See planus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "People",
"orig": "la:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "explānō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plānē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plānitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plānitūdō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plānō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plānum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "pranu"
}
],
"lang": "Insular Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sassarese",
"lang_code": "sdc",
"word": "pianu"
}
],
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "pianu"
},
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "piàn"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "piano"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "chiano"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "chianu"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "piàn"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "plan"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "plan"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "pian"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "plàn"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "planiv"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "plàn"
},
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "plain"
}
],
"lang": "Northern",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "pla"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "plan"
}
],
"lang": "Southern",
"lang_code": "sdh"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "llanu"
},
{
"lang": "Leonese",
"lang_code": "roa-leo",
"word": "chanu"
},
{
"lang": "Mirandese",
"lang_code": "mwl",
"word": "chano"
}
],
"lang": "Old Leonese",
"lang_code": "roa-ole",
"word": "lano"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "chan"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "chão"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "chão"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "yano"
},
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "ייאנו"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "llano"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "lano"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "planu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plan"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plan"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plano"
},
{
"lang": "Mirandese",
"lang_code": "mwl",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "praino"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plano"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"word": "lau"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Basque",
"lang_code": "euq-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*lanu"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plano"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*plānos<ety:inh<ine-pro:<alt:*pl̥h₂nós><id:flattened><ety:af<ine-pro:*pleh₂-<id:flat>><ine-pro:*-nós<id:verbal adjectives>>>>>",
"id": "level",
"title": "plānus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂nós\nProto-Italic *plānos\nLatin plānus\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*plānos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"plānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"level\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"plānus\" id=\"Latin:_level\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*plānos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *plānos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pl̥h₂-nó-s",
"5": "flattened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂-nó-s (“flattened”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plónas",
"t": "thin, slender"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian plónas (“thin, slender”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "palma"
},
"expansion": "Latin palma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂nós\nProto-Italic *plānos\nLatin plānus\nFrom Proto-Italic *plānos, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂-nó-s (“flattened”) or *pleh₂-no-s, from *pleh₂- (“flat”). Between *pl̥h₂-nó-s or *pleh₂-no-s, the former option is preferable as it contains the expected ablaut grade and is fully phonologically regular. However, there are comparable Baltic forms—such as Lithuanian plónas (“thin, slender”)—that seemingly show a different ablaut-grade, though these have inner-Baltic explanations.\nFurther related to Latin palma, planta, plautus, palam, palātum, and likely pellō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plānus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "plāna",
"links": [
[
"plāna",
"plana"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "plānum",
"links": [
[
"plānum",
"planum"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "planior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "planissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "plānē",
"links": [
[
"plānē",
"plane"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plānus",
"links": [
[
"plānus",
"planus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plāna",
"links": [
[
"plāna",
"plana#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānum",
"links": [
[
"plānum",
"planum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānī",
"links": [
[
"plānī",
"plani#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plānae",
"links": [
[
"plānae",
"planae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plāna",
"links": [
[
"plāna",
"plana#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plānī",
"links": [
[
"plānī",
"plani#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānae",
"links": [
[
"plānae",
"planae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānī",
"links": [
[
"plānī",
"plani#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānōrum",
"links": [
[
"plānōrum",
"planorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plānārum",
"links": [
[
"plānārum",
"planarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plānōrum",
"links": [
[
"plānōrum",
"planorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plānō",
"links": [
[
"plānō",
"plano#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānae",
"links": [
[
"plānae",
"planae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānō",
"links": [
[
"plānō",
"plano#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānīs",
"links": [
[
"plānīs",
"planis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plānum",
"links": [
[
"plānum",
"planum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānam",
"links": [
[
"plānam",
"planam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānum",
"links": [
[
"plānum",
"planum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānōs",
"links": [
[
"plānōs",
"planos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plānās",
"links": [
[
"plānās",
"planas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plāna",
"links": [
[
"plāna",
"plana#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plānō",
"links": [
[
"plānō",
"plano#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānā",
"links": [
[
"plānā",
"plana#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānō",
"links": [
[
"plānō",
"plano#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānīs",
"links": [
[
"plānīs",
"planis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plāne",
"links": [
[
"plāne",
"plane#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plāna",
"links": [
[
"plāna",
"plana#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plānum",
"links": [
[
"plānum",
"planum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plānī",
"links": [
[
"plānī",
"plani#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plānae",
"links": [
[
"plānae",
"planae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plāna",
"links": [
[
"plāna",
"plana#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plānus",
"adv": "plānē",
"comp": "planior",
"sup": "planissimus"
},
"expansion": "plānus (feminine plāna, neuter plānum, comparative planior, superlative planissimus, adverb plānē); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plānus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "impār"
},
{
"word": "inīquus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"level, flat, even"
],
"id": "en-planus-la-adj-pSsewmjD",
"links": [
[
"level",
"level"
],
[
"flat",
"flat"
],
[
"even",
"even"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aequus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"intelligible, clear"
],
"id": "en-planus-la-adj-y8-y9qja",
"links": [
[
"intelligible",
"intelligible"
],
[
"clear",
"clear"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɫaː.nʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈplaː.nus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "planus"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "People",
"orig": "la:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tramp"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πλάνος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πλάνος (plános)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek πλάνος (plános), itself from πλᾰνάω (plănáō, “to wander”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "planī",
"links": [
[
"planī",
"plani"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "planus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "planī",
"links": [
[
"planī",
"plani#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "planī",
"links": [
[
"planī",
"plani#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "planōrum",
"links": [
[
"planōrum",
"planorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "planō",
"links": [
[
"planō",
"plano#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "planīs",
"links": [
[
"planīs",
"planis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "planum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "planōs",
"links": [
[
"planōs",
"planos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "planō",
"links": [
[
"planō",
"plano#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "planīs",
"links": [
[
"planīs",
"planis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plane",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "planī",
"links": [
[
"planī",
"plani#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "planus<2>"
},
"expansion": "planus m (genitive planī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "planus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tramp, hobo, vagabond, bum"
],
"id": "en-planus-la-noun-RRtW27C2",
"links": [
[
"tramp",
"tramp"
],
[
"hobo",
"hobo"
],
[
"vagabond",
"vagabond"
],
[
"bum",
"bum"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 26 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 40 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a cheat, impostor"
],
"id": "en-planus-la-noun-0Eh1GXQf",
"links": [
[
"cheat",
"cheat"
],
[
"impostor",
"impostor"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɫa.nʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈplaː.nus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "planus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pel- (fold)",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₂-",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleth₂-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"la:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "explānō"
},
{
"word": "plānē"
},
{
"word": "plānitās"
},
{
"word": "plānitūdō"
},
{
"word": "plānō"
},
{
"word": "plānum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "pranu"
}
],
"lang": "Insular Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sassarese",
"lang_code": "sdc",
"word": "pianu"
}
],
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "pianu"
},
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "piàn"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "piano"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "chiano"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "chianu"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "piàn"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "plan"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "plan"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "pian"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "plàn"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "planiv"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "plàn"
},
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "plain"
}
],
"lang": "Northern",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "pla"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "plan"
}
],
"lang": "Southern",
"lang_code": "sdh"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "llanu"
},
{
"lang": "Leonese",
"lang_code": "roa-leo",
"word": "chanu"
},
{
"lang": "Mirandese",
"lang_code": "mwl",
"word": "chano"
}
],
"lang": "Old Leonese",
"lang_code": "roa-ole",
"word": "lano"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "chan"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "chão"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "chão"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "yano"
},
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "ייאנו"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "llano"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "lano"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "planu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plan"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plan"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plano"
},
{
"lang": "Mirandese",
"lang_code": "mwl",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "praino"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plano"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"word": "lau"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Basque",
"lang_code": "euq-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*lanu"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "plano"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*plānos<ety:inh<ine-pro:<alt:*pl̥h₂nós><id:flattened><ety:af<ine-pro:*pleh₂-<id:flat>><ine-pro:*-nós<id:verbal adjectives>>>>>",
"id": "level",
"title": "plānus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂nós\nProto-Italic *plānos\nLatin plānus\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*plānos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"plānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"level\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"plānus\" id=\"Latin:_level\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*plānos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *plānos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pl̥h₂-nó-s",
"5": "flattened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂-nó-s (“flattened”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plónas",
"t": "thin, slender"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian plónas (“thin, slender”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "palma"
},
"expansion": "Latin palma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *pel-?\nProto-Indo-European *pleh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂nós\nProto-Italic *plānos\nLatin plānus\nFrom Proto-Italic *plānos, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂-nó-s (“flattened”) or *pleh₂-no-s, from *pleh₂- (“flat”). Between *pl̥h₂-nó-s or *pleh₂-no-s, the former option is preferable as it contains the expected ablaut grade and is fully phonologically regular. However, there are comparable Baltic forms—such as Lithuanian plónas (“thin, slender”)—that seemingly show a different ablaut-grade, though these have inner-Baltic explanations.\nFurther related to Latin palma, planta, plautus, palam, palātum, and likely pellō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plānus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "plāna",
"links": [
[
"plāna",
"plana"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "plānum",
"links": [
[
"plānum",
"planum"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "planior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "planissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "plānē",
"links": [
[
"plānē",
"plane"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plānus",
"links": [
[
"plānus",
"planus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plāna",
"links": [
[
"plāna",
"plana#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānum",
"links": [
[
"plānum",
"planum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānī",
"links": [
[
"plānī",
"plani#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plānae",
"links": [
[
"plānae",
"planae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plāna",
"links": [
[
"plāna",
"plana#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plānī",
"links": [
[
"plānī",
"plani#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānae",
"links": [
[
"plānae",
"planae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānī",
"links": [
[
"plānī",
"plani#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānōrum",
"links": [
[
"plānōrum",
"planorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plānārum",
"links": [
[
"plānārum",
"planarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plānōrum",
"links": [
[
"plānōrum",
"planorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plānō",
"links": [
[
"plānō",
"plano#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānae",
"links": [
[
"plānae",
"planae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānō",
"links": [
[
"plānō",
"plano#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānīs",
"links": [
[
"plānīs",
"planis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plānum",
"links": [
[
"plānum",
"planum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānam",
"links": [
[
"plānam",
"planam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānum",
"links": [
[
"plānum",
"planum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānōs",
"links": [
[
"plānōs",
"planos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plānās",
"links": [
[
"plānās",
"planas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plāna",
"links": [
[
"plāna",
"plana#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plānō",
"links": [
[
"plānō",
"plano#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānā",
"links": [
[
"plānā",
"plana#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānō",
"links": [
[
"plānō",
"plano#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plānīs",
"links": [
[
"plānīs",
"planis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plāne",
"links": [
[
"plāne",
"plane#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plāna",
"links": [
[
"plāna",
"plana#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plānum",
"links": [
[
"plānum",
"planum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plānī",
"links": [
[
"plānī",
"plani#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plānae",
"links": [
[
"plānae",
"planae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plāna",
"links": [
[
"plāna",
"plana#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plānus",
"adv": "plānē",
"comp": "planior",
"sup": "planissimus"
},
"expansion": "plānus (feminine plāna, neuter plānum, comparative planior, superlative planissimus, adverb plānē); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plānus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "impār"
},
{
"word": "inīquus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"level, flat, even"
],
"links": [
[
"level",
"level"
],
[
"flat",
"flat"
],
[
"even",
"even"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aequus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"intelligible, clear"
],
"links": [
[
"intelligible",
"intelligible"
],
[
"clear",
"clear"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɫaː.nʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈplaː.nus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "planus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:People"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tramp"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πλάνος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πλάνος (plános)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek πλάνος (plános), itself from πλᾰνάω (plănáō, “to wander”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "planī",
"links": [
[
"planī",
"plani"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "planus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "planī",
"links": [
[
"planī",
"plani#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "planī",
"links": [
[
"planī",
"plani#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "planōrum",
"links": [
[
"planōrum",
"planorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "planō",
"links": [
[
"planō",
"plano#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "planīs",
"links": [
[
"planīs",
"planis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "planum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "planōs",
"links": [
[
"planōs",
"planos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "planō",
"links": [
[
"planō",
"plano#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "planīs",
"links": [
[
"planīs",
"planis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plane",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "planī",
"links": [
[
"planī",
"plani#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "planus<2>"
},
"expansion": "planus m (genitive planī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "planus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a tramp, hobo, vagabond, bum"
],
"links": [
[
"tramp",
"tramp"
],
[
"hobo",
"hobo"
],
[
"vagabond",
"vagabond"
],
[
"bum",
"bum"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a cheat, impostor"
],
"links": [
[
"cheat",
"cheat"
],
[
"impostor",
"impostor"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɫa.nʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈplaː.nus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "planus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for planus meaning in Latin (14.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (e62056b and e7887d5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.