See hem in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hem meaning in Middle English (7.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "'em",
"3": "hem"
},
"expansion": "English: 'em, hem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: 'em, hem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "aam"
},
"expansion": "Yola: aam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: aam"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "heom"
},
"expansion": "Old English heom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*himaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *himaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hiz"
},
"expansion": "*hiz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þem"
},
"expansion": "þem",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English heom, from Proto-Germanic *himaz, masculine and neuter dative plural of *hiz. Compare þem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "he",
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "nominative",
"4": "he"
},
"expansion": "hem (nominative he)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "I"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "me"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "minmi1"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "min"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þou"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þinþi1"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "he"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "himhine2"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "him"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "his"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hishisen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "heo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hireheo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hire"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hirehires"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hiren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hithim2"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "—"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ȝit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "inc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "inker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "we"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "us"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "oure"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "oureoures"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ouren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "yow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "your"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "youryoures"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "youren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hemhe2"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "here"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hereheres"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "heren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þei"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þeim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þeir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þeirþeires"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þeiren"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 30 32 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And many little birds make melody / That sleep through all the night with open eye / (So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)",
"text": "14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 9–11.\nAnd smale foweles maken melodye, / That slepen al the nyght with open eye- / (So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41",
"text": "And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1539, Murdoch Nisbet, The New Testament",
"text": "He prayis hem to lyue releg[ious] lyff[is] and to luk waraly for the cummyng of the lord.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third-person plural accusative pronoun: them"
],
"id": "en-hem-enm-pron-enm:them",
"links": [
[
"them",
"them"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:them"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 30 32 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English personal pronouns",
"parents": [
"Personal pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 23 24 31 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"themselves"
],
"id": "en-hem-enm-pron-QupA9gjO",
"links": [
[
"themselves",
"themselves"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) themselves"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "heme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hemme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "heom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "heon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hoem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "home"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "huem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ham"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hame"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "him"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hym"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "em"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "am"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ȝam"
}
],
"word": "hem"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hem"
},
"expansion": "English: hem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hem",
"3": "heme"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hem, heme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hem, heme"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hemm"
},
"expansion": "Old English hemm",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hemm. See English hem for more.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "hem",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hem (edge of cloth or garment)"
],
"id": "en-hem-enm-noun-OBwCB7aa",
"links": [
[
"hem",
"#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 30 32 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"edge, boundary"
],
"id": "en-hem-enm-noun-bDJq8WV5",
"links": [
[
"edge",
"edge"
],
[
"boundary",
"boundary"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "heme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hemme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hemn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hemne"
}
],
"word": "hem"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "hem",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "him",
"word": "him"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 30 32 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of him (“him”)"
],
"id": "en-hem-enm-pron-vywGsfEz",
"links": [
[
"him",
"him#Middle_English:_him"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "hem"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English personal pronouns",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "'em",
"3": "hem"
},
"expansion": "English: 'em, hem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: 'em, hem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "aam"
},
"expansion": "Yola: aam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: aam"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "heom"
},
"expansion": "Old English heom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*himaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *himaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hiz"
},
"expansion": "*hiz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þem"
},
"expansion": "þem",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English heom, from Proto-Germanic *himaz, masculine and neuter dative plural of *hiz. Compare þem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "he",
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "nominative",
"4": "he"
},
"expansion": "hem (nominative he)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "I"
},
{
"word": "ich"
},
{
"word": "ik"
},
{
"word": "me"
},
{
"word": "minmi1"
},
{
"word": "min"
},
{
"word": "þou"
},
{
"word": "þe"
},
{
"word": "þinþi1"
},
{
"word": "þin"
},
{
"word": "he"
},
{
"word": "himhine2"
},
{
"word": "him"
},
{
"word": "his"
},
{
"word": "hishisen"
},
{
"word": "sche"
},
{
"word": "heo"
},
{
"word": "hireheo"
},
{
"word": "hire"
},
{
"word": "hirehires"
},
{
"word": "hiren"
},
{
"word": "hit"
},
{
"word": "hithim2"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "wit"
},
{
"word": "unk"
},
{
"word": "unker"
},
{
"word": "ȝit"
},
{
"word": "inc"
},
{
"word": "inker"
},
{
"word": "we"
},
{
"word": "us"
},
{
"word": "ous"
},
{
"word": "oure"
},
{
"word": "oureoures"
},
{
"word": "ouren"
},
{
"word": "ye"
},
{
"word": "yow"
},
{
"word": "your"
},
{
"word": "youryoures"
},
{
"word": "youren"
},
{
"word": "hemhe2"
},
{
"word": "here"
},
{
"word": "hereheres"
},
{
"word": "heren"
},
{
"word": "þei"
},
{
"word": "þem"
},
{
"word": "þeim"
},
{
"word": "þeir"
},
{
"word": "þeirþeires"
},
{
"word": "þeiren"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And many little birds make melody / That sleep through all the night with open eye / (So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)",
"text": "14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 9–11.\nAnd smale foweles maken melodye, / That slepen al the nyght with open eye- / (So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41",
"text": "And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1539, Murdoch Nisbet, The New Testament",
"text": "He prayis hem to lyue releg[ious] lyff[is] and to luk waraly for the cummyng of the lord.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third-person plural accusative pronoun: them"
],
"links": [
[
"them",
"them"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:them"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"themselves"
],
"links": [
[
"themselves",
"themselves"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) themselves"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "heme"
},
{
"word": "hemme"
},
{
"word": "heom"
},
{
"word": "heon"
},
{
"word": "hoem"
},
{
"word": "hom"
},
{
"word": "home"
},
{
"word": "huem"
},
{
"word": "hum"
},
{
"word": "ham"
},
{
"word": "hame"
},
{
"word": "him"
},
{
"word": "hym"
},
{
"word": "em"
},
{
"word": "am"
},
{
"word": "ȝam"
}
],
"word": "hem"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hem"
},
"expansion": "English: hem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hem",
"3": "heme"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hem, heme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hem, heme"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hemm"
},
"expansion": "Old English hemm",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hemm. See English hem for more.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "hem",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hem (edge of cloth or garment)"
],
"links": [
[
"hem",
"#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"edge, boundary"
],
"links": [
[
"edge",
"edge"
],
[
"boundary",
"boundary"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "heme"
},
{
"word": "hemme"
},
{
"word": "hemn"
},
{
"word": "hemne"
}
],
"word": "hem"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English pronouns"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "hem",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "him",
"word": "him"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of him (“him”)"
],
"links": [
[
"him",
"him#Middle_English:_him"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "hem"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"hem"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "hem",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.