"bark" meaning in Middle English

See bark in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /bark/ Forms: barkes [plural]
Etymology: From Old English bark, from Old Norse bǫrkr, from Proto-Germanic *barkuz. Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|bark}} Old English bark, {{der|enm|non|bǫrkr}} Old Norse bǫrkr, {{der|enm|gem-pro|*barkuz}} Proto-Germanic *barkuz Head templates: {{head|enm|nouns|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} bark, {{enm-noun|barkes}} bark (plural barkes)
  1. bark (a tree's covering, often used in leatherworking or as a pharmaceutical). Categories (topical): Botany, Hides, Medicine
    Sense id: en-bark-enm-noun-kUsVriY1 Disambiguation of Botany: 44 28 28 Disambiguation of Hides: 67 5 28 Disambiguation of Medicine: 100 0 0 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 58 3 39 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 65 3 32
  2. The exterior layer of a nut or other fruit.
    Sense id: en-bark-enm-noun-U5dqdTbK
  3. (rare, Late Middle English, figurative) A shallow look at something. Tags: Late-Middle-English, figuratively, rare
    Sense id: en-bark-enm-noun-vvVH9ASO Categories (other): Late Middle English
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: barke Derived forms: barker, barkyn

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for bark meaning in Middle English (2.9kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "barker"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "barkyn"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "bark"
          },
          "expansion": "English: bark",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: bark"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "bark"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: bark",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: bark"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bark"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bark",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "bǫrkr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse bǫrkr",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*barkuz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *barkuz",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English bark, from Old Norse bǫrkr, from Proto-Germanic *barkuz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "barkes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bark",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barkes"
      },
      "expansion": "bark (plural barkes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "58 3 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "65 3 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 28 28",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Botany",
          "orig": "enm:Botany",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "67 5 28",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Hides",
          "orig": "enm:Hides",
          "parents": [
            "Leatherworking",
            "Materials",
            "Crafts",
            "Manufacturing",
            "Society",
            "Human activity",
            "All topics",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Fundamental",
            "Human"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Medicine",
          "orig": "enm:Medicine",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bark (a tree's covering, often used in leatherworking or as a pharmaceutical)."
      ],
      "id": "en-bark-enm-noun-kUsVriY1",
      "links": [
        [
          "bark",
          "bark#English"
        ],
        [
          "leatherworking",
          "leatherworking#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The exterior layer of a nut or other fruit."
      ],
      "id": "en-bark-enm-noun-U5dqdTbK"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Late Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A shallow look at something."
      ],
      "id": "en-bark-enm-noun-vvVH9ASO",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, Late Middle English, figurative) A shallow look at something."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "figuratively",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bark/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "barke"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bark"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "enm:Botany",
    "enm:Hides",
    "enm:Medicine"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "barker"
    },
    {
      "word": "barkyn"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "bark"
          },
          "expansion": "English: bark",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: bark"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "bark"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: bark",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: bark"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "bark"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English bark",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "bǫrkr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse bǫrkr",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*barkuz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *barkuz",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English bark, from Old Norse bǫrkr, from Proto-Germanic *barkuz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "barkes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bark",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "barkes"
      },
      "expansion": "bark (plural barkes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bark (a tree's covering, often used in leatherworking or as a pharmaceutical)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bark",
          "bark#English"
        ],
        [
          "leatherworking",
          "leatherworking#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The exterior layer of a nut or other fruit."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Late Middle English",
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A shallow look at something."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, Late Middle English, figurative) A shallow look at something."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "figuratively",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bark/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "barke"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bark"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.