See rind in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rind meaning in English (17.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bacon rind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "immortal rind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pork rind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rind gall"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rind"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rind",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rinde"
},
"expansion": "rinde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rind"
},
"expansion": "Old English rind",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rinde",
"t": "treebark, crust"
},
"expansion": "rinde (“treebark, crust”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rindā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rindā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rindō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rindō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rindǭ",
"t": "crust, rind"
},
"expansion": "*rindǭ (“crust, rind”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*rem-",
"t": "to come to rest, support or prop oneself"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *rem- (“to come to rest, support or prop oneself”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rinde",
"t": "bark, rind"
},
"expansion": "German Rinde (“bark, rind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rand"
},
"expansion": "English rand",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rind, rinde, from Old English rind and rinde (“treebark, crust”), from Proto-West Germanic *rindā, from Proto-Germanic *rindō, *rindǭ (“crust, rind”), from Proto-Indo-European *rem- (“to come to rest, support or prop oneself”). Cognate with German Rinde (“bark, rind”). related to English rand.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rinds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rind (plural rinds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "peel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "skin"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 2 16 25 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tree bark"
],
"id": "en-rind-en-noun-S4R7MsCp",
"links": [
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 1 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "tree bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "tree bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůra"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 7",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "phloiós",
"sense": "tree bark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "φλοιός"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tree bark",
"word": "kéreg"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 7",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "tree bark",
"word": "rind"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tree bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kora"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tree bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corteza"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 7",
"code": "tft",
"lang": "Ternate",
"sense": "tree bark",
"word": "ahi"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A hard, tough outer layer, particularly on food such as fruit, cheese, etc"
],
"id": "en-rind-en-noun-DlDVTq66",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"fruit",
"fruit"
],
[
"cheese",
"cheese"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qabıq",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "ҡабыҡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escorça"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "closca"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cotna"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "is̈hoopa"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůra"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"note": "of fruit",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skal"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"note": "of cheese",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skorpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"note": "of pork",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "svær"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schil"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bast"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of fruit",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pelure"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of cheese",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croûte"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of pork",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couenne"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "casca"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tona"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rinde"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwarte"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "lépos",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "λέπος"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "lépuron",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "λέπυρον"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "héj"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buccia"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crusta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pluta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"note": "of bread, cheese, or similar",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "luoba"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "žievė"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"note": "of fruit, potatoes, or similar",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "žievelė"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "hiako"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "kiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "peha"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "tapeha"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "rind"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skorpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "svor"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "no",
"english": "(of fruit)",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skall"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schal"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skóra"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skórka"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "łupina"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "casca"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kožurá",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "кожура́"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórka",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́рка"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kóžica",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́жица"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "škúrka",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шку́рка"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cairt"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "of fruit",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cáscara"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 92 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "of fruit",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "skal"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1939, Roy Forster, Joyous Deliverance, London: Thornton Butterworth, p. 262",
"text": "Taking the money from a man when he's got his pants down. What are you, a doctor or a tailor's tout? Thirty bucks! If I figured you'd have the rind to touch me that much I'd have lashed them up with a pair of braces!"
},
{
"ref": "1940, Amy Helen Bell (ed.), London Was Ours: Diaries and Memoirs of the London Blitz, 1940-1941, published 2002, Kingston, Ontario: Queen's University, p. 99",
"text": "April 9, 1940. Then one of our RAF customers had the rind to suggest that ‘you women ought to give up smoking for the duration you know’. This, when they have the alternative of smoking pipes which is not open to us, …"
},
{
"ref": "2010, David Stubbs, Send Them Victorious: England's Path to Glory 2006-2010, O Books (Zero Books), p. 12",
"text": "[About a football match.] Come the second half and the Trinidadians and Tobagans had the immortal rind to make excursions into the England half, the spectacle of which was deeply offensive to those whose memories extend to those happy days before 1962, when independence was unwisely conferred on this archipelago. Back in those days, a game like this would have presented little anxiety. Any goals scored by the Trinidadians, or Tobagans for that matter, would have been instantly become the property of the Crown and therefore added to England's tally. Glad times – 22 men working together for a common aim. However, such is the insolence of the modern age that these dark fellows dared approach the England penalty box, forelocks untugged, as if demanding instant entry to the Garrick club without having been put up by existing members."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The gall, the crust, the insolence; often as \"the immortal rind\""
],
"id": "en-rind-en-noun-YJQt-bf3",
"links": [
[
"gall",
"gall"
],
[
"crust",
"crust"
],
[
"insolence",
"insolence"
]
],
"qualifier": "usually \"the\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, uncountable, rare, usually \"the\") The gall, the crust, the insolence; often as \"the immortal rind\""
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹaɪnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪnd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rind.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rind"
],
"word": "rind"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rind"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rind",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rinde"
},
"expansion": "rinde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rind"
},
"expansion": "Old English rind",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rinde",
"t": "treebark, crust"
},
"expansion": "rinde (“treebark, crust”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rindā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rindā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rindō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rindō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rindǭ",
"t": "crust, rind"
},
"expansion": "*rindǭ (“crust, rind”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*rem-",
"t": "to come to rest, support or prop oneself"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *rem- (“to come to rest, support or prop oneself”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rinde",
"t": "bark, rind"
},
"expansion": "German Rinde (“bark, rind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rand"
},
"expansion": "English rand",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rind, rinde, from Old English rind and rinde (“treebark, crust”), from Proto-West Germanic *rindā, from Proto-Germanic *rindō, *rindǭ (“crust, rind”), from Proto-Indo-European *rem- (“to come to rest, support or prop oneself”). Cognate with German Rinde (“bark, rind”). related to English rand.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rinds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rinding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rinded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rinded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rind (third-person singular simple present rinds, present participle rinding, simple past and past participle rinded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To remove the rind from."
],
"id": "en-rind-en-verb-z9ZOEBc6",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To remove the rind from."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹaɪnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪnd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rind.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rind"
],
"word": "rind"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "rijne"
},
"expansion": "rijne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ryn"
},
"expansion": "ryn",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Flemish rijne, Low German ryn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rinds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rind (plural rinds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An iron support fitting used on the upper millstone of a grist mill."
],
"id": "en-rind-en-noun-xIs1By8Y",
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"millstone",
"millstone"
],
[
"grist mill",
"grist mill"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rynd"
},
{
"word": "rine"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "an iron support fitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "segorella"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "paraplica",
"sense": "an iron support fitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "параплица"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹaɪnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪnd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rind.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rind"
],
"word": "rind"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aɪnd",
"Rhymes:English/aɪnd/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bacon rind"
},
{
"word": "immortal rind"
},
{
"word": "pork rind"
},
{
"word": "rind gall"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rind"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rind",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rinde"
},
"expansion": "rinde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rind"
},
"expansion": "Old English rind",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rinde",
"t": "treebark, crust"
},
"expansion": "rinde (“treebark, crust”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rindā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rindā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rindō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rindō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rindǭ",
"t": "crust, rind"
},
"expansion": "*rindǭ (“crust, rind”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*rem-",
"t": "to come to rest, support or prop oneself"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *rem- (“to come to rest, support or prop oneself”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rinde",
"t": "bark, rind"
},
"expansion": "German Rinde (“bark, rind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rand"
},
"expansion": "English rand",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rind, rinde, from Old English rind and rinde (“treebark, crust”), from Proto-West Germanic *rindā, from Proto-Germanic *rindō, *rindǭ (“crust, rind”), from Proto-Indo-European *rem- (“to come to rest, support or prop oneself”). Cognate with German Rinde (“bark, rind”). related to English rand.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rinds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rind (plural rinds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "peel"
},
{
"word": "skin"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tree bark"
],
"links": [
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A hard, tough outer layer, particularly on food such as fruit, cheese, etc"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"fruit",
"fruit"
],
[
"cheese",
"cheese"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1939, Roy Forster, Joyous Deliverance, London: Thornton Butterworth, p. 262",
"text": "Taking the money from a man when he's got his pants down. What are you, a doctor or a tailor's tout? Thirty bucks! If I figured you'd have the rind to touch me that much I'd have lashed them up with a pair of braces!"
},
{
"ref": "1940, Amy Helen Bell (ed.), London Was Ours: Diaries and Memoirs of the London Blitz, 1940-1941, published 2002, Kingston, Ontario: Queen's University, p. 99",
"text": "April 9, 1940. Then one of our RAF customers had the rind to suggest that ‘you women ought to give up smoking for the duration you know’. This, when they have the alternative of smoking pipes which is not open to us, …"
},
{
"ref": "2010, David Stubbs, Send Them Victorious: England's Path to Glory 2006-2010, O Books (Zero Books), p. 12",
"text": "[About a football match.] Come the second half and the Trinidadians and Tobagans had the immortal rind to make excursions into the England half, the spectacle of which was deeply offensive to those whose memories extend to those happy days before 1962, when independence was unwisely conferred on this archipelago. Back in those days, a game like this would have presented little anxiety. Any goals scored by the Trinidadians, or Tobagans for that matter, would have been instantly become the property of the Crown and therefore added to England's tally. Glad times – 22 men working together for a common aim. However, such is the insolence of the modern age that these dark fellows dared approach the England penalty box, forelocks untugged, as if demanding instant entry to the Garrick club without having been put up by existing members."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The gall, the crust, the insolence; often as \"the immortal rind\""
],
"links": [
[
"gall",
"gall"
],
[
"crust",
"crust"
],
[
"insolence",
"insolence"
]
],
"qualifier": "usually \"the\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, uncountable, rare, usually \"the\") The gall, the crust, the insolence; often as \"the immortal rind\""
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹaɪnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪnd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rind.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "tree bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "tree bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůra"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "phloiós",
"sense": "tree bark",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "φλοιός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tree bark",
"word": "kéreg"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "tree bark",
"word": "rind"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tree bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kora"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tree bark",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corteza"
},
{
"code": "tft",
"lang": "Ternate",
"sense": "tree bark",
"word": "ahi"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qabıq",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "ҡабыҡ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escorça"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "closca"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cotna"
},
{
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "is̈hoopa"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůra"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"note": "of fruit",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skal"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"note": "of cheese",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skorpe"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"note": "of pork",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "svær"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schil"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bast"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of fruit",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pelure"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of cheese",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croûte"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of pork",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couenne"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "casca"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tona"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rinde"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwarte"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "lépos",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "λέπος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "lépuron",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "λέπυρον"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "héj"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buccia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crusta"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pluta"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"note": "of bread, cheese, or similar",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "luoba"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "žievė"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"note": "of fruit, potatoes, or similar",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "žievelė"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "hiako"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "kiri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "peha"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "tapeha"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "rind"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bark"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skorpe"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "svor"
},
{
"code": "no",
"english": "(of fruit)",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skall"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schal"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skóra"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skórka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "łupina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "casca"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kožurá",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "кожура́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórka",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́рка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kóžica",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́жица"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "škúrka",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шку́рка"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cairt"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "of fruit",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cáscara"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "of fruit",
"sense": "hard outer layer of fruit, cheese",
"word": "skal"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rind"
],
"word": "rind"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aɪnd",
"Rhymes:English/aɪnd/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rind"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rind",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rinde"
},
"expansion": "rinde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rind"
},
"expansion": "Old English rind",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rinde",
"t": "treebark, crust"
},
"expansion": "rinde (“treebark, crust”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rindā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rindā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rindō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rindō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rindǭ",
"t": "crust, rind"
},
"expansion": "*rindǭ (“crust, rind”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*rem-",
"t": "to come to rest, support or prop oneself"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *rem- (“to come to rest, support or prop oneself”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rinde",
"t": "bark, rind"
},
"expansion": "German Rinde (“bark, rind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rand"
},
"expansion": "English rand",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rind, rinde, from Old English rind and rinde (“treebark, crust”), from Proto-West Germanic *rindā, from Proto-Germanic *rindō, *rindǭ (“crust, rind”), from Proto-Indo-European *rem- (“to come to rest, support or prop oneself”). Cognate with German Rinde (“bark, rind”). related to English rand.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rinds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rinding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rinded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rinded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rind (third-person singular simple present rinds, present participle rinding, simple past and past participle rinded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To remove the rind from."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To remove the rind from."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹaɪnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪnd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rind.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rind"
],
"word": "rind"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/aɪnd",
"Rhymes:English/aɪnd/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "rijne"
},
"expansion": "rijne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ryn"
},
"expansion": "ryn",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Flemish rijne, Low German ryn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rinds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rind (plural rinds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An iron support fitting used on the upper millstone of a grist mill."
],
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"millstone",
"millstone"
],
[
"grist mill",
"grist mill"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹaɪnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪnd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rind.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rind.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rynd"
},
{
"word": "rine"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "an iron support fitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "segorella"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "paraplica",
"sense": "an iron support fitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "параплица"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"rind"
],
"word": "rind"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.