See þou on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thou",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "English: thou, tha (Yorkshire, Lancashire), thow, thu, du (Scotland), thoo (Orkney)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thou, tha (Yorkshire, Lancashire), thow, thu, du (Scotland), thoo (Orkney)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-fin",
"2": "thoo"
},
"expansion": "Fingallian: thoo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Fingallian: thoo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thou",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thou, du, thoo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thou, du, thoo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "thou",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: thou, th'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: thou, th'"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þū"
},
"expansion": "Old English þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*túh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *túh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English þū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "þe",
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
{
"form": "þin",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þi",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "þin",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "thou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þoue",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thoue",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þouȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thouȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þue",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ðhu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þeu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þeou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thugh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thogh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "towe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "you",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "accusative",
"4": "þe",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "þin",
"7": "possessive determiner",
"8": "þi, þin"
},
"expansion": "þou (accusative þe, genitive þin, possessive determiner þi, þin)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "artou"
},
{
"word": "comsteu"
},
{
"word": "connowustou"
},
{
"word": "dorstou"
},
{
"word": "hastou"
},
{
"word": "havedestou"
},
{
"word": "maistou"
},
{
"word": "miȝtou"
},
{
"word": "neltou"
},
{
"word": "tertestou"
},
{
"word": "thall"
},
{
"word": "thart"
},
{
"word": "thatou"
},
{
"word": "therstou"
},
{
"word": "þerftou"
},
{
"word": "þut"
},
{
"word": "wilte"
},
{
"word": "wiltou"
},
{
"word": "wolte"
},
{
"word": "wostou"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
38,
41
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
],
[
40,
43
]
],
"english": "\"Quiet now, Peter. I know you well; / You'll forsake me three times when the cock crows.\"",
"ref": "c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 36-37; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:",
"text": "Stille þou be peter. Wel i þe icnowe. / þou wolt fur ſake me þrien . ar þe coc him crowe.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thou (second-person singular pronoun); you"
],
"id": "en-þou-enm-pron-enm:thou",
"links": [
[
"thou",
"thou"
],
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"MED Online",
"w:Middle English Dictionary"
],
[
"University of Michigan",
"w:University of Michigan"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "I"
},
{
"word": "ich"
},
{
"word": "ik"
},
{
"word": "me"
},
{
"word": "minmi1"
},
{
"word": "min"
},
{
"word": "þe"
},
{
"word": "þinþi1"
},
{
"word": "þin"
},
{
"word": "he"
},
{
"word": "himhine2"
},
{
"word": "him"
},
{
"word": "his"
},
{
"word": "hishisen"
},
{
"word": "sche"
},
{
"word": "heo"
},
{
"word": "hireheo"
},
{
"word": "hire"
},
{
"word": "hirehires"
},
{
"word": "hiren"
},
{
"word": "hit"
},
{
"word": "hithim2"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "wit"
},
{
"word": "unk"
},
{
"word": "unker"
},
{
"word": "ȝit"
},
{
"word": "inc"
},
{
"word": "inker"
},
{
"word": "we"
},
{
"word": "us"
},
{
"word": "ous"
},
{
"word": "oure"
},
{
"word": "oureoures"
},
{
"word": "ouren"
},
{
"word": "ye"
},
{
"word": "yow"
},
{
"word": "your"
},
{
"word": "youryoures"
},
{
"word": "youren"
},
{
"word": "hemhe2"
},
{
"word": "hem"
},
{
"word": "here"
},
{
"word": "hereheres"
},
{
"word": "heren"
},
{
"word": "þei"
},
{
"word": "þem"
},
{
"word": "þeim"
},
{
"word": "þeir"
},
{
"word": "þeirþeires"
},
{
"word": "þeiren"
}
],
"senseid": [
"enm:thou"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θuː/",
"tags": [
"stressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ðuː/",
"tags": [
"stressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ðu/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tuː/",
"note": "after /t/, /d/, especially early"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu/",
"note": "after /t/, /d/, especially early"
}
],
"word": "þou"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "þou",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "thogh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of thogh"
],
"id": "en-þou-enm-adv-5eSa3TO-",
"links": [
[
"thogh",
"thogh#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "þou"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "þou",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "thogh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of thogh"
],
"id": "en-þou-enm-conj-5eSa3TO-",
"links": [
[
"thogh",
"thogh#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "þou"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English conjunctions",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English personal pronouns",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "artou"
},
{
"word": "comsteu"
},
{
"word": "connowustou"
},
{
"word": "dorstou"
},
{
"word": "hastou"
},
{
"word": "havedestou"
},
{
"word": "maistou"
},
{
"word": "miȝtou"
},
{
"word": "neltou"
},
{
"word": "tertestou"
},
{
"word": "thall"
},
{
"word": "thart"
},
{
"word": "thatou"
},
{
"word": "therstou"
},
{
"word": "þerftou"
},
{
"word": "þut"
},
{
"word": "wilte"
},
{
"word": "wiltou"
},
{
"word": "wolte"
},
{
"word": "wostou"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thou",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "English: thou, tha (Yorkshire, Lancashire), thow, thu, du (Scotland), thoo (Orkney)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thou, tha (Yorkshire, Lancashire), thow, thu, du (Scotland), thoo (Orkney)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-fin",
"2": "thoo"
},
"expansion": "Fingallian: thoo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Fingallian: thoo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thou",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thou, du, thoo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thou, du, thoo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "thou",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: thou, th'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: thou, th'"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þū"
},
"expansion": "Old English þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*túh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *túh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English þū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "þe",
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
{
"form": "þin",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þi",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "þin",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "thou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þoue",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thoue",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þouȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thouȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þue",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ðhu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þeu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þeou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thugh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "thogh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "towe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "you",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "accusative",
"4": "þe",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "þin",
"7": "possessive determiner",
"8": "þi, þin"
},
"expansion": "þou (accusative þe, genitive þin, possessive determiner þi, þin)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "I"
},
{
"word": "ich"
},
{
"word": "ik"
},
{
"word": "me"
},
{
"word": "minmi1"
},
{
"word": "min"
},
{
"word": "þe"
},
{
"word": "þinþi1"
},
{
"word": "þin"
},
{
"word": "he"
},
{
"word": "himhine2"
},
{
"word": "him"
},
{
"word": "his"
},
{
"word": "hishisen"
},
{
"word": "sche"
},
{
"word": "heo"
},
{
"word": "hireheo"
},
{
"word": "hire"
},
{
"word": "hirehires"
},
{
"word": "hiren"
},
{
"word": "hit"
},
{
"word": "hithim2"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "wit"
},
{
"word": "unk"
},
{
"word": "unker"
},
{
"word": "ȝit"
},
{
"word": "inc"
},
{
"word": "inker"
},
{
"word": "we"
},
{
"word": "us"
},
{
"word": "ous"
},
{
"word": "oure"
},
{
"word": "oureoures"
},
{
"word": "ouren"
},
{
"word": "ye"
},
{
"word": "yow"
},
{
"word": "your"
},
{
"word": "youryoures"
},
{
"word": "youren"
},
{
"word": "hemhe2"
},
{
"word": "hem"
},
{
"word": "here"
},
{
"word": "hereheres"
},
{
"word": "heren"
},
{
"word": "þei"
},
{
"word": "þem"
},
{
"word": "þeim"
},
{
"word": "þeir"
},
{
"word": "þeirþeires"
},
{
"word": "þeiren"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
38,
41
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
],
[
40,
43
]
],
"english": "\"Quiet now, Peter. I know you well; / You'll forsake me three times when the cock crows.\"",
"ref": "c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 36-37; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:",
"text": "Stille þou be peter. Wel i þe icnowe. / þou wolt fur ſake me þrien . ar þe coc him crowe.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thou (second-person singular pronoun); you"
],
"links": [
[
"thou",
"thou"
],
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"MED Online",
"w:Middle English Dictionary"
],
[
"University of Michigan",
"w:University of Michigan"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:thou"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θuː/",
"tags": [
"stressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ðuː/",
"tags": [
"stressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ðu/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tuː/",
"note": "after /t/, /d/, especially early"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu/",
"note": "after /t/, /d/, especially early"
}
],
"word": "þou"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English conjunctions",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "þou",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "thogh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of thogh"
],
"links": [
[
"thogh",
"thogh#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "þou"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English conjunctions",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "þou",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "thogh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of thogh"
],
"links": [
[
"thogh",
"thogh#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "þou"
}
Download raw JSONL data for þou meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.