See thou on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thou",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Northern England"
},
"expansion": "(Northern England)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "the latter three early Southwest England"
},
"expansion": "(the latter three early Southwest England)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þū"
},
"expansion": "Old English þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þū",
"t": "you (singular), thou"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þū (“you (singular), thou”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*túh₂",
"t": "you, thou"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you, thou”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "du",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian du (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "do",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian do (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "du"
},
"expansion": "Dutch du",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "doe",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish doe (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "du",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Low German du (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "du",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "German du (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "du",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Danish du (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "du",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Swedish du (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "tú",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Faroese tú (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þú",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic þú (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌿",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þu, “thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tu"
},
"expansion": "Latin tu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σύ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σύ (sú)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τύ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τύ (tú)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "εσύ"
},
"expansion": "Greek εσύ (esý)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "tu"
},
"expansion": "Irish tu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tu"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ty"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic ty",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ti"
},
"expansion": "Welsh ti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "դու"
},
"expansion": "Armenian դու (du)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ti"
},
"expansion": "Albanian ti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "تو"
},
"expansion": "Persian تو",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thou, tho, thogh, thoue, thouȝ, thow, thowe, tou, towe, thu, thue, thugh, tu, you (Northern England), ðhu, þeou, þeu, þou (the latter three early Southwest England), from Old English þū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū (“you (singular), thou”), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you, thou”).\ncognates and usage evolution\nThe English word is cognate with Saterland Frisian du (“thou”), West Frisian do (“thou”), dialectal Dutch du, dou, douw (“thou”), Limburgish doe (“thou”), Low German du (“thou”), German du (“thou”), Danish du (“thou”), Swedish du (“thou”), Faroese tú (“thou”), Icelandic þú (“thou”), Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þu, “thou”), Latin tu, Ancient Greek σύ (sú) (Doric Ancient Greek τύ (tú), Greek εσύ (esý)), Irish tu, Lithuanian tu, Old Church Slavonic ty, Welsh ti, Armenian դու (du), Albanian ti, Persian تو (to).\nThe informality of thou and its replacement by ye in formal situations date only to the 14th century and come from French influence, since French (as many European languages, but not Old English) uses the second-person plural (vous) instead of the second-person singular (tu) as a mark of politeness or respect.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ye",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thee",
"tags": [
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "thyself",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "thy",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "thine",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "thine",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"without-noun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"10": "thy",
"11": "or",
"12": "thine",
"13": "possessive pronoun",
"14": "thine",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "ye",
"5": "objective case",
"6": "thee",
"7": "reflexive",
"8": "thyself",
"9": "possessive determiner"
},
"expansion": "thou (plural ye, objective case thee, reflexive thyself, possessive determiner thy or thine, possessive pronoun thine)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "en:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
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{
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{
"_dis": "50 32 18",
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{
"_dis": "51 30 19",
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{
"_dis": "51 30 20",
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"derived": [
{
"word": "holier-than-thou"
},
{
"word": "how farest thou"
},
{
"word": "methinks thou dost protest too much"
},
{
"word": "thou'dst"
},
{
"word": "thou'lt"
},
{
"word": "thou'rt"
},
{
"word": "thou'st"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ephesians 5:14:",
"text": "[...] Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall giue thee light.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1742 April 4, Charles Wesley, A Sermon Preached on Sunday, April 4, 1742. Before the University of Oxford, London: Printed by J. Paramore, […], published 1783, →OCLC, page 10:",
"text": "Art thou in earnest about thy soul? and canst thou tell the Searcher of Hearts, Thou, O God, art the thing that I long for? Lord, Thou knowest all things, Thou knowest that I would love thee?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Four. The Last of the Spirits.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 137:",
"text": "Oh cold, cold, rigid, dreadful Death, set up thine altar here, and dress it with such terrors as thou hast at thy command: for this is thy dominion!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "you",
"word": "ye"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nominative singular of ye (“you”)."
],
"id": "en-thou-en-pron-3RjCETTd",
"links": [
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"ye",
"ye#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, dialectal, literary, religion, or humorous) Nominative singular of ye (“you”)."
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "Ime"
},
{
"word": "me"
},
{
"word": "myselfmemysen"
},
{
"word": "mine"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic",
"before-vowel"
],
"word": "mymineme"
},
{
"word": "we"
},
{
"word": "us"
},
{
"word": "ourselvesourselfoursen"
},
{
"word": "ours"
},
{
"word": "our"
},
{
"word": "you"
},
{
"word": "yourselfyoursen"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "yoursyourn"
},
{
"word": "your"
},
{
"word": "thee"
},
{
"word": "thyselftheeselfthysen"
},
{
"word": "thine"
},
{
"tags": [
"before-vowel"
],
"word": "thythine"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "youye"
},
{
"word": "yourselves"
},
{
"word": "you ally'all you guys"
},
{
"word": "y'allselves"
},
{
"tags": [
"proscribed"
],
"word": "y'all's you guys' your guys'"
},
{
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"proscribed"
],
"word": "y'all's your all's you guys' your guys'"
},
{
"word": "he"
},
{
"word": "him"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "himselfhisselfhissen"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "hishisn"
},
{
"word": "his"
},
{
"word": "she"
},
{
"word": "her"
},
{
"word": "herselfhersen"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "hershern"
},
{
"word": "ithit"
},
{
"word": "itselfhitself"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "itshis"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "itshishits"
},
{
"word": "they"
},
{
"word": "them"
},
{
"word": "themself"
},
{
"word": "themselves"
},
{
"word": "theirs"
},
{
"word": "their"
},
{
"word": "one"
},
{
"word": "oneself"
},
{
"word": "–"
},
{
"word": "one's"
},
{
"word": "themhem"
},
{
"word": "'em"
},
{
"word": "themselvestheirsen"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "theirstheirn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "du"
},
{
"word": "tha"
},
{
"word": "thoo"
},
{
"word": "thow"
},
{
"word": "thu"
},
{
"english": "Lancashire",
"tags": [
"Yorkshire"
],
"word": "tha"
},
{
"tags": [
"Scotland"
],
"word": "du"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"form-of",
"humorous",
"literary",
"nominative",
"singular"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"religion"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔanta",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "أَنْتَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔanti",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "أَنْتِ"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ínta",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "انت"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ínti",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "انت"
},
{
"code": "aeb",
"lang": "Tunisian Arabic",
"roman": "ʔinti",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِنْتِ"
},
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "du",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "դու"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "toi",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "তই"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "tumi",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "তুমি আপুনি"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ty",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ты"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "tui",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "তুই"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ti",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ти"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "cbk",
"lang": "Chavacano",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nǐ",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "你"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"english": "to God",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nǐ",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "祢"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "爾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ěr",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "尔"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "rǔ",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "汝"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tù"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ty"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "te"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "du"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "gij"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "jij"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ci"
},
{
"code": "ext",
"lang": "Extremaduran",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tú"
},
{
"code": "fax",
"lang": "Fala",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tú"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "sinä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "frm",
"lang": "Middle French",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ti"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "roa-gal",
"lang": "Gallo",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šen",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "შენ"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "du"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "Du"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "þu",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "𐌸𐌿"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "sú",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "σύ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "atá",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אתה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "at",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "את"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "tum",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "तुम"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "tū",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "तू"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "te"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "þú"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "kamu"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tú"
},
{
"code": "ruo",
"lang": "Istro-Romanian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tú"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"alt": "きみ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kimi",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "君"
},
{
"alt": "なんじ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nanji",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "汝"
},
{
"alt": "おまえ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "omae",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "お前"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "anata",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "あなた"
},
{
"code": "xqa",
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"roman": "sen",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "سن"
},
{
"alt": "當身",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "dangsin",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "당신"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "neo",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "너"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ne",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "네"
},
{
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"roman": "tu",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "טו"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khun",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ຄຸນ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "thœ̄",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ເຖີ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "mư̄ng",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ມືງ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "roa-leo",
"lang": "Leonese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"roman": "xun",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ᦆᦳᧃ"
},
{
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"roman": "thoe",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ᦵᦒᦲ"
},
{
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"roman": "mueng",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ᦙᦹᧂ"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ti",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ти"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "engkau"
},
{
"code": "ruq",
"lang": "Megleno-Romanian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "mwl",
"lang": "Mirandese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "mxi",
"lang": "Mozarabic",
"roman": "tu",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ت"
},
{
"code": "roa-oan",
"lang": "Navarro-Aragonese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "yrl",
"lang": "Nheengatu",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "indé"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "nod",
"lang": "Northern Thai",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ᨤᩩᨶ"
},
{
"code": "nod",
"lang": "Northern Thai",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ᨮᩮᩬᩥ"
},
{
"code": "nod",
"lang": "Northern Thai",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ᨾᩨ᩠ᨦ"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "du"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "giin"
},
{
"code": "roa-oca",
"lang": "Old Catalan",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "ty",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "тꙑ"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "ty",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"Glagolitic"
],
"word": "ⱅⱏⰺ"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "þū"
},
{
"code": "sga",
"lang": "Old Irish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tú"
},
{
"code": "pro",
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "zlw-opl",
"lang": "Old Polish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ty"
},
{
"code": "roa-opt",
"lang": "Old Portuguese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "otk",
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"roman": "s²n²",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "𐰾𐰤"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "sen",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "سن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "to",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "تو"
},
{
"code": "pcd",
"lang": "Picard",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tåi"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ty"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tü"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ty",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ты"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tue"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "thoo"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "thu"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ти̑"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "tȋ"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "oyā",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ඔයා"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ty"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tí"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ty"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ty"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tú"
},
{
"code": "osp",
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "du"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kun",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "คุณ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "təə",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "เธอ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "mʉng",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "มึง"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "sen"
},
{
"code": "ude",
"lang": "Udihe",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "си"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ty",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ти"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "tum",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "تم"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "tū",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "تو"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ti"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "mày"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ngươi"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "mi"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ti"
},
{
"code": "wrh",
"lang": "Wiradjuri",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ngindu"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "du",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "דו"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "thou"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðaʊ/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-thou.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg/En-us-thou.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðuː/"
}
],
"word": "thou"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thouen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thouen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "pronoun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English thouen, theu, thew, thou, thowe, thowen, thui, thuy (“to address (a person) with thou, particularly in a contemptuous or polite manner”), from the pronoun thou: see etymology 1 above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thous",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thouing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thoued",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thoued",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thou (third-person singular simple present thous, present participle thouing, simple past and past participle thoued)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tutoy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tutoyer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "you"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 3 10 20 21 37 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English second person pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 55 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 34 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 57 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 59 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 57 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 57 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 42 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 51 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 57 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 57 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 57 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 1 11 19 45 23",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Quakerism",
"orig": "en:Quakerism",
"parents": [
"Protestantism",
"Christianity",
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Don’t thou them as thous thee! – a Yorkshire English admonition to overly familiar children",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1530, “Hickscorner”, in W[illiam] Carew Hazlitt, editor, A Select Collection of Old English Plays. Originally Published by Robert Dodsley in the Year 1744. […], 4th edition, volume I, London: Reeves and Turner, […], published 1874, page 180:",
"text": "Avaunt, caitiff, dost thou thou me! / I am come of good kin, I tell thee! / My mother was a lady of the stews' blood born, / And (knight of the halter) my father ware an horn; / Therefore I take it in full great scorn, / That thou shouldest thus check me.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 266:",
"text": "[T]aunt him with the licenſe of Inke: if thou thou'ſt him some thrice, it ſhall not be amiſſe, and as many Lyes, as will lye in thy ſheete of paper, although the ſheete were bigge enough for the bedde of Ware in England, ſet 'em downe, go about it.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1603 November 27, “The Tryal of Sir Walter Raleigh Kt. at Winton, on Thursday the 17th of November, Anno. Dom. 1603. in the First Year of King James the First”, in [Thomas Salmon], editor, A Compleat Collection of State-Tryals, and Proceedings upon Impeachment for High Treason, and Other Crimes and Misdemeanours; […] In Four Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for Timothy Goodwin, […]; John Walthoe […]; Benj[amin] Tooke […]; John Darby […]; Jacob Tonson […]; and John Walthoe Jun. […], published 1719, →OCLC, page 177, column 2:",
"text": "Attorney. [Edward Coke, Attorney General for England and Wales] All that he [Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham] did was by thy Inſtigation, thou viper; for I thou thee, thou Traitor. / Raleigh. [Walter Raleigh] It becometh not a Man of Quality and Virtue, to call me ſo: But I take comfort in it, it is all you can do.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1677, William Gibson, “An Answer to John Cheyney’s Pamphlet Entituled The Shibboleth of Quakerism”, in The Life of God, which is the Light and Salvation of Men, Exalted: […], [London]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 134:",
"text": "What! doſt thou not believe that God's Thouing and Theeing was and is ſound Speech? [...] And Theeing & Thouing of one ſingle Perſon was the language of Chriſt Jeſus, and the Holy Prophets and Apoſtles both under the Diſpenſations of Law and Goſpel, [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1755, [Voltaire [pseudonym; François-Marie Arouet]], “Ferdinand III. Forty-seventh Emperor.”, in Annals of the Empire from the Reign of Charlemagne […] In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 257:",
"text": "The emperors before Rodolphus I. ſent all their mandates in Latin, thouing every prince, as the grammar of that language allows. This thouing of the counts of the empire was continued in the German language which diſallows ſuch expreſſions.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1811, Miguel Cervantes de Saavedra, “Of Matters Relating and Appertaining to this Adventure, and to this Memorable History”, in Charles Jarvis, transl., The Life and Exploits of Don Quixote de la Mancha. Translated from the Spanish [...] In Four Volumes, volume IV, London: Printed [by Harding & Wright] for Lackington, Allen, and Co. [et al.], →OCLC, part II, book III, pages 57–58:",
"text": "Unfortunate we the duennas! though we descended in a direct male-line from Hector of Troy, our mistresses will never forbear \"thouing\" us, were they to be made queens for it.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1888, Rudyard Kipling, “On the City Wall”, in In Black and White (A. H. Wheeler & Co.’s Indian Railway Library; no. 3), 5th edition, Allahabad: Messrs. A. H. Wheeler & Co.; London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, Ld., […], published 1890, →OCLC, page 91:",
"text": "\"One service more, Sahib, since thou hast come so opportunely,\" said Lalun. \"Wilt thou\"–it is very nice to be thou-ed by Lalun–\"take this old man across the City—the troops are everywhere, and they might hurt him for he is old—to the Kumharsen Gate?[\"]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1917, Russell Osborne Stidston, “Inferiors to Superiors”, in The Use of Ye in the Function of Thou in Middle English Literature from Ms. Auchinleck to Ms. Vernon: A Study of Grammar and Social Intercourse in Fourteenth-century England: […], Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University, →OCLC, section 1 (The Higher Classes to Royalty), page 22:",
"text": "In Guy a duke in council thous his emperor [...] In Bevis the earl addresses the emperor of Almaine [...] while the young son of the family, Bevis, thous him not only as his father's murderer [...], but even when he is pretending friendship for him [...].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity."
],
"id": "en-thou-en-verb-c0ZT-KQa",
"links": [
[
"address",
"address#Verb"
],
[
"pronoun",
"pronoun"
],
[
"thou",
"#Pronoun"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
],
[
"contempt",
"contempt"
],
[
"familiarity",
"familiarity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thee"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tutiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "týkacʹ",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ты́каць"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "govorja na ti",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "говоря на ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tutejar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tykat"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "sige du"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tutoyeren"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "jijen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "jouen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "sinatama"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "túa"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "sinutella"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tutoyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "duzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"note": "μιλώ στον ενικό (miló ston enikó, literally “speak in the singular”)",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tegez"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "þúa"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tutear"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "dare del tu"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"alt": "よびすてにする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yobisute ni suru",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "呼び捨てにする"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "neo-rago bureuda",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "너라고 부르다"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tujinti"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "berengkau"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "si 'du'"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tutejar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mówić na ty"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tykać"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tutear"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tratar por tu"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "a tutui"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "týkatʹ",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ты́кать"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "týknutʹ",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ты́кнуть"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"alt": "obraščátʹsja na «ty»",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обраща́ться на «ты»"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ти́кати"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "говорити ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tíkati"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "govoriti ti"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tykať"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tíkati"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tykaś"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tykać"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tutear"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "dua"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "sen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "týkaty",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ти́кати"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "you"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 34 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 42 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Julian Dibbell, chapter 5, in Play Money: Or, How I Quit My Day Job and Made Millions Trading Virtual Loot, New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, →ISBN:",
"text": "The hardcore role-players will wake up one day feeling, like a dead weight on their chest, the strain of endless texting in Renaissance Faire English—yet dutifully go on theeing and thouing all the same.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, David R. Keeston [pseudonym; Alan D. Jenkins], “Seeing God in the Ordinary”, in The Hitch Hikers’ Guide to the Gospel, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 39:",
"text": "You want to hear the word of God, and be challenged to go out and change the world. Instead, you are, for the fifth Sunday in a row, mewling on about purple-headed mountains (which is a bit of an imaginative stretch, since you live in East Anglia) and \"theeing\" and \"thouing\" all over the place.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To use the word thou."
],
"id": "en-thou-en-verb-hG98TtCO",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"word",
"word#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To use the word thou."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thee"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to use the word thou",
"word": "tutoyeren"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to use the word thou",
"word": "tutoyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to use the word thou",
"word": "þúa"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "thou",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ðaʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-thou.ogg",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ"
}
],
"word": "thou"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thousandth",
"3": "thou(sandth)"
},
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"name": "clipping"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of thou(sandth).",
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{
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"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1946 November and December, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 344:",
"text": "But to continue, \"At Horwich they had gone all scientific, and talked in 'thous.,' though apparently some of their work was to the nearest half-inch. […].\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1984, Robert D. Adams, William C. Wake, “Surface Preparation”, in Structural Adhesive Joints in Engineering, Barking, Essex: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, published 1986, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 220–221:",
"text": "All these methods remove metal and can, in fact, remove a few thou from the surface. For accurately machined parts, therefore, none of these methods are suitable but wet blasting with a fine alumina which gives a polishing–cleaning action may be operated within the required tolerances.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Mike Bishop, Vern Tardel, “Bells and Whistles”, in How to Build a Traditional Ford Hot Rod, revised edition, Osceola, Wis.: MBI Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 131, column 2:",
"text": "Make no mistake, we’re talking about some major repositioning; the rear ends of the cones didn’t move just a few thou’ or even 1/4 or 1/2 inch in one direction. These beauties moved around big time.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A unit of length equal to one-thousandth of an inch (25.4 µm)."
],
"id": "en-thou-en-noun-oShUYF9H",
"links": [
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"length",
"length"
],
[
"equal",
"equal#Adjective"
],
[
"one",
"one"
],
[
"thousandth",
"thousandth"
],
[
"inch",
"inch#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British) A unit of length equal to one-thousandth of an inch (25.4 µm)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "mil"
}
],
"tags": [
"British"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "thou",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θaʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav.mp3",
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{
"rhymes": "-aʊ"
}
],
"word": "thou"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thousand",
"3": "thou(sand)"
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"expansion": "Clipping of thou(sand)",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of thou(sand).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thou",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thou"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 8 59 19 10 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 11 52 17 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 5 50 21 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English personal pronouns",
"parents": [
"Personal pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 11 54 16 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 4 65 19 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 16 48 17 7 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Thousand",
"orig": "en:Thousand",
"parents": [
"Numbers",
"All topics",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1977, Larry Pointer, “Belle Fourche”, in In Search of Butch Cassidy (Red River Books), Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1988, →ISBN, page 132:",
"text": "Butch [Cassidy] gave him 3 thous in cash 1 thous for the lawyer another thous if the lawyer wins & 1 thous for Tom O'Day.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Don Winslow, chapter 58, in California Fire and Life, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN; 1st Vintage Crime/Black Lizard edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, September 2007, →ISBN, page 169:",
"text": "He has a few thou in the account, enough to make your everyday living expenses, not enough to keep current with the bigger bills.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000 November, Sheri S[tewart] Tepper, “Benita”, in The Fresco, New York, N.Y.: Eos, HarperCollins, →ISBN; 1st Eos paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Eos, HarperCollins, February 2002, →ISBN, page 17:",
"text": "Well, we'll need a few thou, Carlos. Got to get together a few thou first. For rent, you know. Rent and making contacts with artists, all that.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thousand, especially a thousand of some currency (dollars, pounds sterling, etc.)."
],
"id": "en-thou-en-noun-NVJxReJz",
"links": [
[
"thousand",
"thousand"
],
[
"currency",
"currency"
],
[
"dollar",
"dollar"
],
[
"pounds sterling",
"pound sterling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A thousand, especially a thousand of some currency (dollars, pounds sterling, etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "thou",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θaʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thou (number).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ"
}
],
"word": "thou"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_text": "See though.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "thou (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
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"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "though"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Misspelling of though."
],
"id": "en-thou-en-adv--VAaR-XH",
"links": [
[
"though",
"though#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"misspelling",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "thō",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ðəʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "thō",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ðoʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-though.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/En-us-though.ogg"
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],
"word": "thou"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_text": "See though.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thou",
"name": "en-con"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "conj",
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{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "though"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Misspelling of though."
],
"id": "en-thou-en-conj--VAaR-XH",
"links": [
[
"though",
"though#English"
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],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"misspelling"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "thō",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ðəʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "thō",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ðoʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-though.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/En-us-though.ogg"
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],
"word": "thou"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "the",
"tags": [
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "thy",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "thyn",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"without-noun"
]
}
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{
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"2": "pronoun",
"3": "objective",
"4": "the",
"5": "possessive determiner",
"6": "thy",
"7": "possessive pronoun",
"8": "thyn"
},
"expansion": "thou (objective the, possessive determiner thy, possessive pronoun thyn)",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "þou"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of þou"
],
"id": "en-thou-enm-pron-qcVKiPCk",
"links": [
[
"þou",
"þou#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "thou"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "þou"
},
"expansion": "Middle English þou",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þū"
},
"expansion": "Old English þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*túh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "you"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English þou, from Old English þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thee",
"tags": [
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "thysel",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "thy",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"2": "pronoun",
"3": "objective case",
"4": "thee",
"5": "reflexive",
"6": "thysel",
"7": "possessive determiner",
"8": "thy"
},
"expansion": "thou (objective case thee, reflexive thysel, possessive determiner thy)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "pron",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Orkney Scots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
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{
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Shetland Scots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thou, you (2nd person singular subject pronoun, informal)"
],
"id": "en-thou-sco-pron-Vvb-O42e",
"links": [
[
"thou",
"thou#English"
],
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"qualifier": "archaic outside Orkney and Shetland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic outside Orkney and Shetland) thou, you (2nd person singular subject pronoun, informal)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "du"
},
{
"word": "thoo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ðu/"
},
{
"ipa": "/du/",
"tags": [
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"Shetland"
]
}
],
"word": "thou"
}
{
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"2": "enm",
"3": "þou"
},
"expansion": "Middle English þou",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þū",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English þou, from Old English þū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "pronoun"
},
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],
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
},
{
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"Entry maintenance"
],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yola pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "th'ast"
},
{
"word": "th'art"
},
{
"word": "yarthe"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Quoth thou; Says he.",
"ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 31:",
"text": "Co thou; Co he.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Thou liest if thou wast St. Finton, and St. Finton again.",
"ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 52:",
"text": "Thou leeesth if thou wasth Saan Vinteen, an Saan Vinteen agyne.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Go, make game about Forth, thou uncouth sloven.",
"ref": "1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:",
"text": "Go gaame abuth Forth, thou unket saalvache.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Thou never eatedst spiced bread, white palskes, (or) bride-cake.",
"ref": "1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:",
"text": "Thou ne'er eighthest buskès, whit palskès, breede-kaake.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "[Why didn't you come to us on some other day?]",
"ref": "1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 131:",
"text": "Fad didn'st thou cum t' ouz on zum other dey?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thou"
],
"id": "en-thou-yol-pron-9pw3TQtS",
"links": [
[
"thou",
"thou#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thee"
},
{
"word": "th'"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ðuː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ð/"
}
],
"word": "thou"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English conjunctions",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English grammar appendices",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English personal pronouns",
"English pronouns",
"English second person pronouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old Church Slavonic terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Aragonese translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Chavacano translations",
"Terms with Corsican translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Extremaduran translations",
"Terms with Fala translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Gallo translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Istro-Romanian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Karakhanid translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Ladin translations",
"Terms with Ladino translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Leonese translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Lü translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations",
"Terms with Middle French translations",
"Terms with Mirandese translations",
"Terms with Mozarabic translations",
"Terms with Navarro-Aragonese translations",
"Terms with Neapolitan translations",
"Terms with Nheengatu translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Thai translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ojibwe translations",
"Terms with Old Catalan translations",
"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old French translations",
"Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Old Irish translations",
"Terms with Old Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old Polish translations",
"Terms with Old Spanish translations",
"Terms with Old Turkic translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Picard translations",
"Terms with Polabian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Romansch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Sinhalese translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tunisian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Udihe translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Venetian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Wiradjuri translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Tunisian Arabic links with redundant target parameters",
"Tunisian Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
"en:Quakerism",
"en:Thousand"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "holier-than-thou"
},
{
"word": "how farest thou"
},
{
"word": "methinks thou dost protest too much"
},
{
"word": "thou'dst"
},
{
"word": "thou'lt"
},
{
"word": "thou'rt"
},
{
"word": "thou'st"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thou",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Northern England"
},
"expansion": "(Northern England)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "the latter three early Southwest England"
},
"expansion": "(the latter three early Southwest England)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þū"
},
"expansion": "Old English þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þū",
"t": "you (singular), thou"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þū (“you (singular), thou”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*túh₂",
"t": "you, thou"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you, thou”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "du",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian du (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "do",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian do (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "du"
},
"expansion": "Dutch du",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "doe",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish doe (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "du",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Low German du (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "du",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "German du (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "du",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Danish du (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "du",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Swedish du (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "tú",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Faroese tú (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þú",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic þú (“thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌿",
"t": "thou"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þu, “thou”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tu"
},
"expansion": "Latin tu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σύ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σύ (sú)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τύ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τύ (tú)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "εσύ"
},
"expansion": "Greek εσύ (esý)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "tu"
},
"expansion": "Irish tu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tu"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ty"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic ty",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ti"
},
"expansion": "Welsh ti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "դու"
},
"expansion": "Armenian դու (du)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ti"
},
"expansion": "Albanian ti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "تو"
},
"expansion": "Persian تو",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thou, tho, thogh, thoue, thouȝ, thow, thowe, tou, towe, thu, thue, thugh, tu, you (Northern England), ðhu, þeou, þeu, þou (the latter three early Southwest England), from Old English þū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū (“you (singular), thou”), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you, thou”).\ncognates and usage evolution\nThe English word is cognate with Saterland Frisian du (“thou”), West Frisian do (“thou”), dialectal Dutch du, dou, douw (“thou”), Limburgish doe (“thou”), Low German du (“thou”), German du (“thou”), Danish du (“thou”), Swedish du (“thou”), Faroese tú (“thou”), Icelandic þú (“thou”), Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þu, “thou”), Latin tu, Ancient Greek σύ (sú) (Doric Ancient Greek τύ (tú), Greek εσύ (esý)), Irish tu, Lithuanian tu, Old Church Slavonic ty, Welsh ti, Armenian դու (du), Albanian ti, Persian تو (to).\nThe informality of thou and its replacement by ye in formal situations date only to the 14th century and come from French influence, since French (as many European languages, but not Old English) uses the second-person plural (vous) instead of the second-person singular (tu) as a mark of politeness or respect.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ye",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thee",
"tags": [
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "thyself",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "thy",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "thine",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "thine",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"without-noun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"10": "thy",
"11": "or",
"12": "thine",
"13": "possessive pronoun",
"14": "thine",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "ye",
"5": "objective case",
"6": "thee",
"7": "reflexive",
"8": "thyself",
"9": "possessive determiner"
},
"expansion": "thou (plural ye, objective case thee, reflexive thyself, possessive determiner thy or thine, possessive pronoun thine)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "Ime"
},
{
"word": "me"
},
{
"word": "myselfmemysen"
},
{
"word": "mine"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic",
"before-vowel"
],
"word": "mymineme"
},
{
"word": "we"
},
{
"word": "us"
},
{
"word": "ourselvesourselfoursen"
},
{
"word": "ours"
},
{
"word": "our"
},
{
"word": "you"
},
{
"word": "yourselfyoursen"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "yoursyourn"
},
{
"word": "your"
},
{
"word": "thee"
},
{
"word": "thyselftheeselfthysen"
},
{
"word": "thine"
},
{
"tags": [
"before-vowel"
],
"word": "thythine"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "youye"
},
{
"word": "yourselves"
},
{
"word": "you ally'all you guys"
},
{
"word": "y'allselves"
},
{
"tags": [
"proscribed"
],
"word": "y'all's you guys' your guys'"
},
{
"tags": [
"nonstandard",
"proscribed"
],
"word": "y'all's your all's you guys' your guys'"
},
{
"word": "he"
},
{
"word": "him"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "himselfhisselfhissen"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "hishisn"
},
{
"word": "his"
},
{
"word": "she"
},
{
"word": "her"
},
{
"word": "herselfhersen"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "hershern"
},
{
"word": "ithit"
},
{
"word": "itselfhitself"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "itshis"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "itshishits"
},
{
"word": "they"
},
{
"word": "them"
},
{
"word": "themself"
},
{
"word": "themselves"
},
{
"word": "theirs"
},
{
"word": "their"
},
{
"word": "one"
},
{
"word": "oneself"
},
{
"word": "–"
},
{
"word": "one's"
},
{
"word": "themhem"
},
{
"word": "'em"
},
{
"word": "themselvestheirsen"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "theirstheirn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English literary terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Religion"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ephesians 5:14:",
"text": "[...] Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall giue thee light.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1742 April 4, Charles Wesley, A Sermon Preached on Sunday, April 4, 1742. Before the University of Oxford, London: Printed by J. Paramore, […], published 1783, →OCLC, page 10:",
"text": "Art thou in earnest about thy soul? and canst thou tell the Searcher of Hearts, Thou, O God, art the thing that I long for? Lord, Thou knowest all things, Thou knowest that I would love thee?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Four. The Last of the Spirits.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 137:",
"text": "Oh cold, cold, rigid, dreadful Death, set up thine altar here, and dress it with such terrors as thou hast at thy command: for this is thy dominion!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "you",
"word": "ye"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nominative singular of ye (“you”)."
],
"links": [
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"ye",
"ye#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, dialectal, literary, religion, or humorous) Nominative singular of ye (“you”)."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"form-of",
"humorous",
"literary",
"nominative",
"singular"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "thou"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðaʊ/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-thou.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg/En-us-thou.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ðuː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "du"
},
{
"word": "tha"
},
{
"word": "thoo"
},
{
"word": "thow"
},
{
"word": "thu"
},
{
"english": "Lancashire",
"tags": [
"Yorkshire"
],
"word": "tha"
},
{
"word": "thow"
},
{
"word": "thu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Scotland"
],
"word": "du"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔanta",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "أَنْتَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔanti",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "أَنْتِ"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ínta",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "انت"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ínti",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "انت"
},
{
"code": "aeb",
"lang": "Tunisian Arabic",
"roman": "ʔinti",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِنْتِ"
},
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "du",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "դու"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "toi",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "তই"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "tumi",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "তুমি আপুনি"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ty",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ты"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "tui",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "তুই"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ti",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ти"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "cbk",
"lang": "Chavacano",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nǐ",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "你"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"english": "to God",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nǐ",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "祢"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "爾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ěr",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "尔"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "rǔ",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "汝"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tù"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ty"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "te"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "du"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "gij"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "jij"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ci"
},
{
"code": "ext",
"lang": "Extremaduran",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tú"
},
{
"code": "fax",
"lang": "Fala",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tú"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "sinä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "frm",
"lang": "Middle French",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ti"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "roa-gal",
"lang": "Gallo",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šen",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "შენ"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "du"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "Du"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "þu",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "𐌸𐌿"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "sú",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "σύ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "atá",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אתה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "at",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "את"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "tum",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "तुम"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "tū",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "तू"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "te"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "þú"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "kamu"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tú"
},
{
"code": "ruo",
"lang": "Istro-Romanian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tú"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"alt": "きみ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kimi",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "君"
},
{
"alt": "なんじ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nanji",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "汝"
},
{
"alt": "おまえ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "omae",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "お前"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "anata",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "あなた"
},
{
"code": "xqa",
"lang": "Karakhanid",
"roman": "sen",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "سن"
},
{
"alt": "當身",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "dangsin",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "당신"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "neo",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "너"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ne",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "네"
},
{
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"roman": "tu",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "טו"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khun",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ຄຸນ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "thœ̄",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ເຖີ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "mư̄ng",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ມືງ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "roa-leo",
"lang": "Leonese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"roman": "xun",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ᦆᦳᧃ"
},
{
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"roman": "thoe",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ᦵᦒᦲ"
},
{
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"roman": "mueng",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ᦙᦹᧂ"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ti",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ти"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "engkau"
},
{
"code": "ruq",
"lang": "Megleno-Romanian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "mwl",
"lang": "Mirandese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "mxi",
"lang": "Mozarabic",
"roman": "tu",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ت"
},
{
"code": "roa-oan",
"lang": "Navarro-Aragonese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "yrl",
"lang": "Nheengatu",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "indé"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "nod",
"lang": "Northern Thai",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ᨤᩩᨶ"
},
{
"code": "nod",
"lang": "Northern Thai",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ᨮᩮᩬᩥ"
},
{
"code": "nod",
"lang": "Northern Thai",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ᨾᩨ᩠ᨦ"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "du"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "giin"
},
{
"code": "roa-oca",
"lang": "Old Catalan",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "ty",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "тꙑ"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "ty",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"Glagolitic"
],
"word": "ⱅⱏⰺ"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "þū"
},
{
"code": "sga",
"lang": "Old Irish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tú"
},
{
"code": "pro",
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "zlw-opl",
"lang": "Old Polish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ty"
},
{
"code": "roa-opt",
"lang": "Old Portuguese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "otk",
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"roman": "s²n²",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "𐰾𐰤"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "sen",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "سن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "to",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "تو"
},
{
"code": "pcd",
"lang": "Picard",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tåi"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ty"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tü"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ty",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ты"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tue"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "thoo"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "thu"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ти̑"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "tȋ"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "oyā",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ඔයා"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ty"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tí"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ty"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ty"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tú"
},
{
"code": "osp",
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "du"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kun",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "คุณ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "təə",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "เธอ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "mʉng",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "มึง"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "sen"
},
{
"code": "ude",
"lang": "Udihe",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "си"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ty",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ти"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "tum",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "تم"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "tū",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "تو"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ti"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "mày"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ngươi"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "mi"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ti"
},
{
"code": "wrh",
"lang": "Wiradjuri",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"word": "ngindu"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "du",
"sense": "singular nominative form of you",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "דו"
}
],
"word": "thou"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adverbs",
"English conjunctions",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English personal pronouns",
"English second person pronouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Danish translations",
"Requests for review of Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"en:Quakerism",
"en:Thousand"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thouen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thouen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "pronoun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English thouen, theu, thew, thou, thowe, thowen, thui, thuy (“to address (a person) with thou, particularly in a contemptuous or polite manner”), from the pronoun thou: see etymology 1 above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thous",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thouing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thoued",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thoued",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thou (third-person singular simple present thous, present participle thouing, simple past and past participle thoued)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "tutoy"
},
{
"word": "tutoyer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "you"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Don’t thou them as thous thee! – a Yorkshire English admonition to overly familiar children",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1530, “Hickscorner”, in W[illiam] Carew Hazlitt, editor, A Select Collection of Old English Plays. Originally Published by Robert Dodsley in the Year 1744. […], 4th edition, volume I, London: Reeves and Turner, […], published 1874, page 180:",
"text": "Avaunt, caitiff, dost thou thou me! / I am come of good kin, I tell thee! / My mother was a lady of the stews' blood born, / And (knight of the halter) my father ware an horn; / Therefore I take it in full great scorn, / That thou shouldest thus check me.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 266:",
"text": "[T]aunt him with the licenſe of Inke: if thou thou'ſt him some thrice, it ſhall not be amiſſe, and as many Lyes, as will lye in thy ſheete of paper, although the ſheete were bigge enough for the bedde of Ware in England, ſet 'em downe, go about it.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1603 November 27, “The Tryal of Sir Walter Raleigh Kt. at Winton, on Thursday the 17th of November, Anno. Dom. 1603. in the First Year of King James the First”, in [Thomas Salmon], editor, A Compleat Collection of State-Tryals, and Proceedings upon Impeachment for High Treason, and Other Crimes and Misdemeanours; […] In Four Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for Timothy Goodwin, […]; John Walthoe […]; Benj[amin] Tooke […]; John Darby […]; Jacob Tonson […]; and John Walthoe Jun. […], published 1719, →OCLC, page 177, column 2:",
"text": "Attorney. [Edward Coke, Attorney General for England and Wales] All that he [Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham] did was by thy Inſtigation, thou viper; for I thou thee, thou Traitor. / Raleigh. [Walter Raleigh] It becometh not a Man of Quality and Virtue, to call me ſo: But I take comfort in it, it is all you can do.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1677, William Gibson, “An Answer to John Cheyney’s Pamphlet Entituled The Shibboleth of Quakerism”, in The Life of God, which is the Light and Salvation of Men, Exalted: […], [London]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 134:",
"text": "What! doſt thou not believe that God's Thouing and Theeing was and is ſound Speech? [...] And Theeing & Thouing of one ſingle Perſon was the language of Chriſt Jeſus, and the Holy Prophets and Apoſtles both under the Diſpenſations of Law and Goſpel, [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1755, [Voltaire [pseudonym; François-Marie Arouet]], “Ferdinand III. Forty-seventh Emperor.”, in Annals of the Empire from the Reign of Charlemagne […] In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 257:",
"text": "The emperors before Rodolphus I. ſent all their mandates in Latin, thouing every prince, as the grammar of that language allows. This thouing of the counts of the empire was continued in the German language which diſallows ſuch expreſſions.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1811, Miguel Cervantes de Saavedra, “Of Matters Relating and Appertaining to this Adventure, and to this Memorable History”, in Charles Jarvis, transl., The Life and Exploits of Don Quixote de la Mancha. Translated from the Spanish [...] In Four Volumes, volume IV, London: Printed [by Harding & Wright] for Lackington, Allen, and Co. [et al.], →OCLC, part II, book III, pages 57–58:",
"text": "Unfortunate we the duennas! though we descended in a direct male-line from Hector of Troy, our mistresses will never forbear \"thouing\" us, were they to be made queens for it.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1888, Rudyard Kipling, “On the City Wall”, in In Black and White (A. H. Wheeler & Co.’s Indian Railway Library; no. 3), 5th edition, Allahabad: Messrs. A. H. Wheeler & Co.; London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, Ld., […], published 1890, →OCLC, page 91:",
"text": "\"One service more, Sahib, since thou hast come so opportunely,\" said Lalun. \"Wilt thou\"–it is very nice to be thou-ed by Lalun–\"take this old man across the City—the troops are everywhere, and they might hurt him for he is old—to the Kumharsen Gate?[\"]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1917, Russell Osborne Stidston, “Inferiors to Superiors”, in The Use of Ye in the Function of Thou in Middle English Literature from Ms. Auchinleck to Ms. Vernon: A Study of Grammar and Social Intercourse in Fourteenth-century England: […], Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University, →OCLC, section 1 (The Higher Classes to Royalty), page 22:",
"text": "In Guy a duke in council thous his emperor [...] In Bevis the earl addresses the emperor of Almaine [...] while the young son of the family, Bevis, thous him not only as his father's murderer [...], but even when he is pretending friendship for him [...].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity."
],
"links": [
[
"address",
"address#Verb"
],
[
"pronoun",
"pronoun"
],
[
"thou",
"#Pronoun"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
],
[
"contempt",
"contempt"
],
[
"familiarity",
"familiarity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thee"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "you"
}
],
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Julian Dibbell, chapter 5, in Play Money: Or, How I Quit My Day Job and Made Millions Trading Virtual Loot, New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, →ISBN:",
"text": "The hardcore role-players will wake up one day feeling, like a dead weight on their chest, the strain of endless texting in Renaissance Faire English—yet dutifully go on theeing and thouing all the same.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, David R. Keeston [pseudonym; Alan D. Jenkins], “Seeing God in the Ordinary”, in The Hitch Hikers’ Guide to the Gospel, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 39:",
"text": "You want to hear the word of God, and be challenged to go out and change the world. Instead, you are, for the fifth Sunday in a row, mewling on about purple-headed mountains (which is a bit of an imaginative stretch, since you live in East Anglia) and \"theeing\" and \"thouing\" all over the place.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To use the word thou."
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"word",
"word#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To use the word thou."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thee"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "thou",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ðaʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-thou.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg/En-us-thou.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tutiar"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "týkacʹ",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ты́каць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "govorja na ti",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "говоря на ти"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tutejar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tykat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "sige du"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tutoyeren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "jijen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "jouen"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "sinatama"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "túa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "sinutella"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tutoyer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "duzen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"note": "μιλώ στον ενικό (miló ston enikó, literally “speak in the singular”)",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tegez"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "þúa"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tutear"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "dare del tu"
},
{
"alt": "よびすてにする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yobisute ni suru",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "呼び捨てにする"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "neo-rago bureuda",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "너라고 부르다"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tujinti"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "berengkau"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "si 'du'"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tutejar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mówić na ty"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tykać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tutear"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tratar por tu"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "a tutui"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "týkatʹ",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ты́кать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "týknutʹ",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ты́кнуть"
},
{
"alt": "obraščátʹsja na «ty»",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обраща́ться на «ты»"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ти́кати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "говорити ти"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tíkati"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "govoriti ti"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tykať"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tíkati"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tykaś"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tykać"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "tutear"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "dua"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"word": "sen"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "týkaty",
"sense": "to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ти́кати"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to use the word thou",
"word": "tutoyeren"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to use the word thou",
"word": "tutoyer"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to use the word thou",
"word": "þúa"
}
],
"word": "thou"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adverbs",
"English clippings",
"English conjunctions",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English personal pronouns",
"English second person pronouns",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable",
"en:Quakerism",
"en:Thousand"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thousandth",
"3": "thou(sandth)"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of thou(sandth)",
"name": "clipping"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of thou(sandth).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thous",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thou (plural thous)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1946 November and December, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 344:",
"text": "But to continue, \"At Horwich they had gone all scientific, and talked in 'thous.,' though apparently some of their work was to the nearest half-inch. […].\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1984, Robert D. Adams, William C. Wake, “Surface Preparation”, in Structural Adhesive Joints in Engineering, Barking, Essex: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, published 1986, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 220–221:",
"text": "All these methods remove metal and can, in fact, remove a few thou from the surface. For accurately machined parts, therefore, none of these methods are suitable but wet blasting with a fine alumina which gives a polishing–cleaning action may be operated within the required tolerances.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Mike Bishop, Vern Tardel, “Bells and Whistles”, in How to Build a Traditional Ford Hot Rod, revised edition, Osceola, Wis.: MBI Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 131, column 2:",
"text": "Make no mistake, we’re talking about some major repositioning; the rear ends of the cones didn’t move just a few thou’ or even 1/4 or 1/2 inch in one direction. These beauties moved around big time.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A unit of length equal to one-thousandth of an inch (25.4 µm)."
],
"links": [
[
"unit",
"unit"
],
[
"length",
"length"
],
[
"equal",
"equal#Adjective"
],
[
"one",
"one"
],
[
"thousandth",
"thousandth"
],
[
"inch",
"inch#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British) A unit of length equal to one-thousandth of an inch (25.4 µm)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "mil"
}
],
"tags": [
"British"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "thou",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θaʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thou (number).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ"
}
],
"word": "thou"
}
{
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"English clippings",
"English conjunctions",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English personal pronouns",
"English second person pronouns",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
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"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable",
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{
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"2": "thousand",
"3": "thou(sand)"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of thou(sand)",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of thou(sand).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thou",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thou"
},
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1977, Larry Pointer, “Belle Fourche”, in In Search of Butch Cassidy (Red River Books), Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1988, →ISBN, page 132:",
"text": "Butch [Cassidy] gave him 3 thous in cash 1 thous for the lawyer another thous if the lawyer wins & 1 thous for Tom O'Day.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Don Winslow, chapter 58, in California Fire and Life, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN; 1st Vintage Crime/Black Lizard edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, September 2007, →ISBN, page 169:",
"text": "He has a few thou in the account, enough to make your everyday living expenses, not enough to keep current with the bigger bills.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000 November, Sheri S[tewart] Tepper, “Benita”, in The Fresco, New York, N.Y.: Eos, HarperCollins, →ISBN; 1st Eos paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Eos, HarperCollins, February 2002, →ISBN, page 17:",
"text": "Well, we'll need a few thou, Carlos. Got to get together a few thou first. For rent, you know. Rent and making contacts with artists, all that.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thousand, especially a thousand of some currency (dollars, pounds sterling, etc.)."
],
"links": [
[
"thousand",
"thousand"
],
[
"currency",
"currency"
],
[
"dollar",
"dollar"
],
[
"pounds sterling",
"pound sterling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A thousand, especially a thousand of some currency (dollars, pounds sterling, etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "thou",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θaʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ"
}
],
"word": "thou"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adverbs",
"English conjunctions",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English personal pronouns",
"English second person pronouns",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Quakerism",
"en:Thousand"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_text": "See though.",
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
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},
"expansion": "thou (not comparable)",
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "though"
}
],
"categories": [
"English misspellings"
],
"glosses": [
"Misspelling of though."
],
"links": [
[
"though",
"though#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"misspelling",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"enpr": "thō",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ðəʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "thō",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"General-American"
]
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"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"Misspelling of though."
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"links": [
[
"though",
"though#English"
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],
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}
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},
{
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]
},
{
"enpr": "thō",
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},
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"word": "thou"
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{
"forms": [
{
"form": "the",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "thy",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
},
{
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"pronoun",
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}
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"8": "thyn"
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"expansion": "thou (objective the, possessive determiner thy, possessive pronoun thyn)",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
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"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
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],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of þou"
],
"links": [
[
"þou",
"þou#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "thou"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "þou"
},
"expansion": "Middle English þou",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þū"
},
"expansion": "Old English þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*túh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "you"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English þou, from Old English þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thee",
"tags": [
"objective"
]
},
{
"form": "thysel",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "thy",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "objective case",
"4": "thee",
"5": "reflexive",
"6": "thysel",
"7": "possessive determiner",
"8": "thy"
},
"expansion": "thou (objective case thee, reflexive thysel, possessive determiner thy)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Orkney Scots",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots pronouns",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old English",
"Scots terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Scots terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Scots terms inherited from Old English",
"Scots terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Scots terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Scots terms with archaic senses",
"Shetland Scots"
],
"glosses": [
"thou, you (2nd person singular subject pronoun, informal)"
],
"links": [
[
"thou",
"thou#English"
],
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"qualifier": "archaic outside Orkney and Shetland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic outside Orkney and Shetland) thou, you (2nd person singular subject pronoun, informal)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ðu/"
},
{
"ipa": "/du/",
"tags": [
"Orkney",
"Shetland"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "du"
},
{
"word": "thoo"
}
],
"word": "thou"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "th'ast"
},
{
"word": "th'art"
},
{
"word": "yarthe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "enm",
"3": "þou"
},
"expansion": "Middle English þou",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þū"
},
"expansion": "Old English þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þū",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English þou, from Old English þū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "thou",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"Yola lemmas",
"Yola pronouns",
"Yola terms derived from Middle English",
"Yola terms derived from Old English",
"Yola terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Yola terms inherited from Middle English",
"Yola terms inherited from Old English",
"Yola terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Yola terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Quoth thou; Says he.",
"ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 31:",
"text": "Co thou; Co he.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Thou liest if thou wast St. Finton, and St. Finton again.",
"ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 52:",
"text": "Thou leeesth if thou wasth Saan Vinteen, an Saan Vinteen agyne.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Go, make game about Forth, thou uncouth sloven.",
"ref": "1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:",
"text": "Go gaame abuth Forth, thou unket saalvache.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Thou never eatedst spiced bread, white palskes, (or) bride-cake.",
"ref": "1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:",
"text": "Thou ne'er eighthest buskès, whit palskès, breede-kaake.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "[Why didn't you come to us on some other day?]",
"ref": "1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 131:",
"text": "Fad didn'st thou cum t' ouz on zum other dey?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thou"
],
"links": [
[
"thou",
"thou#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thee"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ðuː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ð/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "th'"
}
],
"word": "thou"
}
Download raw JSONL data for thou meaning in All languages combined (59.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": apuni vs. tumi",
"path": [
"thou"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Danish: 'sige du', originally 'sige du'",
"path": [
"thou"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "thou/English/pron: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English grammar appendices\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Old Church Slavonic terms in nonstandard scripts\", \"Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Aragonese translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Aromanian translations\", \"Terms with Assamese translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Chavacano translations\", \"Terms with Corsican translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Extremaduran translations\", \"Terms with Fala translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Gallo translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Gothic translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Istro-Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Karakhanid translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Ladin translations\", \"Terms with Ladino translations\", \"Terms with Lao translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Leonese translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Lü translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Middle French translations\", \"Terms with Mirandese translations\", \"Terms with Mozarabic translations\", \"Terms with Navarro-Aragonese translations\", \"Terms with Neapolitan translations\", \"Terms with Nheengatu translations\", \"Terms with Norman translations\", \"Terms with Northern Thai translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Ojibwe translations\", \"Terms with Old Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations\", \"Terms with Old English translations\", \"Terms with Old French translations\", \"Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Old Irish translations\", \"Terms with Old Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Old Polish translations\", \"Terms with Old Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Old Turkic translations\", \"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Picard translations\", \"Terms with Polabian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Romansch translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Scots translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Sinhalese translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Tunisian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Udihe translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Urdu translations\", \"Terms with Venetian translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"Terms with Wiradjuri translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"Tunisian Arabic links with redundant target parameters\", \"Tunisian Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"holier-than-thou\"}, {\"word\": \"how farest thou\"}, {\"word\": \"methinks thou dost protest too much\"}, {\"word\": \"thou'dst\"}, {\"word\": \"thou'lt\"}, {\"word\": \"thou'rt\"}, {\"word\": \"thou'st\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English thou\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Northern England\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Northern England)\", \"name\": \"qualifier\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"the latter three early Southwest England\"}, \"expansion\": \"(the latter three early Southwest England)\", \"name\": \"qualifier\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"þū\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English þū\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*þū\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *þū\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*þū\", \"t\": \"you (singular), thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *þū (“you (singular), thou”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*túh₂\", \"t\": \"you, thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you, thou”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"du\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian du (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"do\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian do (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"du\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch du\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"li\", \"2\": \"doe\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Limburgish doe (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds\", \"2\": \"du\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Low German du (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"du\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"German du (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"da\", \"2\": \"du\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Danish du (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"du\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish du (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fo\", \"2\": \"tú\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Faroese tú (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"is\", \"2\": \"þú\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Icelandic þú (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"got\", \"2\": \"𐌸𐌿\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þu, “thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"tu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin tu\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"grc\", \"2\": \"σύ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek σύ (sú)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"grc\", \"2\": \"τύ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek τύ (tú)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"el\", \"2\": \"εσύ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Greek εσύ (esý)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ga\", \"2\": \"tu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Irish tu\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"lt\", \"2\": \"tu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lithuanian tu\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"cu\", \"2\": \"ty\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Church Slavonic ty\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"cy\", \"2\": \"ti\"}, \"expansion\": \"Welsh ti\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"hy\", \"2\": \"դու\"}, \"expansion\": \"Armenian դու (du)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"ti\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian ti\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fa\", \"2\": \"تو\"}, \"expansion\": \"Persian تو\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"¹\", \"name\": \"sup\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"¹\", \"name\": \"sup\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English thou, tho, thogh, thoue, thouȝ, thow, thowe, tou, towe, thu, thue, thugh, tu, you (Northern England), ðhu, þeou, þeu, þou (the latter three early Southwest England), from Old English þū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū (“you (singular), thou”), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you, thou”).\\ncognates and usage evolution\\nThe English word is cognate with Saterland Frisian du (“thou”), West Frisian do (“thou”), dialectal Dutch du, dou, douw (“thou”), Limburgish doe (“thou”), Low German du (“thou”), German du (“thou”), Danish du (“thou”), Swedish du (“thou”), Faroese tú (“thou”), Icelandic þú (“thou”), Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þu, “thou”), Latin tu, Ancient Greek σύ (sú) (Doric Ancient Greek τύ (tú), Greek εσύ (esý)), Irish tu, Lithuanian tu, Old Church Slavonic ty, Welsh ti, Armenian դու (du), Albanian ti, Persian تو (to).\\nThe informality of thou and its replacement by ye in formal situations date only to the 14th century and come from French influence, since French (as many European languages, but not Old English) uses the second-person plural (vous) instead of the second-person singular (tu) as a mark of politeness or respect.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"ye\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"thee\", \"tags\": [\"objective\"]}, {\"form\": \"thyself\", \"tags\": [\"reflexive\"]}, {\"form\": \"thy\", \"tags\": [\"determiner\", \"possessive\"]}, {\"form\": \"thine\", \"tags\": [\"determiner\", \"possessive\"]}, {\"form\": \"thine\", \"tags\": [\"possessive\", \"pronoun\", \"without-noun\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"10\": \"thy\", \"11\": \"or\", \"12\": \"thine\", \"13\": \"possessive pronoun\", \"14\": \"thine\", \"2\": \"pronoun\", \"3\": \"plural\", \"4\": \"ye\", \"5\": \"objective case\", \"6\": \"thee\", \"7\": \"reflexive\", \"8\": \"thyself\", \"9\": \"possessive determiner\"}, \"expansion\": \"thou (plural ye, objective case thee, reflexive thyself, possessive determiner thy or thine, possessive pronoun thine)\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"pron\", \"related\": [{\"tags\": [\"colloquial\"], \"word\": \"Ime\"}, {\"word\": \"me\"}, {\"word\": \"myselfmemysen\"}, {\"word\": \"mine\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"before-vowel\"], \"word\": \"mymineme\"}, {\"word\": \"we\"}, {\"word\": \"us\"}, {\"word\": \"ourselvesourselfoursen\"}, {\"word\": \"ours\"}, {\"word\": \"our\"}, {\"word\": \"you\"}, {\"word\": \"yourselfyoursen\"}, {\"tags\": [\"dialectal\", \"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"yoursyourn\"}, {\"word\": \"your\"}, {\"word\": \"thee\"}, {\"word\": \"thyselftheeselfthysen\"}, {\"word\": \"thine\"}, {\"tags\": [\"before-vowel\"], \"word\": \"thythine\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"youye\"}, {\"word\": \"yourselves\"}, {\"word\": \"you ally'all you guys\"}, {\"word\": \"y'allselves\"}, {\"tags\": [\"proscribed\"], \"word\": \"y'all's you guys' your guys'\"}, {\"tags\": [\"nonstandard\", \"proscribed\"], \"word\": \"y'all's your all's you guys' your guys'\"}, {\"word\": \"he\"}, {\"word\": \"him\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"himselfhisselfhissen\"}, {\"tags\": [\"dialectal\", \"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"hishisn\"}, {\"word\": \"his\"}, {\"word\": \"she\"}, {\"word\": \"her\"}, {\"word\": \"herselfhersen\"}, {\"tags\": [\"dialectal\", \"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"hershern\"}, {\"word\": \"ithit\"}, {\"word\": \"itselfhitself\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"itshis\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"itshishits\"}, {\"word\": \"they\"}, {\"word\": \"them\"}, {\"word\": \"themself\"}, {\"word\": \"themselves\"}, {\"word\": \"theirs\"}, {\"word\": \"their\"}, {\"word\": \"one\"}, {\"word\": \"oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"–\"}, {\"word\": \"one's\"}, {\"word\": \"themhem\"}, {\"word\": \"'em\"}, {\"word\": \"themselvestheirsen\"}, {\"tags\": [\"dialectal\", \"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"theirstheirn\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English dialectal terms\", \"English literary terms\", \"English terms with archaic senses\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Religion\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ephesians 5:14:\", \"text\": \"[...] Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall giue thee light.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1742 April 4, Charles Wesley, A Sermon Preached on Sunday, April 4, 1742. Before the University of Oxford, London: Printed by J. Paramore, […], published 1783, →OCLC, page 10:\", \"text\": \"Art thou in earnest about thy soul? and canst thou tell the Searcher of Hearts, Thou, O God, art the thing that I long for? Lord, Thou knowest all things, Thou knowest that I would love thee?\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Four. The Last of the Spirits.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 137:\", \"text\": \"Oh cold, cold, rigid, dreadful Death, set up thine altar here, and dress it with such terrors as thou hast at thy command: for this is thy dominion!\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"form_of\": [{\"extra\": \"you\", \"word\": \"ye\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Nominative singular of ye (“you”).\"], \"links\": [[\"religion\", \"religion\"], [\"humorous\", \"humorous\"], [\"ye\", \"ye#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, dialectal, literary, religion, or humorous) Nominative singular of ye (“you”).\"], \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"dialectal\", \"form-of\", \"humorous\", \"literary\", \"nominative\", \"singular\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"religion\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thou\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðaʊ/\"}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-thou.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg/En-us-thou.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aʊ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðuː/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"du\"}, {\"word\": \"tha\"}, {\"word\": \"thoo\"}, {\"word\": \"thow\"}, {\"word\": \"thu\"}, {\"english\": \"Lancashire\", \"tags\": [\"Yorkshire\"], \"word\": \"tha\"}, {\"word\": \"thow\"}, {\"word\": \"thu\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Scotland\"], \"word\": \"du\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʔanta\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"أَنْتَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʔanti\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"أَنْتِ\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ínta\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"انت\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ínti\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"انت\"}, {\"code\": \"aeb\", \"lang\": \"Tunisian Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʔinti\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"اِنْتِ\"}, {\"code\": \"an\", \"lang\": \"Aragonese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"du\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"դու\"}, {\"code\": \"rup\", \"lang\": \"Aromanian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"as\", \"lang\": \"Assamese\", \"roman\": \"toi\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"তই\"}, {\"code\": \"as\", \"lang\": \"Assamese\", \"roman\": \"tumi\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"তুমি আপুনি\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"ty\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ты\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"tui\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"তুই\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ti\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ти\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"cbk\", \"lang\": \"Chavacano\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"nǐ\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"你\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"english\": \"to God\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"nǐ\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"祢\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"爾\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ěr\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"尔\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"rǔ\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"汝\"}, {\"code\": \"co\", \"lang\": \"Corsican\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tù\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ty\"}, {\"code\": \"dlm\", \"lang\": \"Dalmatian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"te\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"du\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"dialectal\"], \"word\": \"gij\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"jij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ci\"}, {\"code\": \"ext\", \"lang\": \"Extremaduran\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tú\"}, {\"code\": \"fax\", \"lang\": \"Fala\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tú\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"sinä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"frm\", \"lang\": \"Middle French\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"fro\", \"lang\": \"Old French\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ti\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"roa-gal\", \"lang\": \"Gallo\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"šen\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"შენ\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"du\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"Du\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þu\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"𐌸𐌿\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"sú\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"σύ\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"atá\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"אתה\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"at\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"את\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tum\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"तुम\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tū\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"तू\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"te\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"þú\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"kamu\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tú\"}, {\"code\": \"ruo\", \"lang\": \"Istro-Romanian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tú\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"alt\": \"きみ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"kimi\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"君\"}, {\"alt\": \"なんじ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"nanji\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"汝\"}, {\"alt\": \"おまえ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"omae\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"お前\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"anata\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"あなた\"}, {\"code\": \"xqa\", \"lang\": \"Karakhanid\", \"roman\": \"sen\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"سن\"}, {\"alt\": \"當身\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"dangsin\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"당신\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"neo\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"너\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"ne\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"네\"}, {\"code\": \"lld\", \"lang\": \"Ladin\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"lad\", \"lang\": \"Ladino\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"lad\", \"lang\": \"Ladino\", \"roman\": \"tu\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"טו\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"khun\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ຄຸນ\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"thœ̄\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ເຖີ\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"mư̄ng\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ມືງ\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"roa-leo\", \"lang\": \"Leonese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"khb\", \"lang\": \"Lü\", \"roman\": \"xun\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ᦆᦳᧃ\"}, {\"code\": \"khb\", \"lang\": \"Lü\", \"roman\": \"thoe\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ᦵᦒᦲ\"}, {\"code\": \"khb\", \"lang\": \"Lü\", \"roman\": \"mueng\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ᦙᦹᧂ\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"ti\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ти\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"engkau\"}, {\"code\": \"ruq\", \"lang\": \"Megleno-Romanian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"mwl\", \"lang\": \"Mirandese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"mxi\", \"lang\": \"Mozarabic\", \"roman\": \"tu\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ت\"}, {\"code\": \"roa-oan\", \"lang\": \"Navarro-Aragonese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"yrl\", \"lang\": \"Nheengatu\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"indé\"}, {\"code\": \"nap\", \"lang\": \"Neapolitan\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"nod\", \"lang\": \"Northern Thai\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ᨤᩩᨶ\"}, {\"code\": \"nod\", \"lang\": \"Northern Thai\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ᨮᩮᩬᩥ\"}, {\"code\": \"nod\", \"lang\": \"Northern Thai\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ᨾᩨ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"du\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"oj\", \"lang\": \"Ojibwe\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"giin\"}, {\"code\": \"roa-oca\", \"lang\": \"Old Catalan\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"cu\", \"lang\": \"Church Slavic\", \"roman\": \"ty\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"тꙑ\"}, {\"code\": \"cu\", \"lang\": \"Church Slavic\", \"roman\": \"ty\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"Glagolitic\"], \"word\": \"ⱅⱏⰺ\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"þū\"}, {\"code\": \"sga\", \"lang\": \"Old Irish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tú\"}, {\"code\": \"pro\", \"lang\": \"Old Occitan\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"zlw-opl\", \"lang\": \"Old Polish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ty\"}, {\"code\": \"roa-opt\", \"lang\": \"Old Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"otk\", \"lang\": \"Old Turkic\", \"roman\": \"s²n²\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"𐰾𐰤\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"sen\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"سن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"to\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"تو\"}, {\"code\": \"pcd\", \"lang\": \"Picard\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"pox\", \"lang\": \"Polabian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tåi\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ty\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tü\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ty\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ты\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tue\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"thoo\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"thu\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"ти̑\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"tȋ\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"si\", \"lang\": \"Sinhalese\", \"roman\": \"oyā\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ඔයා\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ty\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tí\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ty\"}, {\"code\": \"hsb\", \"lang\": \"Upper Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ty\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tú\"}, {\"code\": \"osp\", \"lang\": \"Old Spanish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"du\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kun\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"คุณ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"təə\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"เธอ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"mʉng\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"มึง\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"sen\"}, {\"code\": \"ude\", \"lang\": \"Udihe\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"си\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"ty\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ти\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tum\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"تم\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tū\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"تو\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ti\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"mày\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ngươi\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"mi\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ti\"}, {\"code\": \"wrh\", \"lang\": \"Wiradjuri\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ngindu\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"du\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"דו\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "pron",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "thou/English/pron: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English grammar appendices\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Old Church Slavonic terms in nonstandard scripts\", \"Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Aragonese translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Aromanian translations\", \"Terms with Assamese translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Chavacano translations\", \"Terms with Corsican translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Extremaduran translations\", \"Terms with Fala translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Gallo translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Gothic translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Istro-Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Karakhanid translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Ladin translations\", \"Terms with Ladino translations\", \"Terms with Lao translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Leonese translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Lü translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Middle French translations\", \"Terms with Mirandese translations\", \"Terms with Mozarabic translations\", \"Terms with Navarro-Aragonese translations\", \"Terms with Neapolitan translations\", \"Terms with Nheengatu translations\", \"Terms with Norman translations\", \"Terms with Northern Thai translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Ojibwe translations\", \"Terms with Old Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations\", \"Terms with Old English translations\", \"Terms with Old French translations\", \"Terms with Old Galician-Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Old Irish translations\", \"Terms with Old Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Old Polish translations\", \"Terms with Old Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Old Turkic translations\", \"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Picard translations\", \"Terms with Polabian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Romansch translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Scots translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Sinhalese translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Tunisian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Udihe translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Urdu translations\", \"Terms with Venetian translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"Terms with Wiradjuri translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"Tunisian Arabic links with redundant target parameters\", \"Tunisian Arabic terms with redundant script codes\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"holier-than-thou\"}, {\"word\": \"how farest thou\"}, {\"word\": \"methinks thou dost protest too much\"}, {\"word\": \"thou'dst\"}, {\"word\": \"thou'lt\"}, {\"word\": \"thou'rt\"}, {\"word\": \"thou'st\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English thou\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Northern England\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Northern England)\", \"name\": \"qualifier\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"the latter three early Southwest England\"}, \"expansion\": \"(the latter three early Southwest England)\", \"name\": \"qualifier\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"þū\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English þū\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*þū\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *þū\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*þū\", \"t\": \"you (singular), thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *þū (“you (singular), thou”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*túh₂\", \"t\": \"you, thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you, thou”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"stq\", \"2\": \"du\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Saterland Frisian du (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fy\", \"2\": \"do\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"West Frisian do (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"du\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch du\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"li\", \"2\": \"doe\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Limburgish doe (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nds\", \"2\": \"du\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Low German du (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"du\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"German du (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"da\", \"2\": \"du\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Danish du (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"du\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish du (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fo\", \"2\": \"tú\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Faroese tú (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"is\", \"2\": \"þú\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Icelandic þú (“thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"got\", \"2\": \"𐌸𐌿\", \"t\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þu, “thou”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"tu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin tu\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"grc\", \"2\": \"σύ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek σύ (sú)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"grc\", \"2\": \"τύ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek τύ (tú)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"el\", \"2\": \"εσύ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Greek εσύ (esý)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ga\", \"2\": \"tu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Irish tu\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"lt\", \"2\": \"tu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lithuanian tu\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"cu\", \"2\": \"ty\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Church Slavonic ty\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"cy\", \"2\": \"ti\"}, \"expansion\": \"Welsh ti\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"hy\", \"2\": \"դու\"}, \"expansion\": \"Armenian դու (du)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sq\", \"2\": \"ti\"}, \"expansion\": \"Albanian ti\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fa\", \"2\": \"تو\"}, \"expansion\": \"Persian تو\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"¹\", \"name\": \"sup\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"¹\", \"name\": \"sup\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English thou, tho, thogh, thoue, thouȝ, thow, thowe, tou, towe, thu, thue, thugh, tu, you (Northern England), ðhu, þeou, þeu, þou (the latter three early Southwest England), from Old English þū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū (“you (singular), thou”), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you, thou”).\\ncognates and usage evolution\\nThe English word is cognate with Saterland Frisian du (“thou”), West Frisian do (“thou”), dialectal Dutch du, dou, douw (“thou”), Limburgish doe (“thou”), Low German du (“thou”), German du (“thou”), Danish du (“thou”), Swedish du (“thou”), Faroese tú (“thou”), Icelandic þú (“thou”), Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þu, “thou”), Latin tu, Ancient Greek σύ (sú) (Doric Ancient Greek τύ (tú), Greek εσύ (esý)), Irish tu, Lithuanian tu, Old Church Slavonic ty, Welsh ti, Armenian դու (du), Albanian ti, Persian تو (to).\\nThe informality of thou and its replacement by ye in formal situations date only to the 14th century and come from French influence, since French (as many European languages, but not Old English) uses the second-person plural (vous) instead of the second-person singular (tu) as a mark of politeness or respect.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"ye\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"thee\", \"tags\": [\"objective\"]}, {\"form\": \"thyself\", \"tags\": [\"reflexive\"]}, {\"form\": \"thy\", \"tags\": [\"determiner\", \"possessive\"]}, {\"form\": \"thine\", \"tags\": [\"determiner\", \"possessive\"]}, {\"form\": \"thine\", \"tags\": [\"possessive\", \"pronoun\", \"without-noun\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"10\": \"thy\", \"11\": \"or\", \"12\": \"thine\", \"13\": \"possessive pronoun\", \"14\": \"thine\", \"2\": \"pronoun\", \"3\": \"plural\", \"4\": \"ye\", \"5\": \"objective case\", \"6\": \"thee\", \"7\": \"reflexive\", \"8\": \"thyself\", \"9\": \"possessive determiner\"}, \"expansion\": \"thou (plural ye, objective case thee, reflexive thyself, possessive determiner thy or thine, possessive pronoun thine)\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"pron\", \"related\": [{\"tags\": [\"colloquial\"], \"word\": \"Ime\"}, {\"word\": \"me\"}, {\"word\": \"myselfmemysen\"}, {\"word\": \"mine\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"before-vowel\"], \"word\": \"mymineme\"}, {\"word\": \"we\"}, {\"word\": \"us\"}, {\"word\": \"ourselvesourselfoursen\"}, {\"word\": \"ours\"}, {\"word\": \"our\"}, {\"word\": \"you\"}, {\"word\": \"yourselfyoursen\"}, {\"tags\": [\"dialectal\", \"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"yoursyourn\"}, {\"word\": \"your\"}, {\"word\": \"thee\"}, {\"word\": \"thyselftheeselfthysen\"}, {\"word\": \"thine\"}, {\"tags\": [\"before-vowel\"], \"word\": \"thythine\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"youye\"}, {\"word\": \"yourselves\"}, {\"word\": \"you ally'all you guys\"}, {\"word\": \"y'allselves\"}, {\"tags\": [\"proscribed\"], \"word\": \"y'all's you guys' your guys'\"}, {\"tags\": [\"nonstandard\", \"proscribed\"], \"word\": \"y'all's your all's you guys' your guys'\"}, {\"word\": \"he\"}, {\"word\": \"him\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"himselfhisselfhissen\"}, {\"tags\": [\"dialectal\", \"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"hishisn\"}, {\"word\": \"his\"}, {\"word\": \"she\"}, {\"word\": \"her\"}, {\"word\": \"herselfhersen\"}, {\"tags\": [\"dialectal\", \"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"hershern\"}, {\"word\": \"ithit\"}, {\"word\": \"itselfhitself\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"itshis\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"itshishits\"}, {\"word\": \"they\"}, {\"word\": \"them\"}, {\"word\": \"themself\"}, {\"word\": \"themselves\"}, {\"word\": \"theirs\"}, {\"word\": \"their\"}, {\"word\": \"one\"}, {\"word\": \"oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"–\"}, {\"word\": \"one's\"}, {\"word\": \"themhem\"}, {\"word\": \"'em\"}, {\"word\": \"themselvestheirsen\"}, {\"tags\": [\"dialectal\", \"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"theirstheirn\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English dialectal terms\", \"English literary terms\", \"English terms with archaic senses\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Religion\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ephesians 5:14:\", \"text\": \"[...] Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall giue thee light.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1742 April 4, Charles Wesley, A Sermon Preached on Sunday, April 4, 1742. Before the University of Oxford, London: Printed by J. Paramore, […], published 1783, →OCLC, page 10:\", \"text\": \"Art thou in earnest about thy soul? and canst thou tell the Searcher of Hearts, Thou, O God, art the thing that I long for? Lord, Thou knowest all things, Thou knowest that I would love thee?\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Four. The Last of the Spirits.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 137:\", \"text\": \"Oh cold, cold, rigid, dreadful Death, set up thine altar here, and dress it with such terrors as thou hast at thy command: for this is thy dominion!\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"form_of\": [{\"extra\": \"you\", \"word\": \"ye\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Nominative singular of ye (“you”).\"], \"links\": [[\"religion\", \"religion\"], [\"humorous\", \"humorous\"], [\"ye\", \"ye#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, dialectal, literary, religion, or humorous) Nominative singular of ye (“you”).\"], \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"dialectal\", \"form-of\", \"humorous\", \"literary\", \"nominative\", \"singular\"], \"topics\": [\"lifestyle\", \"religion\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thou\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðaʊ/\"}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-thou.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg/En-us-thou.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aʊ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðuː/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"du\"}, {\"word\": \"tha\"}, {\"word\": \"thoo\"}, {\"word\": \"thow\"}, {\"word\": \"thu\"}, {\"english\": \"Lancashire\", \"tags\": [\"Yorkshire\"], \"word\": \"tha\"}, {\"word\": \"thow\"}, {\"word\": \"thu\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Scotland\"], \"word\": \"du\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʔanta\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"أَنْتَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʔanti\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"أَنْتِ\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ínta\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"انت\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ínti\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"انت\"}, {\"code\": \"aeb\", \"lang\": \"Tunisian Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʔinti\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"اِنْتِ\"}, {\"code\": \"an\", \"lang\": \"Aragonese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"du\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"դու\"}, {\"code\": \"rup\", \"lang\": \"Aromanian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"as\", \"lang\": \"Assamese\", \"roman\": \"toi\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"তই\"}, {\"code\": \"as\", \"lang\": \"Assamese\", \"roman\": \"tumi\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"তুমি আপুনি\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"ty\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ты\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"tui\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"তুই\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ti\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ти\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"cbk\", \"lang\": \"Chavacano\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"nǐ\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"你\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"english\": \"to God\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"nǐ\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"祢\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"爾\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"ěr\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"尔\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"rǔ\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"汝\"}, {\"code\": \"co\", \"lang\": \"Corsican\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tù\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ty\"}, {\"code\": \"dlm\", \"lang\": \"Dalmatian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"te\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"du\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"dialectal\"], \"word\": \"gij\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"jij\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ci\"}, {\"code\": \"ext\", \"lang\": \"Extremaduran\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tú\"}, {\"code\": \"fax\", \"lang\": \"Fala\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tú\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"sinä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"frm\", \"lang\": \"Middle French\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"fro\", \"lang\": \"Old French\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ti\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"roa-gal\", \"lang\": \"Gallo\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"šen\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"შენ\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"du\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"Du\"}, {\"code\": \"got\", \"lang\": \"Gothic\", \"roman\": \"þu\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"𐌸𐌿\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"sú\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"σύ\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"atá\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"אתה\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"at\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"את\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tum\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"तुम\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"tū\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"तू\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"te\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"þú\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"kamu\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tú\"}, {\"code\": \"ruo\", \"lang\": \"Istro-Romanian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tú\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"alt\": \"きみ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"kimi\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"君\"}, {\"alt\": \"なんじ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"nanji\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"汝\"}, {\"alt\": \"おまえ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"omae\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"お前\"}, {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"anata\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"あなた\"}, {\"code\": \"xqa\", \"lang\": \"Karakhanid\", \"roman\": \"sen\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"سن\"}, {\"alt\": \"當身\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"dangsin\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"당신\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"neo\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"너\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"ne\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"네\"}, {\"code\": \"lld\", \"lang\": \"Ladin\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"lad\", \"lang\": \"Ladino\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"lad\", \"lang\": \"Ladino\", \"roman\": \"tu\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"טו\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"khun\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ຄຸນ\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"thœ̄\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ເຖີ\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"mư̄ng\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ມືງ\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"roa-leo\", \"lang\": \"Leonese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"khb\", \"lang\": \"Lü\", \"roman\": \"xun\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ᦆᦳᧃ\"}, {\"code\": \"khb\", \"lang\": \"Lü\", \"roman\": \"thoe\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ᦵᦒᦲ\"}, {\"code\": \"khb\", \"lang\": \"Lü\", \"roman\": \"mueng\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ᦙᦹᧂ\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"ti\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ти\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"engkau\"}, {\"code\": \"ruq\", \"lang\": \"Megleno-Romanian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"mwl\", \"lang\": \"Mirandese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"mxi\", \"lang\": \"Mozarabic\", \"roman\": \"tu\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ت\"}, {\"code\": \"roa-oan\", \"lang\": \"Navarro-Aragonese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"yrl\", \"lang\": \"Nheengatu\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"indé\"}, {\"code\": \"nap\", \"lang\": \"Neapolitan\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"nod\", \"lang\": \"Northern Thai\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ᨤᩩᨶ\"}, {\"code\": \"nod\", \"lang\": \"Northern Thai\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ᨮᩮᩬᩥ\"}, {\"code\": \"nod\", \"lang\": \"Northern Thai\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ᨾᩨ᩠ᨦ\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"du\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"oj\", \"lang\": \"Ojibwe\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"giin\"}, {\"code\": \"roa-oca\", \"lang\": \"Old Catalan\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"cu\", \"lang\": \"Church Slavic\", \"roman\": \"ty\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"тꙑ\"}, {\"code\": \"cu\", \"lang\": \"Church Slavic\", \"roman\": \"ty\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"Glagolitic\"], \"word\": \"ⱅⱏⰺ\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"þū\"}, {\"code\": \"sga\", \"lang\": \"Old Irish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tú\"}, {\"code\": \"pro\", \"lang\": \"Old Occitan\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"zlw-opl\", \"lang\": \"Old Polish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ty\"}, {\"code\": \"roa-opt\", \"lang\": \"Old Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"otk\", \"lang\": \"Old Turkic\", \"roman\": \"s²n²\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"𐰾𐰤\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"sen\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"سن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"to\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"تو\"}, {\"code\": \"pcd\", \"lang\": \"Picard\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"pox\", \"lang\": \"Polabian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tåi\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ty\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tü\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ty\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ты\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tue\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"thoo\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"thu\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"ти̑\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"tȋ\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"si\", \"lang\": \"Sinhalese\", \"roman\": \"oyā\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ඔයා\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ty\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tí\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ty\"}, {\"code\": \"hsb\", \"lang\": \"Upper Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ty\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tú\"}, {\"code\": \"osp\", \"lang\": \"Old Spanish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"du\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"kun\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"คุณ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"təə\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"เธอ\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"mʉng\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"มึง\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"sen\"}, {\"code\": \"ude\", \"lang\": \"Udihe\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"си\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"ty\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ти\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tum\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"تم\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"tū\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"تو\"}, {\"code\": \"vec\", \"lang\": \"Venetian\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ti\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"mày\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ngươi\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"mi\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"tu\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ti\"}, {\"code\": \"wrh\", \"lang\": \"Wiradjuri\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"word\": \"ngindu\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"du\", \"sense\": \"singular nominative form of you\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"דו\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "pron",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "thou/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Danish translations\", \"Requests for review of Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"thouen\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English thouen\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pronoun\"}, \"expansion\": \"pronoun\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Late Middle English thouen, theu, thew, thou, thowe, thowen, thui, thuy (“to address (a person) with thou, particularly in a contemptuous or polite manner”), from the pronoun thou: see etymology 1 above.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"thous\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"thouing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"thoued\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"thoued\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"thou (third-person singular simple present thous, present participle thouing, simple past and past participle thoued)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"tutoy\"}, {\"word\": \"tutoyer\"}], \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"you\"}], \"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Don’t thou them as thous thee! – a Yorkshire English admonition to overly familiar children\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1530, “Hickscorner”, in W[illiam] Carew Hazlitt, editor, A Select Collection of Old English Plays. Originally Published by Robert Dodsley in the Year 1744. […], 4th edition, volume I, London: Reeves and Turner, […], published 1874, page 180:\", \"text\": \"Avaunt, caitiff, dost thou thou me! / I am come of good kin, I tell thee! / My mother was a lady of the stews' blood born, / And (knight of the halter) my father ware an horn; / Therefore I take it in full great scorn, / That thou shouldest thus check me.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 266:\", \"text\": \"[T]aunt him with the licenſe of Inke: if thou thou'ſt him some thrice, it ſhall not be amiſſe, and as many Lyes, as will lye in thy ſheete of paper, although the ſheete were bigge enough for the bedde of Ware in England, ſet 'em downe, go about it.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1603 November 27, “The Tryal of Sir Walter Raleigh Kt. at Winton, on Thursday the 17th of November, Anno. Dom. 1603. in the First Year of King James the First”, in [Thomas Salmon], editor, A Compleat Collection of State-Tryals, and Proceedings upon Impeachment for High Treason, and Other Crimes and Misdemeanours; […] In Four Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for Timothy Goodwin, […]; John Walthoe […]; Benj[amin] Tooke […]; John Darby […]; Jacob Tonson […]; and John Walthoe Jun. […], published 1719, →OCLC, page 177, column 2:\", \"text\": \"Attorney. [Edward Coke, Attorney General for England and Wales] All that he [Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham] did was by thy Inſtigation, thou viper; for I thou thee, thou Traitor. / Raleigh. [Walter Raleigh] It becometh not a Man of Quality and Virtue, to call me ſo: But I take comfort in it, it is all you can do.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1677, William Gibson, “An Answer to John Cheyney’s Pamphlet Entituled The Shibboleth of Quakerism”, in The Life of God, which is the Light and Salvation of Men, Exalted: […], [London]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 134:\", \"text\": \"What! doſt thou not believe that God's Thouing and Theeing was and is ſound Speech? [...] And Theeing & Thouing of one ſingle Perſon was the language of Chriſt Jeſus, and the Holy Prophets and Apoſtles both under the Diſpenſations of Law and Goſpel, [...]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1755, [Voltaire [pseudonym; François-Marie Arouet]], “Ferdinand III. Forty-seventh Emperor.”, in Annals of the Empire from the Reign of Charlemagne […] In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 257:\", \"text\": \"The emperors before Rodolphus I. ſent all their mandates in Latin, thouing every prince, as the grammar of that language allows. This thouing of the counts of the empire was continued in the German language which diſallows ſuch expreſſions.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1811, Miguel Cervantes de Saavedra, “Of Matters Relating and Appertaining to this Adventure, and to this Memorable History”, in Charles Jarvis, transl., The Life and Exploits of Don Quixote de la Mancha. Translated from the Spanish [...] In Four Volumes, volume IV, London: Printed [by Harding & Wright] for Lackington, Allen, and Co. [et al.], →OCLC, part II, book III, pages 57–58:\", \"text\": \"Unfortunate we the duennas! though we descended in a direct male-line from Hector of Troy, our mistresses will never forbear \\\"thouing\\\" us, were they to be made queens for it.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1888, Rudyard Kipling, “On the City Wall”, in In Black and White (A. H. Wheeler & Co.’s Indian Railway Library; no. 3), 5th edition, Allahabad: Messrs. A. H. Wheeler & Co.; London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, Ld., […], published 1890, →OCLC, page 91:\", \"text\": \"\\\"One service more, Sahib, since thou hast come so opportunely,\\\" said Lalun. \\\"Wilt thou\\\"–it is very nice to be thou-ed by Lalun–\\\"take this old man across the City—the troops are everywhere, and they might hurt him for he is old—to the Kumharsen Gate?[\\\"]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1917, Russell Osborne Stidston, “Inferiors to Superiors”, in The Use of Ye in the Function of Thou in Middle English Literature from Ms. Auchinleck to Ms. Vernon: A Study of Grammar and Social Intercourse in Fourteenth-century England: […], Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University, →OCLC, section 1 (The Higher Classes to Royalty), page 22:\", \"text\": \"In Guy a duke in council thous his emperor [...] In Bevis the earl addresses the emperor of Almaine [...] while the young son of the family, Bevis, thous him not only as his father's murderer [...], but even when he is pretending friendship for him [...].\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.\"], \"links\": [[\"address\", \"address#Verb\"], [\"pronoun\", \"pronoun\"], [\"thou\", \"#Pronoun\"], [\"expression\", \"expression\"], [\"contempt\", \"contempt\"], [\"familiarity\", \"familiarity\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"thee\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"you\"}], \"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2006, Julian Dibbell, chapter 5, in Play Money: Or, How I Quit My Day Job and Made Millions Trading Virtual Loot, New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, →ISBN:\", \"text\": \"The hardcore role-players will wake up one day feeling, like a dead weight on their chest, the strain of endless texting in Renaissance Faire English—yet dutifully go on theeing and thouing all the same.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2009, David R. Keeston [pseudonym; Alan D. Jenkins], “Seeing God in the Ordinary”, in The Hitch Hikers’ Guide to the Gospel, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 39:\", \"text\": \"You want to hear the word of God, and be challenged to go out and change the world. Instead, you are, for the fifth Sunday in a row, mewling on about purple-headed mountains (which is a bit of an imaginative stretch, since you live in East Anglia) and \\\"theeing\\\" and \\\"thouing\\\" all over the place.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To use the word thou.\"], \"links\": [[\"use\", \"use#Verb\"], [\"word\", \"word#Noun\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To use the word thou.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"thee\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thou\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðaʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-thou.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg/En-us-thou.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aʊ\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutiar\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"týkacʹ\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ты́каць\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"govorja na ti\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"говоря на ти\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutejar\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykat\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sige du\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutoyeren\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"jijen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"jouen\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sinatama\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"túa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sinutella\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutoyer\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"duzen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"note\": \"μιλώ στον ενικό (miló ston enikó, literally “speak in the singular”)\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tegez\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"þúa\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutear\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"dare del tu\"}, {\"alt\": \"よびすてにする\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"yobisute ni suru\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"呼び捨てにする\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"neo-rago bureuda\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"너라고 부르다\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tujinti\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"berengkau\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"si 'du'\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutejar\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"mówić na ty\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"colloquial\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykać\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutear\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tratar por tu\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"a tutui\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"týkatʹ\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"colloquial\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ты́кать\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"týknutʹ\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"ты́кнуть\"}, {\"alt\": \"obraščátʹsja na «ty»\", \"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"обраща́ться на «ты»\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ти́кати\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"говорити ти\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tíkati\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"govoriti ti\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykať\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tíkati\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykaś\"}, {\"code\": \"hsb\", \"lang\": \"Upper Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykać\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutear\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"dua\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sen\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"týkaty\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ти́кати\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to use the word thou\", \"word\": \"tutoyeren\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to use the word thou\", \"word\": \"tutoyer\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to use the word thou\", \"word\": \"þúa\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "thou/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Danish translations\", \"Requests for review of Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"thouen\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English thouen\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pronoun\"}, \"expansion\": \"pronoun\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Late Middle English thouen, theu, thew, thou, thowe, thowen, thui, thuy (“to address (a person) with thou, particularly in a contemptuous or polite manner”), from the pronoun thou: see etymology 1 above.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"thous\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"thouing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"thoued\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"thoued\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"thou (third-person singular simple present thous, present participle thouing, simple past and past participle thoued)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"tutoy\"}, {\"word\": \"tutoyer\"}], \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"you\"}], \"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Don’t thou them as thous thee! – a Yorkshire English admonition to overly familiar children\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1530, “Hickscorner”, in W[illiam] Carew Hazlitt, editor, A Select Collection of Old English Plays. Originally Published by Robert Dodsley in the Year 1744. […], 4th edition, volume I, London: Reeves and Turner, […], published 1874, page 180:\", \"text\": \"Avaunt, caitiff, dost thou thou me! / I am come of good kin, I tell thee! / My mother was a lady of the stews' blood born, / And (knight of the halter) my father ware an horn; / Therefore I take it in full great scorn, / That thou shouldest thus check me.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 266:\", \"text\": \"[T]aunt him with the licenſe of Inke: if thou thou'ſt him some thrice, it ſhall not be amiſſe, and as many Lyes, as will lye in thy ſheete of paper, although the ſheete were bigge enough for the bedde of Ware in England, ſet 'em downe, go about it.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1603 November 27, “The Tryal of Sir Walter Raleigh Kt. at Winton, on Thursday the 17th of November, Anno. Dom. 1603. in the First Year of King James the First”, in [Thomas Salmon], editor, A Compleat Collection of State-Tryals, and Proceedings upon Impeachment for High Treason, and Other Crimes and Misdemeanours; […] In Four Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for Timothy Goodwin, […]; John Walthoe […]; Benj[amin] Tooke […]; John Darby […]; Jacob Tonson […]; and John Walthoe Jun. […], published 1719, →OCLC, page 177, column 2:\", \"text\": \"Attorney. [Edward Coke, Attorney General for England and Wales] All that he [Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham] did was by thy Inſtigation, thou viper; for I thou thee, thou Traitor. / Raleigh. [Walter Raleigh] It becometh not a Man of Quality and Virtue, to call me ſo: But I take comfort in it, it is all you can do.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1677, William Gibson, “An Answer to John Cheyney’s Pamphlet Entituled The Shibboleth of Quakerism”, in The Life of God, which is the Light and Salvation of Men, Exalted: […], [London]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 134:\", \"text\": \"What! doſt thou not believe that God's Thouing and Theeing was and is ſound Speech? [...] And Theeing & Thouing of one ſingle Perſon was the language of Chriſt Jeſus, and the Holy Prophets and Apoſtles both under the Diſpenſations of Law and Goſpel, [...]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1755, [Voltaire [pseudonym; François-Marie Arouet]], “Ferdinand III. Forty-seventh Emperor.”, in Annals of the Empire from the Reign of Charlemagne […] In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 257:\", \"text\": \"The emperors before Rodolphus I. ſent all their mandates in Latin, thouing every prince, as the grammar of that language allows. This thouing of the counts of the empire was continued in the German language which diſallows ſuch expreſſions.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1811, Miguel Cervantes de Saavedra, “Of Matters Relating and Appertaining to this Adventure, and to this Memorable History”, in Charles Jarvis, transl., The Life and Exploits of Don Quixote de la Mancha. Translated from the Spanish [...] In Four Volumes, volume IV, London: Printed [by Harding & Wright] for Lackington, Allen, and Co. [et al.], →OCLC, part II, book III, pages 57–58:\", \"text\": \"Unfortunate we the duennas! though we descended in a direct male-line from Hector of Troy, our mistresses will never forbear \\\"thouing\\\" us, were they to be made queens for it.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1888, Rudyard Kipling, “On the City Wall”, in In Black and White (A. H. Wheeler & Co.’s Indian Railway Library; no. 3), 5th edition, Allahabad: Messrs. A. H. Wheeler & Co.; London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, Ld., […], published 1890, →OCLC, page 91:\", \"text\": \"\\\"One service more, Sahib, since thou hast come so opportunely,\\\" said Lalun. \\\"Wilt thou\\\"–it is very nice to be thou-ed by Lalun–\\\"take this old man across the City—the troops are everywhere, and they might hurt him for he is old—to the Kumharsen Gate?[\\\"]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1917, Russell Osborne Stidston, “Inferiors to Superiors”, in The Use of Ye in the Function of Thou in Middle English Literature from Ms. Auchinleck to Ms. Vernon: A Study of Grammar and Social Intercourse in Fourteenth-century England: […], Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University, →OCLC, section 1 (The Higher Classes to Royalty), page 22:\", \"text\": \"In Guy a duke in council thous his emperor [...] In Bevis the earl addresses the emperor of Almaine [...] while the young son of the family, Bevis, thous him not only as his father's murderer [...], but even when he is pretending friendship for him [...].\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.\"], \"links\": [[\"address\", \"address#Verb\"], [\"pronoun\", \"pronoun\"], [\"thou\", \"#Pronoun\"], [\"expression\", \"expression\"], [\"contempt\", \"contempt\"], [\"familiarity\", \"familiarity\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"thee\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"you\"}], \"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2006, Julian Dibbell, chapter 5, in Play Money: Or, How I Quit My Day Job and Made Millions Trading Virtual Loot, New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, →ISBN:\", \"text\": \"The hardcore role-players will wake up one day feeling, like a dead weight on their chest, the strain of endless texting in Renaissance Faire English—yet dutifully go on theeing and thouing all the same.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2009, David R. Keeston [pseudonym; Alan D. Jenkins], “Seeing God in the Ordinary”, in The Hitch Hikers’ Guide to the Gospel, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 39:\", \"text\": \"You want to hear the word of God, and be challenged to go out and change the world. Instead, you are, for the fifth Sunday in a row, mewling on about purple-headed mountains (which is a bit of an imaginative stretch, since you live in East Anglia) and \\\"theeing\\\" and \\\"thouing\\\" all over the place.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To use the word thou.\"], \"links\": [[\"use\", \"use#Verb\"], [\"word\", \"word#Noun\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To use the word thou.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"thee\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thou\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðaʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-thou.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg/En-us-thou.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aʊ\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutiar\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"týkacʹ\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ты́каць\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"govorja na ti\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"говоря на ти\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutejar\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykat\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sige du\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutoyeren\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"jijen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"jouen\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sinatama\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"túa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sinutella\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutoyer\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"duzen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"note\": \"μιλώ στον ενικό (miló ston enikó, literally “speak in the singular”)\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tegez\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"þúa\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutear\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"dare del tu\"}, {\"alt\": \"よびすてにする\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"yobisute ni suru\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"呼び捨てにする\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"neo-rago bureuda\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"너라고 부르다\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tujinti\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"berengkau\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"si 'du'\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutejar\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"mówić na ty\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"colloquial\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykać\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutear\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tratar por tu\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"a tutui\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"týkatʹ\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"colloquial\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ты́кать\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"týknutʹ\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"ты́кнуть\"}, {\"alt\": \"obraščátʹsja na «ty»\", \"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"обраща́ться на «ты»\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ти́кати\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"говорити ти\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tíkati\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"govoriti ti\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykať\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tíkati\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykaś\"}, {\"code\": \"hsb\", \"lang\": \"Upper Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykać\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutear\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"dua\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sen\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"týkaty\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ти́кати\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to use the word thou\", \"word\": \"tutoyeren\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to use the word thou\", \"word\": \"tutoyer\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to use the word thou\", \"word\": \"þúa\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "thou/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Danish translations\", \"Requests for review of Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"thouen\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English thouen\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pronoun\"}, \"expansion\": \"pronoun\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Late Middle English thouen, theu, thew, thou, thowe, thowen, thui, thuy (“to address (a person) with thou, particularly in a contemptuous or polite manner”), from the pronoun thou: see etymology 1 above.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"thous\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"thouing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"thoued\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"thoued\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"thou (third-person singular simple present thous, present participle thouing, simple past and past participle thoued)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"tutoy\"}, {\"word\": \"tutoyer\"}], \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"you\"}], \"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Don’t thou them as thous thee! – a Yorkshire English admonition to overly familiar children\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1530, “Hickscorner”, in W[illiam] Carew Hazlitt, editor, A Select Collection of Old English Plays. Originally Published by Robert Dodsley in the Year 1744. […], 4th edition, volume I, London: Reeves and Turner, […], published 1874, page 180:\", \"text\": \"Avaunt, caitiff, dost thou thou me! / I am come of good kin, I tell thee! / My mother was a lady of the stews' blood born, / And (knight of the halter) my father ware an horn; / Therefore I take it in full great scorn, / That thou shouldest thus check me.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 266:\", \"text\": \"[T]aunt him with the licenſe of Inke: if thou thou'ſt him some thrice, it ſhall not be amiſſe, and as many Lyes, as will lye in thy ſheete of paper, although the ſheete were bigge enough for the bedde of Ware in England, ſet 'em downe, go about it.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1603 November 27, “The Tryal of Sir Walter Raleigh Kt. at Winton, on Thursday the 17th of November, Anno. Dom. 1603. in the First Year of King James the First”, in [Thomas Salmon], editor, A Compleat Collection of State-Tryals, and Proceedings upon Impeachment for High Treason, and Other Crimes and Misdemeanours; […] In Four Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for Timothy Goodwin, […]; John Walthoe […]; Benj[amin] Tooke […]; John Darby […]; Jacob Tonson […]; and John Walthoe Jun. […], published 1719, →OCLC, page 177, column 2:\", \"text\": \"Attorney. [Edward Coke, Attorney General for England and Wales] All that he [Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham] did was by thy Inſtigation, thou viper; for I thou thee, thou Traitor. / Raleigh. [Walter Raleigh] It becometh not a Man of Quality and Virtue, to call me ſo: But I take comfort in it, it is all you can do.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1677, William Gibson, “An Answer to John Cheyney’s Pamphlet Entituled The Shibboleth of Quakerism”, in The Life of God, which is the Light and Salvation of Men, Exalted: […], [London]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 134:\", \"text\": \"What! doſt thou not believe that God's Thouing and Theeing was and is ſound Speech? [...] And Theeing & Thouing of one ſingle Perſon was the language of Chriſt Jeſus, and the Holy Prophets and Apoſtles both under the Diſpenſations of Law and Goſpel, [...]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1755, [Voltaire [pseudonym; François-Marie Arouet]], “Ferdinand III. Forty-seventh Emperor.”, in Annals of the Empire from the Reign of Charlemagne […] In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 257:\", \"text\": \"The emperors before Rodolphus I. ſent all their mandates in Latin, thouing every prince, as the grammar of that language allows. This thouing of the counts of the empire was continued in the German language which diſallows ſuch expreſſions.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1811, Miguel Cervantes de Saavedra, “Of Matters Relating and Appertaining to this Adventure, and to this Memorable History”, in Charles Jarvis, transl., The Life and Exploits of Don Quixote de la Mancha. Translated from the Spanish [...] In Four Volumes, volume IV, London: Printed [by Harding & Wright] for Lackington, Allen, and Co. [et al.], →OCLC, part II, book III, pages 57–58:\", \"text\": \"Unfortunate we the duennas! though we descended in a direct male-line from Hector of Troy, our mistresses will never forbear \\\"thouing\\\" us, were they to be made queens for it.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1888, Rudyard Kipling, “On the City Wall”, in In Black and White (A. H. Wheeler & Co.’s Indian Railway Library; no. 3), 5th edition, Allahabad: Messrs. A. H. Wheeler & Co.; London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, Ld., […], published 1890, →OCLC, page 91:\", \"text\": \"\\\"One service more, Sahib, since thou hast come so opportunely,\\\" said Lalun. \\\"Wilt thou\\\"–it is very nice to be thou-ed by Lalun–\\\"take this old man across the City—the troops are everywhere, and they might hurt him for he is old—to the Kumharsen Gate?[\\\"]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1917, Russell Osborne Stidston, “Inferiors to Superiors”, in The Use of Ye in the Function of Thou in Middle English Literature from Ms. Auchinleck to Ms. Vernon: A Study of Grammar and Social Intercourse in Fourteenth-century England: […], Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University, →OCLC, section 1 (The Higher Classes to Royalty), page 22:\", \"text\": \"In Guy a duke in council thous his emperor [...] In Bevis the earl addresses the emperor of Almaine [...] while the young son of the family, Bevis, thous him not only as his father's murderer [...], but even when he is pretending friendship for him [...].\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.\"], \"links\": [[\"address\", \"address#Verb\"], [\"pronoun\", \"pronoun\"], [\"thou\", \"#Pronoun\"], [\"expression\", \"expression\"], [\"contempt\", \"contempt\"], [\"familiarity\", \"familiarity\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"thee\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"you\"}], \"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2006, Julian Dibbell, chapter 5, in Play Money: Or, How I Quit My Day Job and Made Millions Trading Virtual Loot, New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, →ISBN:\", \"text\": \"The hardcore role-players will wake up one day feeling, like a dead weight on their chest, the strain of endless texting in Renaissance Faire English—yet dutifully go on theeing and thouing all the same.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2009, David R. Keeston [pseudonym; Alan D. Jenkins], “Seeing God in the Ordinary”, in The Hitch Hikers’ Guide to the Gospel, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 39:\", \"text\": \"You want to hear the word of God, and be challenged to go out and change the world. Instead, you are, for the fifth Sunday in a row, mewling on about purple-headed mountains (which is a bit of an imaginative stretch, since you live in East Anglia) and \\\"theeing\\\" and \\\"thouing\\\" all over the place.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To use the word thou.\"], \"links\": [[\"use\", \"use#Verb\"], [\"word\", \"word#Noun\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To use the word thou.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"thee\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thou\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðaʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-thou.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg/En-us-thou.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aʊ\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutiar\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"týkacʹ\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ты́каць\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"govorja na ti\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"говоря на ти\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutejar\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykat\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sige du\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutoyeren\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"jijen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"jouen\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sinatama\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"túa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sinutella\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutoyer\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"duzen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"note\": \"μιλώ στον ενικό (miló ston enikó, literally “speak in the singular”)\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tegez\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"þúa\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutear\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"dare del tu\"}, {\"alt\": \"よびすてにする\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"yobisute ni suru\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"呼び捨てにする\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"neo-rago bureuda\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"너라고 부르다\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tujinti\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"berengkau\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"si 'du'\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutejar\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"mówić na ty\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"colloquial\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykać\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutear\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tratar por tu\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"a tutui\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"týkatʹ\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"colloquial\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ты́кать\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"týknutʹ\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"ты́кнуть\"}, {\"alt\": \"obraščátʹsja na «ty»\", \"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"обраща́ться на «ты»\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ти́кати\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"говорити ти\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tíkati\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"govoriti ti\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykať\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tíkati\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykaś\"}, {\"code\": \"hsb\", \"lang\": \"Upper Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykać\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutear\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"dua\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sen\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"týkaty\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ти́кати\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to use the word thou\", \"word\": \"tutoyeren\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to use the word thou\", \"word\": \"tutoyer\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to use the word thou\", \"word\": \"þúa\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "thou/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Danish translations\", \"Requests for review of Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"thouen\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English thouen\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pronoun\"}, \"expansion\": \"pronoun\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Late Middle English thouen, theu, thew, thou, thowe, thowen, thui, thuy (“to address (a person) with thou, particularly in a contemptuous or polite manner”), from the pronoun thou: see etymology 1 above.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"thous\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"thouing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"thoued\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"thoued\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"thou (third-person singular simple present thous, present participle thouing, simple past and past participle thoued)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"tutoy\"}, {\"word\": \"tutoyer\"}], \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"you\"}], \"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Don’t thou them as thous thee! – a Yorkshire English admonition to overly familiar children\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1530, “Hickscorner”, in W[illiam] Carew Hazlitt, editor, A Select Collection of Old English Plays. Originally Published by Robert Dodsley in the Year 1744. […], 4th edition, volume I, London: Reeves and Turner, […], published 1874, page 180:\", \"text\": \"Avaunt, caitiff, dost thou thou me! / I am come of good kin, I tell thee! / My mother was a lady of the stews' blood born, / And (knight of the halter) my father ware an horn; / Therefore I take it in full great scorn, / That thou shouldest thus check me.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 266:\", \"text\": \"[T]aunt him with the licenſe of Inke: if thou thou'ſt him some thrice, it ſhall not be amiſſe, and as many Lyes, as will lye in thy ſheete of paper, although the ſheete were bigge enough for the bedde of Ware in England, ſet 'em downe, go about it.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1603 November 27, “The Tryal of Sir Walter Raleigh Kt. at Winton, on Thursday the 17th of November, Anno. Dom. 1603. in the First Year of King James the First”, in [Thomas Salmon], editor, A Compleat Collection of State-Tryals, and Proceedings upon Impeachment for High Treason, and Other Crimes and Misdemeanours; […] In Four Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for Timothy Goodwin, […]; John Walthoe […]; Benj[amin] Tooke […]; John Darby […]; Jacob Tonson […]; and John Walthoe Jun. […], published 1719, →OCLC, page 177, column 2:\", \"text\": \"Attorney. [Edward Coke, Attorney General for England and Wales] All that he [Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham] did was by thy Inſtigation, thou viper; for I thou thee, thou Traitor. / Raleigh. [Walter Raleigh] It becometh not a Man of Quality and Virtue, to call me ſo: But I take comfort in it, it is all you can do.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1677, William Gibson, “An Answer to John Cheyney’s Pamphlet Entituled The Shibboleth of Quakerism”, in The Life of God, which is the Light and Salvation of Men, Exalted: […], [London]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 134:\", \"text\": \"What! doſt thou not believe that God's Thouing and Theeing was and is ſound Speech? [...] And Theeing & Thouing of one ſingle Perſon was the language of Chriſt Jeſus, and the Holy Prophets and Apoſtles both under the Diſpenſations of Law and Goſpel, [...]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1755, [Voltaire [pseudonym; François-Marie Arouet]], “Ferdinand III. Forty-seventh Emperor.”, in Annals of the Empire from the Reign of Charlemagne […] In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 257:\", \"text\": \"The emperors before Rodolphus I. ſent all their mandates in Latin, thouing every prince, as the grammar of that language allows. This thouing of the counts of the empire was continued in the German language which diſallows ſuch expreſſions.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1811, Miguel Cervantes de Saavedra, “Of Matters Relating and Appertaining to this Adventure, and to this Memorable History”, in Charles Jarvis, transl., The Life and Exploits of Don Quixote de la Mancha. Translated from the Spanish [...] In Four Volumes, volume IV, London: Printed [by Harding & Wright] for Lackington, Allen, and Co. [et al.], →OCLC, part II, book III, pages 57–58:\", \"text\": \"Unfortunate we the duennas! though we descended in a direct male-line from Hector of Troy, our mistresses will never forbear \\\"thouing\\\" us, were they to be made queens for it.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1888, Rudyard Kipling, “On the City Wall”, in In Black and White (A. H. Wheeler & Co.’s Indian Railway Library; no. 3), 5th edition, Allahabad: Messrs. A. H. Wheeler & Co.; London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, Ld., […], published 1890, →OCLC, page 91:\", \"text\": \"\\\"One service more, Sahib, since thou hast come so opportunely,\\\" said Lalun. \\\"Wilt thou\\\"–it is very nice to be thou-ed by Lalun–\\\"take this old man across the City—the troops are everywhere, and they might hurt him for he is old—to the Kumharsen Gate?[\\\"]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1917, Russell Osborne Stidston, “Inferiors to Superiors”, in The Use of Ye in the Function of Thou in Middle English Literature from Ms. Auchinleck to Ms. Vernon: A Study of Grammar and Social Intercourse in Fourteenth-century England: […], Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University, →OCLC, section 1 (The Higher Classes to Royalty), page 22:\", \"text\": \"In Guy a duke in council thous his emperor [...] In Bevis the earl addresses the emperor of Almaine [...] while the young son of the family, Bevis, thous him not only as his father's murderer [...], but even when he is pretending friendship for him [...].\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.\"], \"links\": [[\"address\", \"address#Verb\"], [\"pronoun\", \"pronoun\"], [\"thou\", \"#Pronoun\"], [\"expression\", \"expression\"], [\"contempt\", \"contempt\"], [\"familiarity\", \"familiarity\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"thee\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"you\"}], \"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2006, Julian Dibbell, chapter 5, in Play Money: Or, How I Quit My Day Job and Made Millions Trading Virtual Loot, New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, →ISBN:\", \"text\": \"The hardcore role-players will wake up one day feeling, like a dead weight on their chest, the strain of endless texting in Renaissance Faire English—yet dutifully go on theeing and thouing all the same.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2009, David R. Keeston [pseudonym; Alan D. Jenkins], “Seeing God in the Ordinary”, in The Hitch Hikers’ Guide to the Gospel, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 39:\", \"text\": \"You want to hear the word of God, and be challenged to go out and change the world. Instead, you are, for the fifth Sunday in a row, mewling on about purple-headed mountains (which is a bit of an imaginative stretch, since you live in East Anglia) and \\\"theeing\\\" and \\\"thouing\\\" all over the place.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To use the word thou.\"], \"links\": [[\"use\", \"use#Verb\"], [\"word\", \"word#Noun\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To use the word thou.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"thee\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thou\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðaʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-thou.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg/En-us-thou.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aʊ\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutiar\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"týkacʹ\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ты́каць\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"govorja na ti\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"говоря на ти\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutejar\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykat\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sige du\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutoyeren\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"jijen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"jouen\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sinatama\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"túa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sinutella\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutoyer\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"duzen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"note\": \"μιλώ στον ενικό (miló ston enikó, literally “speak in the singular”)\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tegez\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"þúa\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutear\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"dare del tu\"}, {\"alt\": \"よびすてにする\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"yobisute ni suru\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"呼び捨てにする\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"neo-rago bureuda\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"너라고 부르다\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tujinti\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"berengkau\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"si 'du'\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutejar\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"mówić na ty\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"colloquial\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykać\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutear\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tratar por tu\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"a tutui\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"týkatʹ\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"colloquial\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ты́кать\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"týknutʹ\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"ты́кнуть\"}, {\"alt\": \"obraščátʹsja na «ty»\", \"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"обраща́ться на «ты»\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ти́кати\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"говорити ти\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tíkati\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"govoriti ti\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykať\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tíkati\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykaś\"}, {\"code\": \"hsb\", \"lang\": \"Upper Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykać\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutear\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"dua\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sen\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"týkaty\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ти́кати\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to use the word thou\", \"word\": \"tutoyeren\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to use the word thou\", \"word\": \"tutoyer\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to use the word thou\", \"word\": \"þúa\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "thou/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"note\": \"\\u03bc\\u03b9\\u03bb\\u03ce \\u03c3\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03bd \\u03b5\\u03bd\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03cc (mil\\u00f3 ston enik\\u00f3, literally \\u201cspeak in the singular\\u201d)\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\"}: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Danish translations\", \"Requests for review of Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"thouen\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English thouen\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pronoun\"}, \"expansion\": \"pronoun\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Late Middle English thouen, theu, thew, thou, thowe, thowen, thui, thuy (“to address (a person) with thou, particularly in a contemptuous or polite manner”), from the pronoun thou: see etymology 1 above.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"thous\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"thouing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"thoued\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"thoued\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"thou (third-person singular simple present thous, present participle thouing, simple past and past participle thoued)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"tutoy\"}, {\"word\": \"tutoyer\"}], \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"you\"}], \"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Don’t thou them as thous thee! – a Yorkshire English admonition to overly familiar children\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1530, “Hickscorner”, in W[illiam] Carew Hazlitt, editor, A Select Collection of Old English Plays. Originally Published by Robert Dodsley in the Year 1744. […], 4th edition, volume I, London: Reeves and Turner, […], published 1874, page 180:\", \"text\": \"Avaunt, caitiff, dost thou thou me! / I am come of good kin, I tell thee! / My mother was a lady of the stews' blood born, / And (knight of the halter) my father ware an horn; / Therefore I take it in full great scorn, / That thou shouldest thus check me.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 266:\", \"text\": \"[T]aunt him with the licenſe of Inke: if thou thou'ſt him some thrice, it ſhall not be amiſſe, and as many Lyes, as will lye in thy ſheete of paper, although the ſheete were bigge enough for the bedde of Ware in England, ſet 'em downe, go about it.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1603 November 27, “The Tryal of Sir Walter Raleigh Kt. at Winton, on Thursday the 17th of November, Anno. Dom. 1603. in the First Year of King James the First”, in [Thomas Salmon], editor, A Compleat Collection of State-Tryals, and Proceedings upon Impeachment for High Treason, and Other Crimes and Misdemeanours; […] In Four Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for Timothy Goodwin, […]; John Walthoe […]; Benj[amin] Tooke […]; John Darby […]; Jacob Tonson […]; and John Walthoe Jun. […], published 1719, →OCLC, page 177, column 2:\", \"text\": \"Attorney. [Edward Coke, Attorney General for England and Wales] All that he [Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham] did was by thy Inſtigation, thou viper; for I thou thee, thou Traitor. / Raleigh. [Walter Raleigh] It becometh not a Man of Quality and Virtue, to call me ſo: But I take comfort in it, it is all you can do.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1677, William Gibson, “An Answer to John Cheyney’s Pamphlet Entituled The Shibboleth of Quakerism”, in The Life of God, which is the Light and Salvation of Men, Exalted: […], [London]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 134:\", \"text\": \"What! doſt thou not believe that God's Thouing and Theeing was and is ſound Speech? [...] And Theeing & Thouing of one ſingle Perſon was the language of Chriſt Jeſus, and the Holy Prophets and Apoſtles both under the Diſpenſations of Law and Goſpel, [...]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1755, [Voltaire [pseudonym; François-Marie Arouet]], “Ferdinand III. Forty-seventh Emperor.”, in Annals of the Empire from the Reign of Charlemagne […] In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 257:\", \"text\": \"The emperors before Rodolphus I. ſent all their mandates in Latin, thouing every prince, as the grammar of that language allows. This thouing of the counts of the empire was continued in the German language which diſallows ſuch expreſſions.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1811, Miguel Cervantes de Saavedra, “Of Matters Relating and Appertaining to this Adventure, and to this Memorable History”, in Charles Jarvis, transl., The Life and Exploits of Don Quixote de la Mancha. Translated from the Spanish [...] In Four Volumes, volume IV, London: Printed [by Harding & Wright] for Lackington, Allen, and Co. [et al.], →OCLC, part II, book III, pages 57–58:\", \"text\": \"Unfortunate we the duennas! though we descended in a direct male-line from Hector of Troy, our mistresses will never forbear \\\"thouing\\\" us, were they to be made queens for it.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1888, Rudyard Kipling, “On the City Wall”, in In Black and White (A. H. Wheeler & Co.’s Indian Railway Library; no. 3), 5th edition, Allahabad: Messrs. A. H. Wheeler & Co.; London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, Ld., […], published 1890, →OCLC, page 91:\", \"text\": \"\\\"One service more, Sahib, since thou hast come so opportunely,\\\" said Lalun. \\\"Wilt thou\\\"–it is very nice to be thou-ed by Lalun–\\\"take this old man across the City—the troops are everywhere, and they might hurt him for he is old—to the Kumharsen Gate?[\\\"]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1917, Russell Osborne Stidston, “Inferiors to Superiors”, in The Use of Ye in the Function of Thou in Middle English Literature from Ms. Auchinleck to Ms. Vernon: A Study of Grammar and Social Intercourse in Fourteenth-century England: […], Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University, →OCLC, section 1 (The Higher Classes to Royalty), page 22:\", \"text\": \"In Guy a duke in council thous his emperor [...] In Bevis the earl addresses the emperor of Almaine [...] while the young son of the family, Bevis, thous him not only as his father's murderer [...], but even when he is pretending friendship for him [...].\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.\"], \"links\": [[\"address\", \"address#Verb\"], [\"pronoun\", \"pronoun\"], [\"thou\", \"#Pronoun\"], [\"expression\", \"expression\"], [\"contempt\", \"contempt\"], [\"familiarity\", \"familiarity\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"thee\"}], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"you\"}], \"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2006, Julian Dibbell, chapter 5, in Play Money: Or, How I Quit My Day Job and Made Millions Trading Virtual Loot, New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, →ISBN:\", \"text\": \"The hardcore role-players will wake up one day feeling, like a dead weight on their chest, the strain of endless texting in Renaissance Faire English—yet dutifully go on theeing and thouing all the same.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2009, David R. Keeston [pseudonym; Alan D. Jenkins], “Seeing God in the Ordinary”, in The Hitch Hikers’ Guide to the Gospel, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 39:\", \"text\": \"You want to hear the word of God, and be challenged to go out and change the world. Instead, you are, for the fifth Sunday in a row, mewling on about purple-headed mountains (which is a bit of an imaginative stretch, since you live in East Anglia) and \\\"theeing\\\" and \\\"thouing\\\" all over the place.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To use the word thou.\"], \"links\": [[\"use\", \"use#Verb\"], [\"word\", \"word#Noun\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To use the word thou.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"thee\"}], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thou\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðaʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-thou.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg/En-us-thou.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-thou.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aʊ\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutiar\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"týkacʹ\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ты́каць\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"govorja na ti\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"говоря на ти\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutejar\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykat\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sige du\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutoyeren\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"jijen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"jouen\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sinatama\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"túa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sinutella\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutoyer\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"duzen\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"note\": \"μιλώ στον ενικό (miló ston enikó, literally “speak in the singular”)\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tegez\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"þúa\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutear\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"dare del tu\"}, {\"alt\": \"よびすてにする\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"yobisute ni suru\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"呼び捨てにする\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"neo-rago bureuda\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"너라고 부르다\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tujinti\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"berengkau\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"si 'du'\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutejar\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"mówić na ty\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"colloquial\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykać\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutear\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tratar por tu\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"a tutui\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"týkatʹ\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"colloquial\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ты́кать\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"týknutʹ\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"ты́кнуть\"}, {\"alt\": \"obraščátʹsja na «ty»\", \"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"обраща́ться на «ты»\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ти́кати\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"говорити ти\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tíkati\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"govoriti ti\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykať\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tíkati\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykaś\"}, {\"code\": \"hsb\", \"lang\": \"Upper Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"tykać\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"tutear\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"dua\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"word\": \"sen\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"týkaty\", \"sense\": \"to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ти́кати\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to use the word thou\", \"word\": \"tutoyeren\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to use the word thou\", \"word\": \"tutoyer\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to use the word thou\", \"word\": \"þúa\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "thou/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English clippings\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"thousandth\", \"3\": \"thou(sandth)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Clipping of thou(sandth)\", \"name\": \"clipping\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"2\"}, \"expansion\": \"²\", \"name\": \"sup\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"2\"}, \"expansion\": \"²\", \"name\": \"sup\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Clipping of thou(sandth).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"thous\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"thou (plural thous)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1946 November and December, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 344:\", \"text\": \"But to continue, \\\"At Horwich they had gone all scientific, and talked in 'thous.,' though apparently some of their work was to the nearest half-inch. […].\\\"\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1984, Robert D. Adams, William C. Wake, “Surface Preparation”, in Structural Adhesive Joints in Engineering, Barking, Essex: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, published 1986, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 220–221:\", \"text\": \"All these methods remove metal and can, in fact, remove a few thou from the surface. For accurately machined parts, therefore, none of these methods are suitable but wet blasting with a fine alumina which gives a polishing–cleaning action may be operated within the required tolerances.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2000, Mike Bishop, Vern Tardel, “Bells and Whistles”, in How to Build a Traditional Ford Hot Rod, revised edition, Osceola, Wis.: MBI Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 131, column 2:\", \"text\": \"Make no mistake, we’re talking about some major repositioning; the rear ends of the cones didn’t move just a few thou’ or even 1/4 or 1/2 inch in one direction. These beauties moved around big time.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A unit of length equal to one-thousandth of an inch (25.4 µm).\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"], [\"length\", \"length\"], [\"equal\", \"equal#Adjective\"], [\"one\", \"one\"], [\"thousandth\", \"thousandth\"], [\"inch\", \"inch#Noun\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(British) A unit of length equal to one-thousandth of an inch (25.4 µm).\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"US\"], \"word\": \"mil\"}], \"tags\": [\"British\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thou\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/θaʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thou (number).wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aʊ\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
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"msg": "thou/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English clippings\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"thousandth\", \"3\": \"thou(sandth)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Clipping of thou(sandth)\", \"name\": \"clipping\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"2\"}, \"expansion\": \"²\", \"name\": \"sup\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"2\"}, \"expansion\": \"²\", \"name\": \"sup\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Clipping of thou(sandth).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"thous\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"thou (plural thous)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1946 November and December, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 344:\", \"text\": \"But to continue, \\\"At Horwich they had gone all scientific, and talked in 'thous.,' though apparently some of their work was to the nearest half-inch. […].\\\"\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1984, Robert D. Adams, William C. Wake, “Surface Preparation”, in Structural Adhesive Joints in Engineering, Barking, Essex: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, published 1986, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 220–221:\", \"text\": \"All these methods remove metal and can, in fact, remove a few thou from the surface. For accurately machined parts, therefore, none of these methods are suitable but wet blasting with a fine alumina which gives a polishing–cleaning action may be operated within the required tolerances.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2000, Mike Bishop, Vern Tardel, “Bells and Whistles”, in How to Build a Traditional Ford Hot Rod, revised edition, Osceola, Wis.: MBI Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 131, column 2:\", \"text\": \"Make no mistake, we’re talking about some major repositioning; the rear ends of the cones didn’t move just a few thou’ or even 1/4 or 1/2 inch in one direction. These beauties moved around big time.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A unit of length equal to one-thousandth of an inch (25.4 µm).\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"], [\"length\", \"length\"], [\"equal\", \"equal#Adjective\"], [\"one\", \"one\"], [\"thousandth\", \"thousandth\"], [\"inch\", \"inch#Noun\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(British) A unit of length equal to one-thousandth of an inch (25.4 µm).\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"US\"], \"word\": \"mil\"}], \"tags\": [\"British\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thou\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/θaʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thou (number).wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aʊ\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
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{
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"msg": "thou/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English clippings\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"thousandth\", \"3\": \"thou(sandth)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Clipping of thou(sandth)\", \"name\": \"clipping\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"2\"}, \"expansion\": \"²\", \"name\": \"sup\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"2\"}, \"expansion\": \"²\", \"name\": \"sup\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Clipping of thou(sandth).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"thous\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"thou (plural thous)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1946 November and December, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 344:\", \"text\": \"But to continue, \\\"At Horwich they had gone all scientific, and talked in 'thous.,' though apparently some of their work was to the nearest half-inch. […].\\\"\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1984, Robert D. Adams, William C. Wake, “Surface Preparation”, in Structural Adhesive Joints in Engineering, Barking, Essex: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, published 1986, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 220–221:\", \"text\": \"All these methods remove metal and can, in fact, remove a few thou from the surface. For accurately machined parts, therefore, none of these methods are suitable but wet blasting with a fine alumina which gives a polishing–cleaning action may be operated within the required tolerances.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2000, Mike Bishop, Vern Tardel, “Bells and Whistles”, in How to Build a Traditional Ford Hot Rod, revised edition, Osceola, Wis.: MBI Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 131, column 2:\", \"text\": \"Make no mistake, we’re talking about some major repositioning; the rear ends of the cones didn’t move just a few thou’ or even 1/4 or 1/2 inch in one direction. These beauties moved around big time.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A unit of length equal to one-thousandth of an inch (25.4 µm).\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"], [\"length\", \"length\"], [\"equal\", \"equal#Adjective\"], [\"one\", \"one\"], [\"thousandth\", \"thousandth\"], [\"inch\", \"inch#Noun\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(British) A unit of length equal to one-thousandth of an inch (25.4 µm).\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"US\"], \"word\": \"mil\"}], \"tags\": [\"British\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thou\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/θaʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thou (number).wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aʊ\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
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"msg": "thou/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English clippings\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"thousandth\", \"3\": \"thou(sandth)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Clipping of thou(sandth)\", \"name\": \"clipping\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"2\"}, \"expansion\": \"²\", \"name\": \"sup\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"2\"}, \"expansion\": \"²\", \"name\": \"sup\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Clipping of thou(sandth).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"thous\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"thou (plural thous)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1946 November and December, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 344:\", \"text\": \"But to continue, \\\"At Horwich they had gone all scientific, and talked in 'thous.,' though apparently some of their work was to the nearest half-inch. […].\\\"\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1984, Robert D. Adams, William C. Wake, “Surface Preparation”, in Structural Adhesive Joints in Engineering, Barking, Essex: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, published 1986, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 220–221:\", \"text\": \"All these methods remove metal and can, in fact, remove a few thou from the surface. For accurately machined parts, therefore, none of these methods are suitable but wet blasting with a fine alumina which gives a polishing–cleaning action may be operated within the required tolerances.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2000, Mike Bishop, Vern Tardel, “Bells and Whistles”, in How to Build a Traditional Ford Hot Rod, revised edition, Osceola, Wis.: MBI Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 131, column 2:\", \"text\": \"Make no mistake, we’re talking about some major repositioning; the rear ends of the cones didn’t move just a few thou’ or even 1/4 or 1/2 inch in one direction. These beauties moved around big time.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A unit of length equal to one-thousandth of an inch (25.4 µm).\"], \"links\": [[\"unit\", \"unit\"], [\"length\", \"length\"], [\"equal\", \"equal#Adjective\"], [\"one\", \"one\"], [\"thousandth\", \"thousandth\"], [\"inch\", \"inch#Noun\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(British) A unit of length equal to one-thousandth of an inch (25.4 µm).\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"US\"], \"word\": \"mil\"}], \"tags\": [\"British\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thou\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/θaʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thou (number).wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aʊ\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
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"msg": "thou/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English clippings\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English indeclinable nouns\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with irregular plurals\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 4, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"thousand\", \"3\": \"thou(sand)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Clipping of thou(sand)\", \"name\": \"clipping\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Clipping of thou(sand).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"thou\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"thou (plural thou)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English slang\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1977, Larry Pointer, “Belle Fourche”, in In Search of Butch Cassidy (Red River Books), Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1988, →ISBN, page 132:\", \"text\": \"Butch [Cassidy] gave him 3 thous in cash 1 thous for the lawyer another thous if the lawyer wins & 1 thous for Tom O'Day.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1999, Don Winslow, chapter 58, in California Fire and Life, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN; 1st Vintage Crime/Black Lizard edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, September 2007, →ISBN, page 169:\", \"text\": \"He has a few thou in the account, enough to make your everyday living expenses, not enough to keep current with the bigger bills.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2000 November, Sheri S[tewart] Tepper, “Benita”, in The Fresco, New York, N.Y.: Eos, HarperCollins, →ISBN; 1st Eos paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Eos, HarperCollins, February 2002, →ISBN, page 17:\", \"text\": \"Well, we'll need a few thou, Carlos. Got to get together a few thou first. For rent, you know. Rent and making contacts with artists, all that.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A thousand, especially a thousand of some currency (dollars, pounds sterling, etc.).\"], \"links\": [[\"thousand\", \"thousand\"], [\"currency\", \"currency\"], [\"dollar\", \"dollar\"], [\"pounds sterling\", \"pound sterling\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(slang) A thousand, especially a thousand of some currency (dollars, pounds sterling, etc.).\"], \"tags\": [\"slang\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thou\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/θaʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thou (number).wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aʊ\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
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{
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"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "thou/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English clippings\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English indeclinable nouns\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with irregular plurals\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ\", \"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 4, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"thousand\", \"3\": \"thou(sand)\"}, \"expansion\": \"Clipping of thou(sand)\", \"name\": \"clipping\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Clipping of thou(sand).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"thou\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"thou\"}, \"expansion\": \"thou (plural thou)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English slang\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1977, Larry Pointer, “Belle Fourche”, in In Search of Butch Cassidy (Red River Books), Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1988, →ISBN, page 132:\", \"text\": \"Butch [Cassidy] gave him 3 thous in cash 1 thous for the lawyer another thous if the lawyer wins & 1 thous for Tom O'Day.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1999, Don Winslow, chapter 58, in California Fire and Life, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN; 1st Vintage Crime/Black Lizard edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, September 2007, →ISBN, page 169:\", \"text\": \"He has a few thou in the account, enough to make your everyday living expenses, not enough to keep current with the bigger bills.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2000 November, Sheri S[tewart] Tepper, “Benita”, in The Fresco, New York, N.Y.: Eos, HarperCollins, →ISBN; 1st Eos paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Eos, HarperCollins, February 2002, →ISBN, page 17:\", \"text\": \"Well, we'll need a few thou, Carlos. Got to get together a few thou first. For rent, you know. Rent and making contacts with artists, all that.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A thousand, especially a thousand of some currency (dollars, pounds sterling, etc.).\"], \"links\": [[\"thousand\", \"thousand\"], [\"currency\", \"currency\"], [\"dollar\", \"dollar\"], [\"pounds sterling\", \"pound sterling\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(slang) A thousand, especially a thousand of some currency (dollars, pounds sterling, etc.).\"], \"tags\": [\"slang\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thou\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/θaʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\", \"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thou (number).wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-thou_%28number%29.wav.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-aʊ\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "thou/English/adv: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 5, \"etymology_text\": \"See though.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"thou (not comparable)\", \"name\": \"en-adv\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adv\", \"senses\": [{\"alt_of\": [{\"word\": \"though\"}], \"categories\": [\"English misspellings\"], \"glosses\": [\"Misspelling of though.\"], \"links\": [[\"though\", \"though#English\"]], \"tags\": [\"alt-of\", \"misspelling\", \"not-comparable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thō\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðəʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"enpr\": \"thō\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðoʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-though.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/En-us-though.ogg/En-us-though.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/En-us-though.ogg\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adv",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "thou/English/adv: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 5, \"etymology_text\": \"See though.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"thou (not comparable)\", \"name\": \"en-adv\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adv\", \"senses\": [{\"alt_of\": [{\"word\": \"though\"}], \"categories\": [\"English misspellings\"], \"glosses\": [\"Misspelling of though.\"], \"links\": [[\"though\", \"though#English\"]], \"tags\": [\"alt-of\", \"misspelling\", \"not-comparable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thō\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðəʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"enpr\": \"thō\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðoʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-though.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/En-us-though.ogg/En-us-though.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/En-us-though.ogg\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adv",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "thou/English/adv: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 5, \"etymology_text\": \"See though.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"thou (not comparable)\", \"name\": \"en-adv\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adv\", \"senses\": [{\"alt_of\": [{\"word\": \"though\"}], \"categories\": [\"English misspellings\"], \"glosses\": [\"Misspelling of though.\"], \"links\": [[\"though\", \"though#English\"]], \"tags\": [\"alt-of\", \"misspelling\", \"not-comparable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thō\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðəʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"enpr\": \"thō\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðoʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-though.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/En-us-though.ogg/En-us-though.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/En-us-though.ogg\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adv",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "thou/English/adv: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 5, \"etymology_text\": \"See though.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"thou (not comparable)\", \"name\": \"en-adv\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adv\", \"senses\": [{\"alt_of\": [{\"word\": \"though\"}], \"categories\": [\"English misspellings\"], \"glosses\": [\"Misspelling of though.\"], \"links\": [[\"though\", \"though#English\"]], \"tags\": [\"alt-of\", \"misspelling\", \"not-comparable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thō\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðəʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"enpr\": \"thō\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðoʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-though.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/En-us-though.ogg/En-us-though.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/En-us-though.ogg\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adv",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "thou/English/conj: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 5, \"etymology_text\": \"See though.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"thou\", \"name\": \"en-con\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"conj\", \"senses\": [{\"alt_of\": [{\"word\": \"though\"}], \"categories\": [\"English misspellings\"], \"glosses\": [\"Misspelling of though.\"], \"links\": [[\"though\", \"though#English\"]], \"tags\": [\"alt-of\", \"misspelling\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thō\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðəʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"enpr\": \"thō\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðoʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-though.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/En-us-though.ogg/En-us-though.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/En-us-though.ogg\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "conj",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "thou/English/conj: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 5, \"etymology_text\": \"See though.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"thou\", \"name\": \"en-con\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"conj\", \"senses\": [{\"alt_of\": [{\"word\": \"though\"}], \"categories\": [\"English misspellings\"], \"glosses\": [\"Misspelling of though.\"], \"links\": [[\"though\", \"though#English\"]], \"tags\": [\"alt-of\", \"misspelling\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thō\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðəʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"enpr\": \"thō\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðoʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-though.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/En-us-though.ogg/En-us-though.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/En-us-though.ogg\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "conj",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "thou/English/conj: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 5, \"etymology_text\": \"See though.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"thou\", \"name\": \"en-con\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"conj\", \"senses\": [{\"alt_of\": [{\"word\": \"though\"}], \"categories\": [\"English misspellings\"], \"glosses\": [\"Misspelling of though.\"], \"links\": [[\"though\", \"though#English\"]], \"tags\": [\"alt-of\", \"misspelling\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thō\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðəʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"enpr\": \"thō\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðoʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-though.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/En-us-though.ogg/En-us-though.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/En-us-though.ogg\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "conj",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "thou/English/conj: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English adverbs\", \"English conjunctions\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English heteronyms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English personal pronouns\", \"English second person pronouns\", \"English uncomparable adverbs\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"en:Quakerism\", \"en:Thousand\"], \"etymology_number\": 5, \"etymology_text\": \"See though.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"thou\", \"name\": \"en-con\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"conj\", \"senses\": [{\"alt_of\": [{\"word\": \"though\"}], \"categories\": [\"English misspellings\"], \"glosses\": [\"Misspelling of though.\"], \"links\": [[\"though\", \"though#English\"]], \"tags\": [\"alt-of\", \"misspelling\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"thō\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðəʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"enpr\": \"thō\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ðoʊ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-though.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/En-us-though.ogg/En-us-though.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/En-us-though.ogg\"}], \"word\": \"thou\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "conj",
"title": "thou",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d6bf104 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.