See bum on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bum meaning in All languages combined (73.2kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "botme",
"3": "botme, botom, bottum",
"4": "bottom"
},
"expansion": "botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bottom"
},
"expansion": "bottom",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bun",
"3": "",
"4": "base, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since the 1300s, as Middle English bom (found in John Trevisa's 1387 Translation of the 'Polychronicon' of Ranulph Higden, \"his bom is oute\"), of uncertain origin. Sometimes suggested to be a shortening of botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”), but this is contradicted by the fact that bottom is not attested in reference to the buttocks until the late 1700s. Suggested by some old and modern references to be onomatopoeic. Compare also Old Irish, Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (plural bums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Commonwealth English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 3 6 58 3 3 4 2 2 0 0 7 1 1 3 1 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Buttocks",
"orig": "en:Buttocks",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Okay, everyone sit on your bum and try and touch your toes.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:bum."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The buttocks."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-noun-XkqOSKZ3",
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
],
[
"buttocks",
"buttocks"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal or childish, chiefly Commonwealth) The buttocks."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "buttocks"
}
],
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"childish",
"informal"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadnik",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "задник"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gat"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kont"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reet"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"Flemish",
"feminine"
],
"word": "poep"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "achterwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "achterste"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "peppu"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "perse"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "takapuoli"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "pylly"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cul"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hintern"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Po"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"childish",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Popo"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "popós",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ποπός"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pisinós",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πισινός"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"childish",
"humorous"
],
"word": "popsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"childish"
],
"word": "popó"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rass"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bossi"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bundún"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "deretano"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "didietro"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "culo"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sedere"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "canti",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "ചന്തി"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pupa"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "nalgas"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "cu"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ânus"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "traseiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bunda"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bumbum"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cur"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fund"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zádnica",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "за́дница"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "màs"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tòn"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "ano"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "trasero"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "häck"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "rumpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stjärt"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "kuṇṭi",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "குண்டி"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dúpa",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "ду́па"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sráka",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "сра́ка"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zad",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "зад"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dupe",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "дупе"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "billen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bips"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "peppu"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "pakarat"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "takapuoli"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "fesses"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "opísthia",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "οπίσθια"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "glutei"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "chiappe"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "nalgas"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bunda"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "nádegas"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bumbum"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "buci"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zádnica",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "за́дница"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "màs"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tòn"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "nalgas"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "skinkor"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dúpa",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "ду́па"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sráka",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "сра́ка"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Commonwealth English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Steven L. Ablon, Daniel P. Brown, Edward J. Khantzian, Human Feelings: Explorations in Affect Development and Meaning, page 132",
"text": "John said that when he was little he stuck his finger in his bum and tasted his poopies and it was good.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Jonathan Nicholas, Who'd be a copper?: Thirty years a frontline British cop",
"text": "What could the man possibly be hiding up his bum anyway?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Lisa Keenan-Lindsay, Cheryl Sams, Constance L. O'Connor, Maternal Child Nursing Care in Canada, page 118",
"text": "Do you have intercourse (i.e., Do you penetrate your partner in the vagina or anus [bum]? Or does your partner penetrate your vagina or anus [bum])?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Jean Renvoize, Innocence Destroyed: A Study of Child Sexual Abuse",
"text": "[…] and said Daddy had put a finger up her bum.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The anus."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-noun-TO8onq6H",
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
],
[
"anus",
"anus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal or childish, chiefly Commonwealth) The anus."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "anus"
}
],
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"childish",
"informal"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anus"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "perse"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "anus"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "perseenreikä"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cul"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trou du cul"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Anus"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ano"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "kwk",
"lang": "Kwak'wala",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "mengas"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "cu"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ânus"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brioco"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "toba"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cur"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anus"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "màs"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tòn"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anus"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rövhål"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "botme",
"3": "botme, botom, bottum",
"4": "bottom"
},
"expansion": "botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bottom"
},
"expansion": "bottom",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bun",
"3": "",
"4": "base, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since the 1300s, as Middle English bom (found in John Trevisa's 1387 Translation of the 'Polychronicon' of Ranulph Higden, \"his bom is oute\"), of uncertain origin. Sometimes suggested to be a shortening of botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”), but this is contradicted by the fact that bottom is not attested in reference to the buttocks until the late 1700s. Suggested by some old and modern references to be onomatopoeic. Compare also Old Irish, Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 7 7 7 10 2 3 12 6 1 1 0 19 2 2 14 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 5 8 14 1 4 8 5 1 1 0 26 3 2 9 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2016 December 3, “Soph Aspin Send”, performed by Millie B",
"text": "Your bars are fake and my bars are real / Is it true you got bummed on a field",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To sodomize; to engage in anal sex."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-verb-RmFv-EnX",
"links": [
[
"sodomize",
"sodomize"
],
[
"anal",
"anal"
],
[
"sex",
"sex"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, transitive, colloquial) To sodomize; to engage in anal sex."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"colloquial",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "botme",
"3": "botme, botom, bottum",
"4": "bottom"
},
"expansion": "botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bottom"
},
"expansion": "bottom",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bun",
"3": "",
"4": "base, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since the 1300s, as Middle English bom (found in John Trevisa's 1387 Translation of the 'Polychronicon' of Ranulph Higden, \"his bom is oute\"), of uncertain origin. Sometimes suggested to be a shortening of botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”), but this is contradicted by the fact that bottom is not attested in reference to the buttocks until the late 1700s. Suggested by some old and modern references to be onomatopoeic. Compare also Old Irish, Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "en-interjection"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bare-bum"
},
{
"word": "beach bum"
},
{
"word": "builder's bum"
},
{
"word": "bum bag"
},
{
"word": "bum boy"
},
{
"word": "bum-breathing"
},
{
"word": "bum bum"
},
{
"word": "bum-bum"
},
{
"word": "bum burp"
},
{
"word": "bum calf"
},
{
"word": "bum cheeks"
},
{
"word": "bum chum"
},
{
"word": "bum-clock"
},
{
"word": "bum crack"
},
{
"word": "bum deal"
},
{
"word": "bum fluff"
},
{
"word": "bumfluff"
},
{
"word": "bum-fluff"
},
{
"word": "bum-fluffed"
},
{
"word": "bum fodder"
},
{
"word": "bum fuck nowhere"
},
{
"word": "bum-fuck nowhere"
},
{
"word": "bum gun"
},
{
"word": "bum head"
},
{
"word": "bumhole"
},
{
"word": "bum roll"
},
{
"word": "bum-rush"
},
{
"word": "bum rush"
},
{
"word": "bum sex"
},
{
"word": "bums in seats"
},
{
"word": "bum-squabble"
},
{
"word": "bum squabble"
},
{
"word": "bum squabbled"
},
{
"word": "bum steer"
},
{
"word": "bum-sucker"
},
{
"word": "bum-sucking"
},
{
"word": "bum wine"
},
{
"word": "front bum"
},
{
"word": "head down, bum up"
},
{
"word": "kick up the bum"
},
{
"word": "land with one's bum in the butter"
},
{
"word": "pain in the bum"
},
{
"word": "saddle-bum"
},
{
"word": "saddle bum"
},
{
"word": "ski bum"
},
{
"word": "squeaky bum time"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(more vulgar)"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Jill Mansell, Sheer Mischief",
"text": "Maxine tried hers. 'Oh bum,' she said crossly. 'The sugar isn't sugar. It's salt.'",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An expression of annoyance."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-intj-en:intj",
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, childish, euphemistic) An expression of annoyance."
],
"senseid": [
"en:intj"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "arse"
}
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"childish",
"euphemistic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bummer",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from bummer",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Bummler",
"4": "",
"5": "loafer"
},
"expansion": "German Bummler (“loafer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bummeln",
"3": "",
"4": "to loaf"
},
"expansion": "bummeln (“to loaf”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1864, back-formation from bummer, from German Bummler (“loafer”), from bummeln (“to loaf”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (plural bums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 7 7 0 0 21 16 11 7 0 0 4 9 7 0 5 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A homeless person, usually a man."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-noun-en:hobo",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"homeless",
"homeless"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"usually",
"usually"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, derogatory) A homeless person, usually a man."
],
"senseid": [
"en:hobo"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tramp"
},
{
"word": "vagrant"
},
{
"word": "wanderer"
},
{
"word": "vagabond"
},
{
"word": "vagabond"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"derogatory"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezdelnik",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "безделник"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nehranimajko",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нехранимайко"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biēsān",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "瘪三"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qǐgài",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "乞丐"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "landloper"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vagebond"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dakloze"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zwerver"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "vagabondo"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "trampo"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "vaganto"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "vagulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "hulkur"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "hulttio"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "pummi"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "renttu"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "vagabond"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Penner"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "Wohnsitzlose"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "csavargó"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vagabondo"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fannullone"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barbone"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"alt": "きつかい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kitsukai",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "乞丐"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kudaranai yatsu",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "くだらないやつ"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rokudenashi",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "ろくでなし"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"alt": "乞丐",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geolgae",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "걸개"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "planus"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "errō"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "naʼałjidí"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bezdomny"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"masculine"
],
"word": "menel"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sem-teto"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vagabond"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "boschetar"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "aurolac"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bomž",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бомж"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poprošájka",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "попроша́йка"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "brodjága",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бродя́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "povaľač"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bezdomovec"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tulák"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vagabundo"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vago"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "lodare"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "lodis"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "luffare"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "uteliggare"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "tràmpiʼína"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 5 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bomž",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "бомж"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 10 11 5 17 9 3 4 4 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Fred is becoming a bum - he's not even bothering to work more than once a month.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "That mechanic's a bum - he couldn't fix a yo-yo.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "That guy keeps interrupting the concert. Throw the bum out!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1987, “Fairytale of New York”, performed by The Pogues",
"text": "You're a bum / You're a punk / You're an old slut on junk / Lying there almost dead on a drip in that bed",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1988, Michael Weikath (lyrics and music), “Keeper of the Seven Keys”, in Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II, performed by Helloween",
"text": "Man who do you just think you are? / A silly bum with seven stars",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lazy, incompetent, or annoying person, usually a man."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-noun-bMC5y7UL",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"lazy",
"lazy"
],
[
"incompetent",
"incompetent"
],
[
"annoying",
"annoying"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, derogatory) A lazy, incompetent, or annoying person, usually a man."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "loafer"
},
{
"word": "bumpkin"
},
{
"word": "footler"
},
{
"word": "idler"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"derogatory"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "en:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Trade him to another team, he's a bum!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Laura Hillenbrand, Seabiscuit: An American Legend",
"text": "Seabiscuit, wrote another reporter, “was a hero in California and a pretty fair sort of horse in the midwest. In the east, however, he was just a ‘bumʼ”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A player or racer who often performs poorly."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-noun-3eLnnniS",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"player",
"player"
],
[
"racer",
"racer"
],
[
"poorly",
"poorly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, sports) A player or racer who often performs poorly."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 16 68 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "player or racer who performs poorly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocard"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A drinking spree."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-noun-wHR2p-TL",
"links": [
[
"drinking",
"drinking"
],
[
"spree",
"spree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) A drinking spree."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "binge"
},
{
"word": "bender"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bummer",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: bummer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: bummer"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bomma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bomma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bomma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bummer",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from bummer",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Bummler",
"4": "",
"5": "loafer"
},
"expansion": "German Bummler (“loafer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bummeln",
"3": "",
"4": "to loaf"
},
"expansion": "bummeln (“to loaf”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1864, back-formation from bummer, from German Bummler (“loafer”), from bummeln (“to loaf”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Can I bum a cigarette off you?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To ask someone to give one (something) for free; to beg for something."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-verb-R-icT7As",
"links": [
[
"beg",
"beg"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) To ask someone to give one (something) for free; to beg for something."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"British"
],
"word": "cadge"
},
{
"word": "scrounge"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "somrovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vysomrovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "bietsen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "aftroggelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "pummata"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "taper"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "schnorren"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "oziare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "vagabondare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "bomme"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "implorar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 3 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kljánčitʹ",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "кля́нчить"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I think I'll just bum around downtown for a while until dinner.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stay idle and unproductive, like a hobo or vagabond."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-verb-EyOpiqSG",
"links": [
[
"idle",
"idle"
],
[
"unproductive",
"unproductive"
],
[
"hobo",
"hobo"
],
[
"vagabond",
"vagabond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, colloquial) To stay idle and unproductive, like a hobo or vagabond."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "loiter"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to stay idle and unproductive",
"word": "glander"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to stay idle and unproductive",
"word": "glandouiller"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 10 11 5 17 9 3 4 4 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To wet the end of a marijuana cigarette (spliff)."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-verb-tmZr1FOm",
"links": [
[
"wet",
"wet"
],
[
"marijuana",
"marijuana"
],
[
"cigarette",
"cigarette"
],
[
"spliff",
"spliff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang, British) To wet the end of a marijuana cigarette (spliff)."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"slang",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bum around"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bumbailiff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bum rap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bum's rush"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "corporate welfare bum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "on the bum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "welfare bum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bummer",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from bummer",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Bummler",
"4": "",
"5": "loafer"
},
"expansion": "German Bummler (“loafer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bummeln",
"3": "",
"4": "to loaf"
},
"expansion": "bummeln (“to loaf”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1864, back-formation from bummer, from German Bummler (“loafer”), from bummeln (“to loaf”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bummer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "bummest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bummer"
},
"expansion": "bum (comparative bummer, superlative bummest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bum note",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of poor quality or highly undesirable."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-adj-LsB~~gAs",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Of poor quality or highly undesirable."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povreden",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "повреден"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "negoden",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "негоден"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "mies"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "schlecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "miserabel"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "erbärmlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "armselig"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "scadente"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a bum deal",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unfair."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-adj-H0LiK5s-",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Unfair."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 96 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nečesten",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "нечестен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unsauber"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unfair"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unlauter"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unredlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unehrlich"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 10 11 5 17 9 3 4 4 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I can't play football anymore on account of my bum knee.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Injured and without the possibility of full repair, defective."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-adj-jGI8lUgE",
"links": [
[
"defective",
"defective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Injured and without the possibility of full repair, defective."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "duff"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 3 74 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "defective",
"word": "nachhaltig beschädigt"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 3 74 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "defective",
"word": "vacak"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 3 74 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "defective",
"word": "selejtes"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 10 11 5 17 9 3 4 4 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He had a bum trip on that mescaline.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unpleasant or unhappy."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-adj-xNTLn4e-",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Unpleasant or unhappy."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bum out"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from bum out",
"name": "back-form"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from bum out.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To depress; to make unhappy."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-verb--rtuDVy9",
"links": [
[
"depress",
"depress"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "boom"
},
"expansion": "boom",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See boom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (plural bums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A humming noise."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-noun-A3NgcWmN",
"links": [
[
"hum",
"hum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A humming noise."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "boom"
},
"expansion": "boom",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See boom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1722, William Hamilton, The Wallace",
"text": "English men bum there [Stirling] as thick as bees.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a murmuring or humming sound."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-verb-YdvgZUjB",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make a murmuring or humming sound."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (plural bums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1705, Bernard Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees",
"text": "About her Chariot, and behind, / Were Sergeants, Bums of every kind, / Tip-staffs, and all those Officers, / That squeeze a Living out of Tears.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bumbailiff."
],
"id": "en-bum-en-noun--cX2~YYF",
"links": [
[
"bumbailiff",
"bumbailiff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A bumbailiff."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "en",
"3": "boom"
},
"expansion": "English boom",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English boom with orthographic adaptation.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "bume"
},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sq",
"name": "Economics",
"orig": "sq:Economics",
"parents": [
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
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"boom"
],
"id": "en-bum-sq-noun-gfUjN-u0",
"links": [
[
"economics",
"economics"
],
[
"boom",
"boom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(economics) boom"
],
"topics": [
"economics",
"science",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "slagboom",
"t": "boom barrier, boom gate"
},
"expansion": "Dutch slagboom (“boom barrier, boom gate”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "boom",
"3": "",
"4": "beam, barrier, tree, pole"
},
"expansion": "boom (“beam, barrier, tree, pole”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bôom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bôom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "odt",
"3": "bōm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch bōm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*baumaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baumaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "bom"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of bom",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch slagboom (“boom barrier, boom gate”) or boom (“beam, barrier, tree, pole”), from Middle Dutch bôom, from Old Dutch bōm, from Proto-Germanic *baumaz. Doublet of bom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bumku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "bummu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "bum (first-person possessive bumku, second-person possessive bummu, third-person possessive bumnya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bum"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "75 3 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 4 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 4 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boom barrier, boom gate"
],
"id": "en-bum-id-noun-70jh59sv",
"links": [
[
"boom barrier",
"boom barrier#English"
],
[
"boom gate",
"boom gate#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"customs"
],
"id": "en-bum-id-noun-ReKFEzuJ",
"links": [
[
"customs",
"customs#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) customs"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbʊm]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bea cukai"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "duane"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Standard Malay",
"word": "kastam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pabean"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:bum"
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "en",
"3": "boom"
},
"expansion": "English boom",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English boom, onomatopoeic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bumku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "bummu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "bum (first-person possessive bumku, second-person possessive bummu, third-person possessive bumnya)",
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}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bum"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "id",
"name": "Business",
"orig": "id:Business",
"parents": [
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "id",
"name": "Economics",
"orig": "id:Economics",
"parents": [
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boom: a period of prosperity, growth, progress, or high market activity."
],
"id": "en-bum-id-noun-MnIE5~fX",
"links": [
[
"economics",
"economics"
],
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"boom",
"boom#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(economics, business) boom: a period of prosperity, growth, progress, or high market activity."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"economics",
"science",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbʊm]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:bum"
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bum",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumanna",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a bhum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "a bhumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na bumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an bhum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na mbumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an mbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don bhum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na bumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "bhum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "mbum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"eclipsis",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "bumanna",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "bum",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bum m (genitive singular bum, nominative plural bumanna)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "bum",
"3": "bumanna"
},
"expansion": "bum m (genitive singular bum, nominative plural bumanna)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "b",
"2": "um",
"3": "umanna"
},
"name": "ga-decl-m4"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
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"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boom"
],
"id": "en-bum-ga-noun-gfUjN-u0",
"links": [
[
"sailing",
"sailing#Noun"
],
[
"boom",
"boom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sailing) boom"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crann scóide"
},
{
"word": "bumaile"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"sailing",
"transport"
]
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "lus",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 39 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mizo entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"swindle"
],
"id": "en-bum-lus-verb-UtTcGlCb",
"links": [
[
"swindle",
"swindle"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 39 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mizo entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cheat"
],
"id": "en-bum-lus-verb-OhtF1HeM",
"links": [
[
"cheat",
"cheat"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 39 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mizo entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trick"
],
"id": "en-bum-lus-verb-851RSaRu",
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bum/"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onom"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bum"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"boom (sound of explosion)"
],
"id": "en-bum-pl-intj-htgONBez",
"links": [
[
"boom",
"boom"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 73 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 73 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 65 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 79 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 63 14 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Business",
"orig": "pl:Business",
"parents": [
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 63 14 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Economics",
"orig": "pl:Economics",
"parents": [
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 63 13 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Gymnastics",
"orig": "pl:Gymnastics",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 69 12 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sailing",
"orig": "pl:Sailing",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 74 9 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "pl:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bang (any brief, sharp, loud noise)"
],
"id": "en-bum-pl-intj-TAbSyERW",
"links": [
[
"bang",
"bang"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
},
{
"homophone": "boom"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "odt",
"4": "gmw-pro",
"5": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nl",
"3": "boom",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Dutch boom",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nl",
"3": "boom"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Dutch boom",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch boom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "bum m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bum"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "bom"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of bom"
],
"id": "en-bum-pl-noun-SRIq6NjJ",
"links": [
[
"bom",
"bom#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
},
{
"homophone": "boom"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "boom",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "English boom",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "boom"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English boom",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English boom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "bum m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bum"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "boom"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of boom"
],
"id": "en-bum-pl-noun-x5HjamY-",
"links": [
[
"boom",
"boom#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
},
{
"homophone": "boom"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bum!",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "interjection",
"head": "bum!",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bum!",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "!"
},
"expansion": "bum!",
"name": "pt-interj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bum"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boom (sound of explosion)"
],
"id": "en-bum-pt-intj-htgONBez",
"links": [
[
"boom",
"boom"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbũ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbũ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ũ"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "en",
"3": "boom"
},
"expansion": "English boom",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English boom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "bum m (plural buns)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bum"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The cattle boom only came with the rice crisis in the late 80s and early 90s;",
"ref": "2023, Djalma do Nascimento Sousa, chapter 145, in Memórias do Sul do Maranhão, Maranhão, published 2023, page VIII",
"text": "O \"bum\" do gado só veio com a crise do arroz no final de 80 para início de 90;",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boom (a rapid expansion or increase)"
],
"id": "en-bum-pt-noun-OloFr93a",
"links": [
[
"boom",
"boom"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbũ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbũ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ũ"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boom"
],
"id": "en-bum-ro-intj-gfUjN-u0",
"links": [
[
"boom",
"boom"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "бум",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (Cyrillic spelling бум)",
"name": "sh-verb-form"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "biti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular future of biti"
],
"id": "en-bum-sh-verb-hBYTphKF",
"links": [
[
"biti",
"biti#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kajkavian) first-person singular future of biti"
],
"tags": [
"Kajkavian",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"future",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "¡bum!",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "interjection",
"head": "¡bum!"
},
"expansion": "¡bum!",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bum"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "intj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pop"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"boom (used to suggest the sound of an explosion)"
],
"id": "en-bum-es-intj-9-APraso",
"links": [
[
"boom",
"boom"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boom (used to suggest something happening suddenly and unexpectedly)"
],
"id": "en-bum-es-intj-~CacxGrB",
"links": [
[
"boom",
"boom"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbum/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbũm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-tsx",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "bum m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Transylvanian Saxon",
"lang_code": "gmw-tsx",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Transylvanian Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tree"
],
"id": "en-bum-gmw-tsx-noun-3Jxe24st",
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "romanization"
},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐌁𐌖𐌌"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Umbrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Umbrian romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐌁𐌖𐌌"
],
"id": "en-bum-xum-romanization-mcKbhmU5",
"links": [
[
"𐌁𐌖𐌌",
"𐌁𐌖𐌌#Umbrian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vo-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "buma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "o bum!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "o bums!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "bums",
"f1accel-form": "nom|p",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bum (nominative plural bums)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (nominative plural bums)",
"name": "vo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "vo-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bumäd"
},
{
"word": "bumot"
}
],
"glosses": [
"act of building"
],
"id": "en-bum-vo-noun-5jumFr7V",
"links": [
[
"building",
"building"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bum/"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mhum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "phum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated numeral"
},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pum"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "five",
"word": "pum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of pum (“five”)."
],
"id": "en-bum-cy-num-fOsYMWEn",
"links": [
[
"pum",
"pum#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɨ̞m/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɪm/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "en",
"3": "boom"
},
"expansion": "English boom",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English boom with orthographic adaptation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "bume"
},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian nouns",
"Albanian terms borrowed from English",
"Albanian terms derived from English",
"sq:Economics"
],
"glosses": [
"boom"
],
"links": [
[
"economics",
"economics"
],
[
"boom",
"boom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(economics) boom"
],
"topics": [
"economics",
"science",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "botme",
"3": "botme, botom, bottum",
"4": "bottom"
},
"expansion": "botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bottom"
},
"expansion": "bottom",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bun",
"3": "",
"4": "base, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since the 1300s, as Middle English bom (found in John Trevisa's 1387 Translation of the 'Polychronicon' of Ranulph Higden, \"his bom is oute\"), of uncertain origin. Sometimes suggested to be a shortening of botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”), but this is contradicted by the fact that bottom is not attested in reference to the buttocks until the late 1700s. Suggested by some old and modern references to be onomatopoeic. Compare also Old Irish, Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (plural bums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Commonwealth English",
"English childish terms",
"English informal terms",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Okay, everyone sit on your bum and try and touch your toes.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:bum."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The buttocks."
],
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
],
[
"buttocks",
"buttocks"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal or childish, chiefly Commonwealth) The buttocks."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "buttocks"
}
],
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"childish",
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Commonwealth English",
"English childish terms",
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Steven L. Ablon, Daniel P. Brown, Edward J. Khantzian, Human Feelings: Explorations in Affect Development and Meaning, page 132",
"text": "John said that when he was little he stuck his finger in his bum and tasted his poopies and it was good.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Jonathan Nicholas, Who'd be a copper?: Thirty years a frontline British cop",
"text": "What could the man possibly be hiding up his bum anyway?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Lisa Keenan-Lindsay, Cheryl Sams, Constance L. O'Connor, Maternal Child Nursing Care in Canada, page 118",
"text": "Do you have intercourse (i.e., Do you penetrate your partner in the vagina or anus [bum]? Or does your partner penetrate your vagina or anus [bum])?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Jean Renvoize, Innocence Destroyed: A Study of Child Sexual Abuse",
"text": "[…] and said Daddy had put a finger up her bum.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The anus."
],
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
],
[
"anus",
"anus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal or childish, chiefly Commonwealth) The anus."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "anus"
}
],
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"childish",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadnik",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "задник"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kont"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reet"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"Flemish",
"feminine"
],
"word": "poep"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "achterwerk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "achterste"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "peppu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "perse"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "takapuoli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "pylly"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cul"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hintern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Po"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"childish",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Popo"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "popós",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ποπός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pisinós",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πισινός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"childish",
"humorous"
],
"word": "popsi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"childish"
],
"word": "popó"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rass"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bossi"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bundún"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "deretano"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "didietro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "culo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sedere"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "canti",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "ചന്തി"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pupa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "nalgas"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "cu"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ânus"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "traseiro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bunda"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bumbum"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cur"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fund"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zádnica",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "за́дница"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "màs"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tòn"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "ano"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "trasero"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "häck"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "rumpa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stjärt"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "kuṇṭi",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "குண்டி"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dúpa",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "ду́па"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sráka",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "сра́ка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zad",
"sense": "informal: buttocks or anus",
"word": "зад"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dupe",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "дупе"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "billen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bips"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "peppu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "pakarat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "takapuoli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "fesses"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "opísthia",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "οπίσθια"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "glutei"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "chiappe"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "nalgas"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bunda"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "nádegas"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bumbum"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "buci"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zádnica",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "за́дница"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "màs"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tòn"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "nalgas"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "skinkor"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dúpa",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "ду́па"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sráka",
"sense": "informal: butt(ocks) specifically",
"word": "сра́ка"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "perse"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "anus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "perseenreikä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cul"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trou du cul"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Anus"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ano"
},
{
"code": "kwk",
"lang": "Kwak'wala",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "mengas"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"word": "cu"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ânus"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brioco"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "toba"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cur"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anus"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "màs"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tòn"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anus"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "anus specifically",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rövhål"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "botme",
"3": "botme, botom, bottum",
"4": "bottom"
},
"expansion": "botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bottom"
},
"expansion": "bottom",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bun",
"3": "",
"4": "base, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since the 1300s, as Middle English bom (found in John Trevisa's 1387 Translation of the 'Polychronicon' of Ranulph Higden, \"his bom is oute\"), of uncertain origin. Sometimes suggested to be a shortening of botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”), but this is contradicted by the fact that bottom is not attested in reference to the buttocks until the late 1700s. Suggested by some old and modern references to be onomatopoeic. Compare also Old Irish, Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English colloquialisms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2016 December 3, “Soph Aspin Send”, performed by Millie B",
"text": "Your bars are fake and my bars are real / Is it true you got bummed on a field",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To sodomize; to engage in anal sex."
],
"links": [
[
"sodomize",
"sodomize"
],
[
"anal",
"anal"
],
[
"sex",
"sex"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, transitive, colloquial) To sodomize; to engage in anal sex."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"colloquial",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bare-bum"
},
{
"word": "beach bum"
},
{
"word": "builder's bum"
},
{
"word": "bum bag"
},
{
"word": "bum boy"
},
{
"word": "bum-breathing"
},
{
"word": "bum bum"
},
{
"word": "bum-bum"
},
{
"word": "bum burp"
},
{
"word": "bum calf"
},
{
"word": "bum cheeks"
},
{
"word": "bum chum"
},
{
"word": "bum-clock"
},
{
"word": "bum crack"
},
{
"word": "bum deal"
},
{
"word": "bum fluff"
},
{
"word": "bumfluff"
},
{
"word": "bum-fluff"
},
{
"word": "bum-fluffed"
},
{
"word": "bum fodder"
},
{
"word": "bum fuck nowhere"
},
{
"word": "bum-fuck nowhere"
},
{
"word": "bum gun"
},
{
"word": "bum head"
},
{
"word": "bumhole"
},
{
"word": "bum roll"
},
{
"word": "bum-rush"
},
{
"word": "bum rush"
},
{
"word": "bum sex"
},
{
"word": "bums in seats"
},
{
"word": "bum-squabble"
},
{
"word": "bum squabble"
},
{
"word": "bum squabbled"
},
{
"word": "bum steer"
},
{
"word": "bum-sucker"
},
{
"word": "bum-sucking"
},
{
"word": "bum wine"
},
{
"word": "front bum"
},
{
"word": "head down, bum up"
},
{
"word": "kick up the bum"
},
{
"word": "land with one's bum in the butter"
},
{
"word": "pain in the bum"
},
{
"word": "saddle-bum"
},
{
"word": "saddle bum"
},
{
"word": "ski bum"
},
{
"word": "squeaky bum time"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "botme",
"3": "botme, botom, bottum",
"4": "bottom"
},
"expansion": "botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bottom"
},
"expansion": "bottom",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bun",
"3": "",
"4": "base, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since the 1300s, as Middle English bom (found in John Trevisa's 1387 Translation of the 'Polychronicon' of Ranulph Higden, \"his bom is oute\"), of uncertain origin. Sometimes suggested to be a shortening of botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”), but this is contradicted by the fact that bottom is not attested in reference to the buttocks until the late 1700s. Suggested by some old and modern references to be onomatopoeic. Compare also Old Irish, Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "en-interjection"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English childish terms",
"English euphemisms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(more vulgar)"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Jill Mansell, Sheer Mischief",
"text": "Maxine tried hers. 'Oh bum,' she said crossly. 'The sugar isn't sugar. It's salt.'",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An expression of annoyance."
],
"links": [
[
"childish",
"childish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, childish, euphemistic) An expression of annoyance."
],
"senseid": [
"en:intj"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "arse"
}
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"childish",
"euphemistic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English back-formations",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bummer",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from bummer",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Bummler",
"4": "",
"5": "loafer"
},
"expansion": "German Bummler (“loafer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bummeln",
"3": "",
"4": "to loaf"
},
"expansion": "bummeln (“to loaf”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1864, back-formation from bummer, from German Bummler (“loafer”), from bummeln (“to loaf”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (plural bums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"A homeless person, usually a man."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"homeless",
"homeless"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"usually",
"usually"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, derogatory) A homeless person, usually a man."
],
"senseid": [
"en:hobo"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tramp"
},
{
"word": "vagrant"
},
{
"word": "wanderer"
},
{
"word": "vagabond"
},
{
"word": "vagabond"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"derogatory"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Fred is becoming a bum - he's not even bothering to work more than once a month.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "That mechanic's a bum - he couldn't fix a yo-yo.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "That guy keeps interrupting the concert. Throw the bum out!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1987, “Fairytale of New York”, performed by The Pogues",
"text": "You're a bum / You're a punk / You're an old slut on junk / Lying there almost dead on a drip in that bed",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1988, Michael Weikath (lyrics and music), “Keeper of the Seven Keys”, in Keeper of the Seven Keys: Part II, performed by Helloween",
"text": "Man who do you just think you are? / A silly bum with seven stars",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lazy, incompetent, or annoying person, usually a man."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"lazy",
"lazy"
],
[
"incompetent",
"incompetent"
],
[
"annoying",
"annoying"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, derogatory) A lazy, incompetent, or annoying person, usually a man."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "loafer"
},
{
"word": "bumpkin"
},
{
"word": "footler"
},
{
"word": "idler"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"derogatory"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Sports"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Trade him to another team, he's a bum!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Laura Hillenbrand, Seabiscuit: An American Legend",
"text": "Seabiscuit, wrote another reporter, “was a hero in California and a pretty fair sort of horse in the midwest. In the east, however, he was just a ‘bumʼ”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A player or racer who often performs poorly."
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"player",
"player"
],
[
"racer",
"racer"
],
[
"poorly",
"poorly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, sports) A player or racer who often performs poorly."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"A drinking spree."
],
"links": [
[
"drinking",
"drinking"
],
[
"spree",
"spree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) A drinking spree."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "binge"
},
{
"word": "bender"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezdelnik",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "безделник"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nehranimajko",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нехранимайко"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biēsān",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "瘪三"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qǐgài",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "乞丐"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "landloper"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vagebond"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dakloze"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zwerver"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "vagabondo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "trampo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "vaganto"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "vagulo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "hulkur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "hulttio"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "pummi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "renttu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "vagabond"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Penner"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "Wohnsitzlose"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "csavargó"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vagabondo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fannullone"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barbone"
},
{
"alt": "きつかい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kitsukai",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "乞丐"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kudaranai yatsu",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "くだらないやつ"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rokudenashi",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "ろくでなし"
},
{
"alt": "乞丐",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geolgae",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "걸개"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "planus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "errō"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "naʼałjidí"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bezdomny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"masculine"
],
"word": "menel"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sem-teto"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vagabond"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "boschetar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "aurolac"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bomž",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бомж"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poprošájka",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "попроша́йка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "brodjága",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бродя́га"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "povaľač"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bezdomovec"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tulák"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vagabundo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vago"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "lodare"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "lodis"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "luffare"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hobo",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "uteliggare"
},
{
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "tràmpiʼína"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bomž",
"sense": "hobo",
"word": "бомж"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "player or racer who performs poorly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocard"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English back-formations",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bummer",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: bummer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: bummer"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bomma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bomma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bomma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bummer",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from bummer",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Bummler",
"4": "",
"5": "loafer"
},
"expansion": "German Bummler (“loafer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bummeln",
"3": "",
"4": "to loaf"
},
"expansion": "bummeln (“to loaf”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1864, back-formation from bummer, from German Bummler (“loafer”), from bummeln (“to loaf”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Can I bum a cigarette off you?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To ask someone to give one (something) for free; to beg for something."
],
"links": [
[
"beg",
"beg"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) To ask someone to give one (something) for free; to beg for something."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"British"
],
"word": "cadge"
},
{
"word": "scrounge"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I think I'll just bum around downtown for a while until dinner.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stay idle and unproductive, like a hobo or vagabond."
],
"links": [
[
"idle",
"idle"
],
[
"unproductive",
"unproductive"
],
[
"hobo",
"hobo"
],
[
"vagabond",
"vagabond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, colloquial) To stay idle and unproductive, like a hobo or vagabond."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "loiter"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English slang",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To wet the end of a marijuana cigarette (spliff)."
],
"links": [
[
"wet",
"wet"
],
[
"marijuana",
"marijuana"
],
[
"cigarette",
"cigarette"
],
[
"spliff",
"spliff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang, British) To wet the end of a marijuana cigarette (spliff)."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"slang",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "somrovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vysomrovat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "bietsen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "aftroggelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "pummata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "taper"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "schnorren"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "oziare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "vagabondare"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "bomme"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "implorar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kljánčitʹ",
"sense": "to beg for something",
"word": "кля́нчить"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to stay idle and unproductive",
"word": "glander"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to stay idle and unproductive",
"word": "glandouiller"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English back-formations",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bum around"
},
{
"word": "bumbailiff"
},
{
"word": "bum rap"
},
{
"word": "bum's rush"
},
{
"word": "corporate welfare bum"
},
{
"word": "on the bum"
},
{
"word": "welfare bum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bummer",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from bummer",
"name": "back-form"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Bummler",
"4": "",
"5": "loafer"
},
"expansion": "German Bummler (“loafer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bummeln",
"3": "",
"4": "to loaf"
},
"expansion": "bummeln (“to loaf”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1864, back-formation from bummer, from German Bummler (“loafer”), from bummeln (“to loaf”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bummer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "bummest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bummer"
},
"expansion": "bum (comparative bummer, superlative bummest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bum note",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of poor quality or highly undesirable."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Of poor quality or highly undesirable."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a bum deal",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unfair."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Unfair."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I can't play football anymore on account of my bum knee.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Injured and without the possibility of full repair, defective."
],
"links": [
[
"defective",
"defective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Injured and without the possibility of full repair, defective."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "duff"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He had a bum trip on that mescaline.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unpleasant or unhappy."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Unpleasant or unhappy."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povreden",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "повреден"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "negoden",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "негоден"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "mies"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "schlecht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "miserabel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "erbärmlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "armselig"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of poor quality or highly undesirable",
"word": "scadente"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nečesten",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "нечестен"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unsauber"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unfair"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unlauter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unredlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unfair",
"word": "unehrlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "defective",
"word": "nachhaltig beschädigt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "defective",
"word": "vacak"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "defective",
"word": "selejtes"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English back-formations",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bum out"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from bum out",
"name": "back-form"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from bum out.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To depress; to make unhappy."
],
"links": [
[
"depress",
"depress"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "boom"
},
"expansion": "boom",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See boom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (plural bums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"A humming noise."
],
"links": [
[
"hum",
"hum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A humming noise."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "boom"
},
"expansion": "boom",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See boom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1722, William Hamilton, The Wallace",
"text": "English men bum there [Stirling] as thick as bees.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a murmuring or humming sound."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make a murmuring or humming sound."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Buttocks",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (plural bums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1705, Bernard Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees",
"text": "About her Chariot, and behind, / Were Sergeants, Bums of every kind, / Tip-staffs, and all those Officers, / That squeeze a Living out of Tears.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bumbailiff."
],
"links": [
[
"bumbailiff",
"bumbailiff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A bumbailiff."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg/En-ca-bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-ca-bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 bum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/EN-AU_ck1_bum.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian doublets",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian onomatopoeias",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from English",
"Indonesian terms derived from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from English",
"Indonesian terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Indonesian uncountable nouns"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "slagboom",
"t": "boom barrier, boom gate"
},
"expansion": "Dutch slagboom (“boom barrier, boom gate”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "boom",
"3": "",
"4": "beam, barrier, tree, pole"
},
"expansion": "boom (“beam, barrier, tree, pole”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bôom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bôom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "odt",
"3": "bōm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch bōm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*baumaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baumaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "bom"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of bom",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch slagboom (“boom barrier, boom gate”) or boom (“beam, barrier, tree, pole”), from Middle Dutch bôom, from Old Dutch bōm, from Proto-Germanic *baumaz. Doublet of bom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bumku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "bummu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "bum (first-person possessive bumku, second-person possessive bummu, third-person possessive bumnya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bum"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"boom barrier, boom gate"
],
"links": [
[
"boom barrier",
"boom barrier#English"
],
[
"boom gate",
"boom gate#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"customs"
],
"links": [
[
"customs",
"customs#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) customs"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbʊm]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bom"
},
{
"word": "bea cukai"
},
{
"word": "duane"
},
{
"english": "Standard Malay",
"word": "kastam"
},
{
"word": "pabean"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:bum"
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian onomatopoeias",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from English",
"Indonesian terms derived from English",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Indonesian uncountable nouns"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "en",
"3": "boom"
},
"expansion": "English boom",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English boom, onomatopoeic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bumku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "bummu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bumnya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "bum (first-person possessive bumku, second-person possessive bummu, third-person possessive bumnya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bum"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"id:Business",
"id:Economics"
],
"glosses": [
"boom: a period of prosperity, growth, progress, or high market activity."
],
"links": [
[
"economics",
"economics"
],
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"boom",
"boom#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(economics, business) boom: a period of prosperity, growth, progress, or high market activity."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"economics",
"science",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbʊm]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:bum"
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bum",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumanna",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a bhum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "a bhumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na bumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an bhum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na mbumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an mbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don bhum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na bumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "bhum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "mbum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"eclipsis",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "bumanna",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "bum",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bum m (genitive singular bum, nominative plural bumanna)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "bum",
"3": "bumanna"
},
"expansion": "bum m (genitive singular bum, nominative plural bumanna)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "b",
"2": "um",
"3": "umanna"
},
"name": "ga-decl-m4"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish fourth-declension nouns",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish masculine nouns",
"Irish nouns",
"ga:Sailing"
],
"glosses": [
"boom"
],
"links": [
[
"sailing",
"sailing#Noun"
],
[
"boom",
"boom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sailing) boom"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"sailing",
"transport"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crann scóide"
},
{
"word": "bumaile"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mizo entries with incorrect language header",
"Mizo lemmas",
"Mizo terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Mizo verbs"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mizo",
"lang_code": "lus",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"swindle"
],
"links": [
[
"swindle",
"swindle"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cheat"
],
"links": [
[
"cheat",
"cheat"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"trick"
],
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bum/"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish interjections",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish onomatopoeias",
"Polish terms borrowed from English",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/um",
"Rhymes:Polish/um/1 syllable",
"pl:Business",
"pl:Economics",
"pl:Gymnastics",
"pl:Sailing",
"pl:Ship parts"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onom"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bum"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"boom (sound of explosion)"
],
"links": [
[
"boom",
"boom"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bang (any brief, sharp, loud noise)"
],
"links": [
[
"bang",
"bang"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
},
{
"homophone": "boom"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Polish terms borrowed from English",
"Polish terms derived from Dutch",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Polish terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/um",
"Rhymes:Polish/um/1 syllable",
"pl:Business",
"pl:Economics",
"pl:Gymnastics",
"pl:Sailing",
"pl:Ship parts"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "odt",
"4": "gmw-pro",
"5": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nl",
"3": "boom",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Dutch boom",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nl",
"3": "boom"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Dutch boom",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch boom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "bum m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bum"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "bom"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of bom"
],
"links": [
[
"bom",
"bom#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
},
{
"homophone": "boom"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from English",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/um",
"Rhymes:Polish/um/1 syllable",
"pl:Business",
"pl:Economics",
"pl:Gymnastics",
"pl:Sailing",
"pl:Ship parts"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "boom",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "English boom",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "boom"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English boom",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English boom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "bum m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bum"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "boom"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of boom"
],
"links": [
[
"boom",
"boom#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
},
{
"homophone": "boom"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 1-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese interjections",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese onomatopoeias",
"Portuguese terms derived from English",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ũ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ũ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bum!",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "interjection",
"head": "bum!",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bum!",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "!"
},
"expansion": "bum!",
"name": "pt-interj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bum"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"boom (sound of explosion)"
],
"links": [
[
"boom",
"boom"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbũ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbũ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ũ"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 1-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms derived from English",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ũ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ũ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "en",
"3": "boom"
},
"expansion": "English boom",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English boom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "buns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "bum m (plural buns)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bum"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The cattle boom only came with the rice crisis in the late 80s and early 90s;",
"ref": "2023, Djalma do Nascimento Sousa, chapter 145, in Memórias do Sul do Maranhão, Maranhão, published 2023, page VIII",
"text": "O \"bum\" do gado só veio com a crise do arroz no final de 80 para início de 90;",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boom (a rapid expansion or increase)"
],
"links": [
[
"boom",
"boom"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbũ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbũ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ũ"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian interjections",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian onomatopoeias"
],
"glosses": [
"boom"
],
"links": [
[
"boom",
"boom"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "бум",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (Cyrillic spelling бум)",
"name": "sh-verb-form"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian non-lemma forms",
"Serbo-Croatian verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "biti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular future of biti"
],
"links": [
[
"biti",
"biti#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kajkavian) first-person singular future of biti"
],
"tags": [
"Kajkavian",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"future",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/um",
"Rhymes:Spanish/um/1 syllable",
"Spanish 1-syllable words",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish interjections",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish onomatopoeias",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "¡bum!",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "interjection",
"head": "¡bum!"
},
"expansion": "¡bum!",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bum"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "intj",
"related": [
{
"word": "pum"
},
{
"word": "pop"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"boom (used to suggest the sound of an explosion)"
],
"links": [
[
"boom",
"boom"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"boom (used to suggest something happening suddenly and unexpectedly)"
],
"links": [
[
"boom",
"boom"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbum/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbũm]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-tsx",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "bum m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Transylvanian Saxon",
"lang_code": "gmw-tsx",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Transylvanian Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Transylvanian Saxon lemmas",
"Transylvanian Saxon masculine nouns",
"Transylvanian Saxon nouns",
"gmw-tsx:Trees"
],
"glosses": [
"tree"
],
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "romanization"
},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐌁𐌖𐌌"
}
],
"categories": [
"Umbrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Umbrian non-lemma forms",
"Umbrian romanizations"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐌁𐌖𐌌"
],
"links": [
[
"𐌁𐌖𐌌",
"𐌁𐌖𐌌#Umbrian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "bumäd"
},
{
"word": "bumot"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "bums",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vo-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "buma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bumi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "o bum!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "o bums!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bumus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "bums",
"f1accel-form": "nom|p",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bum (nominative plural bums)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bum (nominative plural bums)",
"name": "vo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "vo-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"Volapük lemmas",
"Volapük nouns",
"Volapük terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"act of building"
],
"links": [
[
"building",
"building"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bum/"
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "bum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mhum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "phum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated numeral"
},
"expansion": "bum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pum"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh mutated numerals",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh soft-mutation forms",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "five",
"word": "pum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of pum (“five”)."
],
"links": [
[
"pum",
"pum#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɨ̞m/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɪm/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "bum"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Nominative",
"path": [
"bum"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Vocative",
"path": [
"bum"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Genitive",
"path": [
"bum"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Dative",
"path": [
"bum"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Bare forms",
"path": [
"bum"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Nominative",
"path": [
"bum"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Genitive",
"path": [
"bum"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Dative",
"path": [
"bum"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Forms with the definite article",
"path": [
"bum"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: pum, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"bum"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "numeral",
"title": "bum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: mhum, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"bum"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "numeral",
"title": "bum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: phum, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"bum"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "numeral",
"title": "bum",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.