See bum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bun",
"3": "",
"4": "base, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since the 1300s, as Middle English bom (found in John Trevisa's 1387 Translation of the 'Polychronicon' of Ranulph Higden, \"his bom is oute\"), of uncertain origin. Sometimes suggested to be a shortening of botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”), but this is contradicted by the fact that bottom is not attested in reference to the buttocks until the late 1700s. Suggested by some old and modern references to be onomatopoeic.\nCompare also Old Irish, Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (plural bums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Commonwealth English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 9 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English onomatopoeias",
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{
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "31 30 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 6 3 10 13 2 4 15 6 2 11 3 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 30 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 27 10 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 6 2 11 15 2 3 16 6 3 12 2 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 37 8 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kwak'wala translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 37 8 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malayalam translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 6 4 12 10 3 7 13 6 3 11 4 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 6 2 11 15 2 3 16 6 3 12 2 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 28 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 7 2 11 14 1 3 16 6 3 12 2 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 29 10 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 4 0 7 64 3 0 7 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Buttocks",
"orig": "en:Buttocks",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Okay, everyone sit on your bum and try and touch your toes.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:bum."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The buttocks."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-noun-XkqOSKZ3",
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
],
[
"buttocks",
"buttocks"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal or childish, chiefly Commonwealth) The buttocks."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "buttocks"
}
],
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"childish",
"informal"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadnik",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "задник"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gat"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kont"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reet"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"Flemish",
"feminine"
],
"word": "poep"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "achterwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "achterste"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "peppu"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "perse"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "takapuoli"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "pylly"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cul"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "cuíño"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hintern"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Po"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"childish",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Popo"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "popós",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ποπός"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pisinós",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πισινός"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"childish",
"humorous"
],
"word": "popsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"childish"
],
"word": "popó"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rass"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bossi"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bundún"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "deretano"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "didietro"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "culo"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sedere"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "canti",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "ചന്തി"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pupa"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "nalgas"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "cu"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ânus"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "traseiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bunda"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bumbum"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cur"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fund"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zádnica",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "за́дница"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "màs"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tòn"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "ano"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "trasero"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "häck"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "rumpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stjärt"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "kuṇṭi",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "குண்டி"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dúpa",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "ду́па"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sráka",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "сра́ка"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zad",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "зад"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dupe",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "дупе"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "billen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bips"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "peppu"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "pakarat"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "takapuoli"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "fesses"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "opísthia",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "οπίσθια"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "glutei"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "chiappe"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "nalgas"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bunda"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "nádegas"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bumbum"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "buci"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zádnica",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "за́дница"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "màs"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tòn"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "nalgas"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "skinkor"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dúpa",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "ду́па"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sráka",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "сра́ка"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Commonwealth English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Steven L. Ablon, Daniel P. Brown, Edward J. Khantzian, Human Feelings: Explorations in Affect Development and Meaning, page 132:",
"text": "John said that when he was little he stuck his finger in his bum and tasted his poopies and it was good.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Jonathan Nicholas, Who'd be a copper?: Thirty years a frontline British cop:",
"text": "What could the man possibly be hiding up his bum anyway?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Lisa Keenan-Lindsay, Cheryl Sams, Constance L. O'Connor, Maternal Child Nursing Care in Canada, page 118:",
"text": "Do you have intercourse (i.e., Do you penetrate your partner in the vagina or anus [bum]? Or does your partner penetrate your vagina or anus [bum])?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Jean Renvoize, Innocence Destroyed: A Study of Child Sexual Abuse:",
"text": "[…] and said Daddy had put a finger up her bum.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The anus."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-noun-TO8onq6H",
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
],
[
"anus",
"anus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal or childish, chiefly Commonwealth) The anus."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "anus"
}
],
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"childish",
"informal"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anus"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "perse"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "anus"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "perseenreikä"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cul"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trou du cul"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Anus"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ano"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "kwk",
"lang": "Kwak'wala",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "mengas"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "cu"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ânus"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brioco"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "toba"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cur"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anus"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "màs"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tòn"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anus"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rövhål"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bun",
"3": "",
"4": "base, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since the 1300s, as Middle English bom (found in John Trevisa's 1387 Translation of the 'Polychronicon' of Ranulph Higden, \"his bom is oute\"), of uncertain origin. Sometimes suggested to be a shortening of botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”), but this is contradicted by the fact that bottom is not attested in reference to the buttocks until the late 1700s. Suggested by some old and modern references to be onomatopoeic.\nCompare also Old Irish, Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 1 10 11 2 3 12 6 1 1 0 11 2 1 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 9 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 6 3 12 11 3 6 13 8 3 11 4 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 7 3 10 13 2 5 15 7 4 11 2 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 7 3 10 13 1 4 15 8 3 11 3 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 30 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 6 3 10 13 2 4 15 6 2 11 3 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 23 7 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 30 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 27 10 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 6 2 11 15 2 3 16 6 3 12 2 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 6 4 12 10 3 7 13 6 3 11 4 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 6 2 11 15 2 3 16 6 3 12 2 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 28 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 7 2 11 14 1 3 16 6 3 12 2 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 29 10 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2016 December 3, “Soph Aspin Send”, performed by Millie B:",
"text": "Your bars are fake and my bars are real; / Is it true you got bummed on a field?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To sodomize; to engage in anal sex."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-verb-RmFv-EnX",
"links": [
[
"sodomize",
"sodomize"
],
[
"anal",
"anal"
],
[
"sex",
"sex"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, Ireland, transitive, colloquial) To sodomize; to engage in anal sex."
],
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"UK",
"colloquial",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bun",
"3": "",
"4": "base, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since the 1300s, as Middle English bom (found in John Trevisa's 1387 Translation of the 'Polychronicon' of Ranulph Higden, \"his bom is oute\"), of uncertain origin. Sometimes suggested to be a shortening of botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”), but this is contradicted by the fact that bottom is not attested in reference to the buttocks until the late 1700s. Suggested by some old and modern references to be onomatopoeic.\nCompare also Old Irish, Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "en-interjection"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 1 10 11 2 3 12 6 1 1 0 11 2 1 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 9 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 6 3 12 11 3 6 13 8 3 11 4 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 30 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 4 5 4 11 8 2 13 15 5 2 10 3 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 30 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 27 10 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 6 2 11 15 2 3 16 6 3 12 2 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 6 4 12 10 3 7 13 6 3 11 4 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 6 2 11 15 2 3 16 6 3 12 2 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 28 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 7 2 11 14 1 3 16 6 3 12 2 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 29 10 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bare-bum"
},
{
"word": "belfie"
},
{
"word": "builder's bum"
},
{
"word": "bum bag"
},
{
"word": "bum boy"
},
{
"word": "bumboy"
},
{
"word": "bum-breathing"
},
{
"word": "bum bum"
},
{
"word": "bum-bum"
},
{
"word": "bum burp"
},
{
"word": "bum cheeks"
},
{
"word": "bum chum"
},
{
"word": "bum-clock"
},
{
"word": "bum crack"
},
{
"word": "bumfluff"
},
{
"word": "bum-fluff"
},
{
"word": "bum fluff"
},
{
"word": "bum-fluffed"
},
{
"word": "bumfodder"
},
{
"word": "bum fodder"
},
{
"word": "bumfoolery"
},
{
"word": "bumfreezer"
},
{
"word": "Bumfuck"
},
{
"word": "bumfuck"
},
{
"word": "bum-fuck nowhere"
},
{
"word": "bum fuck nowhere"
},
{
"word": "bum gun"
},
{
"word": "bum head"
},
{
"word": "bumhole"
},
{
"word": "bumload"
},
{
"word": "bumlord"
},
{
"word": "bum roll"
},
{
"word": "bum sex"
},
{
"word": "bumshoving"
},
{
"word": "bums in seats"
},
{
"word": "bum squabble"
},
{
"word": "bum-squabble"
},
{
"word": "bum squabbled"
},
{
"word": "bumster"
},
{
"word": "bumsters"
},
{
"word": "bumsucker"
},
{
"word": "bum-sucker"
},
{
"word": "bum-sucking"
},
{
"word": "bumtastic"
},
{
"word": "bumwad"
},
{
"word": "bum wine"
},
{
"word": "front bum"
},
{
"word": "head down, bum up"
},
{
"word": "kick up the bum"
},
{
"word": "land with one's bum in the butter"
},
{
"word": "pain in the bum"
},
{
"word": "shitbum"
},
{
"word": "squeaky bum time"
},
{
"word": "underbum"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(more vulgar)"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Jill Mansell, Sheer Mischief:",
"text": "Maxine tried hers. ‘Oh bum,’ she said crossly. ‘The sugar isn’t sugar. It’s salt.’",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An expression of annoyance."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-intj-en:intj",
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, Ireland, childish, euphemistic) An expression of annoyance."
],
"senseid": [
"en:intj"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "arse"
}
],
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"UK",
"childish",
"euphemistic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bummer",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from bummer",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Bummler",
"4": "",
"5": "loafer"
},
"expansion": "German Bummler (“loafer”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1864, back-formation from bummer, from German Bummler (“loafer”), from bummeln (“to loaf”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (plural bums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 4 5 4 11 8 2 13 15 5 2 10 3 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 8 6 20 23 8 4 5 5 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 11 3 11 18 8 3 4 3 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 9 5 10 25 9 3 3 3 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Navajo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 7 9 0 0 21 16 10 7 0 0 4 9 7 0 5 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A homeless person, usually a man."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-noun-en:hobo",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"homeless",
"homeless"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"usually",
"usually"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, sometimes derogatory) A homeless person, usually a man."
],
"senseid": [
"en:hobo"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tramp"
},
{
"word": "vagrant"
},
{
"word": "wanderer"
},
{
"word": "vagabond"
},
{
"word": "vagabond"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"derogatory",
"sometimes"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezdelnik",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "безделник"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nehranimajko",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нехранимайко"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biēsān",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "瘪三"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qǐgài",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "乞丐"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "landloper"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vagebond"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dakloze"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zwerver"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "vagabondo"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "trampo"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "vaganto"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "vagulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "hulttio"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "pummi"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "renttu"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "vagabond"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Penner"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "Wohnsitzlose"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "csavargó"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vagabondo"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fannullone"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barbone"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"alt": "きつかい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kitsukai",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "乞丐"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kudaranai yatsu",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "くだらないやつ"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rokudenashi",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "ろくでなし"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"alt": "乞丐",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geolgae",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "걸개"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "planus"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "errō"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bomzis"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "naʼałjidí"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bezdomny"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"masculine"
],
"word": "menel"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sem-teto"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vagabond"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "boschetar"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "aurolac"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bomž",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бомж"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poprošájka",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "попроша́йка"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "brodjága",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бродя́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "povaľač"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bezdomovec"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tulák"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vagabundo"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vago"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "lodare"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "lodis"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "luffare"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "uteliggare"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "tràmpiʼína"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bomž",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "бомж"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 1 10 11 2 3 12 6 1 1 0 11 2 1 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 6 3 12 11 3 6 13 8 3 11 4 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 7 3 10 13 2 5 15 7 4 11 2 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 7 3 10 13 1 4 15 8 3 11 3 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "5 7 6 3 10 13 2 4 15 6 2 11 3 2 12",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "7 4 5 4 11 8 2 13 15 5 2 10 3 3 8",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "3 6 6 2 11 15 2 3 16 6 3 12 2 1 12",
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"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "3 6 6 4 12 10 3 7 13 6 3 11 4 3 10",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "8 9 4 4 10 8 2 10 14 6 2 9 3 3 8",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
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"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "3 6 6 2 11 15 2 3 16 6 3 12 2 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "4 6 7 2 11 14 1 3 16 6 3 12 2 1 13",
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"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Fred is becoming a bum—he’s not even bothering to work more than once a month.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "That mechanic’s a bum—he couldn’t fix a yo-yo.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "That guy keeps interrupting the concert. Throw the bum out!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1987, “Fairytale of New York”, performed by The Pogues:",
"text": "You’re a bum / You’re a punk / You’re an old slut on junk / Lying there almost dead on a drip in that bed",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1988, Michael Weikath (lyrics and music), “Keeper of the Seven Keys”, in Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II, performed by Helloween:",
"text": "Man who do you just think you are? / A silly bum with seven stars",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lazy, incompetent, or annoying person, usually a man."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-noun-bMC5y7UL",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"lazy",
"lazy"
],
[
"incompetent",
"incompetent"
],
[
"annoying",
"annoying"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, sometimes derogatory) A lazy, incompetent, or annoying person, usually a man."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "loafer"
},
{
"word": "bumpkin"
},
{
"word": "footler"
},
{
"word": "idler"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"derogatory",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "en:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 9 4 5 25 10 3 3 2 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Trade him to another team, he’s a bum!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Laura Hillenbrand, Seabiscuit: An American Legend:",
"text": "Seabiscuit, wrote another reporter, “was a hero in California and a pretty fair sort of horse in the midwest. In the east, however, he was just a ‘bumʼ”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A player or racer who often performs poorly."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-noun-3eLnnniS",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"player",
"player"
],
[
"racer",
"racer"
],
[
"poorly",
"poorly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, sports) A player or racer who often performs poorly."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 18 67 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "player or racer who performs poorly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocard"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A drinking spree."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-noun-wHR2p-TL",
"links": [
[
"drinking",
"drinking"
],
[
"spree",
"spree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) A drinking spree."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "binge"
},
{
"word": "bender"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bummer",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: bummer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: bummer"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bomma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bomma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bomma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bummer",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from bummer",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Bummler",
"4": "",
"5": "loafer"
},
"expansion": "German Bummler (“loafer”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1864, back-formation from bummer, from German Bummler (“loafer”), from bummeln (“to loaf”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Can I bum a cigarette off you?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To ask someone to give one (something) for free; to beg for something."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-verb-R-icT7As",
"links": [
[
"beg",
"beg"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) To ask someone to give one (something) for free; to beg for something."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"British"
],
"word": "cadge"
},
{
"word": "scrounge"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "somrovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vysomrovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "bietsen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "aftroggelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "pummata"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "taper"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "schnorren"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "oziare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "vagabondare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "bomme"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "implorar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kljánčitʹ",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "кля́нчить"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I think I’ll just bum around downtown for a while until dinner.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stay idle and unproductive, like a hobo or vagabond."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-verb-EyOpiqSG",
"links": [
[
"idle",
"idle"
],
[
"unproductive",
"unproductive"
],
[
"hobo",
"hobo"
],
[
"vagabond",
"vagabond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, colloquial) To stay idle and unproductive, like a hobo or vagabond."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "loiter"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to stay idle and unproductive",
"word": "glander"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to stay idle and unproductive",
"word": "glandouiller"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 7 1 10 11 2 3 12 6 1 1 0 11 2 1 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 6 3 12 11 3 6 13 8 3 11 4 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 7 3 10 13 2 5 15 7 4 11 2 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 7 3 10 13 1 4 15 8 3 11 3 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 6 3 10 13 2 4 15 6 2 11 3 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 6 2 11 15 2 3 16 6 3 12 2 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 6 2 11 15 2 3 16 6 3 12 2 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 7 2 11 14 1 3 16 6 3 12 2 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 5 3 12 11 3 7 14 6 3 12 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 11 3 4 24 9 3 4 3 22 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 8 6 20 23 8 4 5 5 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 9 4 5 25 10 3 3 2 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 11 3 11 18 8 3 4 3 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 9 5 10 25 9 3 3 3 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Navajo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 9 4 6 24 9 4 4 3 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Taos translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To wet the end of a marijuana cigarette (spliff)."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-verb-tmZr1FOm",
"links": [
[
"wet",
"wet"
],
[
"marijuana",
"marijuana"
],
[
"cigarette",
"cigarette"
],
[
"spliff",
"spliff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang, British) To wet the end of a marijuana cigarette (spliff)."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"slang",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bum trip"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "beach bum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bum around"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bum calf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bum deal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bum factory"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bumhood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bummery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bummy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bum rap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bum-rush"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bum rush"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bumsicle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bum's rush"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bum steer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "corporate welfare bum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "on the bum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "saddle-bum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "saddle bum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "saddlebum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shovelbum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ski bum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stewbum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stumblebum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "welfare bum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bummer",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from bummer",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Bummler",
"4": "",
"5": "loafer"
},
"expansion": "German Bummler (“loafer”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1864, back-formation from bummer, from German Bummler (“loafer”), from bummeln (“to loaf”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bummer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "bummest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "bum (comparative bummer, superlative bummest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 11 3 11 18 8 3 4 3 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bum note",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of poor quality or highly undesirable."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-adj-LsB~~gAs",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Of poor quality or highly undesirable."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povreden",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "повреден"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "negoden",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "негоден"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "mies"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "schlecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "miserabel"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "erbärmlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "armselig"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "scadente"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a bum deal",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unfair."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-adj-H0LiK5s-",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Unfair."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 96 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nečesten",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "нечестен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unsauber"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unfair"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unlauter"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unredlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unehrlich"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 7 11 3 4 24 9 3 4 3 22 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 11 3 11 18 8 3 4 3 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I can’t play football anymore on account of my bum knee.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Injured and without the possibility of full repair, defective."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-adj-jGI8lUgE",
"links": [
[
"defective",
"defective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Injured and without the possibility of full repair, defective."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "duff"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "17 3 70 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "defective",
"word": "nachhaltig beschädigt"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 3 70 11",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "defective",
"word": "vacak"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 3 70 11",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "defective",
"word": "selejtes"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He had a bum trip on that mescaline.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unpleasant or unhappy."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-adj-xNTLn4e-",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Unpleasant or unhappy."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bum out"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from bum out",
"name": "back-form"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from bum out.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To depress; to make unhappy."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-verb--rtuDVy9",
"links": [
[
"depress",
"depress"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "See boom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (plural bums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A humming noise."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-noun-A3NgcWmN",
"links": [
[
"hum",
"hum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A humming noise."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "See boom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bumble"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1722, William Hamilton, The Wallace:",
"text": "English men bum there [Stirling] as thick as bees.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a murmuring or humming sound."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-verb-YdvgZUjB",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make a murmuring or humming sound."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (plural bums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bumbailiff"
},
{
"word": "bumtrap"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1705, Bernard Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees:",
"text": "About her Chariot, and behind, / Were Sergeants, Bums of every kind, / Tip-staffs, and all those Officers, / That squeeze a Living out of Tears.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bumbailiff."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-noun--cX2~YYF",
"links": [
[
"bumbailiff",
"bumbailiff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A bumbailiff."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English onomatopoeias",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kwak'wala translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bun",
"3": "",
"4": "base, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since the 1300s, as Middle English bom (found in John Trevisa's 1387 Translation of the 'Polychronicon' of Ranulph Higden, \"his bom is oute\"), of uncertain origin. Sometimes suggested to be a shortening of botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”), but this is contradicted by the fact that bottom is not attested in reference to the buttocks until the late 1700s. Suggested by some old and modern references to be onomatopoeic.\nCompare also Old Irish, Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (plural bums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Commonwealth English",
"English childish terms",
"English informal terms",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Okay, everyone sit on your bum and try and touch your toes.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:bum."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The buttocks."
],
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
],
[
"buttocks",
"buttocks"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal or childish, chiefly Commonwealth) The buttocks."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "buttocks"
}
],
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"childish",
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Commonwealth English",
"English childish terms",
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Steven L. Ablon, Daniel P. Brown, Edward J. Khantzian, Human Feelings: Explorations in Affect Development and Meaning, page 132:",
"text": "John said that when he was little he stuck his finger in his bum and tasted his poopies and it was good.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Jonathan Nicholas, Who'd be a copper?: Thirty years a frontline British cop:",
"text": "What could the man possibly be hiding up his bum anyway?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Lisa Keenan-Lindsay, Cheryl Sams, Constance L. O'Connor, Maternal Child Nursing Care in Canada, page 118:",
"text": "Do you have intercourse (i.e., Do you penetrate your partner in the vagina or anus [bum]? Or does your partner penetrate your vagina or anus [bum])?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Jean Renvoize, Innocence Destroyed: A Study of Child Sexual Abuse:",
"text": "[…] and said Daddy had put a finger up her bum.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The anus."
],
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
],
[
"anus",
"anus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal or childish, chiefly Commonwealth) The anus."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "anus"
}
],
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"childish",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadnik",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "задник"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kont"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reet"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"Flemish",
"feminine"
],
"word": "poep"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "achterwerk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "achterste"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "peppu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "perse"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "takapuoli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "pylly"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cul"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "cuíño"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hintern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Po"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"childish",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Popo"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "popós",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ποπός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pisinós",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πισινός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"childish",
"humorous"
],
"word": "popsi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"childish"
],
"word": "popó"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rass"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bossi"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bundún"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "deretano"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "didietro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "culo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sedere"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "canti",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "ചന്തി"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pupa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "nalgas"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "cu"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ânus"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "traseiro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bunda"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bumbum"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cur"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fund"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zádnica",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "за́дница"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "màs"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tòn"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "ano"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "trasero"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "häck"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "rumpa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stjärt"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "kuṇṭi",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "குண்டி"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dúpa",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "ду́па"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sráka",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "сра́ка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zad",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "зад"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dupe",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "дупе"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "billen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bips"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "peppu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "pakarat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "takapuoli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "fesses"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "opísthia",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "οπίσθια"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "glutei"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "chiappe"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "nalgas"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bunda"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "nádegas"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bumbum"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "buci"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zádnica",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "за́дница"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "màs"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tòn"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "nalgas"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "skinkor"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dúpa",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "ду́па"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sráka",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "сра́ка"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "perse"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "anus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "perseenreikä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cul"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trou du cul"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Anus"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ano"
},
{
"code": "kwk",
"lang": "Kwak'wala",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "mengas"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "cu"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ânus"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brioco"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "toba"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cur"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anus"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "màs"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tòn"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anus"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rövhål"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English onomatopoeias",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kwak'wala translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bun",
"3": "",
"4": "base, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since the 1300s, as Middle English bom (found in John Trevisa's 1387 Translation of the 'Polychronicon' of Ranulph Higden, \"his bom is oute\"), of uncertain origin. Sometimes suggested to be a shortening of botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”), but this is contradicted by the fact that bottom is not attested in reference to the buttocks until the late 1700s. Suggested by some old and modern references to be onomatopoeic.\nCompare also Old Irish, Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English colloquialisms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Irish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2016 December 3, “Soph Aspin Send”, performed by Millie B:",
"text": "Your bars are fake and my bars are real; / Is it true you got bummed on a field?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To sodomize; to engage in anal sex."
],
"links": [
[
"sodomize",
"sodomize"
],
[
"anal",
"anal"
],
[
"sex",
"sex"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, Ireland, transitive, colloquial) To sodomize; to engage in anal sex."
],
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"UK",
"colloquial",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English onomatopoeias",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kwak'wala translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bare-bum"
},
{
"word": "belfie"
},
{
"word": "builder's bum"
},
{
"word": "bum bag"
},
{
"word": "bum boy"
},
{
"word": "bumboy"
},
{
"word": "bum-breathing"
},
{
"word": "bum bum"
},
{
"word": "bum-bum"
},
{
"word": "bum burp"
},
{
"word": "bum cheeks"
},
{
"word": "bum chum"
},
{
"word": "bum-clock"
},
{
"word": "bum crack"
},
{
"word": "bumfluff"
},
{
"word": "bum-fluff"
},
{
"word": "bum fluff"
},
{
"word": "bum-fluffed"
},
{
"word": "bumfodder"
},
{
"word": "bum fodder"
},
{
"word": "bumfoolery"
},
{
"word": "bumfreezer"
},
{
"word": "Bumfuck"
},
{
"word": "bumfuck"
},
{
"word": "bum-fuck nowhere"
},
{
"word": "bum fuck nowhere"
},
{
"word": "bum gun"
},
{
"word": "bum head"
},
{
"word": "bumhole"
},
{
"word": "bumload"
},
{
"word": "bumlord"
},
{
"word": "bum roll"
},
{
"word": "bum sex"
},
{
"word": "bumshoving"
},
{
"word": "bums in seats"
},
{
"word": "bum squabble"
},
{
"word": "bum-squabble"
},
{
"word": "bum squabbled"
},
{
"word": "bumster"
},
{
"word": "bumsters"
},
{
"word": "bumsucker"
},
{
"word": "bum-sucker"
},
{
"word": "bum-sucking"
},
{
"word": "bumtastic"
},
{
"word": "bumwad"
},
{
"word": "bum wine"
},
{
"word": "front bum"
},
{
"word": "head down, bum up"
},
{
"word": "kick up the bum"
},
{
"word": "land with one's bum in the butter"
},
{
"word": "pain in the bum"
},
{
"word": "shitbum"
},
{
"word": "squeaky bum time"
},
{
"word": "underbum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bun",
"3": "",
"4": "base, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since the 1300s, as Middle English bom (found in John Trevisa's 1387 Translation of the 'Polychronicon' of Ranulph Higden, \"his bom is oute\"), of uncertain origin. Sometimes suggested to be a shortening of botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”), but this is contradicted by the fact that bottom is not attested in reference to the buttocks until the late 1700s. Suggested by some old and modern references to be onomatopoeic.\nCompare also Old Irish, Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "en-interjection"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English childish terms",
"English euphemisms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Irish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(more vulgar)"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Jill Mansell, Sheer Mischief:",
"text": "Maxine tried hers. ‘Oh bum,’ she said crossly. ‘The sugar isn’t sugar. It’s salt.’",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An expression of annoyance."
],
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, Ireland, childish, euphemistic) An expression of annoyance."
],
"senseid": [
"en:intj"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "arse"
}
],
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"UK",
"childish",
"euphemistic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English back-formations",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from German",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Taos translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bummer",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from bummer",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Bummler",
"4": "",
"5": "loafer"
},
"expansion": "German Bummler (“loafer”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1864, back-formation from bummer, from German Bummler (“loafer”), from bummeln (“to loaf”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (plural bums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"A homeless person, usually a man."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"homeless",
"homeless"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"usually",
"usually"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, sometimes derogatory) A homeless person, usually a man."
],
"senseid": [
"en:hobo"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tramp"
},
{
"word": "vagrant"
},
{
"word": "wanderer"
},
{
"word": "vagabond"
},
{
"word": "vagabond"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"derogatory",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Fred is becoming a bum—he’s not even bothering to work more than once a month.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "That mechanic’s a bum—he couldn’t fix a yo-yo.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "That guy keeps interrupting the concert. Throw the bum out!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1987, “Fairytale of New York”, performed by The Pogues:",
"text": "You’re a bum / You’re a punk / You’re an old slut on junk / Lying there almost dead on a drip in that bed",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1988, Michael Weikath (lyrics and music), “Keeper of the Seven Keys”, in Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II, performed by Helloween:",
"text": "Man who do you just think you are? / A silly bum with seven stars",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lazy, incompetent, or annoying person, usually a man."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"lazy",
"lazy"
],
[
"incompetent",
"incompetent"
],
[
"annoying",
"annoying"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, sometimes derogatory) A lazy, incompetent, or annoying person, usually a man."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "loafer"
},
{
"word": "bumpkin"
},
{
"word": "footler"
},
{
"word": "idler"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"derogatory",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Sports"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Trade him to another team, he’s a bum!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Laura Hillenbrand, Seabiscuit: An American Legend:",
"text": "Seabiscuit, wrote another reporter, “was a hero in California and a pretty fair sort of horse in the midwest. In the east, however, he was just a ‘bumʼ”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A player or racer who often performs poorly."
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"player",
"player"
],
[
"racer",
"racer"
],
[
"poorly",
"poorly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, sports) A player or racer who often performs poorly."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"A drinking spree."
],
"links": [
[
"drinking",
"drinking"
],
[
"spree",
"spree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) A drinking spree."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "binge"
},
{
"word": "bender"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezdelnik",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "безделник"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nehranimajko",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нехранимайко"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biēsān",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "瘪三"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qǐgài",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "乞丐"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "landloper"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vagebond"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dakloze"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zwerver"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "vagabondo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "trampo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "vaganto"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "vagulo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "hulttio"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "pummi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "renttu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "vagabond"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Penner"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "Wohnsitzlose"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "csavargó"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vagabondo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fannullone"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barbone"
},
{
"alt": "きつかい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kitsukai",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "乞丐"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kudaranai yatsu",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "くだらないやつ"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rokudenashi",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "ろくでなし"
},
{
"alt": "乞丐",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geolgae",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "걸개"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "planus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "errō"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bomzis"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "naʼałjidí"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bezdomny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"masculine"
],
"word": "menel"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sem-teto"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vagabond"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "boschetar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "aurolac"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bomž",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бомж"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poprošájka",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "попроша́йка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "brodjága",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бродя́га"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "povaľač"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bezdomovec"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tulák"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vagabundo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vago"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "lodare"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "lodis"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "luffare"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "uteliggare"
},
{
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "tràmpiʼína"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bomž",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "бомж"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "player or racer who performs poorly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocard"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English back-formations",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from German",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Taos translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bummer",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: bummer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: bummer"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bomma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bomma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bomma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bummer",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from bummer",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Bummler",
"4": "",
"5": "loafer"
},
"expansion": "German Bummler (“loafer”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1864, back-formation from bummer, from German Bummler (“loafer”), from bummeln (“to loaf”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Can I bum a cigarette off you?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To ask someone to give one (something) for free; to beg for something."
],
"links": [
[
"beg",
"beg"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) To ask someone to give one (something) for free; to beg for something."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"British"
],
"word": "cadge"
},
{
"word": "scrounge"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I think I’ll just bum around downtown for a while until dinner.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stay idle and unproductive, like a hobo or vagabond."
],
"links": [
[
"idle",
"idle"
],
[
"unproductive",
"unproductive"
],
[
"hobo",
"hobo"
],
[
"vagabond",
"vagabond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, colloquial) To stay idle and unproductive, like a hobo or vagabond."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "loiter"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English slang",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To wet the end of a marijuana cigarette (spliff)."
],
"links": [
[
"wet",
"wet"
],
[
"marijuana",
"marijuana"
],
[
"cigarette",
"cigarette"
],
[
"spliff",
"spliff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang, British) To wet the end of a marijuana cigarette (spliff)."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"slang",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "somrovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vysomrovat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "bietsen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "aftroggelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "pummata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "taper"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "schnorren"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "oziare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "vagabondare"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "bomme"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "implorar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kljánčitʹ",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "кля́нчить"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to stay idle and unproductive",
"word": "glander"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to stay idle and unproductive",
"word": "glandouiller"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English back-formations",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from German",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Taos translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bum trip"
},
{
"word": "beach bum"
},
{
"word": "bum around"
},
{
"word": "bum calf"
},
{
"word": "bum deal"
},
{
"word": "bum factory"
},
{
"word": "bumhood"
},
{
"word": "bummery"
},
{
"word": "bummy"
},
{
"word": "bum rap"
},
{
"word": "bum-rush"
},
{
"word": "bum rush"
},
{
"word": "bumsicle"
},
{
"word": "bum's rush"
},
{
"word": "bum steer"
},
{
"word": "corporate welfare bum"
},
{
"word": "on the bum"
},
{
"word": "saddle-bum"
},
{
"word": "saddle bum"
},
{
"word": "saddlebum"
},
{
"word": "shovelbum"
},
{
"word": "ski bum"
},
{
"word": "stewbum"
},
{
"word": "stumblebum"
},
{
"word": "welfare bum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bummer",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from bummer",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Bummler",
"4": "",
"5": "loafer"
},
"expansion": "German Bummler (“loafer”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1864, back-formation from bummer, from German Bummler (“loafer”), from bummeln (“to loaf”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bummer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "bummest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "bum (comparative bummer, superlative bummest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bum note",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of poor quality or highly undesirable."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Of poor quality or highly undesirable."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a bum deal",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unfair."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Unfair."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I can’t play football anymore on account of my bum knee.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Injured and without the possibility of full repair, defective."
],
"links": [
[
"defective",
"defective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Injured and without the possibility of full repair, defective."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "duff"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He had a bum trip on that mescaline.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unpleasant or unhappy."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Unpleasant or unhappy."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povreden",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "повреден"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "negoden",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "негоден"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "mies"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "schlecht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "miserabel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "erbärmlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "armselig"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "scadente"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nečesten",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "нечестен"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unsauber"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unfair"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unlauter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unredlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unehrlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "defective",
"word": "nachhaltig beschädigt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "defective",
"word": "vacak"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "defective",
"word": "selejtes"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English back-formations",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bum out"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from bum out",
"name": "back-form"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from bum out.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To depress; to make unhappy."
],
"links": [
[
"depress",
"depress"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "See boom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (plural bums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"A humming noise."
],
"links": [
[
"hum",
"hum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A humming noise."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bumble"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "See boom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1722, William Hamilton, The Wallace:",
"text": "English men bum there [Stirling] as thick as bees.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a murmuring or humming sound."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make a murmuring or humming sound."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English three-letter words",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bumbailiff"
},
{
"word": "bumtrap"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (plural bums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1705, Bernard Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees:",
"text": "About her Chariot, and behind, / Were Sergeants, Bums of every kind, / Tip-staffs, and all those Officers, / That squeeze a Living out of Tears.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bumbailiff."
],
"links": [
[
"bumbailiff",
"bumbailiff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A bumbailiff."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bum meaning in English (50.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.