See growl in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for growl meaning in English (38.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "death growlgrowlfundergrowl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "groulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English groulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grollen"
},
"expansion": "grollen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gurlen",
"3": "",
"4": "of the bowels: to growl, rumble"
},
"expansion": "gurlen (“of the bowels: to growl, rumble”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "groler"
},
"expansion": "Old French groler",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "croler",
"3": "",
"4": "to be agitated, shake"
},
"expansion": "croler (“to be agitated, shake”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "grouler"
},
"expansion": "grouler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "grouller",
"3": "",
"4": "to growl, grumble"
},
"expansion": "grouller (“to growl, grumble”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*grullen"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *grullen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*gruljan"
},
"expansion": "*gruljan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gryllan"
},
"expansion": "Old English gryllan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gruljaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gruljaną (“to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "grollen",
"3": "",
"4": "to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch grollen (“to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grollen",
"3": "",
"4": "to grumble"
},
"expansion": "Dutch grollen (“to grumble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grollen",
"3": "",
"4": "to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will"
},
"expansion": "German grollen (“to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grillan"
},
"expansion": "Old English grillan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "griellan",
"3": "",
"4": "to provoke, offend; to gnash the teeth"
},
"expansion": "griellan (“to provoke, offend; to gnash the teeth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grill"
},
"expansion": "grill",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English groulen, grollen, gurlen (“of the bowels: to growl, rumble”), either possibly from Old French groler (variant of croler (“to be agitated, shake”)), grouler, grouller (“to growl, grumble”), from Frankish *grullen, *gruljan or from Old English gryllan, both from Proto-Germanic *gruljaną (“to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke”), probably ultimately imitative. The word is cognate with Middle Dutch grollen (“to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry”) (modern Dutch grollen (“to grumble”)), German grollen (“to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will”), Old English grillan, griellan (“to provoke, offend; to gnash the teeth”). Compare grill.\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "growls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "growl (plural growls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grr"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1857 June, S. H. L., “Growl”, in E. F. Blake et al., editors, The Yale Literary Magazine: […], volume XXII, number VII, New Haven, Conn.: Published by Thomas H. Pease; printed by T. J. Stafford, →OCLC, page 287",
"text": "Hardly anything is more intensely disagreeable to one walking along the street, than to hear near his path a low savage growl—the expression of a surly dog's opinion and purpose.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 282",
"text": "A deep growl was the answer I received, and the bear, for such it was, walked quickly away in the same direction whence he had come.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A deep, rumbling, threatening sound made in the throat by an animal."
],
"id": "en-growl-en-noun-pZyfsB2A",
"links": [
[
"deep",
"deep#Adjective"
],
[
"rumbling",
"rumbling#Adjective"
],
[
"threatening",
"threatening#Adjective"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"throat",
"throat"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "zamjara",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "زَمْجَرَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rǎmžene",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ръмжене"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "csm",
"lang": "Central Sierra Miwok",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "načá·k-"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vrčení"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grom"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "(het) gegrom"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "urin"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "urr"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "murina"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "mörinä"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feulement"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grognement"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bruído"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brúo"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "urro"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruxido"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Knurren"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mougkrízo",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μουγκρίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "morgás"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "glam"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drantán"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ringhio"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rženje",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "ржење"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "ngengere"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "knurre"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "warczenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "warknięcie"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rosnado"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ryk",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рык"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ryčánije",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "рыча́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dranndan"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "режање"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "režanje"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rugido"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "hırlama"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 6 17 10 22 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "hırlamak"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A similar sound made by a human."
],
"id": "en-growl-en-noun-5EGcI5AP",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A similar sound made by a human."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Rique Johnson, chapter 2, in Whispers from a Troubled Heart, Largo, Md.: Strebor Books, page 21",
"text": "Riding down the main thoroughfare, the growl of his stomach taints the soothing jazz playing on the radio.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The rumbling sound made by a human's hungry stomach."
],
"id": "en-growl-en-noun-c7NcNZo9",
"links": [
[
"hungry",
"hungry"
],
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) The rumbling sound made by a human's hungry stomach."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qarqara",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "قَرْقَرَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kǎrkorene",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "къркорене"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kručení"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"word": "rammelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"word": "korin"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"word": "kurina"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "borborygme"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gargouillement"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Magenknurren"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"word": "korgás"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brontolio"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gūgū",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"word": "グーグー"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"word": "rumle"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "burczenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ronco"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "určánije",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "урча́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "крчање"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "krčanje"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rugido"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 25 41 4 8 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"word": "guruldamak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1864 July, Robert M. Anderson, “Over the Plains”, in The Dollar Monthly Magazine, volume XX, number 1 (number 115 overall), Boston, Mass.: Office American Union, Flag of Our Union, and Novelette […], →OCLC, page 44, column 1",
"text": "The Welsh farmer, strong, broad-shouldered and blue-eyed, acknowledged Willie's presence by an unintelligible ejaculation which sounded very much like a growl, and with not very cheerful hospitality pushed a chair towards him. […] [T]he farmer swallowed his broth in huge spoonfuls, alternating with growls, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Billy Idol, “Sucking in the ’70s”, in Dancing with Myself, New York, N.Y.: Touchstone, Simon & Schuster, part I (London), page 44",
"text": "One of the shows we saw was Captain Beefheart at the Finsbury Park Astoria, now the Rainbow Theatre. It was one of my all-time favorite shows, the Captain an outrageous character who defied all bounds of middle-class taste with his Delta-blues growl and made-up language.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An aggressive grumbling."
],
"id": "en-growl-en-noun-8Ri0gsGd",
"links": [
[
"aggressive",
"aggressive"
],
[
"grumbling",
"grumbling#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) An aggressive grumbling."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 4 5 78 7 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "aggressive grumbling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guinco"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 5 78 7 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "aggressive grumbling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "greñido"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 5 78 7 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "aggressive grumbling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gafo"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 5 78 7 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "aggressive grumbling",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "režanje"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Jazz",
"orig": "en:Jazz",
"parents": [
"Musical genres",
"Genres",
"Music",
"Entertainment",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Stephen Feinstein, quoting John Chilton, “Duke Ellington”, in Incredible African-American Jazz Musicians, Berkeley Heights, N.J.: Enslow Publishers, page 28",
"text": "The growl effect comes from fitting a small straight mute—a cornet mute for trumpet and a trumpet mute for trombone—covering the instrument's bell with a rubber plunger, the kind used by plumbers, and moving it in and out to affect the tone.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Bill Dobbins, “Duke Ellington and the World of Jazz Piano”, in Edward Green, Evan Spring, editors, The Cambridge Companion to Duke Ellington (African-American Collective Biographies), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 197",
"text": "Just as [Duke] Ellington the composer was not the originator of the growls, moans, and other expressive devices that jazz musicians developed from European instruments, neither was he the particular techniques he used at the piano. It was the wealth of possibilities he uncovered for combining, simplifying, expanding, or even distorting the common jazz piano vocabulary of the day that put Ellington in a class by himself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A low-pitched rumbling sound produced with a wind instrument."
],
"id": "en-growl-en-noun-SBADHKhY",
"links": [
[
"jazz",
"jazz#Noun"
],
[
"low-pitched",
"low-pitched"
],
[
"produced",
"produce#Verb"
],
[
"wind instrument",
"wind instrument"
]
],
"qualifier": "jazz",
"raw_glosses": [
"(jazz, by extension) A low-pitched rumbling sound produced with a wind instrument."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 2 5 3 72 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "low-pitched rumbling sound produced with a wind instrument",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grincement"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 2 2 14 27 1 13 6 1 17 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 3 3 15 25 1 14 6 1 16 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 3 3 10 35 1 9 6 1 11 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Death growl"
],
"id": "en-growl-en-noun-a~3MQJJo",
"links": [
[
"Death growl",
"death growl"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Death growl"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-growl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/En-us-growl.ogg/En-us-growl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/En-us-growl.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-growl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-au-growl.ogg/En-au-growl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-au-growl.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
},
{
"enpr": "groul"
}
],
"word": "growl"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "growler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Growlery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "growlery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "growlin'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "growling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "growlingly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "growlsome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "growly"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "groulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English groulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grollen"
},
"expansion": "grollen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gurlen",
"3": "",
"4": "of the bowels: to growl, rumble"
},
"expansion": "gurlen (“of the bowels: to growl, rumble”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "groler"
},
"expansion": "Old French groler",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "croler",
"3": "",
"4": "to be agitated, shake"
},
"expansion": "croler (“to be agitated, shake”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "grouler"
},
"expansion": "grouler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "grouller",
"3": "",
"4": "to growl, grumble"
},
"expansion": "grouller (“to growl, grumble”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*grullen"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *grullen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*gruljan"
},
"expansion": "*gruljan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gryllan"
},
"expansion": "Old English gryllan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gruljaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gruljaną (“to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "grollen",
"3": "",
"4": "to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch grollen (“to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grollen",
"3": "",
"4": "to grumble"
},
"expansion": "Dutch grollen (“to grumble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grollen",
"3": "",
"4": "to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will"
},
"expansion": "German grollen (“to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grillan"
},
"expansion": "Old English grillan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "griellan",
"3": "",
"4": "to provoke, offend; to gnash the teeth"
},
"expansion": "griellan (“to provoke, offend; to gnash the teeth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grill"
},
"expansion": "grill",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English groulen, grollen, gurlen (“of the bowels: to growl, rumble”), either possibly from Old French groler (variant of croler (“to be agitated, shake”)), grouler, grouller (“to growl, grumble”), from Frankish *grullen, *gruljan or from Old English gryllan, both from Proto-Germanic *gruljaną (“to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke”), probably ultimately imitative. The word is cognate with Middle Dutch grollen (“to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry”) (modern Dutch grollen (“to grumble”)), German grollen (“to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will”), Old English grillan, griellan (“to provoke, offend; to gnash the teeth”). Compare grill.\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "growls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "growling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "growled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "growled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "growl (third-person singular simple present growls, present participle growling, simple past and past participle growled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 7 9 8 11 10 14 10 5 1 10 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "en:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The dog growled at me as I walked past.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1806, [Isaac] Watts, B. Jacobs [i.e., Benjamin Jacob], “Let Dogs Delight to Bark and Bite. Song 16.”, in Dr. Watts’ Divine & Moral Songs […], London: Printed for & sold by the author, […], →OCLC, page 18",
"text": "Let bears and lions growl and fight, / Let bears and lions growl and fight, / For 'tis their nature too, / For 'tis their nature too.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1841, “Fydget Fyxington”, in Charles Dickens, editor, The Pic Nic Papers. […] (Collection of Ancient and Modern British Authors; CCCXXX), Paris: Baudry’s European Library, […]; and Stassin et Xavier, […], →OCLC, page 225",
"text": "\"All's for the worst\" is a very common motto, and under its influence there are thousands who growl when they go to bed, and growl still louder when they get up; who growl at their breakfast, who growl at their dinner, who growl at their supper, and who growl between meals. Discontent is written in every feature of their visage; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1868 April 25, The Spectator: A Weekly Review of Politics, Literature, Theology, and Art, volume 41, number 2078, London: John Campbell, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 482, column 2",
"text": "Lord Derby growled,—growling especially at Mr. [William Ewart] Gladstone,—and the Archbishop of Canterbury growled, and the Bishop of Oxford growled, and the Marquis of Bath (a good Conservative) growled, but he (the Marquis) growled at the Government rather than at the Bill.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Ted Sanders, “April”, in The Harp and the Ravenvine (The Keepers; 2), New York, N.Y.: Harper",
"text": "April woke in darkness to the sound of Baron growling. Not that she could hear the dog, exactly. He was far out in the backyard at the edge of the woods. […] April waited for the dog to settle down. Instead, his growling grew deeper.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To utter a deep guttural sound, as an angry animal; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound."
],
"id": "en-growl-en-verb-kl0vvplK",
"links": [
[
"utter",
"utter#Verb"
],
[
"deep",
"deep#Adjective"
],
[
"guttural",
"guttural"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"angry",
"angry"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"give forth",
"give forth"
],
[
"grumbling",
"grumbling#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To utter a deep guttural sound, as an angry animal; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gnar"
},
{
"word": "gnarl"
},
{
"word": "gurl"
},
{
"word": "snarl"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "zamjara",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "زَمْجَرَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rǎmža",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "ръмжа"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "háojiào",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "嗥叫"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "páoxiào",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "咆哮"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hǒu",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "吼"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ái",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "嘊"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ái",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "啀"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "grommen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "graŭli"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "murista"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of a person",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "bougonner"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of a tiger",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "feuler"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of a person or a bear",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "grogner"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of a person",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "grommeler"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of a bear",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "gronder"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of a person",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "ronchonner"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "rosmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "roñar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "knurren"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "morog"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "ringhiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"alt": "うなる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "unaru",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "唸る"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eureureonggeorida",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "으르렁거리다"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "ganniō"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rži",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "ржи"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of a dog",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "ngengere"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "ghąą ní"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "ronner"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "guru'uu"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "warczeć"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "rosnar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "phiñakuy"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ryčátʹ",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "рыча́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "dèan dranndan"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "режати"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "režati"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "gruñir"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "morra"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "harčáty",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гарча́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 9 1 1 8 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ryčáty",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "рича́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Jazz",
"orig": "en:Jazz",
"parents": [
"Musical genres",
"Genres",
"Music",
"Entertainment",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, Jackie Kay, “Music”, in Trumpet, London: Picador; 1st Vintage Contemporaries edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, 2000",
"text": "And he is bending in the wind, scooping pitch, growling. […] He plays his false fingers. Chokes the trumpet. He is naked. This is naked jazz. O-bop-she-bam. Never lying. Telling it like it is.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Henry Martin, Keith Waters, quoting Duke Ellington, “1920s Jazz in New York and Europe”, in Jazz: The First 100 Years, 3rd enhanced edition, Boston, Mass.: Cengage Learning, page 121",
"text": "James \"Bubber\" Miley \"used to growl all night long, playing gutbucket on his horn. That was when we decided to forget all about the sweet music.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a wind instrument: to produce a low-pitched rumbling sound."
],
"id": "en-growl-en-verb-VMG8c7k3",
"links": [
[
"jazz",
"jazz#Noun"
],
[
"wind instrument",
"wind instrument"
],
[
"produce",
"produce#Verb"
],
[
"low-pitched",
"low-pitched"
]
],
"qualifier": "jazz",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, jazz) Of a wind instrument: to produce a low-pitched rumbling sound."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Software",
"orig": "en:Software",
"parents": [
"Computing",
"Media",
"Technology",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To send a user a message via the Growl software library."
],
"id": "en-growl-en-verb-vFZ8u5Zx",
"links": [
[
"software",
"software"
],
[
"send",
"send"
],
[
"user",
"user"
],
[
"message",
"message#Noun"
],
[
"library",
"library"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, software) To send a user a message via the Growl software library."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences",
"software"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The old man growled his displeasure at the postman.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1853, Marca, “The Leads of St. Mark”, in The British Journal: A Home, Colonial, and General Magazine, volume III, London: John Mortimer, publisher, […], →OCLC, page 345",
"text": "Bastane, as he entered, growled an invective, while he sullenly expressed his discontent at an unexpected call and additional labour.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To express (something) by growling."
],
"id": "en-growl-en-verb-rT~zpZjf",
"links": [
[
"express",
"express#Verb"
],
[
"growling",
"growling#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To express (something) by growling."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"note": "a somewhat neutral form",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "grommen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"note": "an angry form",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "grauwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "murista"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "grogner"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "roñar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "rosmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "ringhiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "rosnar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vorčátʹ",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "ворча́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "burčátʹ",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "бурча́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 1 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "dèan dranndan"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "режати"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "režati"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "gruñir"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Jazz",
"orig": "en:Jazz",
"parents": [
"Musical genres",
"Genres",
"Music",
"Entertainment",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Gerald Majer, “Proxima Ra”, in The Velvet Lounge: On Late Chicago Jazz, New York, N.Y., Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, page 37",
"text": "[…] John Gilmore would take up his tenor and growl a keening march, Danny Thompson stab and worry with a flute, Sun Ra leave his big conga and mount the temple of keyboards for a ritual parenthesis of chromatic zig-zags and electro-howls.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To play a wind instrument in a way that produces a low-pitched rumbling sound."
],
"id": "en-growl-en-verb-kHsAUMV2",
"links": [
[
"jazz",
"jazz#Noun"
],
[
"play",
"play#Verb"
]
],
"qualifier": "jazz",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, jazz) To play a wind instrument in a way that produces a low-pitched rumbling sound."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To perform death growl vocals."
],
"id": "en-growl-en-verb-sdQEId6b",
"links": [
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"death growl",
"death growl"
],
[
"vocals",
"vocals"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To perform death growl vocals."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 7 2 1 9 80",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to perform death growl vocals",
"word": "growla"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-growl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/En-us-growl.ogg/En-us-growl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/En-us-growl.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-growl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-au-growl.ogg/En-au-growl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-au-growl.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
},
{
"enpr": "groul"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "groil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "groul"
}
],
"word": "growl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English reporting verbs",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl/1 syllable",
"en:Animal sounds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "death growlgrowlfundergrowl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "groulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English groulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grollen"
},
"expansion": "grollen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gurlen",
"3": "",
"4": "of the bowels: to growl, rumble"
},
"expansion": "gurlen (“of the bowels: to growl, rumble”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "groler"
},
"expansion": "Old French groler",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "croler",
"3": "",
"4": "to be agitated, shake"
},
"expansion": "croler (“to be agitated, shake”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "grouler"
},
"expansion": "grouler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "grouller",
"3": "",
"4": "to growl, grumble"
},
"expansion": "grouller (“to growl, grumble”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*grullen"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *grullen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*gruljan"
},
"expansion": "*gruljan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gryllan"
},
"expansion": "Old English gryllan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gruljaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gruljaną (“to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "grollen",
"3": "",
"4": "to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch grollen (“to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grollen",
"3": "",
"4": "to grumble"
},
"expansion": "Dutch grollen (“to grumble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grollen",
"3": "",
"4": "to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will"
},
"expansion": "German grollen (“to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grillan"
},
"expansion": "Old English grillan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "griellan",
"3": "",
"4": "to provoke, offend; to gnash the teeth"
},
"expansion": "griellan (“to provoke, offend; to gnash the teeth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grill"
},
"expansion": "grill",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English groulen, grollen, gurlen (“of the bowels: to growl, rumble”), either possibly from Old French groler (variant of croler (“to be agitated, shake”)), grouler, grouller (“to growl, grumble”), from Frankish *grullen, *gruljan or from Old English gryllan, both from Proto-Germanic *gruljaną (“to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke”), probably ultimately imitative. The word is cognate with Middle Dutch grollen (“to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry”) (modern Dutch grollen (“to grumble”)), German grollen (“to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will”), Old English grillan, griellan (“to provoke, offend; to gnash the teeth”). Compare grill.\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "growls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "growl (plural growls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "grr"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1857 June, S. H. L., “Growl”, in E. F. Blake et al., editors, The Yale Literary Magazine: […], volume XXII, number VII, New Haven, Conn.: Published by Thomas H. Pease; printed by T. J. Stafford, →OCLC, page 287",
"text": "Hardly anything is more intensely disagreeable to one walking along the street, than to hear near his path a low savage growl—the expression of a surly dog's opinion and purpose.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 282",
"text": "A deep growl was the answer I received, and the bear, for such it was, walked quickly away in the same direction whence he had come.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A deep, rumbling, threatening sound made in the throat by an animal."
],
"links": [
[
"deep",
"deep#Adjective"
],
[
"rumbling",
"rumbling#Adjective"
],
[
"threatening",
"threatening#Adjective"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"throat",
"throat"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A similar sound made by a human."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A similar sound made by a human."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Rique Johnson, chapter 2, in Whispers from a Troubled Heart, Largo, Md.: Strebor Books, page 21",
"text": "Riding down the main thoroughfare, the growl of his stomach taints the soothing jazz playing on the radio.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The rumbling sound made by a human's hungry stomach."
],
"links": [
[
"hungry",
"hungry"
],
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) The rumbling sound made by a human's hungry stomach."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1864 July, Robert M. Anderson, “Over the Plains”, in The Dollar Monthly Magazine, volume XX, number 1 (number 115 overall), Boston, Mass.: Office American Union, Flag of Our Union, and Novelette […], →OCLC, page 44, column 1",
"text": "The Welsh farmer, strong, broad-shouldered and blue-eyed, acknowledged Willie's presence by an unintelligible ejaculation which sounded very much like a growl, and with not very cheerful hospitality pushed a chair towards him. […] [T]he farmer swallowed his broth in huge spoonfuls, alternating with growls, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Billy Idol, “Sucking in the ’70s”, in Dancing with Myself, New York, N.Y.: Touchstone, Simon & Schuster, part I (London), page 44",
"text": "One of the shows we saw was Captain Beefheart at the Finsbury Park Astoria, now the Rainbow Theatre. It was one of my all-time favorite shows, the Captain an outrageous character who defied all bounds of middle-class taste with his Delta-blues growl and made-up language.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An aggressive grumbling."
],
"links": [
[
"aggressive",
"aggressive"
],
[
"grumbling",
"grumbling#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) An aggressive grumbling."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Jazz"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Stephen Feinstein, quoting John Chilton, “Duke Ellington”, in Incredible African-American Jazz Musicians, Berkeley Heights, N.J.: Enslow Publishers, page 28",
"text": "The growl effect comes from fitting a small straight mute—a cornet mute for trumpet and a trumpet mute for trombone—covering the instrument's bell with a rubber plunger, the kind used by plumbers, and moving it in and out to affect the tone.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Bill Dobbins, “Duke Ellington and the World of Jazz Piano”, in Edward Green, Evan Spring, editors, The Cambridge Companion to Duke Ellington (African-American Collective Biographies), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 197",
"text": "Just as [Duke] Ellington the composer was not the originator of the growls, moans, and other expressive devices that jazz musicians developed from European instruments, neither was he the particular techniques he used at the piano. It was the wealth of possibilities he uncovered for combining, simplifying, expanding, or even distorting the common jazz piano vocabulary of the day that put Ellington in a class by himself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A low-pitched rumbling sound produced with a wind instrument."
],
"links": [
[
"jazz",
"jazz#Noun"
],
[
"low-pitched",
"low-pitched"
],
[
"produced",
"produce#Verb"
],
[
"wind instrument",
"wind instrument"
]
],
"qualifier": "jazz",
"raw_glosses": [
"(jazz, by extension) A low-pitched rumbling sound produced with a wind instrument."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Death growl"
],
"links": [
[
"Death growl",
"death growl"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Death growl"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-growl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/En-us-growl.ogg/En-us-growl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/En-us-growl.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-growl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-au-growl.ogg/En-au-growl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-au-growl.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
},
{
"enpr": "groul"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "zamjara",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "زَمْجَرَة"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rǎmžene",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ръмжене"
},
{
"code": "csm",
"lang": "Central Sierra Miwok",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "načá·k-"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vrčení"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grom"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "(het) gegrom"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "urin"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "urr"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "murina"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "mörinä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feulement"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grognement"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bruído"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brúo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "urro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruxido"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Knurren"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mougkrízo",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μουγκρίζω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "morgás"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "glam"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drantán"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ringhio"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rženje",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "ржење"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "ngengere"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "knurre"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "warczenie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "warknięcie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rosnado"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ryk",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рык"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ryčánije",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "рыча́ние"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dranndan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "режање"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "režanje"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rugido"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "hırlama"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "deep, rumbling, threatening sound",
"word": "hırlamak"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qarqara",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "قَرْقَرَة"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kǎrkorene",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "къркорене"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kručení"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"word": "rammelen"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"word": "korin"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"word": "kurina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "borborygme"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gargouillement"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Magenknurren"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"word": "korgás"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brontolio"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gūgū",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"word": "グーグー"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"word": "rumle"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "burczenie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ronco"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "určánije",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "урча́ние"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "крчање"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "krčanje"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rugido"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sound made by the stomach when hungry",
"word": "guruldamak"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "aggressive grumbling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guinco"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "aggressive grumbling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "greñido"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "aggressive grumbling",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gafo"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "aggressive grumbling",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "režanje"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "low-pitched rumbling sound produced with a wind instrument",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grincement"
}
],
"word": "growl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English reporting verbs",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl/1 syllable",
"en:Animal sounds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "growler"
},
{
"word": "Growlery"
},
{
"word": "growlery"
},
{
"word": "growlin'"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "growling"
},
{
"word": "growlingly"
},
{
"word": "growlsome"
},
{
"word": "growly"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "groulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English groulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grollen"
},
"expansion": "grollen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gurlen",
"3": "",
"4": "of the bowels: to growl, rumble"
},
"expansion": "gurlen (“of the bowels: to growl, rumble”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "groler"
},
"expansion": "Old French groler",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "croler",
"3": "",
"4": "to be agitated, shake"
},
"expansion": "croler (“to be agitated, shake”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "grouler"
},
"expansion": "grouler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "grouller",
"3": "",
"4": "to growl, grumble"
},
"expansion": "grouller (“to growl, grumble”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*grullen"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *grullen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*gruljan"
},
"expansion": "*gruljan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gryllan"
},
"expansion": "Old English gryllan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gruljaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gruljaną (“to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "grollen",
"3": "",
"4": "to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch grollen (“to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grollen",
"3": "",
"4": "to grumble"
},
"expansion": "Dutch grollen (“to grumble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grollen",
"3": "",
"4": "to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will"
},
"expansion": "German grollen (“to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "grillan"
},
"expansion": "Old English grillan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "griellan",
"3": "",
"4": "to provoke, offend; to gnash the teeth"
},
"expansion": "griellan (“to provoke, offend; to gnash the teeth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grill"
},
"expansion": "grill",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English groulen, grollen, gurlen (“of the bowels: to growl, rumble”), either possibly from Old French groler (variant of croler (“to be agitated, shake”)), grouler, grouller (“to growl, grumble”), from Frankish *grullen, *gruljan or from Old English gryllan, both from Proto-Germanic *gruljaną (“to make a sound; to growl, grumble, rumble”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise; to mumble, murmur; to rattle; to grind; to rub, stroke”), probably ultimately imitative. The word is cognate with Middle Dutch grollen (“to make a noise; to croak, grumble, murmur; to be angry”) (modern Dutch grollen (“to grumble”)), German grollen (“to rumble; to be angry, bear ill will”), Old English grillan, griellan (“to provoke, offend; to gnash the teeth”). Compare grill.\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "growls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "growling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "growled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "growled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "growl (third-person singular simple present growls, present participle growling, simple past and past participle growled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The dog growled at me as I walked past.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1806, [Isaac] Watts, B. Jacobs [i.e., Benjamin Jacob], “Let Dogs Delight to Bark and Bite. Song 16.”, in Dr. Watts’ Divine & Moral Songs […], London: Printed for & sold by the author, […], →OCLC, page 18",
"text": "Let bears and lions growl and fight, / Let bears and lions growl and fight, / For 'tis their nature too, / For 'tis their nature too.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1841, “Fydget Fyxington”, in Charles Dickens, editor, The Pic Nic Papers. […] (Collection of Ancient and Modern British Authors; CCCXXX), Paris: Baudry’s European Library, […]; and Stassin et Xavier, […], →OCLC, page 225",
"text": "\"All's for the worst\" is a very common motto, and under its influence there are thousands who growl when they go to bed, and growl still louder when they get up; who growl at their breakfast, who growl at their dinner, who growl at their supper, and who growl between meals. Discontent is written in every feature of their visage; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1868 April 25, The Spectator: A Weekly Review of Politics, Literature, Theology, and Art, volume 41, number 2078, London: John Campbell, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 482, column 2",
"text": "Lord Derby growled,—growling especially at Mr. [William Ewart] Gladstone,—and the Archbishop of Canterbury growled, and the Bishop of Oxford growled, and the Marquis of Bath (a good Conservative) growled, but he (the Marquis) growled at the Government rather than at the Bill.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Ted Sanders, “April”, in The Harp and the Ravenvine (The Keepers; 2), New York, N.Y.: Harper",
"text": "April woke in darkness to the sound of Baron growling. Not that she could hear the dog, exactly. He was far out in the backyard at the edge of the woods. […] April waited for the dog to settle down. Instead, his growling grew deeper.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To utter a deep guttural sound, as an angry animal; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound."
],
"links": [
[
"utter",
"utter#Verb"
],
[
"deep",
"deep#Adjective"
],
[
"guttural",
"guttural"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"angry",
"angry"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"give forth",
"give forth"
],
[
"grumbling",
"grumbling#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To utter a deep guttural sound, as an angry animal; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gnar"
},
{
"word": "gnarl"
},
{
"word": "gurl"
},
{
"word": "snarl"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Jazz"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, Jackie Kay, “Music”, in Trumpet, London: Picador; 1st Vintage Contemporaries edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, 2000",
"text": "And he is bending in the wind, scooping pitch, growling. […] He plays his false fingers. Chokes the trumpet. He is naked. This is naked jazz. O-bop-she-bam. Never lying. Telling it like it is.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Henry Martin, Keith Waters, quoting Duke Ellington, “1920s Jazz in New York and Europe”, in Jazz: The First 100 Years, 3rd enhanced edition, Boston, Mass.: Cengage Learning, page 121",
"text": "James \"Bubber\" Miley \"used to growl all night long, playing gutbucket on his horn. That was when we decided to forget all about the sweet music.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a wind instrument: to produce a low-pitched rumbling sound."
],
"links": [
[
"jazz",
"jazz#Noun"
],
[
"wind instrument",
"wind instrument"
],
[
"produce",
"produce#Verb"
],
[
"low-pitched",
"low-pitched"
]
],
"qualifier": "jazz",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, jazz) Of a wind instrument: to produce a low-pitched rumbling sound."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"en:Software"
],
"glosses": [
"To send a user a message via the Growl software library."
],
"links": [
[
"software",
"software"
],
[
"send",
"send"
],
[
"user",
"user"
],
[
"message",
"message#Noun"
],
[
"library",
"library"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, software) To send a user a message via the Growl software library."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences",
"software"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The old man growled his displeasure at the postman.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1853, Marca, “The Leads of St. Mark”, in The British Journal: A Home, Colonial, and General Magazine, volume III, London: John Mortimer, publisher, […], →OCLC, page 345",
"text": "Bastane, as he entered, growled an invective, while he sullenly expressed his discontent at an unexpected call and additional labour.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To express (something) by growling."
],
"links": [
[
"express",
"express#Verb"
],
[
"growling",
"growling#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To express (something) by growling."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Jazz"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Gerald Majer, “Proxima Ra”, in The Velvet Lounge: On Late Chicago Jazz, New York, N.Y., Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, page 37",
"text": "[…] John Gilmore would take up his tenor and growl a keening march, Danny Thompson stab and worry with a flute, Sun Ra leave his big conga and mount the temple of keyboards for a ritual parenthesis of chromatic zig-zags and electro-howls.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To play a wind instrument in a way that produces a low-pitched rumbling sound."
],
"links": [
[
"jazz",
"jazz#Noun"
],
[
"play",
"play#Verb"
]
],
"qualifier": "jazz",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, jazz) To play a wind instrument in a way that produces a low-pitched rumbling sound."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To perform death growl vocals."
],
"links": [
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"death growl",
"death growl"
],
[
"vocals",
"vocals"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To perform death growl vocals."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹaʊl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-growl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/En-us-growl.ogg/En-us-growl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/En-us-growl.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-growl.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-au-growl.ogg/En-au-growl.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-au-growl.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
},
{
"enpr": "groul"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "groil"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "groul"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "zamjara",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "زَمْجَرَ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rǎmža",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "ръмжа"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "háojiào",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "嗥叫"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "páoxiào",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "咆哮"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hǒu",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "吼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ái",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "嘊"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ái",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "啀"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "grommen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "graŭli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "murista"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of a person",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "bougonner"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of a tiger",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "feuler"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of a person or a bear",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "grogner"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of a person",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "grommeler"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of a bear",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "gronder"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of a person",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "ronchonner"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "rosmar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "roñar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "knurren"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "morog"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "ringhiare"
},
{
"alt": "うなる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "unaru",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "唸る"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eureureonggeorida",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "으르렁거리다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "ganniō"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rži",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "ржи"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of a dog",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "ngengere"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "ghąą ní"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "ronner"
},
{
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "guru'uu"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "warczeć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "rosnar"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "phiñakuy"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ryčátʹ",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "рыча́ть"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "dèan dranndan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "режати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "režati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "gruñir"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"word": "morra"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "harčáty",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гарча́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ryčáty",
"sense": "to utter a deep guttural sound",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "рича́ти"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"note": "a somewhat neutral form",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "grommen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"note": "an angry form",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "grauwen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "murista"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "grogner"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "roñar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "rosmar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "ringhiare"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "rosnar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vorčátʹ",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "ворча́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "burčátʹ",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "бурча́ть"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "dèan dranndan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "режати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "režati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to express (something) by growling",
"word": "gruñir"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to perform death growl vocals",
"word": "growla"
}
],
"word": "growl"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.