"harm" meaning in English

See harm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /hɑːm/ [Received-Pronunciation], /hɑɹm/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-harm.ogg [US] Forms: harms [plural]
Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)m Etymology: From Middle English harm, herm, from Old English hearm, from Proto-West Germanic *harm, from Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”). Cognate with Dutch harm (“harm”), German Harm (“harm”), Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”), Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|harm}} Middle English harm, {{m|enm|herm}} herm, {{inh|en|ang|hearm}} Old English hearm, {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*harm}} Proto-West Germanic *harm, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*harmaz|t=harm; shame; pain}} Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”), {{cog|nl|harm|t=harm}} Dutch harm (“harm”), {{cog|de|Harm|t=harm}} German Harm (“harm”), {{cog|sv|harm|t=anger, indignation, harm}} Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”), {{cog|is|harmur|t=sorrow, grief}} Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”) Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} harm (countable and uncountable, plural harms)
  1. Physical injury; hurt; damage. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (injury; hurt; damage): skade (Afrikaans), ضَرَرٌ (ḍararun) [masculine] (Arabic), վնաս (vnas) (Armenian), dañu [masculine] (Asturian), zərər (Azerbaijani), zauri (Basque), kalte (Basque), шко́да (škóda) [feminine] (Belarusian), সদমা (śodoma) (Bengali), uragan (Bikol Central), droug [masculine] (Breton), вреда (vreda) [feminine] (Bulgarian), пакост (pakost) [feminine] (Bulgarian), dany [masculine] (Catalan), dañu (Chamorro), 損害 (Chinese Mandarin), 损害 (sǔnhài) (Chinese Mandarin), poškození [neuter] (Czech), skade (Danish), schade [masculine] (Dutch), damaĝo (Esperanto), kahju (Estonian), skaði (Faroese), vahinko (Finnish), mal [masculine] (French), tort [masculine] (French), dommage [masculine] (French), dano [masculine] (Galician), ზიანი (ziani) (Georgian), ზარალი (zarali) (Georgian), ვნება (vneba) (Georgian), Schaden [masculine] (German), βλάβη (vlávi) [feminine] (Greek), māino (Hawaiian), pōpilikia (Hawaiian), נזק (nézek) [masculine] (Hebrew), ártalom (Hungarian), skaði [masculine] (Icelandic), domajo (Ido), nocuro (Ido), dochar [masculine] (Irish), díobháil [feminine] (Irish), anachain [feminine] (Irish), urchóid [feminine] (Irish), danno [masculine] (Italian), male [masculine] (Italian), ferita [feminine] (Italian), залал (zalal) (Kazakh), зиян (ziän) (Kazakh), зарар (zarar) (Kazakh), (hae) (Korean), noxa [feminine] (Latin), noxia [feminine] (Latin), bojājums [masculine] (Latvian), ievainojums [masculine] (Latvian), kaitējums [masculine] (Latvian), Schued [masculine] (Luxembourgish), штета (šteta) (Macedonian), mudarat (Malay), keburukan (Malay), ഉപദ്രവം (upadravaṁ) (Malayalam), ईजा (ījā) (Marathi), dam [masculine] (Occitan), hearm (Old English), ضرر (zarar) (Ottoman Turkish), زیان (ziyan) (Ottoman Turkish), مضرت (mazarrat) (Ottoman Turkish), آسیب (âsib) (Persian), szkoda [feminine] (Polish), krzywda [feminine] (Polish), dano [masculine] (Portuguese), mal [masculine] (Portuguese), вред (vred) [masculine] (Russian), уще́рб (uščérb) [masculine] (Russian), поврежде́ние (povreždénije) [neuter] (Russian), leaga (Samoan), द्रुह् (druh) [feminine] (Sanskrit), skaith (Scots), повреда [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), штета [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), povreda [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), šteta [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), firita [feminine] (Sicilian), poškodenie [neuter] (Slovak), daño [masculine] (Spanish), கெடுதல் (keṭutal) (Tamil), நாசம் (nācam) (Tamil), நஷ்டம் (naṣṭam) (Tamil), อันตราย (an-dtà-raai) (Thai), karep (Tocharian B), zarar (Turkish), hasar (Turkish), ziyan (Turkish), incinme (Turkish), шко́да (škóda) [feminine] (Ukrainian), sbrégo [masculine] (Venetian), hại (Vietnamese), zerar [neuter] (Zazaki), derb [feminine] (Zazaki), ziyan [feminine] (Zazaki)
    Sense id: en-harm-en-noun-iEnzY6yN Disambiguation of 'injury; hurt; damage': 50 6 16 28
  2. Emotional or figurative hurt. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-harm-en-noun-DjcUH3Q0
  3. Detriment; misfortune. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-harm-en-noun-fGBujlPq
  4. That which causes injury, damage, or loss. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (that which causes injury, damage, or loss): uragan (Bikol Central), зло (zlo) [neuter] (Bulgarian), mal [masculine] (Catalan), vahinko (Finnish), haitta (Finnish), danno [masculine] (Italian), svantaggio (Italian), mal [masculine] (Portuguese)
    Sense id: en-harm-en-noun-9izvHSUs Disambiguation of 'that which causes injury, damage, or loss': 26 1 8 66
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: harme [obsolete]

Verb

IPA: /hɑːm/ [Received-Pronunciation], /hɑɹm/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-harm.ogg [US] Forms: harms [present, singular, third-person], harming [participle, present], harmed [participle, past], harmed [past]
Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)m Etymology: From Middle English harm, herm, from Old English hearm, from Proto-West Germanic *harm, from Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”). Cognate with Dutch harm (“harm”), German Harm (“harm”), Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”), Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|harm}} Middle English harm, {{m|enm|herm}} herm, {{inh|en|ang|hearm}} Old English hearm, {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*harm}} Proto-West Germanic *harm, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*harmaz|t=harm; shame; pain}} Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”), {{cog|nl|harm|t=harm}} Dutch harm (“harm”), {{cog|de|Harm|t=harm}} German Harm (“harm”), {{cog|sv|harm|t=anger, indignation, harm}} Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”), {{cog|is|harmur|t=sorrow, grief}} Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} harm (third-person singular simple present harms, present participle harming, simple past and past participle harmed)
  1. To cause injury to another; to hurt; to cause damage to something. Synonyms: damage, do damage to, do ill, harm, hurt, injure, scathe, wound Hypernyms: inflict Hyponyms: do Translations (cause damage): beskadig (Afrikaans), βλάπτω (bláptō) (Ancient Greek), ضَرَّ أَضَرَّ (ḍarra) (Arabic), ضر (ḍarr) [Egyptian-Arabic] (Arabic), վնասել (vnasel) (Armenian), увреждам (uvreždam) (Bulgarian), danyar (Catalan), 損害 (Chinese Mandarin), 损害 (sǔnhài) (Chinese Mandarin), skade (Danish), schaden (Dutch), beschadigen (Dutch), damaĝi (Esperanto), skaða (Faroese), vahingoittaa (Finnish), nuire à (French), faire du mal à (French), ferir (Galician), facer mal (Galician), schaden (German), schade [Alemannic-German] (German), βλάπτω (vlápto) (Greek), הזיק (hizík) (Hebrew), árt (Hungarian), domajar (Ido), déan dochar do (Irish), déan díobháil do (Irish), danneggiare (Italian), ferire (Italian), far male (Italian), nuocere (Italian), 害する (gai-suru) (Japanese), そこなう (sokonau) (Japanese), 痛める (ita-meru) (Japanese), បង្ករអន្តរាយ (bângkârôʼntâréay) (Khmer), 해치다 (haechida) (Korean), noceō [masculine] (Latin), kaitēt (Latvian), bojāt (Latvian), uhodza (Maore Comorian), whakatūroro (english: to a person) (Maori), whakahauā (Maori), whakakino (Maori), udhuru (Ngazidja Comorian), neuse (Piedmontese), krzywdzić (Polish), uszkadzać [imperfective, mainly] (Polish), ferir (Portuguese), fazer mal (Portuguese), afligir (Portuguese), machucar (Portuguese), vătăma (Romanian), strica (Romanian), dăuna (Romanian), вреди́ть (vredítʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), повреди́ть (povredítʹ) [perfective] (Russian), навреди́ть (navredítʹ) [perfective] (Russian), द्रुह्यति (druhyati) (Sanskrit), हिनस्ति (hinasti) (Sanskrit), mill (Scottish Gaelic), cuir cron air (Scottish Gaelic), оштетити [Cyrillic] (Serbo-Croatian), повредити [Cyrillic] (Serbo-Croatian), повриједити [Cyrillic] (Serbo-Croatian), шкодити [Cyrillic] (Serbo-Croatian), oštetiti [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), povrediti [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), povrijediti [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), škoditi [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), raniť (Slovak), škodiť (Slovak), dañar (Spanish), skada (Swedish), హాని (hāni) (Telugu), ทำร้าย (tam-ráai) (Thai), шко́дити (škódyty) [imperfective] (Ukrainian), нашко́дити (naškódyty) [perfective] (Ukrainian), завдава́ти шко́ди (zavdaváty škódy) [imperfective] (Ukrainian), завда́ти шко́ди (zavdáty škódy) [perfective] (Ukrainian), làm hại (Vietnamese)
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: harme [obsolete]

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for harm meaning in English (28.7kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English harm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "herm"
      },
      "expansion": "herm",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hearm"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hearm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *harm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*harmaz",
        "t": "harm; shame; pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "harm",
        "t": "harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch harm (“harm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Harm",
        "t": "harm"
      },
      "expansion": "German Harm (“harm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "harm",
        "t": "anger, indignation, harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "harmur",
        "t": "sorrow, grief"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English harm, herm, from Old English hearm, from Proto-West Germanic *harm, from Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”). Cognate with Dutch harm (“harm”), German Harm (“harm”), Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”), Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "harms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "harm (countable and uncountable, plural harms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "No harm came to my possessions.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "You can do a lot of harm to someone if you kick them in the balls. Especially if they get revenge and bring out a bazooka and blast your head off.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Physical injury; hurt; damage."
      ],
      "id": "en-harm-en-noun-iEnzY6yN",
      "links": [
        [
          "injury",
          "injury"
        ],
        [
          "hurt",
          "hurt"
        ],
        [
          "damage",
          "damage"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "skade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḍararun",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ضَرَرٌ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "vnas",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "վնաս"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ast",
          "lang": "Asturian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "dañu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "zərər"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "zauri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "kalte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "škóda",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "шко́да"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "śodoma",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "সদমা"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "bcl",
          "lang": "Bikol Central",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "uragan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "br",
          "lang": "Breton",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "droug"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "vreda",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "вреда"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "pakost",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "пакост"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "dany"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ch",
          "lang": "Chamorro",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "dañu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "損害"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "sǔnhài",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "损害"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "poškození"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "skade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "schade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "damaĝo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "kahju"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "skaði"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "vahinko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "tort"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "dommage"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "dano"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ziani",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "ზიანი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "zarali",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "ზარალი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "vneba",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "ვნება"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Schaden"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "vlávi",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "βλάβη"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "haw",
          "lang": "Hawaiian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "māino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "haw",
          "lang": "Hawaiian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "pōpilikia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "nézek",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "נזק"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "ártalom"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "skaði"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "domajo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "nocuro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "dochar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "díobháil"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "anachain"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "urchóid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "danno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "male"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ferita"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "zalal",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "залал"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "ziän",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "зиян"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "zarar",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "зарар"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "hae",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "해"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "noxa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "noxia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bojājums"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ievainojums"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kaitējums"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "lb",
          "lang": "Luxembourgish",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Schued"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "šteta",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "штета"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "mudarat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "keburukan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ml",
          "lang": "Malayalam",
          "roman": "upadravaṁ",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "ഉപദ്രവം"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "mr",
          "lang": "Marathi",
          "roman": "ījā",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "ईजा"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "dam"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "hearm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "zarar",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "ضرر"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "ziyan",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "زیان"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "mazarrat",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "مضرت"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "âsib",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "آسیب"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "szkoda"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "krzywda"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "dano"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vred",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "вред"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "uščérb",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "уще́рб"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "povreždénije",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "поврежде́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "sm",
          "lang": "Samoan",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "leaga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "druh",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "द्रुह्"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "sco",
          "lang": "Scots",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "skaith"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "повреда"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "штета"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "povreda"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "šteta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "firita"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "poškodenie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "daño"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ta",
          "lang": "Tamil",
          "roman": "keṭutal",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "கெடுதல்"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ta",
          "lang": "Tamil",
          "roman": "nācam",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "நாசம்"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "ta",
          "lang": "Tamil",
          "roman": "naṣṭam",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "நஷ்டம்"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "an-dtà-raai",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "อันตราย"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "txb",
          "lang": "Tocharian B",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "karep"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "zarar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "hasar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "ziyan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "incinme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "škóda",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "шко́да"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "vec",
          "lang": "Venetian",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sbrégo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "word": "hại"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "zerar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "derb"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "50 6 16 28",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ziyan"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Although not physically injured in the car accident, she received some psychological harm.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Emotional or figurative hurt."
      ],
      "id": "en-harm-en-noun-DjcUH3Q0",
      "links": [
        [
          "hurt",
          "hurt"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I wish him no harm.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Detriment; misfortune."
      ],
      "id": "en-harm-en-noun-fGBujlPq",
      "links": [
        [
          "Detriment",
          "detriment"
        ],
        [
          "misfortune",
          "misfortune"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "That which causes injury, damage, or loss."
      ],
      "id": "en-harm-en-noun-9izvHSUs",
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "26 1 8 66",
          "code": "bcl",
          "lang": "Bikol Central",
          "sense": "that which causes injury, damage, or loss",
          "word": "uragan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 1 8 66",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zlo",
          "sense": "that which causes injury, damage, or loss",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "зло"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 1 8 66",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "that which causes injury, damage, or loss",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 1 8 66",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "that which causes injury, damage, or loss",
          "word": "vahinko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 1 8 66",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "that which causes injury, damage, or loss",
          "word": "haitta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 1 8 66",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "that which causes injury, damage, or loss",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "danno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 1 8 66",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "that which causes injury, damage, or loss",
          "word": "svantaggio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "26 1 8 66",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "that which causes injury, damage, or loss",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mal"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/hɑːm/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɑɹm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)m"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-harm.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-harm.ogg/En-us-harm.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-harm.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "harme"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "harm"
  ],
  "word": "harm"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
      "word": "heal"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
      "word": "repair"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English harm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "herm"
      },
      "expansion": "herm",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hearm"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hearm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *harm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*harmaz",
        "t": "harm; shame; pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "harm",
        "t": "harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch harm (“harm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Harm",
        "t": "harm"
      },
      "expansion": "German Harm (“harm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "harm",
        "t": "anger, indignation, harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "harmur",
        "t": "sorrow, grief"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English harm, herm, from Old English hearm, from Proto-West Germanic *harm, from Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”). Cognate with Dutch harm (“harm”), German Harm (“harm”), Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”), Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "harms",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harming",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "harm (third-person singular simple present harms, present participle harming, simple past and past participle harmed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 10 9 7 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "harm a hair on someone's head"
        },
        {
          "word": "harmer"
        },
        {
          "word": "harmless"
        },
        {
          "word": "self-harm"
        },
        {
          "word": "unharmed"
        },
        {
          "word": "actual bodily harm"
        },
        {
          "word": "do more harm than good"
        },
        {
          "word": "do no harm"
        },
        {
          "word": "grievous bodily harm"
        },
        {
          "word": "harm principle"
        },
        {
          "word": "harm reduction"
        },
        {
          "word": "harm's way"
        },
        {
          "word": "no harm done"
        },
        {
          "word": "number needed to harm"
        },
        {
          "word": "repeated bodily harm"
        },
        {
          "word": "wouldn't harm a fly"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2020 December 16, Yan Ming, “Awakening Moral Conscience”, in Minghui",
          "text": "Will justice and conscience of society not be harmed if people avoid the truth?",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause injury to another; to hurt; to cause damage to something."
      ],
      "hypernyms": [
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
          "word": "inflict"
        }
      ],
      "hyponyms": [
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
          "word": "do"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-harm-en-verb-W0ITDttQ",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
          "word": "damage"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
          "word": "do damage to"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
          "word": "do ill"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
          "word": "harm"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
          "word": "hurt"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
          "word": "injure"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
          "word": "scathe"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
          "word": "wound"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "beskadig"
        },
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḍarra",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "ضَرَّ أَضَرَّ"
        },
        {
          "code": "arz",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḍarr",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "Egyptian-Arabic"
          ],
          "word": "ضر"
        },
        {
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "vnasel",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "վնասել"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "uvreždam",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "увреждам"
        },
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "danyar"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "損害"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "sǔnhài",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "损害"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "skade"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "schaden"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "beschadigen"
        },
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "damaĝi"
        },
        {
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "skaða"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "vahingoittaa"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "nuire à"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "faire du mal à"
        },
        {
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "ferir"
        },
        {
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "facer mal"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "schaden"
        },
        {
          "code": "gsw",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "Alemannic-German"
          ],
          "word": "schade"
        },
        {
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "vlápto",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "βλάπτω"
        },
        {
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "bláptō",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "βλάπτω"
        },
        {
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "hizík",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "הזיק"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "árt"
        },
        {
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "domajar"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "déan dochar do"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "déan díobháil do"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "danneggiare"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "ferire"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "far male"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "nuocere"
        },
        {
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "gai-suru",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "害する"
        },
        {
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "sokonau",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "そこなう"
        },
        {
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "ita-meru",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "痛める"
        },
        {
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "bângkârôʼntâréay",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "បង្ករអន្តរាយ"
        },
        {
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "haechida",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "해치다"
        },
        {
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "noceō"
        },
        {
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "kaitēt"
        },
        {
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "bojāt"
        },
        {
          "code": "swb",
          "lang": "Maore Comorian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "uhodza"
        },
        {
          "code": "mi",
          "english": "to a person",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "whakatūroro"
        },
        {
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "whakahauā"
        },
        {
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "whakakino"
        },
        {
          "code": "zdj",
          "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "udhuru"
        },
        {
          "code": "pms",
          "lang": "Piedmontese",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "neuse"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "krzywdzić"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "raw_tags": [
            "for inanimate"
          ],
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective",
            "mainly"
          ],
          "word": "uszkadzać"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "ferir"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "fazer mal"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "afligir"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "machucar"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "vătăma"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "strica"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "dăuna"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vredítʹ",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "вреди́ть"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "povredítʹ",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "повреди́ть"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "navredítʹ",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "навреди́ть"
        },
        {
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "druhyati",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "द्रुह्यति"
        },
        {
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "hinasti",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "हिनस्ति"
        },
        {
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "mill"
        },
        {
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "cuir cron air"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "оштетити"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "повредити"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "повриједити"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "шкодити"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "oštetiti"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "povrediti"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "povrijediti"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "škoditi"
        },
        {
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "raniť"
        },
        {
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "škodiť"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "dañar"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "skada"
        },
        {
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "roman": "hāni",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "హాని"
        },
        {
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "tam-ráai",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "ทำร้าย"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "škódyty",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "шко́дити"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "naškódyty",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "нашко́дити"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zavdaváty škódy",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "завдава́ти шко́ди"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zavdáty škódy",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "завда́ти шко́ди"
        },
        {
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "cause damage",
          "word": "làm hại"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/hɑːm/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɑɹm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)m"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-harm.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-harm.ogg/En-us-harm.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-harm.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "harme"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "harm"
  ],
  "word": "harm"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Requests for review of Albanian translations",
    "Requests for review of Hindi translations",
    "Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
    "Requests for review of Japanese translations",
    "Requests for review of Khmer translations",
    "Requests for review of Mirandese translations",
    "Requests for review of Old Saxon translations",
    "Requests for review of Romanian translations",
    "Requests for review of Scottish Gaelic translations",
    "Requests for review of Telugu translations",
    "Requests for review of Urdu translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)m",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)m/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English harm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "herm"
      },
      "expansion": "herm",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hearm"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hearm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *harm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*harmaz",
        "t": "harm; shame; pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "harm",
        "t": "harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch harm (“harm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Harm",
        "t": "harm"
      },
      "expansion": "German Harm (“harm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "harm",
        "t": "anger, indignation, harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "harmur",
        "t": "sorrow, grief"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English harm, herm, from Old English hearm, from Proto-West Germanic *harm, from Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”). Cognate with Dutch harm (“harm”), German Harm (“harm”), Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”), Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "harms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "harm (countable and uncountable, plural harms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "No harm came to my possessions.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "You can do a lot of harm to someone if you kick them in the balls. Especially if they get revenge and bring out a bazooka and blast your head off.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Physical injury; hurt; damage."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "injury",
          "injury"
        ],
        [
          "hurt",
          "hurt"
        ],
        [
          "damage",
          "damage"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Although not physically injured in the car accident, she received some psychological harm.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Emotional or figurative hurt."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hurt",
          "hurt"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I wish him no harm.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Detriment; misfortune."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Detriment",
          "detriment"
        ],
        [
          "misfortune",
          "misfortune"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "That which causes injury, damage, or loss."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/hɑːm/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɑɹm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)m"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-harm.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-harm.ogg/En-us-harm.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-harm.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "harme"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "skade"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḍararun",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ضَرَرٌ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "vnas",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "վնաս"
    },
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "dañu"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "zərər"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "zauri"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "kalte"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "škóda",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "шко́да"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "śodoma",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "সদমা"
    },
    {
      "code": "bcl",
      "lang": "Bikol Central",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "uragan"
    },
    {
      "code": "br",
      "lang": "Breton",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "droug"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "vreda",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "вреда"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "pakost",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "пакост"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "dany"
    },
    {
      "code": "ch",
      "lang": "Chamorro",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "dañu"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "損害"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "sǔnhài",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "损害"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "poškození"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "skade"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "schade"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "damaĝo"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "kahju"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "skaði"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "vahinko"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mal"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tort"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "dommage"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "dano"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ziani",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "ზიანი"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "zarali",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "ზარალი"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "vneba",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "ვნება"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Schaden"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "vlávi",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "βλάβη"
    },
    {
      "code": "haw",
      "lang": "Hawaiian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "māino"
    },
    {
      "code": "haw",
      "lang": "Hawaiian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "pōpilikia"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "nézek",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "נזק"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "ártalom"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "skaði"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "domajo"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "nocuro"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "dochar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "díobháil"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "anachain"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "urchóid"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "danno"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "male"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ferita"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "zalal",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "залал"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "ziän",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "зиян"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "zarar",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "зарар"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "hae",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "해"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "noxa"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "noxia"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bojājums"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ievainojums"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kaitējums"
    },
    {
      "code": "lb",
      "lang": "Luxembourgish",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Schued"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "šteta",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "штета"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "mudarat"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "keburukan"
    },
    {
      "code": "ml",
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "roman": "upadravaṁ",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "ഉപദ്രവം"
    },
    {
      "code": "mr",
      "lang": "Marathi",
      "roman": "ījā",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "ईजा"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "dam"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "hearm"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "zarar",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "ضرر"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "ziyan",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "زیان"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "mazarrat",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "مضرت"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "âsib",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "آسیب"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "szkoda"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "krzywda"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "dano"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mal"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vred",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "вред"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "uščérb",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "уще́рб"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "povreždénije",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "поврежде́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "sm",
      "lang": "Samoan",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "leaga"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "druh",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "द्रुह्"
    },
    {
      "code": "sco",
      "lang": "Scots",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "skaith"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "повреда"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "штета"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "povreda"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "šteta"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "firita"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "poškodenie"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "daño"
    },
    {
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "keṭutal",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "கெடுதல்"
    },
    {
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "nācam",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "நாசம்"
    },
    {
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "naṣṭam",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "நஷ்டம்"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "an-dtà-raai",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "อันตราย"
    },
    {
      "code": "txb",
      "lang": "Tocharian B",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "karep"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "zarar"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "hasar"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "ziyan"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "incinme"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "škóda",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "шко́да"
    },
    {
      "code": "vec",
      "lang": "Venetian",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sbrégo"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "word": "hại"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "zerar"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "derb"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ziyan"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "injury; hurt; damage",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ziyan"
    },
    {
      "code": "bcl",
      "lang": "Bikol Central",
      "sense": "that which causes injury, damage, or loss",
      "word": "uragan"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zlo",
      "sense": "that which causes injury, damage, or loss",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "зло"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "that which causes injury, damage, or loss",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mal"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "that which causes injury, damage, or loss",
      "word": "vahinko"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "that which causes injury, damage, or loss",
      "word": "haitta"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "that which causes injury, damage, or loss",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "danno"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "that which causes injury, damage, or loss",
      "word": "svantaggio"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "that which causes injury, damage, or loss",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mal"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "harm"
  ],
  "word": "harm"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
      "word": "heal"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
      "word": "repair"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Requests for review of Albanian translations",
    "Requests for review of Hindi translations",
    "Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
    "Requests for review of Japanese translations",
    "Requests for review of Khmer translations",
    "Requests for review of Mirandese translations",
    "Requests for review of Old Saxon translations",
    "Requests for review of Romanian translations",
    "Requests for review of Scottish Gaelic translations",
    "Requests for review of Telugu translations",
    "Requests for review of Urdu translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)m",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)m/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "harm a hair on someone's head"
    },
    {
      "word": "harmer"
    },
    {
      "word": "harmless"
    },
    {
      "word": "self-harm"
    },
    {
      "word": "unharmed"
    },
    {
      "word": "actual bodily harm"
    },
    {
      "word": "do more harm than good"
    },
    {
      "word": "do no harm"
    },
    {
      "word": "grievous bodily harm"
    },
    {
      "word": "harm principle"
    },
    {
      "word": "harm reduction"
    },
    {
      "word": "harm's way"
    },
    {
      "word": "no harm done"
    },
    {
      "word": "number needed to harm"
    },
    {
      "word": "repeated bodily harm"
    },
    {
      "word": "wouldn't harm a fly"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English harm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "herm"
      },
      "expansion": "herm",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hearm"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hearm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *harm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*harmaz",
        "t": "harm; shame; pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "harm",
        "t": "harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch harm (“harm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Harm",
        "t": "harm"
      },
      "expansion": "German Harm (“harm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "harm",
        "t": "anger, indignation, harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "harmur",
        "t": "sorrow, grief"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English harm, herm, from Old English hearm, from Proto-West Germanic *harm, from Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm; shame; pain”). Cognate with Dutch harm (“harm”), German Harm (“harm”), Swedish harm (“anger, indignation, harm”), Icelandic harmur (“sorrow, grief”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "harms",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harming",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harmed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "harm (third-person singular simple present harms, present participle harming, simple past and past participle harmed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
      "word": "inflict"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
      "word": "do"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2020 December 16, Yan Ming, “Awakening Moral Conscience”, in Minghui",
          "text": "Will justice and conscience of society not be harmed if people avoid the truth?",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause injury to another; to hurt; to cause damage to something."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/hɑːm/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɑɹm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)m"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-harm.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-us-harm.ogg/En-us-harm.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-us-harm.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "harme"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
      "word": "damage"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
      "word": "do damage to"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
      "word": "do ill"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
      "word": "harm"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
      "word": "hurt"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
      "word": "injure"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
      "word": "scathe"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:harm",
      "word": "wound"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "beskadig"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḍarra",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "ضَرَّ أَضَرَّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "arz",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḍarr",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "Egyptian-Arabic"
      ],
      "word": "ضر"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "vnasel",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "վնասել"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "uvreždam",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "увреждам"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "danyar"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "損害"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "sǔnhài",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "损害"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "skade"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "schaden"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "beschadigen"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "damaĝi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "skaða"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "vahingoittaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "nuire à"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "faire du mal à"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "ferir"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "facer mal"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "schaden"
    },
    {
      "code": "gsw",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "Alemannic-German"
      ],
      "word": "schade"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "vlápto",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "βλάπτω"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "bláptō",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "βλάπτω"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "hizík",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "הזיק"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "árt"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "domajar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "déan dochar do"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "déan díobháil do"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "danneggiare"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "ferire"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "far male"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "nuocere"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "gai-suru",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "害する"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "sokonau",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "そこなう"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "ita-meru",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "痛める"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "bângkârôʼntâréay",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "បង្ករអន្តរាយ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "haechida",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "해치다"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "noceō"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "kaitēt"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "bojāt"
    },
    {
      "code": "swb",
      "lang": "Maore Comorian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "uhodza"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "english": "to a person",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "whakatūroro"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "whakahauā"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "whakakino"
    },
    {
      "code": "zdj",
      "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "udhuru"
    },
    {
      "code": "pms",
      "lang": "Piedmontese",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "neuse"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "krzywdzić"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "raw_tags": [
        "for inanimate"
      ],
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "mainly"
      ],
      "word": "uszkadzać"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "ferir"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "fazer mal"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "afligir"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "machucar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "vătăma"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "strica"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "dăuna"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vredítʹ",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "вреди́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "povredítʹ",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "повреди́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "navredítʹ",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "навреди́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "druhyati",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "द्रुह्यति"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "hinasti",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "हिनस्ति"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "mill"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "cuir cron air"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "оштетити"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "повредити"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "повриједити"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "шкодити"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "oštetiti"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "povrediti"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "povrijediti"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "škoditi"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "raniť"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "škodiť"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "dañar"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "skada"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "hāni",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "హాని"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "tam-ráai",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "ทำร้าย"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "škódyty",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "шко́дити"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "naškódyty",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "нашко́дити"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zavdaváty škódy",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "завдава́ти шко́ди"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zavdáty škódy",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "завда́ти шко́ди"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "cause damage",
      "word": "làm hại"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "harm"
  ],
  "word": "harm"
}
{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
  "msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": ʔaḍarra vs. ḍarra",
  "path": [
    "harm"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "harm",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.