See hiren in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hern",
"3": "her'n"
},
"expansion": "English: hern, her'n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hern, her'n"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hers"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From hire, with influence from min and þin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sche",
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "hirne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hern",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "huron",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "nominative",
"4": "sche"
},
"expansion": "hiren (nominative sche)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hire"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 15 22 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 18 20 19 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 15 17 16 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 18 26 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Money",
"orig": "enm:Money",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third-person singular feminine possessive pronoun: hers."
],
"id": "en-hiren-enm-pron-Z-v7S-u9",
"links": [
[
"hers",
"hers"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "I"
},
{
"word": "ich"
},
{
"word": "ik"
},
{
"word": "me"
},
{
"word": "minmi1"
},
{
"word": "min"
},
{
"word": "þou"
},
{
"word": "þe"
},
{
"word": "þinþi1"
},
{
"word": "þin"
},
{
"word": "he"
},
{
"word": "himhine2"
},
{
"word": "him"
},
{
"word": "his"
},
{
"word": "hishisen"
},
{
"word": "sche"
},
{
"word": "heo"
},
{
"word": "hireheo"
},
{
"word": "hirehires"
},
{
"word": "hit"
},
{
"word": "hithim2"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "wit"
},
{
"word": "unk"
},
{
"word": "unker"
},
{
"word": "ȝit"
},
{
"word": "inc"
},
{
"word": "inker"
},
{
"word": "we"
},
{
"word": "us"
},
{
"word": "ous"
},
{
"word": "oure"
},
{
"word": "oureoures"
},
{
"word": "ouren"
},
{
"word": "ye"
},
{
"word": "yow"
},
{
"word": "your"
},
{
"word": "youryoures"
},
{
"word": "youren"
},
{
"word": "hemhe2"
},
{
"word": "hem"
},
{
"word": "here"
},
{
"word": "hereheres"
},
{
"word": "heren"
},
{
"word": "þei"
},
{
"word": "þem"
},
{
"word": "þeim"
},
{
"word": "þeir"
},
{
"word": "þeirþeires"
},
{
"word": "þeiren"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hires"
},
{
"word": "hire"
}
]
}
],
"word": "hiren"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hire"
},
"expansion": "English: hire",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hire"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hire"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hire",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hire"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to hire"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hȳrian"
},
"expansion": "Old English hȳrian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hūʀijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hūʀijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hire",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "wages",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "wages"
},
"expansion": "hire (“wages”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hȳrian, from Proto-West Germanic *hūʀijan; equivalent to hire (“wages”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hireth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hirende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hirynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hired",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hiren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to hiren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hired",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hirest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiredest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hireth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hired",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hired",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hireden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hirede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hireth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hirynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hirende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hired",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yhired",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hyer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hyre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hyren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "here",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "hure",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"West-Midlands"
]
},
{
"form": "huren",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"West-Midlands"
]
},
{
"form": "hury",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"West-Midlands"
]
},
{
"form": "huyre",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"West-Midlands"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "hiren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "hir"
},
"expansion": "hiren (third-person singular simple present hireth, present participle hirende, hirynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hired)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hir"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hire"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hire man"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hirlyng"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 18 26 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Money",
"orig": "enm:Money",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 29 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hire (a person or thing)"
],
"id": "en-hiren-enm-verb-iLuwuHNA",
"links": [
[
"hire",
"hire"
],
[
"person",
"person#English"
],
[
"thing",
"thing#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 18 26 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Money",
"orig": "enm:Money",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 29 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pay, especially as a bribe."
],
"id": "en-hiren-enm-verb-csp8Unus",
"links": [
[
"pay",
"pay"
],
[
"bribe",
"bribe"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 0 0 0 80",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Business",
"orig": "enm:Business",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 18 26 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Money",
"orig": "enm:Money",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 29 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To accept employment."
],
"id": "en-hiren-enm-verb--~fxrr1N",
"links": [
[
"accept",
"accept"
],
[
"employment",
"employment"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhiːrən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhyːriː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhyːrən/",
"tags": [
"West-Midlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈheːr(ə)/",
"tags": [
"East-Anglia",
"Kent"
]
}
],
"word": "hiren"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "hiren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "theirs",
"word": "heren"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 18 26 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Money",
"orig": "enm:Money",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of heren (“theirs”)"
],
"id": "en-hiren-enm-pron-T4~DJa1m",
"links": [
[
"heren",
"heren#Middle_English:_theirs"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "hiren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English personal pronouns",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Business",
"enm:Money"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hern",
"3": "her'n"
},
"expansion": "English: hern, her'n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hern, her'n"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hers"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From hire, with influence from min and þin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sche",
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "hirne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hern",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "huron",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "nominative",
"4": "sche"
},
"expansion": "hiren (nominative sche)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "I"
},
{
"word": "ich"
},
{
"word": "ik"
},
{
"word": "me"
},
{
"word": "minmi1"
},
{
"word": "min"
},
{
"word": "þou"
},
{
"word": "þe"
},
{
"word": "þinþi1"
},
{
"word": "þin"
},
{
"word": "he"
},
{
"word": "himhine2"
},
{
"word": "him"
},
{
"word": "his"
},
{
"word": "hishisen"
},
{
"word": "sche"
},
{
"word": "heo"
},
{
"word": "hireheo"
},
{
"word": "hire"
},
{
"word": "hirehires"
},
{
"word": "hit"
},
{
"word": "hithim2"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "wit"
},
{
"word": "unk"
},
{
"word": "unker"
},
{
"word": "ȝit"
},
{
"word": "inc"
},
{
"word": "inker"
},
{
"word": "we"
},
{
"word": "us"
},
{
"word": "ous"
},
{
"word": "oure"
},
{
"word": "oureoures"
},
{
"word": "ouren"
},
{
"word": "ye"
},
{
"word": "yow"
},
{
"word": "your"
},
{
"word": "youryoures"
},
{
"word": "youren"
},
{
"word": "hemhe2"
},
{
"word": "hem"
},
{
"word": "here"
},
{
"word": "hereheres"
},
{
"word": "heren"
},
{
"word": "þei"
},
{
"word": "þem"
},
{
"word": "þeim"
},
{
"word": "þeir"
},
{
"word": "þeirþeires"
},
{
"word": "þeiren"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Third-person singular feminine possessive pronoun: hers."
],
"links": [
[
"hers",
"hers"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hires"
},
{
"word": "hire"
}
],
"word": "hiren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Business",
"enm:Money"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hire"
},
"expansion": "English: hire",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hire"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hire"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hire",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hire"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to hire"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hȳrian"
},
"expansion": "Old English hȳrian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hūʀijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hūʀijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hire",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "wages",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "wages"
},
"expansion": "hire (“wages”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hȳrian, from Proto-West Germanic *hūʀijan; equivalent to hire (“wages”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hireth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hirende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hirynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hired",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hiren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to hiren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hired",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hirest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiredest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hireth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hired",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hired",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hireden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hirede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hireth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hirynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hirende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hired",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yhired",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hire",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hyer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hyre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hyren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "here",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "hure",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"West-Midlands"
]
},
{
"form": "huren",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"West-Midlands"
]
},
{
"form": "hury",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"West-Midlands"
]
},
{
"form": "huyre",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"West-Midlands"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "hiren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "hir"
},
"expansion": "hiren (third-person singular simple present hireth, present participle hirende, hirynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hired)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hir"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "hire"
},
{
"word": "hire man"
},
{
"word": "hirlyng"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To hire (a person or thing)"
],
"links": [
[
"hire",
"hire"
],
[
"person",
"person#English"
],
[
"thing",
"thing#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To pay, especially as a bribe."
],
"links": [
[
"pay",
"pay"
],
[
"bribe",
"bribe"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To accept employment."
],
"links": [
[
"accept",
"accept"
],
[
"employment",
"employment"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhiːrən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhyːriː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhyːrən/",
"tags": [
"West-Midlands"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈheːr(ə)/",
"tags": [
"East-Anglia",
"Kent"
]
}
],
"word": "hiren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Business",
"enm:Money"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "hiren",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "theirs",
"word": "heren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of heren (“theirs”)"
],
"links": [
[
"heren",
"heren#Middle_English:_theirs"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "hiren"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hiren meaning in Middle English (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.