"dere" meaning in English

See dere in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adverb

IPA: /dɛː(ɹ)/ [African-American-Vernacular-English, New-York-City], /d̪ɛː(ɹ)/ [English, Ulster], /d̪ɛə(ɹ)/ [Midlands], /d̪iəɹ/ (note: rural areas of Scotland, rare)
Rhymes: -ɛː(ɹ), -ɛə(ɹ) Etymology: Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping. Etymology templates: {{m|en|there}} there Head templates: {{en-adv|-}} dere (not comparable)
  1. Pronunciation spelling of there. Tags: alt-of, not-comparable, pronunciation-spelling Alternative form of: there
    Sense id: en-dere-en-adv--qor-1Sz Categories (other): English pronunciation spellings
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: der
Etymology number: 3

Interjection

IPA: /dɛː(ɹ)/ [African-American-Vernacular-English, New-York-City], /d̪ɛː(ɹ)/ [English, Ulster], /d̪ɛə(ɹ)/ [Midlands], /d̪iəɹ/ (note: rural areas of Scotland, rare)
Rhymes: -ɛː(ɹ), -ɛə(ɹ) Etymology: Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping. Etymology templates: {{m|en|there}} there Head templates: {{en-interjection}} dere
  1. Pronunciation spelling of there. Tags: alt-of, pronunciation-spelling Alternative form of: there
    Sense id: en-dere-en-intj--qor-1Sz Categories (other): English pronunciation spellings
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: der
Etymology number: 3

Noun

IPA: /dɪə/ [Received-Pronunciation] Forms: deres [plural]
Rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ) Etymology: From Middle English dere, from Old English dæru, daru (“injury, hurt, harm, damage, calamity; loss, deprivation”), from Proto-West Germanic *daru, from Proto-Germanic *darō (“damage, injury”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰórh₃-eh₂, from *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”). Cognate with Middle Dutch dare, dere, Low German dere, Old High German tara, Avestan ⁧𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁⁩ (dārā), Sanskrit धारा (dhā́rā). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*dʰerh₃-}}, {{inh|en|enm|dere}} Middle English dere, {{inh|en|ang|dæru}} Old English dæru, {{m|ang|daru||injury, hurt, harm, damage, calamity; loss, deprivation}} daru (“injury, hurt, harm, damage, calamity; loss, deprivation”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*daru}} Proto-West Germanic *daru, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*darō||damage, injury}} Proto-Germanic *darō (“damage, injury”), {{inh|en|ine-pro||*dʰórh₃-eh₂}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰórh₃-eh₂, {{m|ine-pro|*dʰerh₃-||to leap, spring}} *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”), {{cog|dum|dare}} Middle Dutch dare, {{m|dum|dere}} dere, {{cog|nds|dere}} Low German dere, {{cog|goh|tara}} Old High German tara, {{cog|ae|𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁}} Avestan ⁧𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁⁩ (dārā), {{cog|sa|धारा|tr=dhā́rā}} Sanskrit धारा (dhā́rā) Head templates: {{en-noun}} dere (plural deres)
  1. (UK dialectal) Hurt; harm; injury. Tags: UK, dialectal
    Sense id: en-dere-en-noun-ft2EbUww Categories (other): British English
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /dɛː(ɹ)/ [African-American-Vernacular-English, New-York-City], /d̪ɛː(ɹ)/ [English, Ulster], /d̪ɛə(ɹ)/ [Midlands], /d̪iəɹ/ (note: rural areas of Scotland, rare)
Rhymes: -ɛː(ɹ), -ɛə(ɹ) Etymology: Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping. Etymology templates: {{m|en|there}} there Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} dere (uncountable)
  1. Pronunciation spelling of there. Tags: alt-of, pronunciation-spelling, uncountable Alternative form of: there
    Sense id: en-dere-en-noun--qor-1Sz Categories (other): English pronunciation spellings
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: der
Etymology number: 3

Pronoun

IPA: /dɛː(ɹ)/ [African-American-Vernacular-English, New-York-City], /d̪ɛː(ɹ)/ [English, Ulster], /d̪ɛə(ɹ)/ [Midlands], /d̪iəɹ/ (note: rural areas of Scotland, rare)
Rhymes: -ɛː(ɹ), -ɛə(ɹ) Etymology: Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping. Etymology templates: {{m|en|there}} there Head templates: {{head|en|pronoun|||||||||||||||||||head=}} dere, {{en-pronoun}} dere
  1. Pronunciation spelling of there. Tags: alt-of, pronunciation-spelling Alternative form of: there
    Sense id: en-dere-en-pron--qor-1Sz Categories (other): English pronunciation spellings
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: der
Etymology number: 3

Verb

IPA: /dɪə/ [Received-Pronunciation] Forms: deres [present, singular, third-person], dering [participle, present], dered [participle, past], dered [past]
Rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ) Etymology: From Middle English deren, derien, from Old English derian (“to damage, injure, hurt, harm”), from Proto-West Germanic *darjan (“to injure, harm”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”). Cognate with Scots dere, deir (“to harm, hurt, injure”), Saterland Frisian dera (“to injure, damage”), West Frisian deare, derre (“to harm, injure”), Dutch deren (“to injure, damage, scathe”), Middle High German tern (“to injure”). Related to dart. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*dʰerh₃-}}, {{inh|en|enm|deren}} Middle English deren, {{m|enm|derien}} derien, {{inh|en|ang|derian||to damage, injure, hurt, harm}} Old English derian (“to damage, injure, hurt, harm”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*darjan||to injure, harm}} Proto-West Germanic *darjan (“to injure, harm”), {{inh|en|ine-pro|*dʰerh₃-||to leap, spring}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”), {{cog|sco|dere}} Scots dere, {{m|sco|deir||to harm, hurt, injure}} deir (“to harm, hurt, injure”), {{cog|stq|dera||to injure, damage}} Saterland Frisian dera (“to injure, damage”), {{cog|fy|deare}} West Frisian deare, {{m|fy|derre||to harm, injure}} derre (“to harm, injure”), {{cog|nl|deren||to injure, damage, scathe}} Dutch deren (“to injure, damage, scathe”), {{cog|gmh|tern||to injure}} Middle High German tern (“to injure”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} dere (third-person singular simple present deres, present participle dering, simple past and past participle dered)
  1. (transitive, UK, archaic, dialectal) To hurt; harm; injure; wound. Tags: UK, archaic, dialectal, transitive
    Sense id: en-dere-en-verb-1WwNCxvK Categories (other): British English
  2. (transitive, UK dialectal) To annoy, trouble, grieve. Tags: UK, dialectal, transitive
    Sense id: en-dere-en-verb-6Fbcyglv Categories (other): British English
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: dering
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for dere meaning in English (11.6kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰerh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "dere"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English dere",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "dæru"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English dæru",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "daru",
        "3": "",
        "4": "injury, hurt, harm, damage, calamity; loss, deprivation"
      },
      "expansion": "daru (“injury, hurt, harm, damage, calamity; loss, deprivation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*daru"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *daru",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*darō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "damage, injury"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *darō (“damage, injury”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰórh₃-eh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰórh₃-eh₂",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dʰerh₃-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to leap, spring"
      },
      "expansion": "*dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "dare"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch dare",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "dere"
      },
      "expansion": "dere",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "dere"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German dere",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "tara"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German tara",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan ⁧𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁⁩ (dārā)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "धारा",
        "tr": "dhā́rā"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit धारा (dhā́rā)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English dere, from Old English dæru, daru (“injury, hurt, harm, damage, calamity; loss, deprivation”), from Proto-West Germanic *daru, from Proto-Germanic *darō (“damage, injury”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰórh₃-eh₂, from *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”).\nCognate with Middle Dutch dare, dere, Low German dere, Old High German tara, Avestan ⁧𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁⁩ (dārā), Sanskrit धारा (dhā́rā).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "deres",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "dere (plural deres)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "She did him dere."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hurt; harm; injury."
      ],
      "id": "en-dere-en-noun-ft2EbUww",
      "links": [
        [
          "Hurt",
          "hurt"
        ],
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ],
        [
          "injury",
          "injury"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(UK dialectal) Hurt; harm; injury."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "dear"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "deer"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dere"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dering"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰerh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "deren"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English deren",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "derien"
      },
      "expansion": "derien",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "derian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to damage, injure, hurt, harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English derian (“to damage, injure, hurt, harm”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*darjan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to injure, harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *darjan (“to injure, harm”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰerh₃-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to leap, spring"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "dere"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots dere",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "deir",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to harm, hurt, injure"
      },
      "expansion": "deir (“to harm, hurt, injure”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "dera",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to injure, damage"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian dera (“to injure, damage”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "deare"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian deare",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "derre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to harm, injure"
      },
      "expansion": "derre (“to harm, injure”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "deren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to injure, damage, scathe"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch deren (“to injure, damage, scathe”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "tern",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to injure"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German tern (“to injure”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English deren, derien, from Old English derian (“to damage, injure, hurt, harm”), from Proto-West Germanic *darjan (“to injure, harm”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”). Cognate with Scots dere, deir (“to harm, hurt, injure”), Saterland Frisian dera (“to injure, damage”), West Frisian deare, derre (“to harm, injure”), Dutch deren (“to injure, damage, scathe”), Middle High German tern (“to injure”). Related to dart.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "deres",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dering",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dered",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dered",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "dere (third-person singular simple present deres, present participle dering, simple past and past participle dered)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To hurt; harm; injure; wound."
      ],
      "id": "en-dere-en-verb-1WwNCxvK",
      "links": [
        [
          "hurt",
          "hurt"
        ],
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ],
        [
          "injure",
          "injure"
        ],
        [
          "wound",
          "wound"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, UK, archaic, dialectal) To hurt; harm; injure; wound."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To annoy, trouble, grieve."
      ],
      "id": "en-dere-en-verb-6Fbcyglv",
      "links": [
        [
          "annoy",
          "annoy"
        ],
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "grieve",
          "grieve"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, UK dialectal) To annoy, trouble, grieve."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "dear"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "deer"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dere"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "there"
      },
      "expansion": "there",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "dere (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "there"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English pronunciation spellings",
          "parents": [
            "Pronunciation spellings",
            "Terms by orthographic property",
            "Terms by lexical property"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pronunciation spelling of there."
      ],
      "id": "en-dere-en-adv--qor-1Sz",
      "links": [
        [
          "Pronunciation spelling",
          "pronunciation spelling"
        ],
        [
          "there",
          "there#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "not-comparable",
        "pronunciation-spelling"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɛː(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "African-American-Vernacular-English",
        "New-York-City"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ɛː(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "English",
        "Ulster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ɛə(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "Midlands"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪iəɹ/",
      "note": "rural areas of Scotland, rare"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛː(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "dare (some accents)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "der"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dere"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "there"
      },
      "expansion": "there",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "dere",
      "name": "en-interjection"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "there"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English pronunciation spellings",
          "parents": [
            "Pronunciation spellings",
            "Terms by orthographic property",
            "Terms by lexical property"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pronunciation spelling of there."
      ],
      "id": "en-dere-en-intj--qor-1Sz",
      "links": [
        [
          "Pronunciation spelling",
          "pronunciation spelling"
        ],
        [
          "there",
          "there#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "pronunciation-spelling"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɛː(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "African-American-Vernacular-English",
        "New-York-City"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ɛː(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "English",
        "Ulster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ɛə(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "Midlands"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪iəɹ/",
      "note": "rural areas of Scotland, rare"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛː(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "dare (some accents)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "der"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dere"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "there"
      },
      "expansion": "there",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "dere (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "there"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English pronunciation spellings",
          "parents": [
            "Pronunciation spellings",
            "Terms by orthographic property",
            "Terms by lexical property"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pronunciation spelling of there."
      ],
      "id": "en-dere-en-noun--qor-1Sz",
      "links": [
        [
          "Pronunciation spelling",
          "pronunciation spelling"
        ],
        [
          "there",
          "there#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "pronunciation-spelling",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɛː(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "African-American-Vernacular-English",
        "New-York-City"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ɛː(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "English",
        "Ulster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ɛə(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "Midlands"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪iəɹ/",
      "note": "rural areas of Scotland, rare"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛː(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "dare (some accents)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "der"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dere"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "there"
      },
      "expansion": "there",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "17": "",
        "18": "",
        "19": "",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "20": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "dere",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "dere",
      "name": "en-pronoun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "there"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English pronunciation spellings",
          "parents": [
            "Pronunciation spellings",
            "Terms by orthographic property",
            "Terms by lexical property"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pronunciation spelling of there."
      ],
      "id": "en-dere-en-pron--qor-1Sz",
      "links": [
        [
          "Pronunciation spelling",
          "pronunciation spelling"
        ],
        [
          "there",
          "there#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "pronunciation-spelling"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɛː(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "African-American-Vernacular-English",
        "New-York-City"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ɛː(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "English",
        "Ulster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ɛə(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "Midlands"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪iəɹ/",
      "note": "rural areas of Scotland, rare"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛː(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "dare (some accents)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "der"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dere"
}
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰerh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "dere"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English dere",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "dæru"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English dæru",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "daru",
        "3": "",
        "4": "injury, hurt, harm, damage, calamity; loss, deprivation"
      },
      "expansion": "daru (“injury, hurt, harm, damage, calamity; loss, deprivation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*daru"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *daru",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*darō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "damage, injury"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *darō (“damage, injury”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰórh₃-eh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰórh₃-eh₂",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dʰerh₃-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to leap, spring"
      },
      "expansion": "*dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "dare"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch dare",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "dere"
      },
      "expansion": "dere",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "dere"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German dere",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "tara"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German tara",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan ⁧𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁⁩ (dārā)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "धारा",
        "tr": "dhā́rā"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit धारा (dhā́rā)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English dere, from Old English dæru, daru (“injury, hurt, harm, damage, calamity; loss, deprivation”), from Proto-West Germanic *daru, from Proto-Germanic *darō (“damage, injury”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰórh₃-eh₂, from *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”).\nCognate with Middle Dutch dare, dere, Low German dere, Old High German tara, Avestan ⁧𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁⁩ (dārā), Sanskrit धारा (dhā́rā).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "deres",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "dere (plural deres)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English dialectal terms"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "She did him dere."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hurt; harm; injury."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hurt",
          "hurt"
        ],
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ],
        [
          "injury",
          "injury"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(UK dialectal) Hurt; harm; injury."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "dear"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "deer"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dere"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "dering"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰerh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "deren"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English deren",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "derien"
      },
      "expansion": "derien",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "derian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to damage, injure, hurt, harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English derian (“to damage, injure, hurt, harm”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*darjan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to injure, harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *darjan (“to injure, harm”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰerh₃-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to leap, spring"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "dere"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots dere",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "deir",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to harm, hurt, injure"
      },
      "expansion": "deir (“to harm, hurt, injure”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "dera",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to injure, damage"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian dera (“to injure, damage”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "deare"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian deare",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "derre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to harm, injure"
      },
      "expansion": "derre (“to harm, injure”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "deren",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to injure, damage, scathe"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch deren (“to injure, damage, scathe”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "tern",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to injure"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German tern (“to injure”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English deren, derien, from Old English derian (“to damage, injure, hurt, harm”), from Proto-West Germanic *darjan (“to injure, harm”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”). Cognate with Scots dere, deir (“to harm, hurt, injure”), Saterland Frisian dera (“to injure, damage”), West Frisian deare, derre (“to harm, injure”), Dutch deren (“to injure, damage, scathe”), Middle High German tern (“to injure”). Related to dart.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "deres",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dering",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dered",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dered",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "dere (third-person singular simple present deres, present participle dering, simple past and past participle dered)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To hurt; harm; injure; wound."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hurt",
          "hurt"
        ],
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ],
        [
          "injure",
          "injure"
        ],
        [
          "wound",
          "wound"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, UK, archaic, dialectal) To hurt; harm; injure; wound."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To annoy, trouble, grieve."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "annoy",
          "annoy"
        ],
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "grieve",
          "grieve"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, UK dialectal) To annoy, trouble, grieve."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "dear"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "deer"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dere"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "there"
      },
      "expansion": "there",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "dere (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "there"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English pronunciation spellings"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pronunciation spelling of there."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Pronunciation spelling",
          "pronunciation spelling"
        ],
        [
          "there",
          "there#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "not-comparable",
        "pronunciation-spelling"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɛː(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "African-American-Vernacular-English",
        "New-York-City"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ɛː(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "English",
        "Ulster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ɛə(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "Midlands"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪iəɹ/",
      "note": "rural areas of Scotland, rare"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛː(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "dare (some accents)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "der"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dere"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "there"
      },
      "expansion": "there",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "dere",
      "name": "en-interjection"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "there"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English pronunciation spellings"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pronunciation spelling of there."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Pronunciation spelling",
          "pronunciation spelling"
        ],
        [
          "there",
          "there#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "pronunciation-spelling"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɛː(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "African-American-Vernacular-English",
        "New-York-City"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ɛː(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "English",
        "Ulster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ɛə(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "Midlands"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪iəɹ/",
      "note": "rural areas of Scotland, rare"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛː(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "dare (some accents)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "der"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dere"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "there"
      },
      "expansion": "there",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "dere (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "there"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English pronunciation spellings"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pronunciation spelling of there."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Pronunciation spelling",
          "pronunciation spelling"
        ],
        [
          "there",
          "there#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "pronunciation-spelling",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɛː(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "African-American-Vernacular-English",
        "New-York-City"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ɛː(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "English",
        "Ulster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ɛə(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "Midlands"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪iəɹ/",
      "note": "rural areas of Scotland, rare"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛː(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "dare (some accents)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "der"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dere"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "there"
      },
      "expansion": "there",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "17": "",
        "18": "",
        "19": "",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "20": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "dere",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "dere",
      "name": "en-pronoun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "there"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English pronunciation spellings"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pronunciation spelling of there."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Pronunciation spelling",
          "pronunciation spelling"
        ],
        [
          "there",
          "there#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "pronunciation-spelling"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɛː(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "African-American-Vernacular-English",
        "New-York-City"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ɛː(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "English",
        "Ulster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪ɛə(ɹ)/",
      "tags": [
        "Midlands"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪iəɹ/",
      "note": "rural areas of Scotland, rare"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛː(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "dare (some accents)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "der"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dere"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.