See self-harm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"ref": "2025 November 26, Robert Booth, “ChatGPT firm blames boy’s suicide on ‘misuse’ of its technology”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "It [OpenAI] said that its terms of use prohibited asking ChatGPT for advice about self-harm and highlighted a limitation of liability provision that states “you will not rely on output as a sole source of truth or factual information”.",
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"word": "cutting"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
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"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
"word": "self-flagellation"
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"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
"word": "skin-picking"
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"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "samonaranjavane",
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"word": "самонараняване"
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{
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],
"word": "scarification"
},
{
"code": "ka",
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"lang_code": "ka",
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"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"word": "თვითდაზიანება"
},
{
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"tags": [
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{
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{
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"lang_code": "ja",
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"word": "自傷"
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{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
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"lang_code": "ru",
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],
"tags": [
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"code": "fr",
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"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to injure oneself deliberately",
"word": "automutiler"
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé?\nProto-Indo-European *selbʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *selbaz\nOld English self\nOld English self-\nMiddle English self-\nEnglish self-\nEnglish harm\nEnglish self-harm\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*swé\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*selbʰ-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*selbaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"self\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"self-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"self-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"self-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"harm\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"self-harm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"self-harm\">\nFrom self- + harm.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé?\nProto-Indo-European *selbʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *selbaz\nOld English self\nOld English self-\nMiddle English self-\nEnglish self-\nEnglish harm\nEnglish self-harm\nFrom self- + harm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "SH",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "selfharm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "self harm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"abbr": "SH"
},
"expansion": "self-harm (uncountable, abbreviation SH)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
"word": "cutting"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
"word": "injury"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
"word": "mutilation"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
"word": "self-embedding"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
"word": "self-flagellation"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
"word": "self-flogging"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
"word": "skin-picking"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "self-harmer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Mental health"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
82,
91
]
],
"ref": "2025 November 26, Robert Booth, “ChatGPT firm blames boy’s suicide on ‘misuse’ of its technology”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "It [OpenAI] said that its terms of use prohibited asking ChatGPT for advice about self-harm and highlighted a limitation of liability provision that states “you will not rely on output as a sole source of truth or factual information”.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The deliberate nonsuicidal injuring of one's own body."
],
"links": [
[
"mental health",
"mental health"
],
[
"deliberate",
"deliberate"
],
[
"nonsuicidal",
"nonsuicidal"
],
[
"injuring",
"injure"
],
[
"body",
"body"
]
],
"qualifier": "mental health",
"raw_glosses": [
"(mental health) The deliberate nonsuicidal injuring of one's own body."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "self-injury"
},
{
"word": "self-mutilation"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-self-harm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-self-harm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-self-harm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-self-harm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-self-harm.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
"word": "self-harming"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
"word": "self-injury"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
"word": "self-mutilation"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
"tags": [
"initialism"
],
"word": "SI"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
"tags": [
"initialism"
],
"word": "SH"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:self-harm",
"word": "$H"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "samonaranjavane",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"word": "самонараняване"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "automutilation"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scarification"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "tvitdazianeba",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"word": "თვითდაზიანება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Selbstverletzung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Selbstverletzendes Verhalten"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "ātmakṣati",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "आत्मक्षति"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "ātmahinsā",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "आत्महिंसा"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "jishō",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"word": "自傷"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "jishō kōi",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"word": "自傷行為"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "selvskading"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "samookaleczanie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "samookaleczenie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "automutilação"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "automutilare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "samopovreždénije",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "самоповрежде́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "selfxárm",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "селфха́рм"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autolesión"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autoagresión"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "automutilación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "självskada"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "selfxárm",
"sense": "deliberate injuring of oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "селфхарм"
}
],
"word": "self-harm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *swé",
"English terms prefixed with self-",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Self-harm"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "self-",
"4": "harm",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé?\nProto-Indo-European *selbʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *selbaz\nOld English self\nOld English self-\nMiddle English self-\nEnglish self-\nEnglish harm\nEnglish self-harm\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*swé\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*selbʰ-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*selbaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"self\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"self-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"self-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"self-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"harm\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"self-harm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"self-harm\">\nFrom self- + harm.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swé?\nProto-Indo-European *selbʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *selbaz\nOld English self\nOld English self-\nMiddle English self-\nEnglish self-\nEnglish harm\nEnglish self-harm\nFrom self- + harm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "self-harms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "self-harming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "self-harmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "self-harmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "selfharm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "self harm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "self-harm (third-person singular simple present self-harms, present participle self-harming, simple past and past participle self-harmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To harm oneself deliberately."
],
"links": [
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"deliberately",
"deliberately"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To harm oneself deliberately."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-self-harm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-self-harm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-self-harm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-self-harm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-self-harm.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to injure oneself deliberately",
"word": "automutiler"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to injure oneself deliberately",
"word": "automutilar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to injure oneself deliberately",
"word": "automutila"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to injure oneself deliberately",
"word": "autolesionarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to injure oneself deliberately",
"word": "automutilarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to injure oneself deliberately",
"tags": [
"El-Salvador"
],
"word": "cagar fuego en su propia mano"
}
],
"word": "self-harm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for self-harm meaning in English (14.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.