See þou in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thou",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "English: thou, tha (Yorkshire, Lancashire), thow, thu, du (Scotland), thoo (Orkney)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thou, tha (Yorkshire, Lancashire), thow, thu, du (Scotland), thoo (Orkney)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thou",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thou, du, thoo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thou, du, thoo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "thou",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: thou, th'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: thou, th'"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þū"
},
"expansion": "Old English þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*túh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *túh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English þū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "þe",
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
{
"form": "þin",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þi",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "þin",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "accusative",
"4": "þe",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "þin",
"7": "possessive determiner",
"8": "þi, þin"
},
"expansion": "þou (accusative þe, genitive þin, possessive determiner þi, þin)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English personal pronouns",
"parents": [
"Personal pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "artou"
},
{
"word": "comsteu"
},
{
"word": "connowustou"
},
{
"word": "dorstou"
},
{
"word": "hastou"
},
{
"word": "havedestou"
},
{
"word": "maistou"
},
{
"word": "miȝtou"
},
{
"word": "neltou"
},
{
"word": "tertestou"
},
{
"word": "thall"
},
{
"word": "thart"
},
{
"word": "thatou"
},
{
"word": "therstou"
},
{
"word": "wilte"
},
{
"word": "wiltou"
},
{
"word": "wolte"
},
{
"word": "wostou"
},
{
"word": "þerftou"
},
{
"word": "þut"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "\"Quiet now, Peter. I know you well; / You'll forsake me three times when the cock crows.\"",
"ref": "c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 36-37; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:",
"text": "Stille þou be peter. Wel i þe icnowe. / þou wolt fur ſake me þrien . ar þe coc him crowe.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thou (second-person singular pronoun); you"
],
"id": "en-þou-enm-pron-enm:thou",
"links": [
[
"thou",
"thou"
],
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"MED Online",
"w:Middle English Dictionary"
],
[
"University of Michigan",
"w:University of Michigan"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "I"
},
{
"word": "ich"
},
{
"word": "ik"
},
{
"word": "me"
},
{
"word": "minmi1"
},
{
"word": "min"
},
{
"word": "þe"
},
{
"word": "þinþi1"
},
{
"word": "þin"
},
{
"word": "he"
},
{
"word": "himhine2"
},
{
"word": "him"
},
{
"word": "his"
},
{
"word": "hishisen"
},
{
"word": "sche"
},
{
"word": "heo"
},
{
"word": "hireheo"
},
{
"word": "hire"
},
{
"word": "hirehires"
},
{
"word": "hiren"
},
{
"word": "hit"
},
{
"word": "hithim2"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "wit"
},
{
"word": "unk"
},
{
"word": "unker"
},
{
"word": "ȝit"
},
{
"word": "inc"
},
{
"word": "inker"
},
{
"word": "we"
},
{
"word": "us"
},
{
"word": "ous"
},
{
"word": "oure"
},
{
"word": "oureoures"
},
{
"word": "ouren"
},
{
"word": "ye"
},
{
"word": "yow"
},
{
"word": "your"
},
{
"word": "youryoures"
},
{
"word": "youren"
},
{
"word": "hemhe2"
},
{
"word": "hem"
},
{
"word": "here"
},
{
"word": "hereheres"
},
{
"word": "heren"
},
{
"word": "þei"
},
{
"word": "þem"
},
{
"word": "þeim"
},
{
"word": "þeir"
},
{
"word": "þeirþeires"
},
{
"word": "þeiren"
}
],
"senseid": [
"enm:thou"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thou"
},
{
"word": "þu"
},
{
"word": "thu"
},
{
"word": "þoue"
},
{
"word": "thoue"
},
{
"word": "þowe"
},
{
"word": "thowe"
},
{
"word": "þouȝ"
},
{
"word": "thouȝ"
},
{
"word": "þue"
},
{
"word": "ðhu"
},
{
"word": "þeu"
},
{
"word": "þeou"
},
{
"word": "thugh"
},
{
"word": "thogh"
},
{
"word": "þo"
},
{
"word": "tu"
},
{
"word": "tou"
},
{
"word": "towe"
},
{
"word": "you"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θuː/",
"tags": [
"stressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ðuː/",
"tags": [
"stressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ðu/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tuː/",
"note": "after /t/, /d/, especially early"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu/",
"note": "after /t/, /d/, especially early"
}
],
"word": "þou"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "artou"
},
{
"word": "comsteu"
},
{
"word": "connowustou"
},
{
"word": "dorstou"
},
{
"word": "hastou"
},
{
"word": "havedestou"
},
{
"word": "maistou"
},
{
"word": "miȝtou"
},
{
"word": "neltou"
},
{
"word": "tertestou"
},
{
"word": "thall"
},
{
"word": "thart"
},
{
"word": "thatou"
},
{
"word": "therstou"
},
{
"word": "wilte"
},
{
"word": "wiltou"
},
{
"word": "wolte"
},
{
"word": "wostou"
},
{
"word": "þerftou"
},
{
"word": "þut"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thou",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "English: thou, tha (Yorkshire, Lancashire), thow, thu, du (Scotland), thoo (Orkney)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: thou, tha (Yorkshire, Lancashire), thow, thu, du (Scotland), thoo (Orkney)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thou",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thou, du, thoo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thou, du, thoo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "thou",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: thou, th'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: thou, th'"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þū"
},
"expansion": "Old English þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*túh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *túh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English þū, from Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "þe",
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
{
"form": "þin",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þi",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "þin",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "accusative",
"4": "þe",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "þin",
"7": "possessive determiner",
"8": "þi, þin"
},
"expansion": "þou (accusative þe, genitive þin, possessive determiner þi, þin)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "I"
},
{
"word": "ich"
},
{
"word": "ik"
},
{
"word": "me"
},
{
"word": "minmi1"
},
{
"word": "min"
},
{
"word": "þe"
},
{
"word": "þinþi1"
},
{
"word": "þin"
},
{
"word": "he"
},
{
"word": "himhine2"
},
{
"word": "him"
},
{
"word": "his"
},
{
"word": "hishisen"
},
{
"word": "sche"
},
{
"word": "heo"
},
{
"word": "hireheo"
},
{
"word": "hire"
},
{
"word": "hirehires"
},
{
"word": "hiren"
},
{
"word": "hit"
},
{
"word": "hithim2"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "wit"
},
{
"word": "unk"
},
{
"word": "unker"
},
{
"word": "ȝit"
},
{
"word": "inc"
},
{
"word": "inker"
},
{
"word": "we"
},
{
"word": "us"
},
{
"word": "ous"
},
{
"word": "oure"
},
{
"word": "oureoures"
},
{
"word": "ouren"
},
{
"word": "ye"
},
{
"word": "yow"
},
{
"word": "your"
},
{
"word": "youryoures"
},
{
"word": "youren"
},
{
"word": "hemhe2"
},
{
"word": "hem"
},
{
"word": "here"
},
{
"word": "hereheres"
},
{
"word": "heren"
},
{
"word": "þei"
},
{
"word": "þem"
},
{
"word": "þeim"
},
{
"word": "þeir"
},
{
"word": "þeirþeires"
},
{
"word": "þeiren"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English personal pronouns",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "\"Quiet now, Peter. I know you well; / You'll forsake me three times when the cock crows.\"",
"ref": "c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 36-37; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:",
"text": "Stille þou be peter. Wel i þe icnowe. / þou wolt fur ſake me þrien . ar þe coc him crowe.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thou (second-person singular pronoun); you"
],
"links": [
[
"thou",
"thou"
],
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"MED Online",
"w:Middle English Dictionary"
],
[
"University of Michigan",
"w:University of Michigan"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:thou"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θuː/",
"tags": [
"stressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ðuː/",
"tags": [
"stressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ðu/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tuː/",
"note": "after /t/, /d/, especially early"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu/",
"note": "after /t/, /d/, especially early"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thou"
},
{
"word": "þu"
},
{
"word": "thu"
},
{
"word": "þoue"
},
{
"word": "thoue"
},
{
"word": "þowe"
},
{
"word": "thowe"
},
{
"word": "þouȝ"
},
{
"word": "thouȝ"
},
{
"word": "þue"
},
{
"word": "ðhu"
},
{
"word": "þeu"
},
{
"word": "þeou"
},
{
"word": "thugh"
},
{
"word": "thogh"
},
{
"word": "þo"
},
{
"word": "tu"
},
{
"word": "tou"
},
{
"word": "towe"
},
{
"word": "you"
}
],
"word": "þou"
}
Download raw JSONL data for þou meaning in Middle English (5.0kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"þou"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "þou",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.