},
{
"word": "borf"
},
{
"word": "bow wow"
},
{
"word": "growl"
},
{
"word": "howl"
},
{
"word": "snarl"
},
{
"word": "whimper"
},
{
"word": "whine"
},
{
"word": "yap"
},
{
"word": "yelp"
},
{
"word": "yip"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "subwoofer"
},
{
"word": "woofer"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "interjection",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "humorous"
},
"expansion": "sense 2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "eat"
},
"expansion": "sense 1.2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wolf",
"t": "to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble"
},
"expansion": "wolf (“to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The interjection and noun are onomatopoeic. Interjection sense 2 (“used to express strong physical attraction for someone”) probably alludes to the eager barking of a dog.\nThe verb is probably derived from the interjection and the noun. Verb sense 1.2 (“to eat (food) voraciously”) may be influenced by or, alternatively, derived from wolf (“to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "woofs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "woof (plural woofs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The sound a dog makes when barking; a bark."
],
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"dog",
"dog#Noun"
],
[
"makes",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"barking",
"bark#Verb"
],
[
"bark",
"bark#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Sound engineering"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1918, Boyd Cable [pseudonym], “Bring Home the ’Bus”, in Air Men o’ War, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 14",
"text": "He looked up and out a moment as there came to his ear, dully but unmistakably above the roar of the engine, the hoarse \"woof\" of a bursting anti-aircraft shell.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Fiona A. Reid, “Monkeys (Order Primates)”, in A Field Guide to the Mammals of Central America & Southeast Mexico, New York, N.Y.; Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, page 179, column 1",
"text": "Calls [of the mantled howler monkey] include woofs, grunts, barks, and howls. […] A series of loud, low barks or woofs precede the long roar.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sound resembling a dog's bark; specifically (sound engineering), a low-frequency sound of bad quality produced by a loudspeaker."
],
"links": [
[
"resembling",
"resemble"
],
[
"sound engineering",
"sound engineering"
],
[
"low",
"low"
],
[
"frequency",
"frequency"
],
[
"bad",
"bad#Adjective"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#Noun"
],
[
"produced",
"produce#Verb"
],
[
"loudspeaker",
"loudspeaker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A sound resembling a dog's bark; specifically (sound engineering), a low-frequency sound of bad quality produced by a loudspeaker."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wuːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wuf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-woof.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-woof.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga/En-us-woof.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "wo͝of"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "woef"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "haw haw",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "هَو هَو"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "bhou bhou",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "ভৌ ভৌ"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"english": "any dog",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "au-au"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"english": "small dog",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "txau-txau"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"english": "large dog",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "zaunk-zaunk"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "drezgav laj",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дрезгав лай"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "bof"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "bub"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "buf"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "wou¹ wou¹",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "㕵㕵"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wāngwāng",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "汪汪"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "haf"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "vov"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "vuf"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "waf"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "woef"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "boj"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "auh"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "voff"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "haukunta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "ouaf"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "oua-oua"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "boubou"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "wuff"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "rawau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "wau"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gav",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "γαβ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hau",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "הָאוּ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hav",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "הַב"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "vau"
},
{
"code": "iba",
"lang": "Iban",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "kaung-kaung"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "voff"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "guk guk"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "bau bau"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "wan",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "ワン"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "veeh",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "វ៉េសវ៉ូស"
},
{
"code": "km",
"english": "large dog",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "hɔɔ",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "ហ៊"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "meongmeong",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "멍멍"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "av-av",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "ав-ав"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "gonggong"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "kung-kung"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xav xav",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "хав хав"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "voff"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "vov"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "hau"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
],
"word": "ão-ão"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "au-au"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "ham-ham"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "ham"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "țah"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gav-gav",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "гав-гав"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "af"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "av"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guau"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "vov"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "voff"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "hôong",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "โฮ่ง"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "โฮ่ง ๆ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "hóong",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "โฮ้ง"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "โฮ้ง ๆ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "hav"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "sound a dog makes when barking — see also bark",
"word": "gâu gâu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sound resembling a dog’s bark; low-frequency sound of bad quality produced by a loudspeaker",
"word": "haukunta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sound resembling a dog’s bark; low-frequency sound of bad quality produced by a loudspeaker",
"word": "karjunta"
}
],
"word": "woof"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English onomatopoeias",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːf",
"Rhymes:English/uːf/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʊf",
"Rhymes:English/ʊf/1 syllable",
"en:Animal sounds",
"en:Talking"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "woof one's cookies"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "interjection",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "humorous"
},
"expansion": "sense 2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "eat"
},
"expansion": "sense 1.2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wolf",
"t": "to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble"
},
"expansion": "wolf (“to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The interjection and noun are onomatopoeic. Interjection sense 2 (“used to express strong physical attraction for someone”) probably alludes to the eager barking of a dog.\nThe verb is probably derived from the interjection and the noun. Verb sense 1.2 (“to eat (food) voraciously”) may be influenced by or, alternatively, derived from wolf (“to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "woofs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "woofing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "woofed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "woofed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "woof (third-person singular simple present woofs, present participle woofing, simple past and past participle woofed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"African-American Vernacular English",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To say (something) in an aggressive or boastful manner."
],
"links": [
[
"say",
"say#Verb"
],
[
"aggressive",
"aggressive#Adjective"
],
[
"boastful",
"boastful"
],
[
"manner",
"manner#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "African-American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(African-American Vernacular, figurative) To say (something) in an aggressive or boastful manner."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English informal terms",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007 June 5, Patricia O’Grady, “Feeding a Homemade Diet”, in Woofing It Down: The Quick & Easy Guide to Making Healthy Dog Food at Home, Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, page 23",
"text": "[N]othing makes me feel better than to see my dog's woofing down their food.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Ian Horan, “The Return of Tom Fuller”, in Psychotic Episodes: Another Collection of Crazy Stories, [Morrisville, N.C.: Lulu.com], page 64",
"text": "The dog doesn't bark, it just stares at Tom. Tom pulls out the steaks. […] Tom throws them over and the dog woofs them down.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To eat (food) voraciously; to devour, to gobble, to wolf."
],
"links": [
[
"Royal Air Force",
"Royal Air Force"
],
[
"eat",
"eat#Verb"
],
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"voraciously",
"voraciously"
],
[
"devour",
"devour"
],
[
"gobble",
"gobble#Verb"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf#Verb"
]
],
"qualifier": "Royal Air Force slang",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(originally British, Royal Air Force slang, informal) To eat (food) voraciously; to devour, to gobble, to wolf."
],
"senseid": [
"en:eat"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1988, May Wynne Lamb, “Arrival in Akiak”, in Dorothy Wynne Zimmerman, editor, Life in Alaska: The Reminiscences of a Kansas Woman, 1916–1919, Lincoln, Neb.; London: University of Nebraska Press, page 48",
"text": "At the same time, Prince and Shep, who were a part of the household, whined and woofed a time or two, then rose from their rag mats to welcome me with dignity, quite unlike the savage malamutes that would have taken a pound of flesh and enjoyed it if their chains had snapped as I came up the lane.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 December, Ian Dunbar, “Lure-reward Training Secrets”, in Barking Up the Right Tree: The Science and Practice of Positive Dog Training, Novato, Calif.: New World Library, part 1 (The Nature of Dogs and Reward-based Training), page 87",
"text": "Dogs effectively train us to be a chef, waiter, commissionaire, promenade companion, masseur, chauffeur, porter/caddy (the paraphernalia we carry for dogs), and personal trainer (throw the ball, throw the Frisbee, throw the ball, throw the Frisbee …). […] The dog woofs, or rings a bell on a string, and we get up and open the door for them to go outside, and then to come back inside, to get in the car, to get out of the car, to go into buildings … It never stops.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a dog: to bark."
],
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog#Noun"
],
[
"bark",
"bark#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"Of a dog: to bark."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1963 November 8, Don Moser, “An Archer Stalks the Mighty Grizzly”, in Henry R[obinson] Luce, editor, Life, volume 55, number 19, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 115, column 1",
"text": "A few minutes later a new [grizzly] bear came out on the big log upstream— […] Within seconds she knew something was wrong. She woofed, bounded off the log and came raging down toward us through the timber. There, not far away, she smashed back and forth, woofing and growling.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1972, George B[eals] Schaller, “Behavior within the Group”, in The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator–Prey Relations (Wildlife Behavior and Ecology Series), Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, published 1976, part II (The Lion), page 105",
"text": "An abrupt, loud wuu is occasionally emitted by a startled animal. For example, […] a cub woofed after a lioness slapped it suddenly at a kill. Once a monitor lizard lashed its tail at the face of a lioness and she woofed as she jumped back.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a person or thing: to make a sound resembling a dog's bark."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"resembling",
"resemble"
],
[
"bark",
"bark#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"Of a person or thing: to make a sound resembling a dog's bark."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"African-American Vernacular English",
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1935, Zora Neale Hurston, “‘John Henry’”, in Mules and Men, 1st Perennial Library edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row, published 1970, →OCLC, part I (Folk Tales), section III, page 89",
"text": "\"Miss, you know uh heap uh dese hard heads wants to woof at you but dey skeered.\" / \"How come, Mr. Pitts? Do I look like a bear or panther?\" / \"Naw, but dey say youse rich and dey ain't got de nerve to open dey mouf.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, “Woofing/Wolfing”, in Jessie Carney Smith, editor, Encyclopedia of African American Popular Culture, Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood Publishing Group, page 1537",
"text": "Woofing, sometimes called \"wolfing,\" is a communication strategy used to insult or threaten an opponent. […] Generally, woofing takes two forms. It can be an insult game or a demonstration of intimidation. […] Woofing builds esteem and identity, releases tension, and teaches self-control and verbal skill.\nA noun use.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To speak in an aggressive or boastful manner."
],
"links": [
[
"speak",
"speak#Verb"
]
],
"qualifier": "African-American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive)",
"(African-American Vernacular, figurative) To speak in an aggressive or boastful manner."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wuːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wuf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-woof.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-woof.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga/En-us-woof.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "wo͝of"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to say (something) in an aggressive or boastful manner",
"word": "karjua"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to say (something) in an aggressive or boastful manner",
"word": "lătra"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "bordar"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "auh"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "haukahtaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "haukkua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "aboyer"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gavgízo",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "γαβγίζω"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "voffa"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "menyalak"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "abbaiare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "latrare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ū to unaru",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "ウーとうなる"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "láe",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "ла́е"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "menyalak"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "latir"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "lătra"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lájatʹ",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "ла́ять"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "bukkati",
"sense": "of a dog: to bark — see also bark",
"word": "बुक्कति"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a person or thing: to make a sound resembling a dog’s bark",
"word": "haukkua"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of a person or thing: to make a sound resembling a dog’s bark",
"word": "lătra"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to speak in an aggressive or boastful manner",
"word": "karjua"
}
],
"word": "woof"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːf",
"Rhymes:English/uːf/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʊf",
"Rhymes:English/ʊf/1 syllable",
"en:Animal sounds",
"en:Talking"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "WWOOF"
},
"expansion": "WWOOF",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "acronym"
},
"expansion": "acronym",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From WWOOF, an acronym of World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms which is a network of national organizations that facilitate homestays on organic farms.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "woof",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "work on an organic farm"
}
],
"categories": [
"English acronyms",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Agriculture"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 February 20, Alyssa Therrien, “Washington-based coffee company using profits to send animals to sanctuaries”, in Daily Hive, Vancouver, B.C.: Buzz Connected Media, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-09-20",
"text": "Colton [Kuhn] woke up one day consumed by a post-breakup depression. It was then that he'd decided to sign up for the WOOF program, to travel the world and work on an organic farm in a unique destination.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Acronym of work on an organic farm."
],
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"work",
"work#Noun"
],
[
"on",
"on#Preposition"
],
[
"organic",
"organic#Adjective"
],
[
"farm",
"farm#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(agriculture) Acronym of work on an organic farm."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"acronym",
"alt-of"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wuːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wuf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-woof.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-woof.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga/En-us-woof.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "wo͝of"
}
],
"word": "woof"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːf",
"Rhymes:English/uːf/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʊf",
"Rhymes:English/ʊf/1 syllable",
"en:Animal sounds",
"en:Talking"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "WWOOF"
},
"expansion": "WWOOF",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "acronym"
},
"expansion": "acronym",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From WWOOF, an acronym of World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms which is a network of national organizations that facilitate homestays on organic farms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "woofs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "woofing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "woofed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "woofed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "woof (third-person singular simple present woofs, present participle woofing, simple past and past participle woofed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "wwoof"
}
],
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Agriculture"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008 September 1, “Your family holidays”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
"text": "Our two children are immediately involved in a frantic game of touch rugby orchestrated by Vinny, an Irish backpacker, who is WOOFing his way around New Zealand.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "[2009, David Graeber, “Some Notes on ‘Activist Culture’”, in Direct Action: An Ethnography, Oakland, Calif.: AK Press, page 251",
"text": "One might run off for a few months to work on an organic farm—a habit so common there's actually an acronym for it: to woof (Work on an Organic Farm).]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Elizabeth Hallock, The Women's Guide to the Coming Economic Disaster, page 53",
"text": "Membership is cheap, and they send you a book with listings of farms from Hawaii to New Zealand. Try woof'ing it for a few months;",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Daniel P. Reynolds, Postcards from Auschwitz",
"text": "To the list one could add \"medical tourism\" (travel to places for more readily available surgeries, treatments, and pharmaceuticals); volunteer tourism, or \"voluntourism\" (where people donate time and labor to in areas hit by hardship); and \"woofing\" (derived from World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms, a loose network that helps people travel to foreign countries to work on organic farms and perhaps learn another language).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022, Stefania Palmisano, Nicola Pannofino, Damanhur: An Esoteric Community Open to the World, page 189",
"text": "In fact, as with other types of stay, \"woofing in Damanhur can also be a way of getting closer to the Community: after woofing some have continued with the New Life experience and become citizens\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of wwoof"
],
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"wwoof",
"wwoof#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, agriculture) Alternative form of wwoof"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wuːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wuf/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-woof.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-woof.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-woof.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga/En-us-woof.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En-us-woof.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "wo͝of"
}
],
"word": "woof"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.