See yow in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "you"
},
"expansion": "English: you",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: you"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "you"
},
"expansion": "Scots: you",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: you"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ēow"
},
"expansion": "Old English ēow",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*iwwiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *iwwiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*izwiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *izwiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ēow, from Proto-West Germanic *iwwiz, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz. Initial /j/ is by analogy with ye.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ye",
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "yowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "you",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "youe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yoe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yogh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yaw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yew",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yhu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yhow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝouȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝowȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝue",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝiow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝeu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝew",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝewe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝaw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝhow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝhowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝiu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝeow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝehw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝuw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "gow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "gu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "giu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "geu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "geau",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "eou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "eow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "eo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "eowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "eu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "euwȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "æu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "owe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "heou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "heu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "nominative",
"4": "ye"
},
"expansion": "yow (nominative ye)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "I"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "me"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "minmi1"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "min"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þou"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þinþi1"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "he"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "himhine2"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "him"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "his"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hishisen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "heo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hireheo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hire"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hirehires"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hiren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hithim2"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "—"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ȝit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "inc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "inker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "we"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "us"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "oure"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "oureoures"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ouren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "your"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "youryoures"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "youren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hemhe2"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "here"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hereheres"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "heren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þei"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þeim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þeir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þeirþeires"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þeiren"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 11 12 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 8 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English personal pronouns",
"parents": [
"Personal pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1395, Geoffrey Chaucer, \"The Clerk's Tale\", Canterbury Tales, Ellesmere manuscript (c. 1410)",
"text": "certes lord / so wel vs liketh yow / And al youre werk / and euere han doon / þat we / Ne koude nat vs self deuysen how / We myghte lyuen / in moore felicitee [...].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Second-person plural object pronoun: you (plural)."
],
"id": "en-yow-enm-pron-jP2E~-~7",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 11 12 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 8 37 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English personal pronouns",
"parents": [
"Personal pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular object pronoun: you (singular)."
],
"id": "en-yow-enm-pron-5t7PAWqi",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal) second-person singular object pronoun: you (singular)."
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/juː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiu̯/"
},
{
"ipa": "/uː/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu̯/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ju/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
}
],
"word": "yow"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English personal pronouns",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "you"
},
"expansion": "English: you",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: you"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "you"
},
"expansion": "Scots: you",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: you"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ēow"
},
"expansion": "Old English ēow",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*iwwiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *iwwiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*izwiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *izwiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ēow, from Proto-West Germanic *iwwiz, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz. Initial /j/ is by analogy with ye.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ye",
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "yowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "you",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "youe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yoe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yogh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yaw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yew",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yhu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "yhow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝouȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝowȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝue",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝiow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝeu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝew",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝewe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝaw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝhow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝhowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝiu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝeow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝehw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝuw",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "gow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "gu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "giu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "geu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "geau",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "eou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "eow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "eo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "eowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "eu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "euwȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ow",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "æu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "owe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "heou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "heu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "nominative",
"4": "ye"
},
"expansion": "yow (nominative ye)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "I"
},
{
"word": "ich"
},
{
"word": "ik"
},
{
"word": "me"
},
{
"word": "minmi1"
},
{
"word": "min"
},
{
"word": "þou"
},
{
"word": "þe"
},
{
"word": "þinþi1"
},
{
"word": "þin"
},
{
"word": "he"
},
{
"word": "himhine2"
},
{
"word": "him"
},
{
"word": "his"
},
{
"word": "hishisen"
},
{
"word": "sche"
},
{
"word": "heo"
},
{
"word": "hireheo"
},
{
"word": "hire"
},
{
"word": "hirehires"
},
{
"word": "hiren"
},
{
"word": "hit"
},
{
"word": "hithim2"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "wit"
},
{
"word": "unk"
},
{
"word": "unker"
},
{
"word": "ȝit"
},
{
"word": "inc"
},
{
"word": "inker"
},
{
"word": "we"
},
{
"word": "us"
},
{
"word": "ous"
},
{
"word": "oure"
},
{
"word": "oureoures"
},
{
"word": "ouren"
},
{
"word": "ye"
},
{
"word": "your"
},
{
"word": "youryoures"
},
{
"word": "youren"
},
{
"word": "hemhe2"
},
{
"word": "hem"
},
{
"word": "here"
},
{
"word": "hereheres"
},
{
"word": "heren"
},
{
"word": "þei"
},
{
"word": "þem"
},
{
"word": "þeim"
},
{
"word": "þeir"
},
{
"word": "þeirþeires"
},
{
"word": "þeiren"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1395, Geoffrey Chaucer, \"The Clerk's Tale\", Canterbury Tales, Ellesmere manuscript (c. 1410)",
"text": "certes lord / so wel vs liketh yow / And al youre werk / and euere han doon / þat we / Ne koude nat vs self deuysen how / We myghte lyuen / in moore felicitee [...].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Second-person plural object pronoun: you (plural)."
],
"links": [
[
"you",
"you#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English formal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular object pronoun: you (singular)."
],
"links": [
[
"you",
"you#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal) second-person singular object pronoun: you (singular)."
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/juː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiu̯/"
},
{
"ipa": "/uː/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iu̯/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ju/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
}
],
"word": "yow"
}
Download raw JSONL data for yow meaning in Middle English (5.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.